呼吸系统(英文版)课件
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医学英语呼吸系统课件
支气管分为左支气管和右支气 管，分别进入左肺和右肺。
肺
肺是呼吸系统的主要器官，负责氧气和二氧化碳 的交换。
肺由无数的肺泡组成，是氧气和二氧化碳进行交 换的主要部位。
肺泡之间有丰富的毛细血管，为氧气和二氧化碳 的交换提供便利。
胸膜与胸廓
胸膜是包裹在肺表面的薄膜，分为脏层和壁层两部分。 壁层胸膜紧贴肋骨和胸骨，形成胸廓的外部轮廓。
康复锻炼
呼吸锻炼
运动锻炼
如深呼吸、腹式呼吸等，有助于加强呼吸肌 力量，改善肺功能。
如散步、慢跑、游泳等，可以提高心肺功能 ，增强体质。
心理调适
戒烟限酒
如放松训练、心理疏导等，有助于缓解紧张 情绪，减轻呼吸困难症状。
戒烟限酒可以改善呼吸系统功能，减少呼吸 道疾病的发生。
营养支持与饮食护理
营养支持
呼吸系统疾病患者需要充足的营养支持，如蛋白质、维生素 、矿物质等，以增强免疫力和抵抗力。
医学英语呼吸系统课件
xx年xx月xx日
目录
• 呼吸系统概述 • 呼吸系统解剖结构 • 呼吸系统生理功能 • 呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗 • 呼吸系统护理与康复 • 医学英语与呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗
01
呼吸系统概述
呼吸系统组成
鼻腔
呼吸系统的入口，具有滤清、加湿 和加热空气的功能。
喉
连接鼻腔和气管，具有调节空气流 量和防止吸入异物的作用。
饮食护理
患者应该选择清淡、易消化的食物，避免辛辣、油腻、刺激 性食物对呼吸道的刺激。同时要保持饮食均衡，摄入足够的 营养素。
06
医学英语与呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗
学习医学英语词汇
学习与呼吸系统相关的医学英 语词汇，如肺部疾病、呼吸道 疾病、胸膜疾病等。
呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
医学英语呼吸系统课件
Respiratory system 呼吸系 统
Inhalation 吸入
Exhalation 呼
Breathing 呼吸
与呼吸系统疾病相关的医学英语词汇
Pneumonia 肺炎 Asthma 哮喘
Emphysema 肺气肿
与呼吸系统疾病相关的医学英语词汇
01
Tuberculosis 肺结核
02
肺移植
用于治疗终末期肺疾病，移植肺来源于捐献者。
其他治疗方法
机械通气
01
通过机械装置辅助呼吸，适用于重症呼吸衰竭等患者。
氧疗
02
通过吸氧等方式提高血氧饱和度，适用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病等
患者。
雾化吸入
03
将药物雾化成微小颗粒，通过吸入方式作用于呼吸道，常用的
有吸入性糖皮质激素等。
06
呼吸系统保健预防
肺换气
通过肺泡和毛细血管之间的气体交 换将氧气和二氧化碳从外部环境运 输到血液和从血液运输到外部环境 的过程。
气体交换
氧气交换
氧气从空气中进入血液并 从血液中排出，与血红蛋 白结合并被运输到身体的 各个部分。
二氧化碳交换
二氧化碳从血液中进入空 气并从空气中排出，通过 呼吸运动排出体外。
肺泡通气量
肺泡通气量是指每分钟吸 入肺泡的新鲜空气量，是 衡量呼吸系统功能的重要 指标之一。
Lung cancer 肺癌
03
Cystic fibrosis 囊性纤维化
04
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency α-1 抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症
THANKS
感谢观看
减少户外污染源
尽量避免在交通拥堵时段外出，减少吸入汽车尾气等有害气体。
呼吸系统-英文版ppt课件
可编辑课件PPT
6
Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
可编辑课件PPT
5
When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
医学英语呼吸系统课件
肺泡是肺的基本功能单位，能够让氧气进入血液并将二氧化 碳从血液中排出，实现气体交换。
03
呼吸系统的功能
呼吸系统的生理功能
气体交换
呼吸系统的主要生理功能是进行气体交换，即通过吸入氧气并排出二氧化碳来维 持身体正常的代谢活动。
呼吸过程
呼吸过程包括吸氧、二氧化碳排出和血液含氧量的调节等环节，这些环节协同作 用，确保身体获得足够的氧气。
机械通气
机械通气是一种通过机械装置来辅助患者呼吸的治疗方法 ，它包括有创机械通气和无创机械通气两种。
有创机械通气是通过在患者的口腔或鼻腔插入气管插管来 实现机械通气，主要用于病情较重的患者。无创机械通气 则是通过面罩、鼻罩等装置来辅助患者呼吸，主要用于轻 症患者。
手术治疗
手术治疗也是呼吸系统疾病常见的治疗方法之一，包括肺移植、肺切除、气管重 建等手术。
。
肺癌
定义
肺癌是一种发生在肺部的恶性 肿瘤，通常与吸烟、职业暴露
、遗传因素等有关。
症状
肺癌早期可能无明显症状，但随 着病情发展可能出现咳嗽、胸痛 、呼吸困难等症状。
治疗
肺癌治疗主要包括手术、放疗、化 疗等。
05
呼吸系统的检查方法
X光检查
X光透视
可动态观察呼吸系统的器官形态和运动状态
X光摄片ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
适用于观察器官的轮廓和位置关系
手术治疗可以有效地清除病变组织，改善患者的呼吸功能，提高生活质量。但是 手术治疗的难度较大，需要医生具有丰富的经验和技能。
THANKS
谢谢您的观看
喉是呼吸和发音的重要器官，它连接口腔和气管，具有调节 呼吸和辅助发音的功能。
气管和支气管
气管是呼吸系统的主干道，连接喉和支气管，将氧气和空 气引入肺部。
03
呼吸系统的功能
呼吸系统的生理功能
气体交换
呼吸系统的主要生理功能是进行气体交换，即通过吸入氧气并排出二氧化碳来维 持身体正常的代谢活动。
呼吸过程
呼吸过程包括吸氧、二氧化碳排出和血液含氧量的调节等环节，这些环节协同作 用，确保身体获得足够的氧气。
机械通气
机械通气是一种通过机械装置来辅助患者呼吸的治疗方法 ，它包括有创机械通气和无创机械通气两种。
有创机械通气是通过在患者的口腔或鼻腔插入气管插管来 实现机械通气，主要用于病情较重的患者。无创机械通气 则是通过面罩、鼻罩等装置来辅助患者呼吸，主要用于轻 症患者。
手术治疗
手术治疗也是呼吸系统疾病常见的治疗方法之一，包括肺移植、肺切除、气管重 建等手术。
。
肺癌
定义
肺癌是一种发生在肺部的恶性 肿瘤，通常与吸烟、职业暴露
、遗传因素等有关。
症状
肺癌早期可能无明显症状，但随 着病情发展可能出现咳嗽、胸痛 、呼吸困难等症状。
治疗
肺癌治疗主要包括手术、放疗、化 疗等。
05
呼吸系统的检查方法
X光检查
X光透视
可动态观察呼吸系统的器官形态和运动状态
X光摄片ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
适用于观察器官的轮廓和位置关系
手术治疗可以有效地清除病变组织，改善患者的呼吸功能，提高生活质量。但是 手术治疗的难度较大，需要医生具有丰富的经验和技能。
THANKS
谢谢您的观看
喉是呼吸和发音的重要器官，它连接口腔和气管，具有调节 呼吸和辅助发音的功能。
气管和支气管
气管是呼吸系统的主干道，连接喉和支气管，将氧气和空 气引入肺部。
呼吸系统的英语ppt课件
Breaking is a complex process
It involves the contract and relaxation of muscles, the movement of air through the passages, and the exchange of gases at the alveoli
04
Trachea and Bronchi
The structure of the tracea and bronchi
要点一
Trachea
要点二
Bronchi
The Trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that extends from the Larynx to the bifurcation at the level of the fourth tropical vertebra It serves as a passage for air to reach the lungs The trajectory is composed of C-shaped rings of cartilage and is covered by mucous membrane
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflation of the Tonsils (lands at the back of the stroke) that can cause pain, fever, and diversity switching It is often caused by viruses but can also be bacterial
It involves the contract and relaxation of muscles, the movement of air through the passages, and the exchange of gases at the alveoli
04
Trachea and Bronchi
The structure of the tracea and bronchi
要点一
Trachea
要点二
Bronchi
The Trachea, also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that extends from the Larynx to the bifurcation at the level of the fourth tropical vertebra It serves as a passage for air to reach the lungs The trajectory is composed of C-shaped rings of cartilage and is covered by mucous membrane
Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is an inflation of the Tonsils (lands at the back of the stroke) that can cause pain, fever, and diversity switching It is often caused by viruses but can also be bacterial
呼吸系统疾病英文PPT课件
Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
❖ Bronchopneumonia ❖ Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia ❖ Interstitial Pneumonia
Based on etiology
❖ Bacterial pneumonia ❖ Viral Pneumonia ❖ Mycoplasma Pneumonia ❖ Chlamydia Pneumonia
Classification of Respiratory Infections
According to the level of the respiratory tree most involved:
❖ Upper respiratory tract infection
❖ Lower respiratory tract infection
❖ Pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity in China.
Question
How to classify pneumonia in clinic?
Classification
❖ Anatomy ❖ Pathogens ❖ Severity ❖ Duration ❖ Onset site
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
The clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia depend primarily on the age of the patient, the causative organism, and the severity of the disease.
respiratorysystem呼吸系统ppt课件讲解学习
❖Alveolus, totally about 250 to 300 million in lungs of an adult, is supplied by a terminal pulmonary arteriole, which has a diameter of about 35 um and which gives rise to about 1000 capillaries per alveolus. The capillaries are 7 to 10 um in diameter. The distance between the alveolar surface and the capillaries is only 0.050.1 um. The pulmonary capillaries drain into the pulmonary veins and from there into the left atrium. The lung also receives blood through the bronchial arteries from the aorta.
❖ The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi and these in turn divide into lobar bronchi (upper, middle, and lower on the right, and upper and lower on the left). The airways continue to divide into terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
呼吸系统(中英文)PPT课件
呼吸困难 labored breathing (hypoventilation) 右心衰 right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)
Treatment
不能根治 控制症状
No cure relieving
symptoms
防止并发症 preventing complications
小细支气管炎
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Clinical features
支气管粘膜炎症、粘液分泌旺盛
咳痰
支气管痉挛，渗出物阻塞
喘
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
晚期表现 Late stage menifestation
血氧饱和度低 insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia)
肺间质、肺泡间隔 ：cap. , f, Mφ
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善 Histology of the Airways
Components Functions
Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscles
Cartilage 病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells
Treatment
不能根治 控制症状
No cure relieving
symptoms
防止并发症 preventing complications
小细支气管炎
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Clinical features
支气管粘膜炎症、粘液分泌旺盛
咳痰
支气管痉挛，渗出物阻塞
喘
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
晚期表现 Late stage menifestation
血氧饱和度低 insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia)
肺间质、肺泡间隔 ：cap. , f, Mφ
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善 Histology of the Airways
Components Functions
Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscles
Cartilage 病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells
医学英语呼吸系统ppt课件
最新版整理ppt
5
Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs
The pharynx conducts air into the trachea, a tube
reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage(软骨) to prevent its
The smallest of the conducting tubes, the bronchioles( 细支气管), carry air into the microscopic air sacs, the aveoli(肺泡), whrough which gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood.
Medical Terminology（3）
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室（综合楼110）
最新版整理ppt
1
Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.
呼吸系统组织结构(英文版)课件
• Small granule cell (neuroendocrine cell)
-EM: dense-core granules -Function: secret hormones to regulate contract of SM and secretion of gland
i. 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin) ii. Calcitonin
respiratory region
LP: vascular network
Olfactory cells
Ep: olfactory epi. Supporting cells
olfactory region
Basal cells
LP: serous gland (Bowman gland, olfactory gland)
Epithelium
Figure 17-6: Ciliated respiratory epithelium
ciliated cell
• with cilia
• To provide a sweeping motion from the farthest reaches towards larynx
→terminal bronchioles
• Function:
inspire air (cleaned, moistened,
warmed)
Respiratory portion respiratory bronchioles
→alveolar duct →alveolar sac → alveoli
1.Nasal cavity (study by yourself)
vestibular region
pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎英文带教 ppt课件
• Viruses病毒
fung-
真菌
fungoid似真菌的，状的[fʌŋgɔɪd] 、fungicide杀真菌 剂[fʌngɪsaɪd]
myc-
2024/4/24
霉菌
mycoology霉菌学，真菌学 antimycotic抗真菌的
Respiratory System
Classification分类
neutrophils 中性粒细胞的氧化代谢
2024/4/24
Respiratory System
鼻炎
Sinus/-itis ['saɪnə'saɪtɪs]
鼻窦炎
咽炎
Pharyng/-itis [.færɪn'dʒaɪtɪs]
咽炎
Laryng/-itis [lærɪn'dʒaɪtɪs] 喉炎
Bronch/-itis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs] 支气管炎
Muc(o)Slime
Myx(o)-
Bronch (o)-
bronchi
2024/4/24
Mucoid['mju:kɔɪd]粘液样的 mucociliary[mju:kəʊ'sɪlɪərɪ] 黏液纤毛 的 mucositis[m'ju:kɒsaɪtɪs] 黏膜炎
Myxoma[mɪks'əʊmə]粘液瘤 myxobacteria[mɪksəbæk'tɪərɪə] 黏细菌 myxiod粘液样的
Pulmo( o)-
Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]肺的,肺病的
Pathobiology[pæθəbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] 病理学 Pathogen[‘pæθədʒən]病原体
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The Nose 鼻
External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi Nasal cavity –divided
into two halves by nasal septum
Two parts:
Divided by limen nasi 鼻阈
Nasal vestibule
Proper nasal cavity
Boundaries
Roof－cribriform plate of ethmoid
Floor－hard palate Medial wall－nasal septum
Lateral wall
Nasal conchae: superior, middle and inferior
Vocal process anteriorly, site of posterior attachment of vocal fold
Muscular process
Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic cartilage situated behind the root of the tongue
Nasal meatus: superor, middle and inferior
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡
Mucous membrane of nose
Olfactory region嗅区: located upper nasal cavity, above superior， nasal conchae，contains olfactory cells
Respiratory region 呼吸区: its function is to warm, moisten, and clean the inspired air
The Respiratory System
Composition
Respiratory tract Nose Pharynx upper respiratory tract Larynx Trachea lower respiratory tract Bronchi
Lungs-paired organs of respiration Function: supply the body with oxygen and to get rid of excess carbon dioxide resulting from cell metabolism
Layngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage Laryngeal prominence at
base of thyroid notch Superior thyroid notch,
superior and inferior cornua Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage
Site of drainage Middle meatus via infundibulum Middle meatus through semilunar hiatus Sphenoethmoidal recess
Middle meatus Middle meatus Superior nasal meatus
Frontal sinus Ethmoidal sinuses
Maxillary sinus
Sphenoid sinus
The Larynx 喉
Position－situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone), and extends from vertebral level of C4 to C6
Quadrangular membrane 方形膜
Between epiglottic, thyroid and arytenoid es
Lower free border forms vestibular ligament 前庭韧带
Conus elasticus 弹性圆锥
The paranasal sinuses and their site of drainage into the nose
Name of sinus
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Sphenoid sinus
Ethmoidal sinuses anterior group middle group posterior group
(shaped like a signet ring) Arch of cricoid cartilage－at
level of C6 Larnina of cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid 杓状软骨
Paired, pyramid shaped, articulate with lamina of cricoid cartilage
Laryngeal joints cricothyroid joint cricoarytenoid joint Laryngeal ligaments and membrane Thyrohyroid membrane 甲状舌骨膜－extending from hyoid
bone to thyroid cartilage
Between arytenoids, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages
Upper free border forms vocal ligament 声韧带