立式钻床主轴系统数控改造的设计

摘要

目前中国企业中机床设备老化，不能满足新技术、新工艺的生产要求。本文重点介绍Z5140A型台式钻床的数控改装方案和单片机系统设计，将传统的机械与现有的数控技术相结合，使其具有自动进给功能，为企业进行设备的数控化改造提供了一种有效可行的途径。

现有的Z5140A型台式钻床经改造后提高了加工精度，扩大了机床的使用范围，并提高了生产率。本论文说明了普通钻床的数控化改造的设计过程，较详尽地介绍了Z5140A机械传动部分的设计及数控系统部分的设计。

通过该改造计划,改造后的Z5140A型钻床具备数控机床的精度要求，自动化柔性生产的能力。机床整体能力达到预期的要求。Z5140A数控钻床主要用于加工各种孔及平面和曲面的铣削。它集中了立式钻床和铣床的功能。数控钻床需要很少人工操作，也没有机械操作元件如手柄、摇把等。该钻床如同其他CNC钻床，全部工作循环是在微机数控系统控制下实现的。车削对象改变后，只需改变相应的软件就可适应新的需要。由于利用的床身、立柱等基础件都是重而坚固的铸造构件，而不是那种焊接构件，改造后的机床性能高、质量好，可以作为新设备继续使用多年。但是受到原来机械结构的限制，不宜做突破性的改造。

关键词：数控机床；滚珠丝杠；数控系统

Abstract

At present,Machine tools made in China is aging and can not meet the requirements of new technologies and new processes of production. This paper focuses on the NC Z5140A-type drill press conversion programs and MCU system design. Combining the traditional machines with the CNC technology, it can realize automatically feed function and provides a feasible and effective way for the enterprise of equipment's transformation with NC.

Existing Z5140-type drill press improves the machining accuracy, expands the scope of machine use and increases the productivity after transformation. This paper describes the design process of the transformation of the general drilling with NC, introduces the design of the Z5140A mechanical transmission part and numerical control system part in detail.

After the transformation plan, Z5140A-type drill transformed has the accuracy requirement of CNC machine tools and the automatic flexible production capacity. Machine tools achieve the desired overall capacity requirements. Z5140A CNC drilling machine is mainly used for processing a variety of holes and planar and surface milling. It contains the vertical drilling and milling function. CNC drilling and milling machine requires very little manual operation and no operation of machinery components such as handles, crank and so on. As with other CNC drilling of the drilling machine, all of the cyclic work is completed under the control of the computer numerical control system.

As turning object changes, just change the corresponding software to adapt to new needs. Because lathebed, column and other basic items are heavy and casting equipments but not the welded components, machine tools transformed has higher performance and better quality, which can be used as a new equipment for years. However, limited by the mechanical structure of the original, it can not be transformed revolutionarily.

Key Word：Numerical Control Machine Tools ; Ball Screw; CNC System

目录

摘要 ........................................ - 1 -Abstract ...................................... - 2 -1绪论......................................... - 6 -

1.1 立式钻床的概述............................................................................................ - 6 -

1.2 数控立式钻床的发展.................................................................................... - 6 -

1.3 立式钻床数控化改造的市场 ....................................................................... - 8 -

1.3.1 机床数控化改造的市场...................................................................... - 8 -

1.3.2 立式钻床简介...................................................................................... - 9 -

1.4床数控化改造的内容及优缺点 .................................................................. - 10 -

1.4.1数控化改造的内容............................................................................. - 10 -

1.4.2 立式钻床数控化改造的优缺点........................................................ - 11 -2主传动系统的设计............................ - 12 -

2.1 立式钻床数控化改造设计任务 ................................................................. - 12 -

2.2 总体方案的确定.......................................................................................... - 13 -

2.2.1 Z向步进电机与进给滚珠丝杠的联结 ............................................. - 13 -

2.2.2 传动形式的选择................................................................................ - 15 -

2.2.3 滚珠丝杠副的参数............................................................................ - 16 -

2.2.4 滚珠丝杠副的组成及特点................................................................ - 17 -

2.2.5 滚珠丝杠副的典型结构类型............................................................ - 17 -

2.2.6 滚珠丝杠的支撑形式选择................................................................ - 19 -

2.3 Z向进给滚珠丝杠副的计算与校核 ................................................... - 22 -

2.3.1主轴钻削力计算................................................................................. - 22 -

2.3.2滚珠丝杠副的选择计算..................................................................... - 23 -

2.3.3选择步进电动机................................................................................. - 26 -

2.4 电主轴选用、冷却与润滑 ......................................................................... - 30 -

2.4.1 电主轴的概述.................................................................................... - 30 -

2.4.2 电主轴的冷却与润滑........................................................................ - 33 -

2.4.3 电主轴的选用.................................................................................... - 35 -3数控系统电路设计............................ - 37 -

3.1绘制系统电气控制的结构框图 .................................................................. - 37 -