第三章 第三节(增词法 第3版)

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1.补充原文省略或被替代的词
1.
we won’t retreat; we never
have and never will.
我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，
我们将来也决不后退。
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2. They won victories in the past years.
在过去的两年里,我们取得了一次又一次的 胜利。
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3. The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.
连大地都震动了，仿佛万马奔腾，千夫
怒吼。

（P69（八））
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4.增补修饰性和解释性词语

1. Blood and Sand （电影名） 《碧血黄沙》/《血与沙》

2. The farmer snapped a stick and put it into the fire.
千年易逝， 德国的罪孽难消。 ——驻波兰总督汉斯•弗朗克
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二、语义和修辞性增补
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1.不及物动词增补宾语（P60）
1. He never drinks before driving. 他开车前从不喝酒。 2. Before liberation, his mother lived on washing. 解放前，他妈妈靠洗衣为生。
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1. 必要性 2. 嫉妒心理 3. 转化过程 4. 越轨事例 5. 吹毛求疵的做法 6. 可读性 7. 疯狂行为 8. 隔离措施/政策 9. 观察结果 10.傲慢态度
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6. 增补某些概括性的词语（P66）

1. The paper discussed language teaching and language research. 论文讨论了语言教学和语言研究两方面的内 容。
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翻译下列的句子




1. “How shall I do it?”---- “ Just as you wish.” 2. They would not have done such a thing without government approval. 3.Now and then his boots shone. 4.She is sitting in a BMW. 5.From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain conditons.
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3. The United States, China, England, France and Japan are now cooperation.
美、中、英、法、日五国正在合作。
（P72（五））
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当然这种增补不能无中生有，凭空杜撰， 而要有一定的根据。
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Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability.
1.读书服务于乐趣，服务于文采，服务于才干。

2.读书可以使人从中获得乐趣，可以给人添加文 采，可以使人增加才干。

一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注 意——它体积小，价格低，无人驾驶。

（P68（五））
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3.增补表示复数的词（P62）

1.There were rows of houses which he had never seen before. 一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。
如果不懂得制图或看不懂图纸，就不能造 船、盖房子或制造机床。
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2.
He was a quiet and thoughtful man.
他举止文雅，待人体贴。
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3.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。（王佐 良）

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(一)结构性增补

Structural addition is mainly due to the structural or grammatical differences between English and Chinese. What is omitted or unnecessary in English may be indispensable in Chinese, or vice versa; hence the principle of addition in translating.
战争就是如此：胜利者获得战利品，
战败者遭受损失。
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5. Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all.
conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作
使人准确。
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4.
Such is war: to the victor, the
spoils; to the defeated, the costs.
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3. 增补潜在词

1. I began the book yesterday.

来自百度文库
昨天我开始读（写）这本书。
2.The new American Secretary of State has proposed a world conference on food supplies. 美国新任国务卿建议召开世界食品资源问 题会议。

她们有的长着漂亮的眼睛，有的生着俏丽 的鼻子，有的有着妩媚的嘴巴、婀娜的身 段；但是，这样样都美的，虽然不能说一 个没有，却也是寥寥无几。
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6.I
fell madly in love with her, and
she with me.
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第三节 增词法 Addition
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英汉两种语言，由于表达方式不同，翻
译时不仅可以将词类转译，又可以在词 量上进行增减。
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按照英语的表达方式，有些词是有其意而 无其形的，这种情况在译成汉语时就要增 补一些词语，使之符合汉语的表达方式， 从而更加通顺地表达原文的思想内容。
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2.在形容词前增加名词（P61）
1.
this typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美。
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2. A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless —is attracting increasing attention.
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7.增加表达时态的词（P63）

（过去)完成时：曾、已经、过、了； 进行时：在、正在、着


将来时：将、就、会、要、便
P68（七）
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8.增补语气助词（P64）

1. Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.

不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
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2. As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.

我呢,从一开始就不赞成。

（P69（九））
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2.
they have our interest at heart
as we have theirs.
他们关心我们的利益，我们也关心他们
的利益。
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3.
Reading makes a full man;
农民“啪”地一声折断了一根树枝，把它放 进火里。

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3.
Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一钩新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云彩里去了。
P69（八）

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A thousand years will pass and the guilt of Germany will not be erased. ---- Hans Frank



Governor-General of Poland
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3. Day after day he came to his work—
— sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天来干活——扫地、擦地板、
收
拾房间。

P68（四）
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2.
Note that the words “ foxy”, “mean” and “ generous” require explanation. “慷慨的”这三个词需要解释一下。
请注意：“狡猾的”、“吝啬的”和
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3.
Divorce is increasing in this
country with growing urbanization.
随着城镇化进程的推进，这个国家的
离婚率逐步攀升。
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1. necessity 2. jealousy 3. transformation 4. irregularities 5. fault-finding 6. readability 7. madness 8. segregation 9. observation 10.arrogance P74（四）
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5. 增补范畴词（P61）

由动词或形容词加后缀-tion, -ness等派 生出来的名词， 如：
backwardness:落后面貌/落后状态 preparation:准备工作


sadness: 悲观主义
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我狂热地爱上了她，她也狂热地爱上
了我。
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2. 补充译文结构或搭配所需要的词语
1.You cannot build a ship, a house, or a machine tool if you do not know how to make or read a design.
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1. This is the best solution to your problem. 这是你那个问题最好的解决方案。


2. At the same time, inequality has become worse. 同时，不平等现象变得更严重了。

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