2019年最新PEP人教版小升初英语语法大全

名词

一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别

普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people, family 等)。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。

二、可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：

1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。

如：book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days

2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。

如：bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes

3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city → cities body → bodies factory → factories等等。

4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。

如：half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives

5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。]

①child → children

②man → men woman → women policeman → policemen policewoman-policewomen

③tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话：初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo → photos ]

④foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话： oo变成ee。]

⑤ mouse-mice

⑥ fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。]

⑦ people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指"多个民族"。

三、不可数名词

1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的

意义发生变化。

如：water (水) → waters (水域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs

写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______

watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______

day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________

tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____

thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______

man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________

*** 用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

6. Let's take________(photo), OK?

7. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

10. Their________(dictionary) look new.

11. I see you have a few white________(hair).

12. They are________(woman) doctors.

13. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

14. There are many________(fox) in the picture.

15. I would like some apple________(juice). I am very thirsty. 一般现在时

一般现在时的功能

1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always，often，usually，every day，sometimes等连用。

如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

2.表示客观事实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。