中南大学2008级博士生英语考试试卷

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考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编59(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1.Nobody knew how he came up with this______ idea about the trip.(2004年清华大学考博试题)A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird正确答案:D解析:本句空格处意为“提出这个怪主意”。

weird的意思是“怪异的”,与句意相符。

而“weary疲倦的:twilight模糊的;unanimous意见一致的”都不正确。

2.An old woman was badly hurt in ______the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack.(2003年复旦大学考博试题)A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whatever正确答案:C解析:本题也可以用“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”来表达。

因此,能代替an accident that的只有what。

3.He thought I was lying, ______ I was telling the truth.A.hithertoB.henceforthC.whereasD.nevertheless正确答案:C解析:whereas conj.(表示对比关系)然而,但是,尽管(如:One arrived promptly,whereas the others were late.Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.)。

中国社会科学院2008年3月博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析 (12年印版)

中国社会科学院2008年3月博士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案解析  (12年印版)
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2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.In a materialistic and______society people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.A.adaptiveB.addictiveC.acquisitiveD.arrogant正确答案:C解析:各项的意思是:adaptive适应的;addictive上瘾的;acquisitive想获得的,有获得可能性的,可学到的;arrogant傲慢的,自大的。

2.Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live______.A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously正确答案:B解析:各项的意思是:subtly敏锐地,精细地,巧妙地;frugally节约地,节省地;explicitly明白地,明确地;cautiously慎重地。

3.Doctors must inform______parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.A.protectiveB.respectiveC.prospectiveD.perspective正确答案:C解析:各项的意思是:protective给予保护的,保护的;respective分别的,各自的;prospective预期的;perspective透视面法,透视图。

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷.doc

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷.doc

2008年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分:206.00,做题时间:90分钟)1.Section A(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man" s absence.A.A thoracic case.B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.A.In the housing office on campus.B.In the downtown hotel.C.At the rental agency.D.In the nursing home.A.Thrilled.B.Refreshed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.C.To cruise, even without his friends.D.To take a flight to the Maldives instead.A.He" s got a revert.B.He" s got nausea.C.He" s got diarrhea.D.He" s got a runny nose.A.To suture the man" s wound.B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man" s wound.D.To take a closer look at the man" s wound.A.Mr. Lindley had got injured.B.Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend" s truck in the river.A.The patient will not accept the doctor" s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.A.It was more expensive than the original price.B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.A.Excited.B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.A.She regrets buying the car.B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the ear.D.This is the car she has been wanting.A.He is seriously ill.B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure.2.Section B(分数:10.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________A.He has got bowel cancerB.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.A.To have a colonoscopy.B.To seek a second opinionC.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.A.A pretty minor surgery.B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.A.Thankful.B.Admiring.C.Resentful.D.Respectful.A.It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.it was given according to the man" s actual condition.D.it was effective because of a proper intervention.A.Smoking and lung Cancer.B.Lung cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit Smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.A.Current smokers exclusively.B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problem.D.At age 40 or over.A.156.B.269.C.7498D.9427A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.A.A hobby.B.The whole world.C.A learning experience.D.A career to earn a riving.A.Her legs were broken.B.Her arms were broken.C.Her shoulders were severely injured.D.Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.A.She learned a foreign language.B.She learned to make friendsC.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned living skills.A.She worked as skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in the clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten.B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.3.Section A(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________4.I am afraid that you" 11 have to______the deterioration of the condition.(分数:2.00)A.account forB.call forC.look forD.make for5.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous______of your time to the nursing home.(分数:2.00)A.afflictionB.alternativeC.allocationD.alliance6.Every product is______tested before being put into the market.(分数:2.00)A.expensivelyB.exceptionallyC.exhaustivelyD.exclusively7.Having clean hands is one of the______rules when preparing food.(分数:2.00)A.potentB.conditionalC.inseparableD.cardinal8.The educators should try hard to develop the______abilities of children.(分数:2.00)A.cohesiveB.cognitiveC.collectiveic9.Mortgage______had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.(分数:2.00)A.defectsB.deficitsC.defaultsD.deceptions10.The symptoms may be______by certain drugs.(分数:2.00)A.exaggeratedB.exacerbatedC.exceededD.exhibited11.Her story was a complete______from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.(分数:2.00)A.facilityB.fascinationC.fabricationD.faculty12.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out______.(分数:2.00)A.salvageB.safeguardC.sabotageD.sacrifice13.The government always______on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.(分数:2.00)A.takes upB.cheeks upC.works outD.looks into14.Section B(分数:2.00)__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.(分数:2.00)A.boostedernedC.clarifiedD.pioneered16.Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.(分数:2.00)A.realisticB.sensitiveC.reasonableD.sensational17.The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration .(分数:2.00)A.recognitionB.sincerityC.heritageD.honor18.I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .(分数:2.00)A.perfectB.exquisiteC.uniqueD.necessary19.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.(分数:2.00)A.instanceB.indicatorC.appearanceD.option20.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.(分数:2.00)A.arduousB.demandingC.potentD.continuous21.The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.(分数:2.00)A.practicableB.reliableC.flexibleD.responsible22.Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.(分数:2.00)A.esteemB.appreciateC.evaluateD.approve23.The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .(分数:2.00)A.chillyB.dismalC.promisingD.fanatic24.These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.(分数:2.00)A.ensuredB.minedC.achievedD.influenced五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数:1,分数:20.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely【C1】______, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 【C2】______a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】______of a person" s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whetheror not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4】______This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 【C5】______we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6】______, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】______intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 【C8】______now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】______birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】______that people who live in close contact with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.(分数:20.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.quiteB.enoughC.sureD.so(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.out ofB.intoC.from withinD.off(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.amountsB.qualitiesC.limitsD.scores(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.dispositionB.perceptionC.endowmentD.environment(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.in advanceB.for effectC.at randomD.under way(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.similarB.variousC.appropriateD.inborn(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.LookB.BelieveC.SuggestD.Imagine(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.andB.or ratherC.as well asD.but for(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.factB.eventC.conditionD.environment六、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数:6,分数:60.00)Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean" s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren" t enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.(分数:10.00)(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?(分数:2.00)A.High mortality rate of immune rejectionB.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplantD.A shortage of human organs(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it______.(分数:2.00)A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.(分数:2.00)A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.(分数:2.00)A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed(5).The information the passage carries is______.(分数:2.00)A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualThere is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults —-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.(分数:10.00)(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.(分数:2.00)A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD.the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.(分数:2.00)A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.(分数:2.00)A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.(分数:2.00)A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?(分数:2.00)A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.Women find a masculine face—with a large jaw and a prominent brow—-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, according to a study published in the June 24 NATURE. Before, during, and use after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more "feminine" male faces, the researchers report. " Other studies of female preference, mainly for odors, show changes across the menstrual cycle ," says lead author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. " We thought it would be interesting to look at visual preferences and see if they changed also". The researchers showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasized masculine or feminine facial features to differing degrees. The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase. The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experiment. The cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says. The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle. Another 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining attractiveness, Penton-Voak says. Men whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as " kinder" men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes. He cautions, however, that research hasn"t yet shown a link between a woman" s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior.(分数:10.00)(1).The researchers made a study on______.(分数:2.00)A.women" s menstrual cycleB.men" s preferred female imagesC.women" s visual preferences of menD.men" s masculine and feminine features(2).Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when they______.(分数:2.00)A.grow to be more feminineB.are on oral contraceptivesC.are ready for conceptionD.are on menstruation(3).It was found in Britain that women" s preferred male images were influenced by______.(分数:2.00)A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycleD.the term or relationship they seek(4).Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle, as Pen-ton-Voak implies, does not mean that______.(分数:2.00)A.visual preferences do existB.a woman acts this way is realityC.a man will buy into the phenomenonD.men and women prefer the same image(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?(分数:2.00)A.Does a woman judge from a man" s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?WELL—do they or don"t they? For years, controversy has raged over whether the electromagnetic fields produced by power lines could cause cancer especially leukemia in young children. But in Britain last week confusion reached new heights. One team from Bristol announced that it had evidence to back a controversial but plausible theory which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(electric fields attract airborne pollutants). Only to be followed by the release of results by another group in London which suggested there is nothing to worry about. What is going on? Actually, the confusion may be more apparent than real. There can be no doubt that the effects of power lines on water droplets, pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered by the Bristol team are real and interning. But to suggest that they have anything to do with leukemia in children is premature. The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny, and it is not obvious why radon, a gas normally associated with lung cancer—would cause leukemia in children. The second study, which drew reassuring blank, is the world" s biggest ever probe of the statistical link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. It is one of several recent studies that have failed to find a link. Unlike earlier research, these newer studies involved going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields. The fields they measured included input from major power lines if they were. Which is not to say the research is perfectly. Critics argue that Britain" s childhood cancer study, for example, has not yet taken into account the surges in exposure that might come from, say, switching appliances on and off. And some people might wonder why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure in last week" s study. But neither criticism amounts to a fatal blow. Electrical fields cannot penetrate the body significantly, for example. A more serious concern is whether the British research provides an all-clear signal for such countries as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore produce higher magnetic fields. Pedants(书呆子)would conclude that it doesn" t. But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. In Britain the latest epidemiological study can be taken as the final word on the matter. If the electromagnetic fields in British homes can in some unforeseen way increase the risk of cancer, we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.(分数:10.00)(1).Both the question "Well—do they or don"t they?" and the question "What is going on?" suggest ______.(分数:2.00)A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent of bewilderment among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London(2).What would the author say of the results of the first study?(分数:2.00)A.Enlightening.B.Insignificant.C.Reassuring.D.Apparent.(3).What can be suggested from the results of the second study?(分数:2.00)A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.C.There is nothing to worry about as to power lines.D.There is no link between the first and second study.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the British outcomes______.(分数:2.00)A.are expected to convince nobody but pedantsB.were found to have left much room for doubtC.could have implications in such countries as the USD.will be consistent with the Japanese ones in the near future(5).To conclude, the author______.(分数:2.00)A.reassures us of the reliability of the latest research in BritainB.asks for improved measurements for such an investigationC.points out the drawbacks of the latest research in BritainD.urges further investigations on the issueSmoking causes wrinkles by upsetting the body" s mechanism for renewing skin, say scientists in Japan. Dermatologists say the finding confirms the long-held view that smoking ages skin prematurely. Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. The first breaks-down old skin while the second makes new skin. The body breaks down the old skin with enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs, They chop up the fibers that form collagen(胶原质)—the connective tissue that makes up around 80 percent of normal skin. Akimichi Morita and his colleagues at Nagoya City University Medical School suspected that smoking disrupted the body" s natural process of breaking down old skin and renewing it. To test their idea, they first made a solution of cigarette smoke by pumping smoke through a saline(盐的)solution. Smoke was sucked from cigarettes for two seconds every minute. Tiny drops of this smoke solution were added to dishes of human fibroblasts, the skin cells that produce collagen. After a day in contact with smoke solution, the researchers tested the skin cells, to see how much collagen-degrading MMP they were making. Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. Morita also tested the skin cells to see how much new collagen they were producing. He found that the smoke caused a drop in the production of fresh collagen by up to 40 percent. He says that this combined effect of degrading collagen more rapidly and producing less new collagen is probably what causes premature skin ageing in smokers, in both cases, the more concentrated the smoke solution the greater the effect on collagen. " This suggests the amount of collagen is important for skin ageing," he says. "It looks like less collagen means more wrinkle formation". Morita doesn" t know if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. But he plans to confirm his findings by testing skin samples from smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. "So far we" ve only done this in the lab. " he says. " We don"t know exactly what happens in the body yet that might take some time. " Other dermatologists are impressed by file work. "This is fascinating," says Lawrence Parish. Director of the Centre for International Dermatology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. This confirms scientifically what we"ve long expected, he says. "Tobacco smoke is injurious to skin. "(分数:10.00)(1).Healthy skin lies in______.(分数:2.00)A.a well-kept balance between two working processesB.the two processes of breaking down skin cellsC.a fine balance in the number of cigarettesD.the two steps of forming collagen(2).For the Japanese scientists, to test their idea is______.(分数:2.00)A.to verify the aging of human beingsB.to find out the mechanism of renewing skinC.to prove the two processes of wrinkle formationD.to confirm the hazards of smoking proven otherwise(3).The Japanese scientists tested their idea using______.(分数:2.00)A.MMPs to form fresh collagenB.cigarette smoke to contaminate skin cellsC.human fibroblasts to produce fresh collagenD.non-smokers to be exposed to cigarette smoke(4).As inferred from Morita" s results, smoking______.(分数:2.00)A.could stimulate tile production of fresh collagenB.is unlikely to promote the production of MMPC.tends to cause skin to age prematurelyD.may cause collagen to die by 60%(5).Monrita implies that his findings______.(分数:2.00)A.took less time than expectedB.were hard to accept in dermatologyC.were not exclusively based on the labD.need to be further verified in the human bodyToday, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to an urban referral center has produced some disappointing surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold"(his first name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army—but Dad never has been "Harold" except to those who really don"t know him. Telephone callers at our family home who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. Dad doesn" t correct his physicians or the office receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly confident and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal failure and dialysis treatments , his stroke and his constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family, part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky operation at his advanced age was because his wife and sisters still need his protective support. With so much at risk, he faced thislife-threatening challenge in a city far away from his home and friends and in a place where he is greeted as "Harold. "(分数:10.00)(1).The author relates the story______.(分数:2.00)A.from a consumer" s point of viewB.with a view to punctuating patient rightsC.according to his own standards of health careD.based on his own unpleasant medical treatment(2).Apparently the author" s father______.(分数:2.00)A.did not like to be called by the first nameB.was not well taken care of as expectedC.was mistaken for somebody elseD.was treated like a businessman(3).As the author implies his father______.(分数:2.00)A.encountered so many impolite physiciansB.did nothing but kept quiet in the hospitalC.accepted the way he was greetedD.had his diagnosis made wrongly。

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1My Big Brother's Really Hard TestHi! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. I'm in 3rd grade at Sunshine Elementary School. My big brother David is 24 and he's trying to get into a PhD program at a university called University of Central South in China. It's a really good school for studying science and engineering.Last weekend, David had to take this giant exam called the PhD entrance exam. It looked super duper hard! The exam had sections on listening, reading, writing, and translating between Chinese and English. David studied like crazy for weeks before the test.For the listening part, David had to listen to recordings in English of lectures and conversations. Then he had to answer questions about the main ideas and details he heard. Some of the recordings were about really complicated topics like quantum physics and bioengineering. I tried listening to one of David's practice recordings and it was all just篇2The Big Test for the Really Smart StudentsMy big sister is so smart! She is in university studying to be a doctor or scientist or something. She has to take all sorts of really hard tests. I don't know how she does it. Tests are the worst!The other day, she was telling me and my parents about this huge English test she has to take soon. It's called the PhD English Exam or something like that. PhD must mean "Pretty Hard Doozy" because that's what it sounds like to me!She said it's a requirement for all the students working on their highest degree thingy, like a master's but even higher. I can't imagine having to take a test that big after being in school for so many years already. No thank you!My sister explained that the test has different sections to show you really know English well. There's a listening part where you hear conversations or talks and have to answer questions about the main ideas and details.Then there's a reading section with long passages on serious topics. You need to understand the passages and answerquestions that check if you truly comprehended the main points, structures, and implied meanings. It sounds super hard to me.There are also writing tasks where you have to write essays and summarize information from readings or lectures. My sister said you get judged on your vocabulary, grammar, organization, and how well you support your ideas. Writing has always been one of my biggest struggles in school.But the part that sounds most scary to me is the speaking section! Can you imagine having to speak English in an official test environment? My sister described having to give speeches and respond to questions, all while being recorded. I'd be shaking like a tiny mouse!On top of those sections, there are parts that test your knowledge of grammar rules, sentence structures, and academic vocabulary. My sister has been studying reference books full of terms I've never even heard of. I don't know how she keeps it all straight in her brilliant brain.From what she's told me, it's a marathon test that takes hours to complete. You need incredible stamina along with your language skills. My mom jokes that they should give test-takers little treadmills to walk on so they don't fall asleep!I admire my sister for tackling such an immense challenge. She has always been driven and never shies away from hard work. Still, thinking about that exam makes my head spin. I don't know if the reward of getting credit for the test and moving on in the program is worth all that pressure and difficulty.Then again, I'm just a kid. My biggest tests are my weekly spelling quizzes and hoping I bubbled in the right answers on my math homework. For university students like my big sis who want to earn the highest degrees, conquering the PhD English Exam is just par for the course.I'm rooting for her because I know she's got the brainpower and dedication to knock it out of the park. But you couldn't pay me a million dollars to walk a mile in her shoes! Maybe when I'm older, I'll appreciate academic challenges more. For now, I'll stick to my times tables and thank my lucky stars I don't have to face the "Pretty Hard Doozy" of an English test anytime soon.Those university-level assignments sound harder than climbing Mount Everest! I'll leave the extreme scholarly feats to my sister the super-achiever. I'm sticking to snack times, recess, and hopefully passing third grade. Wish my poor, overstressed sister lots of luck because she's gonna need it!篇3My Big Brother's Hard English TestMy big brother is so smart! He's in university studying really difficult things to become a doctor. But before he can get his special doctor degree, he has to pass this crazy hard English test. It's called the Doctoral English Exam and it's given at his school, Central South University.I'm only 10 years old, but I've heard my brother talking about how stressful this test is. He's been studying English reallyreally hard for months! He has to know all sorts of big vocabulary words that I've never even heard of. And he has to be able to read papers and books from scientists and professors and understand everything they're saying. It's a lot harder than the simple English books I read in school!My brother lets me look through some of his English study materials sometimes. There are chapters upon chapters of scientific words about math, chemistry, biology, and everything else. Reading it makes my head spin! How is anyone supposed to learn the meaning of words like "biochemical" or "thermodynamic"? They sound like spells from Harry Potter! Mybrother has entire lists of these crazy vocabulary words that he has to memorize.Then there are the practice tests he has to take. They give him long passages from research papers and science journals, and he has to answer all of these complicated questions about the main ideas, the evidence used, the author's views and assumptions, and more. He shows me the reading passages sometimes and I can't make any sense of them at all! It's like they're written in code.And that's not even the hardest part of the exam! My brother also has to write a paper in perfect English, using proper academic language and formating. He has been practicing his writing over and over, making sure every single word is used accurately. Mom and dad proofread his practice essays but they always find tons of little mistakes. You can't have any errors at all on this big important test!The exam also has a listening section where my brother has to understand recordings of lectures and conversations between professors. He struggles a lot with that part because the speakers use such advanced vocabulary and speak really fast with complicated sentence structures. My brother makes me read thelistening transcripts out loud to him sometimes to practice, but I always stumble over the words and can't read smoothly.I really feel bad for my big brother. He has been working himself to the bone studying for this insane English test. I don't know how he keeps it all straight in his head! Every night he's hunched over his desk with his face buried in books and notebooks, writing and re-writing practice essays and vocabulary lists. When he's not studying, he looks exhausted.This doctoral English exam is definitely no joke. I can't even imagine having to know that much English when I'm older! Part of me is jealous of how smart and hard-working my brother is. But another part of me is really glad that I'm just a kid and don't have to worry about anything as difficult as this test anytime soon. I'll just be happy learning simple English reading and writing in elementary school for now. My brother is the real English superhero in our family!Everyone has been cheering him on as he gets closer to his test day. We're all rooting for him and know he's going to do awesome. He's been preparing for so long, it would be a shame for all his effort to go to waste. I really look up to him for being able to tackle something as challenging as this English exam. He's going to make our family so proud when he passes!篇4My Big Sister's Big TestHi! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. I love playing outside, reading books, and eating ice cream. But today I want to tell you about something really important that happened to my big sister Amy.Amy is 24 years old and she just finished her master's degree in chemistry at Central South University. That's a really good school in Changsha, which is a big city in China. After getting her master's, Amy decided she wanted to continue studying and get her PhD, which is the highest degree you can get!To get into the PhD program at Central South University, Amy had to take a really difficult exam called the entrance exam for PhD candidates. It had sections testing her English ability, her knowledge of chemistry, and her research skills. Amy studied super hard for months to prepare.The exam was last Saturday and Amy was really nervous leading up to it. The night before, she laid out her pencils, erasers, calculator, water bottle, and snacks on the kitchen table. She wanted to make sure she was totally ready. I remember her pacing back and forth, mumbling chemistry equations under herbreath. My parents kept telling her "You've got this Amy! You're so prepared!"On the morning of the exam, we all got up really early. My dad made Amy's favorite breakfast - an omelet with peppers, onions, and cheese. Amy's hands were shaking as she forced a few bites down. You could tell she had butterflies doingloop-de-loops in her stomach.The exam was held at the Central South University chemistry building, which is this huge fancy place with tons of labs. As we pulled up, I saw hundreds of people streaming inside holding pencil cases and water bottles. They all looked just as nervous as Amy.My mom, dad, and I went with Amy to the registration desk to get her testing room assignment. The lady working there was very stern looking. "Candidate number 4521, testing room 327B," she barked at Amy. Amy gulped and gave us a scared look. We pulled her into a big family hug. "You're going to do great! We love you!" my mom whispered.Then it was time for Amy to go in. She straightened her shoulders, took a deep breath, and strode towards the testing rooms looking determined. We waited outside for what felt like forever!Finally, after six looooong hours, Amy emerged from the building. She looked exhausted but had a little smile on her face. We ran over and smothered her with hugs and kisses. "How did it go? How did it go?" we all shouted. Amy laughed, "It was so hard! That English reading section almost killed me. But I feel like I did pretty well overall!"We went out for Amy's favorite dumplings that night to celebrate her pushing through the big test. She had to wait a few weeks to get her results, but she felt good about it. Sure enough, a few weeks later Amy got the great news that she passed and was admitted to the PhD program! We were all so proud.Now Amy is hard at work on her PhD research. She spends many late nights in the lab running experiments and analyzing data. Sometimes she comes home looking like a zombie from being so tired. But she's living her dream of becoming a chemical researcher.I hope I can be as hard-working and dedicated as my big sister Amy when I grow up. She inspires me to follow my passions and never give up, no matter how difficult the challenge. I'm so proud of her for passing that big entrance exam through all her preparation and perseverance. Maybe I'll be a PhD student at Central South University too someday!篇5The Big Grown-Up TestHi! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. I have to tell you about this really crazy thing that happened to me last week. It was the craziest, most bonkers thing ever!You see, my big sister Mei is a super smart PhD student at Central South University. She's getting her super duper genius degree in microbiology, which is the study of tiny little germs that you can't even see unless you have a really powerful microscope. Isn't that crazy?Anyway, last week Mei had to take this gigantic, huge, enormo test called the "PhD English Examination." It's supposed to be like the most difficult English test in the whole world for people trying to get their PhD. Mei studied super hard for weeks and weeks, reading big heavy books and making notecards and everything.She told me the test was going to be four whole hours long! Can you imagine? I can't even sit still for the one-hour monthly tests we take at my elementary school. Four hours of just reading and writing in English sounds like literal torture to me. But Iguess if you want to get a PhD, you have to be a super genius and take tests like that.The morning of the test, Mei was very nervous. Her hands were shaking as she put on her lucky hair ribbon and packed her pencils and eraser in her backpack. I thought it was funny that a grown-up still used a backpack, but I guess everyone needs somewhere to put their stuff."Don't worry, Mei!" I told her. "You're going to ace this test because you're the smartest person I know after Albert Einstein and Marie Curie."Mei gave me a big hug. "Thanks, squirt. Wish me luck!" And then she headed off to the university to face her big grown-up test.Well, four hours slowly ticked by. Four whole hours! I played outside, had a snack, took a tiny nap, and played some more, and Mei still wasn't home yet. I was starting to get a little worried about her.Finally, after what felt like a million years, Mei came trudging through the door. She looked like a zombie that had been through a tornado! Her hair was sticking up in all directions, her shirt was untucked, and she had huge bags under her eyes."Mei! Are you okay?" I rushed over to see if she needed a glass of water or a nap on the couch."I'm fine, Lily," Mei said in a croaky voice. "Just really, really tired. That test was...intense."Then she told me all about the different sections on the test. There was reading, where you had to read a billion passages about things like economics and biochemistry and answer mega hard comprehension questions.Then there was writing, where you had to write a gorillion word essay arguing whether smoking should be banned in public parks or whatever. Can you imagine? A gorillion words in four hours? My hand would fall off after writing that much!And those were just the start. Mei also had sections testing her listening skills, her verbal skills, her translation abilities, and even using English to present scientific research! It sounded positively grueling. No wonder Mei looked like a wet dishrag when she got home."So...how did it go?" I asked once Mei had gulped down a big glass of water. "Did you ace it and make me and Mom and Dad proud?"Mei shrugged her shoulders. "I don't know, Lily. I really don't know if I passed or not. It was just...so hard. I felt really prepared going in, but there were some sections and questions that completely stumped me. We don't get the results back for a couple months."For the next few months, Mei was a nervous wreck wondering if she had done well enough on the test. She kept imagining worst case scenarios where she failed and had tore-take the whole thing over again next year. I felt really bad for her.Finally, the long-awaited day arrived when Mei got her test results in the mail. She ripped open the envelope with shaking hands...and then broke into the biggest smile I've ever seen! She passed! She freaking passed the PhD English Examination!Mei scooped me up and swung me around in a huge hug. "I did it, Lily! Your big sister is going to be a PhD! All that hard work and effort paid off!"I was so proud of her. Getting through a crazy tough exam like that proved that Mei is one of the smartest, most dedicated people in the whole world. I just hoped that one day, if I ever decide to get a PhD myself, I'll be able to push through super difficult tests like that too.Although let's be honest...four hours of non-stop English? No thank you! I'll stick to the simple one-hour math tests where I am. But good job, Mei! You're amazing!篇6My Big Bro's Hard English TestHi! My name is Xiao Ming and I'm 8 years old. I'm in 3rd grade at Changsha No. 1 Elementary School. My big brother Da Wei is really smart - he's 24 and just finished his master's degree in English at Central South University. Now he wants to get his PhD there too!A few weeks ago, Big Bro had to take a huge English test to try to get into the PhD program. It was the craziest, hardest test I've ever seen! I watched him study for weeks. Let me tell you all about it.First, there was this reeeeeally long reading section. Big Bro had to read like 5 super duper long papers and articles - they looked soooo boring! They were about all sorts of complicated topics like linguistics, literature, philosophy, and history. After reading each one, he had to answer bunches of questions testing if he understood all the confusing details and main ideas. The questions were really hard too, asking him to analyze andcritique the authors' arguments and writing styles. I tried reading one of the passages but I could barely understand a word!Then there was this crazy listening section where Big Bro put on headphones and had to listen to some English lectures, conversations, and presentations. The audio clips were on all these mind-numbing topics again - society, environment, politics, blah blah blah. I fell asleep just listening for 5 minutes! But Big Bro had to keep taking notes while listening and then answer questions testing his comprehension, like picking out the speaker's opinions or the context of certain phrases and stuff. Sounded like torture to me!But that's not all - the test also had a writing section where Big Bro had to write two mega essays in English, one analyzing a piece of literature and one persuasive essay on some philosophical idea. He had to come up with his own arguments and interpretations, organize them clearly, and explain everything in perfect academic English using fancy vocabulary. When I write essays I can barely string a few sentences together, but Big Bro's essays had to be like 800 words each! And the graders would nitpick every little grammar and spelling mistake. No pressure or anything...Lastly, there was this oral section where Big Bro had to have an entire conversation and debate in English with some professors. They threw all these wacky prompts and hypothetical situations at him about random topics like history, culture, politics, you name it. And he had to respond smoothly and analytically, explaining his viewpoints using logic and evidence and junk. Just imagining all those intimidating professors firing questions at me made me want to crawl under my desk!Phew, I'm exhausted just describing this brutally hard test! Big Bro devoted every waking hour for over a month to prepping and practicing for each section. He was constantly reading, writing essays, doing listening drills, reciting speeches out loud, madly highlighting vocab lists, and chugging cups of coffee. By the end he looked like an exhausted zombie.But you know what? After weeks of basically torturing himself, Big Bro rocked that killer exam! His scores in every section were off-the-charts amazing. The professors were crazy impressed with his English skills - he got to demonstrate his total mastery of reading, writing, listening, and speaking at the highest academic level. Now he's been accepted into Central South University's incredibly competitive PhD program to continue his studies! Isn't that awesome?!All I know is, thank goodness I'm still in elementary school with years before I have to take any horrifyingly difficult tests like that. I'll just leave the suffering to my poor big brother while I play video games and dream of summer vacation. But I'm still super proud of Big Bro for being such a genius and working so unbelievably hard. I just hope they go a little easier on him in his PhD classes!。

2008医博统考听力题解析原文

2008医博统考听力题解析原文

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 % )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven' t had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let's begin with question number 1.1. A. It was called off unexpectedly.B. It raised more money than expected.C. It received fewer people than expected.D. It disappointed the woman for the man' s absence.2. A. A thoracic case. B. A nervous disorder.C. A stomach problem.D. A psychiatric condition.3. A. In the housing office on campus. B. In the downtown hotelC. At the rental agency.D. In the nursing home.4. A Thrilled. B. Refreshed. C. Exhausted. D. Depressed.5. A. To travel with his parents. B. To organize a picnic in the country.C. To cruise, even without his friends.D. To take a flight to the Maldives instead.6. A. He' s got a revert. B. He's got nausea.C. He' s got diarrhea.D. He' s got a runny nose.7. A. To suture the man's wound. B. To remove the bits of glass.C. To disinfect the man's wound.D. To take a closer look at the man's wound.8. A. Mr. Lindley had got injured. B. Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C. Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D. Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A. She will apply to Duke University.B. She will probably attend the University of Texas.C. She made up her mind to give up school for work.D. She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10. A. Her boyfriend broke up with her.B. She was almost run over by a truck.C. One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D. She dumped her boyfriend's truck in the river.11. A. The patient will not accept the doctor's recommendation.B. The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C. The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D. The medicine is not available to the patient.12. A. It was more expensive than the original price. B. It was given to the woman as a gift.C. It was the last article on sale.D. It was a good bargain.13. A. Excited. B. Impatient. C. Indifferent. D. Concerned,14. A. She regrets buying the car. B. The car just arrived yesterday.C. She will certainly not buy the ear.D. This is the car she has been wanting.15. A. He is seriously ill. B. His work is a mess.C. The weather is lousy this week.D. He has been working under pressure.Section BDirections: In this part you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. He has got bowel cancer B. He has got heart disease.C. He has got bone cancer.D. He has got heartburn.17. A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinionC. To be put on chemotherapy.D. To have his bowel removed.18. A. A pretty minor surgery. B. A normal life ahead of him.C. A miracle in his coming years.D. A life without any inconveniences.19. A. Thankful. B. Admiring. C. Resentful. D. Respectful.20. A. It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B. It was prescribed considering possible complications.C. it was given according to the man' s actual condition.D. it was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21. A. Smoking and lung Cancer. B. Lung cancer and the sexes.C. How to quit Smoking.D. How to prevent lung cancer.22. A. Current smokers exclusively. B. Second-hand smokers.C. With a lung problem.D. At age 40 or over.23. A. 156. B. 269. C. 7498. D. 9427.24. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB. Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C. Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D. When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.25. A. Lung cancer can be early detected.B. Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C. Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D. Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26. A. A hobby. B. The whole world.C. A learning experience.D. A career to earn a living.27. A. Her legs were broken.B. Her arms were broken.C. Her shoulders were severely injured.D. Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.28. A. She learned a foreign language, B. She learned to make friendsC. She learned to be a teacher.D. She learned living skills.29. A. She worked as skiing coach. B. She was a college instructor.C. She was a social worker in the clinic.D. She worked as elementary school teacher.30. A. Optimistic and hard-bitten. B. Pessimistic and cynical.C. Humorous and funny.D. Kind and reliable.Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected,可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。

博士学位英语考试真题及答案

博士学位英语考试真题及答案

博士学位英语考试真题及答案题目1:Which of the following statements is true about academic writing?A. It often uses informal language.B. It avoids using citations from other sources.C. It emphasizes clarity and precision.D. It does not require careful planning.答案:C题目2:The main purpose of a research paper is to ____.A. entertain the readerB. persuade the readerC. present new ideas or findingsD. describe personal experiences答案:C题目3:In academic writing, a citation is used to ____.A. add humor to the textB. support an argument with evidenceC. increase the word countD. make the text more creative答案:B题目4:When writing an abstract for a research paper, it is important to ____.A. include detailed experimental proceduresB. provide a summary of the main pointsC. discuss the limitations of the studyD. present personal opinions about the topic答案:B题目5:Plagiarism refers to the act of ____.A. copying someone else's work without proper citationB. using complex vocabulary to impress readersC. avoiding using citations in academic writingD. discussing personal opinions in a research paper答案:A题目6:In academic writing, a thesis statement is a sentence that ____.A. entertains the reader with a jokeB. presents the main argument or purpose of the paperC. provides background information about the topicD. discusses the limitations of previous research答案:B题目7:The passive voice is often used in academic writing to ____.A. sound more informalB. emphasize the actions of the subjectC. avoid mentioning who performed an actionD. make the text more creative答案:C题目8:Effective academic writing should be ____.A. vague and ambiguousB. concise and focusedC. full of unnecessary detailsD. written in a conversational style答案:B请注意,这些题目只是示例,并不代表真实的博士学位英语考试题目。

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Southern University Doctoral English ExamSection A: Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The project __________ a lot of time and effort, but it was worth it in the end.A. consumedB. reservedC. preservedD. delayed2. The new manager decided to __________ the company's policy on staff training.A. modifyB. adoptC. maintainD. disregard3. The team worked __________ to meet the deadline for the research paper.A. leisurelyB. swiftlyC. indiscriminatelyD. insincerely4. He has a __________ for finding solutions to complex problems.A. talentB. weaknessC. deficiencyD. disability5. The company's reputation was __________ damaged by the scandal.A. completelyB. slightlyC. moderatelyD. immenselySection B: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we live and work. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa toself-driving cars and automated factories, AI is becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives.One of the key benefits of AI is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately. This has led to significant advancements in fields such as medicine, finance, and transportation. AI algorithms can detect patterns in data that humans may overlook, leading to more accurate diagnoses, better investment decisions, and safer transportation systems.However, the rise of AI also raises concerns about job displacement and privacy. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, some worry that human workers will be replaced by robots and AI systems. Additionally, the collection and analysis of personal data by AI systems raise questions about privacy and data security.Despite these concerns, the potential of AI to revolutionize industries and improve our quality of life is undeniable. As AI technology continues to evolve, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical implications and ensure that AI is used responsibly for the benefit of society.Questions:1. What is one of the key benefits of AI mentioned in the passage?2. What are some of the concerns raised by the rise of AI?3. Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of AI?Section C: Writing (60 points)Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Education."In your essay, you should address the following points:- How has technology changed the way students learn?- What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom?- How can educators effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices?- What role do you think technology will play in the future of education?Remember to provide examples and evidence to support your arguments.以上是中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题的部分内容,希望对您有所帮助。

全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析

全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析

2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected,可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。

2. C 根据男士的话allowing acid content to flow into the esophagus(让酸性物质流进食道)可知这是关于胃的疾病。

3. A 根据女士的话I understand that this office helps students with housing,is that fight 可知这是校园内公寓管理办公室。

4. C 根据文中we've acted for hours,Let's get something to eat,We'd be able to feel better with a little nutrition(我们吃点东西就会好子)可知他们是筋疲力尽了。

5. C 根据文中you and some friends are organizing a cruise to Maldives以及Alone if I have to可知即使是没有朋友,他也会自己一个人去航行。

6. C 根据男士的话I'm afraid to have the runs(恐怕我拉肚子了)以及女士的话Are you going to the toilet often(你经常上厕所吗)可知男士的病是腹泻。

diarrhea腹泻。

revert返祖现象。

nausea恶心。

a running nose流鼻涕。

7. A 根据对话,女士已检查过男士的伤口,并清除了玻璃片,给伤口消过毒,根据女士的话The next thingI should do is to stitch you up可知下一件事是缝合男士的伤口。

2008级博士生考试试卷

2008级博士生考试试卷

English Test for Doctoral Candidates (A卷)Dec。

28,2008Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be spoken only once。

After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D, and decide which is the best answer。

Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I witha single line through the center。

1. A。

T ouch all his friends.B. Write a lot.C. Have a lot of time.D。

H ave a lot of friends。

2。

A。

T o work for a small company.B。

T o start a large company.C. To be independent.D。

T o graduate.3. A。

B uy a new car.B。

G o to a new store。

C。

F ind a new repair shop。

D. Take a different bus.4。

博士英语考试试题及答案

博士英语考试试题及答案

博士英语考试试题及答案一、词汇与语法(共20分)1. The word "innovate" is most closely related to which of the following?A. CreateB. ImitateC. CopyD. Duplicate答案:A2. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She don't like to go out in the rain.B. They has been working on the project for months.C. Neither of the students were prepared for the exam.D. The number of attendees is greater than expected.答案:D3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions:a) The book is _______ the shelf.b) She is _______ the committee since 2019.c) He is _______ the same opinion as his colleague.答案:a) onb) inc) of二、阅读理解(共30分)Passage 1[Text omitted for brevity]4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of education.B. The impact of technology on society.C. The role of communication in relationships.D. The benefits of a healthy lifestyle.答案:B5. According to the passage, which of the following is not a benefit of using technology?A. Improved efficiency.B. Enhanced communication.C. Increased isolation.D. Greater accessibility.答案:C6. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem mentioned in the passage?A. Limiting the use of technology.B. Encouraging more face-to-face interactions.C. Relying solely on traditional methods.D. Ignoring the issue altogether.答案:B三、完形填空(共20分)[Text omitted for brevity]7. In the context of the passage, what does the word "alleviate" most likely mean?A. To worsen.B. To reduce.C. To ignore.D. To exaggerate.答案:B8. Why does the author believe that the issue discussed is important?A. It affects a large number of people.B. It is a new and emerging problem.C. It has been overlooked by many.D. It is a personal concern of the author.答案:A9. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Negative Effects of Stress.B. Coping Strategies for Stress.C. The Causes of Stress in Modern Life.D. The Importance of Stress Management.答案:B四、翻译(共20分)10. Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese:"The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives."答案:技术快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2008年3月中国科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.In a materialistic and______society people’s interest seems to be focused solely on monetary pursuit.A.adaptiveB.addictiveC.acquisitiveD.arrogant正确答案:C解析:各项的意思是:adaptive适应的;addictive上瘾的;acquisitive想获得的,有获得可能性的,可学到的;arrogant傲慢的,自大的。

2.Even if I won a million-dollar lottery, I would continue to live______.A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously正确答案:B解析:各项的意思是:subtly敏锐地,精细地,巧妙地;frugally节约地,节省地;explicitly明白地,明确地;cautiously慎重地。

3.Doctors must inform______parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.A.protectiveB.respectiveC.prospectiveD.perspective正确答案:C解析:各项的意思是:protective给予保护的,保护的;respective分别的,各自的;prospective预期的;perspective透视面法,透视图。

博士生英语考试真题试卷

博士生英语考试真题试卷

博士生英语考试真题试卷一、词汇与语法(共10题)1. The new discovery ______ a significant impact on the field of medicine.A. makes.B. has.C. gives.D. takes.答案:B。

解析:“have an impact on...”是固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”,这里主语是“the new discovery”,为第三人称单数,所以用“has”。

2. She was so ______ in her work that she didn't notice the time passing.A. absorbed.B. attracted.C. drawn.D. concentrated.答案:A。

解析:“be absorbed in...”是固定短语,意为“专心于……”;“be attracted to...”表示“被……吸引”;“concentrate on”(集中精力于),这里需要用“absorbed”。

3. It is essential that every student ______ a good command of English.A. has.B. had.C. have.D. will have.答案:C。

解析:在“It is essential that...”句型中,从句要用虚拟语气,即“should + 动词原形”,“should”可以省略,所以这里用“have”。

4. The committee ______ of fifteen members.A. consists.B. composes.C. makes up.D. is made up.答案:A。

解析:“consist of”表示“由……组成”,主动形式;“be made up of”也表示“由……组成”,但为被动形式;“compose”的用法是“be composed of”,这里主语是“the committee”,所以用“consists”。

中南大学--年博士研究生入学考试英语试题的答案解析doc资料

中南大学--年博士研究生入学考试英语试题的答案解析doc资料

中南大学2008 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案与解析Paper OnePart I Using of EnglishSection One Vocabulary and Structure1【答案】A【解析】从题目中neither side 可以看出,是两方在讨论,所以应该是one side and the other side。

本句采用了岛状结构,起强调作用。

强调“双方在争论中没有达成协议”,因为双方都不愿让步。

所以正确答案是A 选项2【答案】D【解析】四个选项的意思分别是lightest 最轻的;furthest,最远的;smallest,最小的;faintest,模糊的。

the faintest idea 意思是,一点概念没有。

句意是,我对你的意思一点也不明白,你能再讲清楚点么?所以正确答案是 D 选项,如We haven't the faintest idea what the murderer looks like.(这个杀人犯长得怎么样我们连一点概念也没有。

)3【答案】A【解析】语法题。

it's no good doing something 的意思是,做某事无济于事。

这里的good 还可以替换成use,it 可以替换成there。

据此,可以推出正确答案是A 选项。

句意是,我还不知道什么时候可以去度假,现在做决定没有意义。

It’s no如good crying now!(现在哭也没用了!。

)4【答案】B【解析】四个选项的意思分别是give away 赠送,泄漏;give off 发出(光,声音等),散发出(气味);give in 认输,投降;give up 停止,放弃。

句意是加装了防护过滤器以后,这烟囱已不再散发成股的废气到大气中去了。

根据句子意思推出正确答案是B 选项,如As motor vehicles burn fuel, they give off carbon monoxide as a waste.(汽车燃烧燃料时,会产生废气—一氧化碳。

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题

中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题Part I: Vocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. The Earth _____ around the sun.A. revolvesB. resolvingC. resolvingD. revolves2. A water molecule is made up _____ two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom.A. forB. ofD. by3. The data _____ China’s economic growth are impressive.A. forB. towardC. concerningD. on4. We have to know _____ always comes first.A. besidesB. thatC. itD. what5. The coffee served in that shop is far too weak _____ my taste.A. fromB. toC. for6. I really _____ remember what her address is.A. don’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. won’t7. Would you like milk and sugar _____ your coffee?A. inB. atC. onD. of8. It is important for leaders to work _____ the development of their employees.A. onB. forC. withD. in9. Our project needs more support _____ the government.A. atB. toC. fromD. on10. _____ he is often criticized, he is actually a very talented writer.A. EvenB. SinceC. ThusD. HencePart II: Reading comprehension (30 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer.Passage 1There is a serious problem with obesity in many developed countries. This is usually caused by people eating too much andnot doing enough exercise. As a result, many people are now overweight or even obese. Obesity can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease and diabetes.11. What is the main cause of obesity?A. Lack of sleepB. Too much exerciseC. Eating too muchD. Eating too little12. What is the consequence of obesity?A. Heart diseaseB. Healthy bodyC. Strong musclesD. No exercise13. Which disease can obesity lead to?A. DiabetesB. FluC. ColdsD. Allergies14. What do many people in developed countries have due to obesity?A. Strong musclesB. High blood pressureC. Low body weightD. Overweight15. How can obesity be prevented?A. By eating more unhealthy foodB. By not doing any exerciseC. By eating less and exercising moreD. By sleeping all dayPassage 2There is a growing concern about the environment and the impact that human activity is having on it. As the population grows and people use more energy, pollution levels are increasing. This is leading to global warming and climate change.16. What is the growing concern about?A. Language skillsB. The economyC. The environmentD. Shopping habits17. What is causing pollution levels to increase?A. TreesB. Human activityC. CloudsD. Cities18. What is global warming leading to?A. Increased pollutionB. Climate changeC. Decreased pollutionD. Cleaner air19. How is the population affecting the environment?A. By using less energyB. By not using energy at allC. By using more energyD. By sleeping all day20. What is a consequence of climate change?A. Cleaner airB. Natural disastersC. Healthy environmentD. Decreased food productionPart III: Fill in the blanks (20 points)Directions: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate words.21. The _____ of the project cost over $1 million.22. She is tired of _____ the same routine every day.23. He knocked on the door but there was no _____ .24. The teacher _____ her students to work hard.25. We need to find a _____ to this problem soon.Part IV: Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passage from Chinese to English.拥有绿色的科学技术和环境经营理念将越来越成为未来企业的重要标志。

博士考试试题及答案英语

博士考试试题及答案英语

博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案:D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案:D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案:A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案:A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案:D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案:A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案:C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案:C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案:C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案:bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案:savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案:ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案:enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案:eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案:loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案:complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案:methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案:strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案:inquisitive三、阅读理解(每题4分,共20分)阅读以下短文,然后回答问题。

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English Test for Doctoral Candidates (A卷)Dec. 28, 2008Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1. A. Touch all his friends.B. Write a lot.C. Have a lot of time.D. Have a lot of friends.2. A. To work for a small company.B. To start a large company.C. To be independent.D. To graduate.3. A. Buy a new car.B. Go to a new store.C. Find a new repair shop.D. Take a different bus.4. A. 36 dollars.B. 15 dollars.C. 12 dollars.D. 4 dollars.5. A. One hour.B. Two hours.C. Three hours.D. Four hours.6. A. Perston's sister is going abroad.B. The man is probably reading a newspaper.C. The news today is very unusual.D. The Prime Minister is warmly welcomed.7. A. She likes Mexican food.B. She expected a better dinner.C. The dinner was expensive.D. She enjoyed the food more than the man did.8. A. 6 hours.B. 1 hour.C. 10 hours.D. 4 hours.9. A. In order to obtain a visa.B. To prove she is a foreign visitor.C. As identification to cash a check.D. The man is an immigration official.10. A. Bus-conductor and passenger.B. Lawyer and client.C. Doctor and patient.D. Teacher and student.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage 111. A. In 1954.B. In 1953.C. In 1955.D. In 1960.12. A. Adventureland.B. Tomorrowland.C. Fantasyland.D. Mianstreet, U.S.A.13. A. It would take you several days at Disneyland to see everything.B. Adventureland shows the jungles of Asia and Africa.C. Walt Disney World was built in Florida.D. Disneyland is deeply loved by children as well as adults.Passage 214. A. At college level.B. In primary school.C. In high school.D. After they graduate.15. A. The Use of Computers in Education.B. How Computers Are Used in Teaching.C. On Computers.D. Computers and Management.Section CDirections:In this part, you are going to hear a short passage. It will be spoken three times. After you hear the passage, please write a summary of it in about 60 words on your Answer Sheet II.Part II Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.There are many definitions of social movements and revolutions, but they all have some common points. Social movements are organized, 16 attempts by individuals to produce social change. These attempts are usually resisted by powerful people who 17 from the status quo, 18 it is often difficult for social movement participants to use the accepted and 19 means of producing social change (such as the courts and political institutions). 20 , social movement participants often 21 disruptive street their only means of action. The antiwar movement in the 1960s, the 22 Rights Movement that emerged strongly in the 1950s, and the antiabortion movement of the 1980s are all examples of social movement in America that have 23 both legal and illegal activities to 24 their goals. In fairness to social movement participants, 25 , their powerful opponents are just as likely to use illegal activities and violence to 26 the social movement.Although there are 27 over the definition of revolution, there is a 28 view that revolutions are successful social movements on a much grander 29 , that is, involving more people and much more social change. Although social movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement may be working to 30 some law or produce some reform in the society, revolutions like the Chinese Revolution are aimed at 31 social change. The goals of revolutions are commonly the overthrow of a government, basic change in the political and economic system, 32 more generally a basic change in the stratification system in the country. Because of the extent of change 33 , revolutions are always accompanied by extensive violence. The 34 are so high that opponents will kill to prevent the revolution, and revolutionaries must be 35 to kill to achieve their goals.16. A. purposeful B. idealized C. empirical D. reciprocal17. A. acquire B. profit C. prohibit D. succeed18. A. and B. but C. because D. though19. A. cultural B. legal C. educational D. industrial20. A. However B. Still C. Thus D. Nevertheless21. A. regard B. find C. treat D. use22. A. Civil B. Liberty C. Humanity D. Privacy23. A. engaged B. involved C. employed D. initiated24. A. achieve B. accelerate C. complete D. strive25. A. moreover B. however C. furthermore D. therefore26. A. stop B. promote C. advocate D. avoid27. A. diversities B. discrepancies C. inconsistencies D. disagreements28. A. conform B. regular C. specified D. standard29. A. level B. scale C. degree D. range30. A. enable B. enact C. enlarge D. envelop31. A. main B. principal C. major D. primary32. A. and B. nor C. also D. or33. A. sought B. aimed C. strove D. endeavored34. A. stakes B. dangers C. odds D. risks35. A. resentfulB. ready C. reluctant D. relievedPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage OneWater shortage on Earth? It seems impossible. Images of our planet from outer space show vast oceans, lakes as big as small countries, and wide rivers flowing with incredible volumes. How can there not be enough water? But the fact is that the world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. The United Nations (UN) predicts that water shortages could retard the economic growth of some countries and lead to food shortages and, even possibly, to international conflicts.Humans use water for three basic purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic and municipal use (water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and so forth). And the amount of water available to each person decreases as the population grows, raising the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world, just as the world's population is unevenly distributed by region, so is the annual supply of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are determined by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation than others. This leads the uneven distribution of water all over the world.Natural water scarcity has prompted many nations to try to increase their water supplies by building dams to catch water that otherwise would escape to the sea, or by sinking more and deeper wells. But these efforts can have negative side effects that can contribute to water scarcity. Instead of building dams, some countries choose to increase their access to groundwater. But this practice increases the risk of overpumping aquifers.Pollution also affects the water supply, reducing the available water by making it toxic or otherwise unfit for human use.Water shortage could also lead to international conflicts as countries compete for limited water resources. Political tensions over water often appear when different nations lay claim to the same river, lake, or aquifer. According to the UN, more than 300 river basins and aquifers worldwide cross national boundaries, creating the potential for conflicts.36. Which of the following is NOT a factor that would cause water shortage?A. Population growth.B. Uneven supplies of water.C. Industrial pollution.D. Global warming.37. Water shortages could lead to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. economic growthB. food shortageC. over-pumping of the underground waterD. international conflicts38. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Humans use water for crop growing, industrial production and domesticconsuming.B. The annual supply of renewable water is unevenly distributed over the world.C. Pollution can reduce the available water by making it toxic.D. Building dams to catch river water could best solve the problem of watershortages.39. How can water shortages lead to international conflicts?A. Countries cannot agree with each other on water price.B. Countries compete for limited water resources.C. Countries pollute each other's water.D. Countries steal each other's water.40. Which of the following best describe the author's tone in this passage?A. Optimistic.B. Ironic.C. Objective.D. Arbitrary.Passage TwoWhy is stage fright so universal when it does not pose a physical threat?Our ego and self-esteem are threatened, evidently to a significant degree. No normal person wants to look like a fool. Consequently, a speaking situation does involve peril, not physical but psychological. The brain instructs the body to react exactly the way it would at times of physical danger. In essence, the brain tells the body, "get ready to fight off the danger or to run away from it."When the danger signals reach the brain, the brain instructs the adrenal gland (肾上腺) to start secreting (分泌) adrenal fluid into the bloodstream. The adrenal fluid brings about specific bodily reactions.First, our senses become more keen because we will have to rely on them to help us fight or run. Blood goes away from the muscles of the stomach and intestines. The sudden rush of blood from the digestive system causes the sensation known as "butterflies in the stomach." The large muscles of the arms and legs become most important in the "fight or flight" reaction, as they must do the punching and kicking.The extra blood and the oxygen it contains get the muscles so tense that they must function strongly. Our hands shake, our knees knock, and we feel tension in the larger muscles of the body. We experience a dry, cottony mouth, sometimes to the point where good articulation becomes impossible.41. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to describe _______.A. types of physical and psychological dangerB. cures for stage frightC. the biochemistry of the brainD. the physical reaction that might result from state fright42. It can be inferred from the passage that psychological reactions _______.A. are more serious than stage frightB. diminish our ability to speakC. diminish our ability to fightD. cause anxiety43. According to the passage, "butterflies in the stomach" are produced by _______.A. hunger painsB. the egoC. blood leaving the digestive systemD. poor articulation44. The passage mentions all of the following reactions EXCEPT _______.A. tremblingB. tensionC. dryness in the mouthD. blushing45. According to the passage, a speaking situation may result in _______.A. physical perilB. brain damageC. forgetfulnessD. psychological perilPassage ThreeA satellite is usually launched by a rocket. Once the satellite is in orbit, the plane of the orbit is relatively fixed in space. However, as the satellite goes around the earth, the earth spins on its axis beneath it. Thus on each circuit the satellite passes over a different part of the earth's surface.The orbit of a satellite is usually not a circle. During launching, variations from the calculations of elevation, altitude, and speed are impossible to eliminate. The orbit is then elliptical. Scientists deliberately plan for a satellite to enter an elliptical orbit so that it will probe a range of altitudes. An elliptical path can bring a satellite into the upper atmosphere. The friction of the atmosphere on the satellite causes its speed to decrease. It is then drawn closer to the earth, and may be heated ultimately to incandescence (白热,白炽) and be vaporized as it enters the lower portion of the eqarth's atmosphere.A satellite which has been given an initial horizontal speed of 30,000 km/hr orbits about the earth in a circular path at an altitude of about 500 km. If this horizontal speed is raised to 40,000 km/hr, the space vehicle leaves the earth's orbit and goes into orbit around the sun. The velocity at which this happens is called escape velocity. 46. According to the passage, an elliptical orbit may cause the satellite to vaporize dueto _______.A. the vibration of the enginesB. friction with the atmosphereC. the heat of the sunD. the earth spinning on its axis47. According to the passage, which speed will produce an elliptical orbit of a satellitearound the earth?A. 5,000 km/hr.B. 15,000 km/hr.C. 30,000 km/hr.D. 35,000 km/hr.48. The passage states that an elliptical orbit is beneficial because it allows thesatellite to _______.A. probe a range of altitudesB. orbit the sunC. vaporizeD. stay above the same point on earth49. The author's style can best be described as _______.A. argumentativeB. explanatoryC. humorousD. rhetorical50. According to the passage, satellite orbits are usually not circular because _______.A. there is friction in the atmosphereB. the earth spins on its axisC. variations from precise calculations are difficult to eliminateD. too great a speed is needed for circular orbitsPassage FourFor most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations createdby inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on; still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others' working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine; as a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.51. In the author's opinion, people tend to judge others _______.A. completely by where they workB. absolutely by their amount of moneyC. to a great extent by the type of work they doD. slightly by their amount of money52. Why does the author take for a counsel of despair the opinion that workers shouldturn their attention from intolerable work to other parts of life?A. Because work is the sole focus of people's life.B. Because work has always been important in deciding the satisfaction in life.C. Because people are not interested in other parts of life.D. Because other parts of life are similarly intolerable.53. What may be the cause of the more obvious problems of industrial life?A. The frustrations in other parts of life.B. The frustrations resulting from inequality at work.C. The indecency and inhumanity of society.D. The cruelty of most managers.54. What does work mean to most managers and workers respectively?A. Work means opportunity and challenge to both managers and workers.B. Work means responsibility to workers only and control to managers.C. Work means a monotonous experience to both workers and managers.D. Work may be intolerable to workers and challenging to managers.55. Why do many workers feel alienated from their work?A. Because they have no control over their work.B. Because they feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine.C. Because they are considered part of the technology.D. Because they spend most of their life working hard.Passage FiveUntil recently, hunting for treasure from shipwrecks was mostly fantasy; but with recent technological advances, the search for sunken treasure is becoming more popular as a legitimate endeavor. One team of salvagers has searched the wreck of the RMS Republic, which sank in 1909, 55 miles southeast of Boston harbor. The search party, using side-scan sonar, a device which projects sound waves across the ocean bottom and produces a profile of the sea floor, located the wreck in just two-and-a-half days. Before the use of this new technology, searches could take months or years. The team of 45 divers searched the wreck for two months, finding silver tea services, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of bottles of wine; but they did not find the five-an-a-half tons of American Gold Eagle coins they were searching for. Whether or not the team finds the gold, their mission has already sparked more debate between preservationists and treasure hunters over the spoils.While a shipwreck's treasure may not have a high monetary value, it can be an invaluable source of historic artifacts preserved in nearly mint condition. Maritime archaeologists worry that the success of salvagers will attract more treasure-hunting expeditions and thus threaten remaining, undiscovered wrecks. Once a salvage team has scoured a site, much of the archaeological value is lost. Preservationists are lobbying their state lawmakers to legally restrict underwater searches and unregulated salvages. On the other hand, the treasure hunters argue that without the lure of gold and million-dollar treasures, the wrecks and their historical artifacts would never be recovered.56. What is the main ideal of this passage?A. Searching for wrecks is now much easier due to new technologies like side-scan sonar.B. Maritime archaeologists are concerned over the unregulated searching ofwrecks.C. The search of the RMS Republic is causing further debate betweenpreservatinists and salvagers over searching wrecks.D. Treasure hunting on underwater wrecks threatens the archaeological value ofthe site.57. The word "sunken" in line 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following words?A. Broken.B. Underwater.C. Ancient.D. Hollow.58. The second paragraph is an example of _______.A. chronological orderB. explanationC. specific to generalD. definition59. What enabled the search team to find the RMS Republic quickly?A. Sea floor profiles.B. A team of 45 divers.C. Side-scan sonar.D. Sound waves.60. Which of the following people would most likely be a preservationist?A. A treasure-hunter.B. A diver.C. A lawmaker.D. A maritime archaeologist.Section BDirections:In this section, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Put your answer on your Answer Sheet II.People can be addicted (上瘾的) to different things, e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.1. Compulsive spenders get more pleasure in _______.2. Most people look for sales and discounts because _______.3. The problem with compulsive bargain hunters is that _______.4. Companies and advertisers often make use of comsumers' psychology to _______.5. What's the main idea of this passage?Part IV Translation (20%)Section ADirections: Put the following into Chinese and write your Chinese version on your Answer Sheet II.Equality between women and men is no longer a negotiable issue. As long as women remain unequal they can't have access to resources, they can never participate in political decision-making, they can't make their own choices in life. That is the bottom line. Women around the world are all concerned about equality. In developing countries, in states emerging as industrial powers, in the countries of the West, women are looking for action, action they sometimes call a revolution. [选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 1, Exercise Section 3 Translation I]Women's health needs have in the past often been overlooked, or assumed to be the same as men's. At the Cairo conference last year it was agreed that the consequence of unsafe abortions is part of overall health care. The public has to recognize that women have specific health needs which must be understood, and that women must have full access to adequate health-care services. [选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 1, Exercise Section 3 Translation II-6]Section BDirections:Put the following into English and write your English version on your Answer Sheet II.1993年国家对五万名初、高中生进行的调查显示中学生中吸食大麻的人数明显上升。

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