科技文章的特点

（3）大量使用名词化结构
➢ 因为科技文体要求行文简洁；表达客观， 内容准确，信息量大；强调存在的事实， 而非某一行为。
➢ The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night.
➢ 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 ➢ The rotation of the earth on its own axis
reduced by the use of firebricks round the walls of the boiler.
➢ Television transmits and receives images of moving objects by radio waves.
➢ 电视通过无线电波发射和接收活动物体的图像。 ➢ Television is the transmission and
➢ 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的。
➢ It has been proved that induced voltage causes a current to flow in opposition to the force producing it.
➢ 已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流 的磁场力方向相反。
第三章 科技文章的特点
➢ 科技文章文体的特点是清晰、准确、精练 和严密。
➢ 科技英语的句法特点是大量使用长句、广 泛使用被动语态句、形容词短语普遍用作 后置定语、频繁使用动词的非谓语形式。
（1） 谓语动词的时态
➢ 一般现在时 ——描述的主要对象时客观存在 的事实、现象或真理
➢ 一般过去时 ——在出现表示过去的时间状语， 或叙述过去发生过的事实的情况下
➢ It is evident that a well-lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one.
➢ 显然，润滑良好的轴承比不润滑的轴承容易转 动。
➢ It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting.
6.3 副词
➢ The force upward equals the force downward so that the balloon stays at the level.
➢ 向上的力与向下的力相等，所以气球就保持 在固定的高度。
6.4保持较强的动词意义的单个分词
➢ The heat produced is equal to the electrical energy wasted.
➢ 振动着的物体产生声波，每一次振动产生一个 声波。 分词独立结构代替并列从句
➢ Materials which are used for structural purposes are chosen so that they behave elastically in the environmental conditions.
➢ 计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种。 ➢ The switching time of the new-type
transistor is shortened three times. ➢新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二
（或……缩短为三分之一）。
➢ This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here.
使用分词短语代替定语从句
➢ Heat causes air currents to rise when it is radiating from the earth.
➢ Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise.
➢ 热量从地球辐射出来时使气流上升。
➢ 应当注意机器的工作温度。 而很少说：
➢ You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine.
➢ 你们必须注意机器的工作温度。
➢ 此外，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在 主 语部分。
➢ We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. We measure capacitance in farads.
➢ There are different ways in which we can change energy from one form into another.
➢ There are different ways of changing energy from one form into another.
➢ 我们可将电能储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两 块金属极板内。我们称这样的装置为电容器， 称其储存电能的能力为电容。我们用法拉为 单位来测量电容。
➢ Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads.
➢ 现在完成时 ——强调过去发生的事实对现在 仍有影响
（2） 谓语动词的语气
➢ 以陈述语气或虚拟语气为主： 1、叙述事物的发生与发展过程，揭示其变化规律 ——陈述语气 2、设备使用说明书中，关于操作步骤的叙述 ——祁使语气 3、推测事物可能出现的变化趋势时 ——虚拟语气 4、作者认为实验的可能性较大时 ——情态动词加原形动词的陈述语气
➢ 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金 属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，其 储存电能的能力成为电容。电容的测量单 位是法拉。
5、非限定动词
➢ 科技文章要求行文简练，结构紧凑。 ➢ 使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句； ➢ 使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列从句； ➢ 使用不定式短语代替各种从句； ➢ 使用“介词＋动名词短语”代替定语从句或状
➢ 产生的热量等于耗费的电能。
6.5 定语从句
➢ The molecules exert forces upon each other, which depend on the distance between them.
➢ 分子相互间都存在着力的作用，力的大小取决 于它们之间的距离。
(7) 常用句型
➢ 如果没有改变物体运动的原因，那么物体将做匀 速直线运动。 分词独立结构代替状语从句
➢ Vibrating objects produce sound waves and each vibration produces one sound waves.
➢ Vibrating objects produce sound waves, each vibration producing one sound wave.
➢ In this factory the only fuel available is coal.
➢ 该厂惟一可用的燃料是煤。 ➢ In radiation, thermal energy is
transformed into radiant energy, similar in nature to light. ➢ 热能在辐射时转换成性质与光相似的辐射能。
➢ 人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的 合金钢。
➢ Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light.
➢ 电磁波传播的速度和光速相同。
➢ Microcomputers are very small in size, as shown in figure 5.
使用分词短语代替状语从句
➢ A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, if there is no cause to change that motion.
➢ A body can move uniformly and in a straight line, there being no cause to change that motion.
reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
（4）广泛使用被动语句
➢ 因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准 确。第一、第二人称使用过多，会造成主 观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙 述，采用被动语态。
➢ Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.
➢ It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.
➢ 直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形 式。
➢ Computers may be classified as analog and digital.
语从句。
➢ A direct current is a current which flowes always in the same direction.
➢ A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.
➢ 直流电是一种总沿同一方向流动的电流。
causes the change from day to night.
➢ If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss can be considerably reduced.
➢ 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 ➢ The heat loss can be considerably
➢ Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in air environmental conditions.
➢ 结构材料应选择在外界条件中能保持弹性的材 料。 使用不定式短语代替各种从句
➢ 如图5所示，微型计算机体积很小。 ➢ In water sound travels nearly five times
as fast as in air. ➢ 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传
播速度的五倍。
➢ Compared with hydrogen , oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy.
➢ 与氢相比，氧的重量大约是氢的十六倍。
(8) 长句
➢ 为了表述一个复杂概念，使之逻辑严密， 结构紧凑
➢ The efforts that have been made to explain optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as elastic solid body led, in the first instance, to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibration, and , at a later stage, to the definite conclusion that there is no luminiferous medium having that physical character assumed in the hypothesis.
➢ 将能量从一种形式转变成另一种形式有多种不 同的方法。
使用“介词＋动名词短语”代替从句
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
（6）后置定语
➢ 6.1 介词短语 ➢ The forces due to friction are called
frictional forces. ➢ 由于摩擦而产生的力称为摩擦力。
6.2 形容词及形容词短语