Chapter 8 对比分析和难度等级
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
• a scientific, structural analysis of the two language in question would yield a taxonomy of linguistic contrasts between L1 and L2;
• the taxonomy of linguistic contrasts enable the
of its smallest parts and feasible tools of structural
components.
linguistics.
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
Behaviorism contributed to CAH that human behavior is the sum of its smallest parts and components, and that language learning could be described as the SaucqcuhiasistiFornieos'fsasllloot-fftihlleesregdriasmcrmetaeru(n1i9ts5.2), the CAH, the tools of structural linguistics would enable a linguist to describe accurately the two language in question, and to match those two descriptions against each other to
03 Moderating the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
04 Markedness and Universal Grammer
Definition of Contrastive Analysis
Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies.
since one could transfer
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The logical conclusion was that: second language learning basically involved the overcoming of the differences between the two linguistic systems--the native and target
Robert Lado's Linguistics Across Cultures (1957), Lado claimed that:
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Stockwell, Bowen, and Martin(1965),
who proposed what they called a
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Clifford Prator (1967)
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Representative of
Charles Fries
CAH
Robert Lado
Robert Lado's Linguistics Across Cultures (1957), Lado claimed that "those elements which are similar to [the learner's] native language will be simple for him, and those elements that are different will be
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
Theoretical basis of CAH:
A
Behavioristi Baidu Nhomakorabea Approach
B
Structuralist Approach
Human behavior is the sum The CAH was considered
Chapter 8
Contrastive Analysis, Interlanguage,
and Error Analysis
Contrastive Analysis
01 The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
02 Hierarchy of Difficulty
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The CAH has appeal in that we commonly observe in second language learners a plethora of errors attributable to the negative transfer of the native language to the target language. How can we infer where the learner comes from?
Human learning theories
How do people interpret “interfering” elements of learning with human lNeoarinntienrgfetrhenecoericeosu?ld be
predictd, no difficulty would be experienced
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The CAH claimed that:
• the principal barrier to second language acquisition is the interference of the first language system with the second language system;
THANK
hierarchy of FdoirfficultFyo.r
Eight possible phonologi grammati
degrees of
cal
cal
system structure
difficulty based
s
on ...
16 levels of diffculty based on...
---From Wikipedia
Definition of Contrastive Analysis
Contrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of second language acquisition in the 1960s and early 1970s, explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to acquire than others. Therefore, the difficulty in mastering certain structures in a second language (L2) depended on the difference between the learners' mother language (L1) and the language they were trying to learn.
Using the hierarchy of difficulty and the procedures for contrastive analysis by Whitman, one can make simple predictions about difficulties learners will encounter.
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Clifford Prator(1967) captured the essence of this grammatical hierarchy in six categories of difficulty. Prator's hierarchy is applicable to both grammatical and phonological features
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Conclusion
Prator's reinterpretation, and Stockwell and his associates' original hierarchy of difficulty, are based on principles of human learning.
• the taxonomy of linguistic contrasts enable the
of its smallest parts and feasible tools of structural
components.
linguistics.
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
Behaviorism contributed to CAH that human behavior is the sum of its smallest parts and components, and that language learning could be described as the SaucqcuhiasistiFornieos'fsasllloot-fftihlleesregdriasmcrmetaeru(n1i9ts5.2), the CAH, the tools of structural linguistics would enable a linguist to describe accurately the two language in question, and to match those two descriptions against each other to
03 Moderating the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
04 Markedness and Universal Grammer
Definition of Contrastive Analysis
Contrastive analysis is the systematic study of a pair of languages with a view to identifying their structural differences and similarities. Historically it has been used to establish language genealogies.
since one could transfer
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The logical conclusion was that: second language learning basically involved the overcoming of the differences between the two linguistic systems--the native and target
Robert Lado's Linguistics Across Cultures (1957), Lado claimed that:
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Stockwell, Bowen, and Martin(1965),
who proposed what they called a
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Clifford Prator (1967)
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Representative of
Charles Fries
CAH
Robert Lado
Robert Lado's Linguistics Across Cultures (1957), Lado claimed that "those elements which are similar to [the learner's] native language will be simple for him, and those elements that are different will be
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
Theoretical basis of CAH:
A
Behavioristi Baidu Nhomakorabea Approach
B
Structuralist Approach
Human behavior is the sum The CAH was considered
Chapter 8
Contrastive Analysis, Interlanguage,
and Error Analysis
Contrastive Analysis
01 The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
02 Hierarchy of Difficulty
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The CAH has appeal in that we commonly observe in second language learners a plethora of errors attributable to the negative transfer of the native language to the target language. How can we infer where the learner comes from?
Human learning theories
How do people interpret “interfering” elements of learning with human lNeoarinntienrgfetrhenecoericeosu?ld be
predictd, no difficulty would be experienced
The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)
The CAH claimed that:
• the principal barrier to second language acquisition is the interference of the first language system with the second language system;
THANK
hierarchy of FdoirfficultFyo.r
Eight possible phonologi grammati
degrees of
cal
cal
system structure
difficulty based
s
on ...
16 levels of diffculty based on...
---From Wikipedia
Definition of Contrastive Analysis
Contrastive analysis was used extensively in the field of second language acquisition in the 1960s and early 1970s, explaining why some features of a target language were more difficult to acquire than others. Therefore, the difficulty in mastering certain structures in a second language (L2) depended on the difference between the learners' mother language (L1) and the language they were trying to learn.
Using the hierarchy of difficulty and the procedures for contrastive analysis by Whitman, one can make simple predictions about difficulties learners will encounter.
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Clifford Prator(1967) captured the essence of this grammatical hierarchy in six categories of difficulty. Prator's hierarchy is applicable to both grammatical and phonological features
Hierarchy of Difficulty
Conclusion
Prator's reinterpretation, and Stockwell and his associates' original hierarchy of difficulty, are based on principles of human learning.