形容词和副词的用法考前快速复习

形容词和副词的用法考前
快速复习
The pony was revised in January 2021
形容词和副词的用法
一、形容词
1、形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。

描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。

限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。

除了these和those外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。

2、形容词的位置
修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：
Example: that strong young Chinese swimmer
注意：形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。

She is too kind a girl to refuse.
在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后：
（1）名词之后的数量词＋名词＋old, long, wide等。

a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long
（2）为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。

He had a face thin and worn, but eager and resolute.
（3）something, anything,everyone, anybody…＋形容词。

There′s nothing wrong with the electric cooker.
（4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语
The judge has talked to all the people involved.
3、“数词＋名词”构成的形容词
（1）数词＋名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。

（2）数词＋名词＋形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。

（3）名词（无冠词）＋基数词=the＋序数词＋名词，如
Unite 6=the Sixth Unite
（4）“数量词＋复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个单位来表示。

如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。

Ten years is quite a long time to him.
Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.
二、副词
1、副词的构成如下：
（1）本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite等.
（2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如happily, carefully等。

（3）有些副词与形容词同行，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。

注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, friendly, queenly等。

2、副词的位置
（1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如
The scenery around here is very beautiful.
（2）always, never, often, sometimes, ususlly等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be 动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。

He usually gets up early, but he got up late today.
I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him.
（3）有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰语时，其顺序为地点（小地点＋大地点）→状态→次数→时间（单位小的时间＋单位大的时间）。

They arrived in Paris safely the other day.
(4)seldom, rarely, never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词
须放在主语的前面（也叫倒装句），如
Never did I hear such a funny story=I never heard such a funny story.
3、几个特殊副词的用法
（1）enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之前.
She speaks English well enough to be an interpreter.
It,s too hot a day to work.
但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前.
Have you got enough money for this microwave oven
（2）too…(for…)＋不定式（to），作“太…而不能”解；enough＋不定式，意思是“足够可以”，这一结构可转换成so…that结构。

The boy was still too young to go to school.
→He was so young that he could not go to school.
The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce.
→He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce.
(3)already用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解，still作“仍然”解。

I have already seen film.
Have you seen the film yet
I still prefer tea to coffee.
（4）随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。

Only Mr Li came to see me today.
Mr Li came to see only me today.
Mr Li came to see me only today. ?
三、形容词的比较等级
形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：
四、形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表
五、形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法
形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。

1）原级常用于“as＋原级＋as”结构
He likes her as much as he likes his sister.
否定的原级用not as…as或not so …as,二者一般无甚区别。

He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.
2）比较级常用于“比较级＋than” 结构.
He is taller than me.
否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)…as…结构，也可用less…than结构. This word is less frequent in British English than in American English. 3）两个人或物比较时，定冠词the＋比较级表示最高级。

He is the taller of the two.
4)最高级常用于“the＋最高级＋比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。

He is the best picture in the hall.
5)含有否定词的比较级，如
(1)no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于”
not less than=at least “至少”
(2)no less… than =as…as “和……一样”
not less＋原级＋than “至少不亚于”
(3)no more…than=not…any more than “和……一样不……”
not more…than=not so…as “不像……那样……”
(4)no more than=only “只不过”，言其少
not more than=at most “不多于”，“至少”
6）表示“几倍于”用twice（两倍），three times（三倍）＋as…as, This book costs twice as much as the other one.
7)the＋比较级……,the＋比较级, 意思是“越……就越”，如：
The harder you work , the more you will learn.
8)比较结构之前可用程度状语加以修饰，如as…as前可用
almost,nearly,just(about),quite等词语修饰，如，
John is almost as tall as his father.
9)在more than结构之前可用far,(so)very much, (quite)a lot, a great deal, (just)a bit, still, far等词语修饰，如：
He speaks English a lot more rapidly than he does French.
10）比较级＋and＋比较级，作“越来……越”解，如：
The days are getting longer and longer.。