B2U2-4被动语态概要

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
(be+V.P.P)
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的 过去分词”构成, 助动词be有人称、数 的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词 时一样。如: The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.
They make shoes in that factory.
are Shoes
made by them.
were
何时使用被动语态呢？
一、行为主体不明确, 不必说出或者无法 说出动作的执行者时。如：
Football is played all over the world．
二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的 执行者时。如：
4.They will finish the work in ten days.
The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+ (not) be+过去分词
3. Amy can take good care of the cat．
语法归纳
被动语态
(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
过去一进般行现时在时 awma/sis//waerere+dboenineg+done 现在一完般成过时去时 whaass//whearvee+bdeoenne+done 过去一完般成将时来时 whiall/dshbaelel nb+e+dodnoene 将来过完去成将时来时 wwoiull/lsdhbaell+hdaovneebeen+done 过去现将在来进完行成时时 awmo/uisl/darheavbeibnege+nd+odnoene
e.g. Peing Opera ___s_o_u_n_d_s_ (sound) beautiful. 3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候， 不用被动语态 。
e.g. The pen __w_r_i_te_s____(write) very fast. This kind of sweater s_e_l_ls____(sell) well.
现在进行时： S+ am/is /are(not) +being+过去分词
5. The experts have studied the plan for three times.
The plan has been studied by the experts for three years.
现在完成时： S+ have/has / (not) +been+过去分词
7. He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.
The motorbike is ridden to his factory (by him) every day.
1. 带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。当把直接宾语 改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词: to for.
“三变”:
主
原句主语变为by短语
动
宾语变为主语
语
谓语由主动变为被动
态 “三不变”:
变
原句意原句主谓宾以外成分不变。
语 They are building nine parks. 态 →Nine parks are being built by them.
→How many parks are being built?
Grammar
Passive Voice
英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice)
A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
We planted the tree.
B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
The tree was planted by us.
The cat can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+ 过去分词
4. Look! Their aunt are taking care of the children.
Look! The children are being taken care of by their aunt.
句型转换
1. The manager made them work 10 hours a day. They were made to work 10 hours a day. 2. A new teacher will teach us next term. We will be taught by a new teacher.
Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语)+am/is /are(not) +过去分词
2. They bought ten computers last year．
Ten computers were bought (by them) last year. 一般过去时： S+was/were(not) +过去分词
如：give be given to 此类动词还有： pass /show /send… 再如： buy be bought for Make/ draw/ cook /mend…
2. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语， 改成被动语态时，to必须还原。
The manager made them work 10 hours a day. They were made to work 10 hours a day.
1. 不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。如:happen、take place 、
appear...
e.g. A traffic accident ___h_a_p_p__e_n_e_d_(happen) just now.
2. 连系动词（Link.v.)不用被动语态。如：be、look、 seem、 feel、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become…
四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。如： Tina is asked to come by Paul． Tina是被Paul叫来的。 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如： He was born in October, 1989．
1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语
We speak
主语
谓语
English. 主动语态
宾语
English is spoken by us. 被动语态
主语
谓语
宾语
They cleaned the classroom yesterday.
The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.
The Structure is
My bike was stolen．我的自行车被盗了。
三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说” “大家说”等时。如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and …… It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知…… It is well known that … 据推测说…… It is supposed that …
1.规则动词的过去分词：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed 2)以不发音e结尾的加-d 3)以辅音加y结尾的, 去y变i加-ed 4)以重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母, 先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ed
watch---watched study---studied
practice---practiced stop---stopped
在改写中应注意： 1. 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态
的主语; 2. 把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3. 主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
主变被解题步骤:
1. 找宾语 ----即动作的承受者
2. 判断宾语的单复数 ----即be动词的单复数. 3. 判断动词的时态 ----即be动词的时态. 4. 修改谓语的时态 ----即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语 ----即by+ 主语.
2.不规则动词的过去分词：
am
have
do done
is been
had write written
are
has
go gone
典型题例 例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day.
Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.
句型转换
5. The shop has repaired my computer very quickly. My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly.
6. The workers are painting the house now. The house is being painted by the workers now.