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2015年12月大学英语六级考试试题及答案（3）

Part I Writing. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 听⼒题： 1、 A.She thinks the exercise is easy. B.She can't solve the exercise either. C.She can help the man with the exercise. D.She hasn't tried to solve the exercise yet. 2、 A.Buy a newspaper. B.Take a trip in the summer. C.Put an ad in a newspaper. D.Go to the interviewer's office. 3、 A.The man must be a very slow driver. B.She did a lot of walking in Florida. C.The man should have spent less time in Florida D.She got to Florida long before the man did. 4、 A.Look for the umbrella in the theater. B.Ask the ticket seller about the umbrella. C.Buy another ticket for the show. D.Go back to her chair to get the umbrella. 5、 A.Both of the activities aren't very good. B.He has no interest in doing exercise. C.They should choose a different activity. D.It doesn't matter which activity to choose. 6、 A.Wash fewer clothes at a time. e a different washing machine. C.Try to repair the washing machine first, D.Wash his clothes by hand. 7、 A.She is going to drop the class too. B.She doesn't know how to swim. C.It took her a long time to learn to swim. D.She teaches swimming, 8、 A.He'll give the woman a few prescriptions right away. B.He'll be away from the office for one or two days. C.The woman doesn't need anything for her cough. D.The woman should continue taking the medicine. Conversation One. 听材料，回答下列问题： 9、 A.Her apartment is too far from the campus. B.Her apartment needs a lot of repair work. C.She's having trouble with the owner of the apartment D.Her roommate won't share expenses. 10、 A.Because the girls didn't pay their rent on time. B.Because she couldn't find anyone to repair the dishwasher. C.Because she had to buy a new dishwasher. D.Because paula had some repairs done without her permission. 11、 A.Because he has some knowledge of the law, B.Because he once had the same problem. C.Because he is a friend of the owner. D.Because he can bring a lawsuit against the owner. Conversation Two.　听材料，回答下列各题： 12、 A.There aren't enough cabinets B.There is too much noise. C.Office supplies are taking up space. D.Some teaching assistants don't have desks. 13、 A.To chat with him socially. B.To get help with the course. C.To hand in their assignments. D.To practise giving interviews, 14、 A.They'd have to get permission. B.Jack wouldn't like it, C.She thinks it might work. D.Other assistants should be consulted 15、 A.Give Jack a different office, plain to the department head. C.Move the supplies to the storage room. D.Try to get a room to use for meetings. Passage One. 听材料，回答下列各题： 16、 A.Because of its shape. B.Because of its skin. C.Because of its size. D.Because of its behavior. 17、 A.How sea animals manage to exist, B.How large sea animals can be. C.How frightening the squid is, D.How little is known about the sea. 18、 A.Why it is difficult to use aerial photographs in research. B.Why oceanic research is so limited. C.How oceanic research has helped land research, D.How fossil remains are obtained from deep sea. Passage Two. 听材料，回答下列各题： 19、 A.New varieties of corn have been developed. B.The crops need less fertilizer. C.Farmers can now monitor crop growth. D.Crop yields are much greater. 20、 A.It's being drained from Nebraska to Texas. B.It's being pumped out. C.It's becoming contaminated with oil. D.It's becoming much warmer. 21、 A.It can be seen from an airplane. B.It's most likely polluted. C.It's usually a bright green color. D.The supply of it may be exhausted soon. Passage Three. 听材料，回答下列各题： 22、 A.To review what students know about volcanic activity. B.To demonstrate the use of a new measurement device. C.To explain the answer to an examination question. D.To provide background for the next reading assignment. 23、 A.They occur at regular intervals. B.They can withstand great heat. C.They travel through the Earth's interior. D.They can record the Earth's internal temperature. 24、 A.When the Earth was formed. B.The composition of the Earth's interior. C.Why molten rock is hot. D.How often a volcano is likely to erupt. 25、 A.How deep they are. B.Where earthquakes form. C.How hot they are. D.What purpose they serve. 听材料，回答下列各题： Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport-or risk losing their right to free travel. London Mayor Boris Johnson will 26_________ plans today to make youngsters sign a " 27_________ pledge" to promise to behave in a 28 _________manner when travelling in the capital. The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, 29_________ and disabled; refrain from using 30_________ or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff. Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a rude manner, will have their free travel passes 31_________ The plan--a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid--will initially affect the 400,000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Conservative sources believe the idea could be used across the country. A Conservative insider said, "The initiative 32_________ the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and 33 _________around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone. " Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he 34_________ tackle the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport. "when I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to," he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. " Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back. Teenagers who are found 35_________ violating the new behavior code will lose their travel passes. They will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.回答36-45题： Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men, encountering more 36_________ in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said. Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR. found women at all levels of 37_________ tend to earn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking. Women with low literacy are twice as 38_________ as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said. "Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher literacy and more skills really 39_________ a big difference," said Kevin Miller, a 40_________ research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study. Women need to go 41_________ in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said. The 42_________ was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the most recent data43_________ , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 44_________ from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons. Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 45_________ , the institute said. A. patternp > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 B . s e n i o r / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 C . l o n g e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 22 8 " > 0 0 D . d i f f i c u l t i e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 E . c a t e g o r y / p > p b d s f i d = " 23 0 " > 0 0 F . c o l l e c te d / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 G . p o s i t i o n s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 H . a v a i l a b l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 23 3 " > 0 0 I . c o n d u c t e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 34 " > 0 0 J . i n d e p e n d e n t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 35 " > 0 0 K . l i t e ra c y / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 L . a n a l y s i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 M . l i k e l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " >0 0 N . f u r t h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 O . m a k e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 S e c t i o n B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : I n t h i s s e c t i o n , y o u a r e g o i n g t o r e a d a p a s s a g e w i t h t e n s t a t e m e n t s a t t a c h e d t o i t . E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n i n o n e o f t h e p a r a g r a p h s . I d e n t i f y t h e p a r a g r a p h f r o m w h i c h t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e r i v e d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 Y o u m a y c h o o s e a p a r a g r a p h m o r e t h a n o n c e . E a c h p a r a g r a p h i s m a r k e d w i t h a l e t t e r . A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b y m a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2 . / p >。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第1套)

2015 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第 1 套）Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2015年12月英语六级听力真题及答案

12月英语六级听力真题及答案(2)2015年12月英语六级听力真题及答案短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management。

Inflation，resource scarcity，reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations。

Team management provides for this coordination。

Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized。

Although a team may be composed of knowledgeable people， they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems。

When teams consist to be experienced employees from hierarchical organizations，who have been condition to traditional organizational culture。

Cooperation may not occur naturally， it mainly to be created。

Furthermore， the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively， but how it integrates with the overall organization，all society that it supposes it serves。

2015年12月英语六级考试真题及详细答案(第一套).docx

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第1套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading.You arereauired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2016-05-28/427638.htmlSection ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day.B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties.C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly.2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems.B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies.B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet.C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.D. The printer in the office has run out of paper.4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.B. The woman can use his glasses to read.C. He has the dictionary the woman wants.D. The dictionary is not of much help to him.5.A. Redecorating her office.B. Majoring in interior design.C. Seeking professional advice.D. Adding some office furniture.6.A. Problems in port management.B. Improvement of port facilities.C. Delayed shipment of goods.D. Shortage of container ships.7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague.C. Their workload.D. A coffee machine.8.A. Call the hotel manager for help.B. Postpone the event until a later date.C. Hold the banquet at a different place.D. Get an expert to correct the error.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. He shares some of the household duties.B. He often goes back home late for dinner.C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally.D. He dines out from time to time with friends.10.A. To take him to dinner.B. To talk about a budget plan.C. To discuss an urgent problem.D. To pass on an important message.11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy.B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India.C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market.D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half.B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship.C. They form a more realistic picture of life.D. They try to adapt to their changing roles.13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places.B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life.C. He is able to meet many interesting people.D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves.14.A. It is stressful.B. It is full of tim.C. It is all glamour.D. It is challenging15. A. Bothered.B. Amazed.C. Puzzled.D. Excited.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture.B. Learn new ways of relating and working together.C. Follow closely the fast development of technology.D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization.17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve.B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance.C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of.D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with.18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives.B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures.C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative.D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois.B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text.C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long.D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists.B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.C. He sold a program developed by his friends.D. He invested in a leading computer business.21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise.C. They were very keen on new technology.D. They believed in his business connections.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A. Prestige advertising.B. Institutional advertising.C. Wordofmouth advertising.D. Distributing free trial products.23.A. To sell a particular product.B. To build up their reputation.C. To promote a specific service.D. To attract high-end consumers.24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies.B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff.C. By buying media space in leading newspapers.D. By creating their own ads and commericais.25.A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ.B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs.C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail.D. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have justhoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what youhave written.Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an26concept. It's not at all like the killing ofindividual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply27numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can beound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could beremedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an28and final act for which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is gone forever. However many generations29us incoming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish.Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life30, we are also making the land and theair and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.31basic naturalresources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being32in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and33, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the verysoil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends.The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever totake place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply anotherhistorical change or cultural34, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of35Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thopassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark tho corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through tho centre. You may not use any of tho words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It seems to be a law in thetechnology industry that leading companies eventually lose theirpositions, often quickly and brutally.Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe's biggesttechnology success stories, was no36, losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales37But consumers' preferences were already38toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple'siPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia's market share39rapidly and revenue plunged. By theend of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft. What sealed Nokia's fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO,which he40in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company's marketvalue declined by $ 23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history. But Elop was not the only person at41Nokia's board resisted change, making it impossiblefor the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most42, Jorma Ollila, who had ledNokia's transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by thecompany's43success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a44cost-cutting program, which included the elimination of which hadmotivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia'ssense of vision and directions with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design andprogramming talent left as well.A)assumed I) previousB. bias J) relayedC. desperateK) shiftingD. deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notablySection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by .marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind Kids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus withlittle academic know—how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.[ A] When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first—generation student and Jamaican immigrant,he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first—generationstudents, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were alsoattending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs.Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose tolive at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking afull class schedule.[ B] What Nijay didn't realize about his school—Tennessee State University—was its frighteningly lowgraduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year,Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $ 5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making itimpossible for him to continue paying for school.[ C ]Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first—generation college students whoenter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped tograduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typicallycarry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attendingschool, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).[ D ] Matt Rubinoff directs I'm First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to thisspecific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospectivecollege-goers fmd the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a goodnumber of four—year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resourcesand programs for them, he says that number isn't high enough.[ E ] "It's not only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subsetof this population," Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation undergraduates tendtoward options such as online programs, two—year colleges, and commuter state schools."Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack of information and support to help students think biggerand broader. "[ F] Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions--and two-year schools inparticular. As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options yearafter year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community collegesor state schools with low bars for admittance.[ G]"They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,"said Dave Jarrat, a marketingexecutive for Inside Track, a for—profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income studentsand supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. "The reality of it is that a lot of low-incomekids could be going to elite tufiversities on a full ride scholarship and don't even realize it. "[ H] "Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience ofsuccessfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and theircollege worthiness," Jarrat continued. That helps explain why, as I'm First's Rubinoff indicated,the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorestmatches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. Aflagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first—generationstudents, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, TheUniversity of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State's overallgraduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smallergap between the outcomes forfirst—generat.ion students and those of their peers.[I] Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutionskeep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first—generation pupils is "much lower" than the percentage of all students who graduate within fouryears (81 percent). [J] It is actually quite difficult to fred reliable statistics on the issue for many schools.Highereducation institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but thesereports typically only include Pell recipient numbers —not necessarily rates specific to fLrst—generation students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating itcan be for prospecitive students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigatethis kind of information and then identify which schools are the best fit.[ K] It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I'm First in 2013, originally as an annof its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity."If we can help to directstudents to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realisticand accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get inand enroll, we are going to raise the success rate," Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.[ L] Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I'm First, was a first —generation college student at Howard. Like other student new to the intimidating higher—education world, she often struggled on her path to college, "There wasn't really a college—bound cnlture at my high school," she said. "I wanted to go to college but I didn't really know the process. " Jones became involved with a college —access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that: "But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for. "[ M] She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well—regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first—generation students, including matching kids with counselors, comecting first— generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students onHoward's campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who areable to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aidpackages and remarkably high graduation rates for first—generation students.(Harvard, for example, boasts a six—year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent. )[ N]Christian Vazquez, a first—generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story settinghim far apart from students such as Nijay. "There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after awhile, there is too much support," he said, half—joking about the countless resources available atthe school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors ( trained seniors on campus) ;they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first—generation students ( the latter beingone of the mostcommon programs for students).[ O]"Our support structure was more like : ' You are going to get through Yale; you are going to dowell,' " he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significantsupport for students who lacked confidence about "belonging" at such a top institution.46. Many first—generation college—goers have doubts about their abilities to geta college degree.47. First—generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first—generation students at Nijay's university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first—generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don't know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first—generation students' serf—confidence.54. I'm First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate fn'st-generation students at a higher rate. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. andD . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influentialmedical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectivenessof treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it,suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively aboutindividual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent. In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drugover another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment—at the end of life, forexample—is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisionsbased on cost is a form of rationing. Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones areexpected to makedoctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, eventhough there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurancecomoanies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies. Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and fmancial Overseers."There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn'tbe functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He saiddoctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is bestfor you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts. " Doctors can face some grim trade —offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are aboutequally effective in treating macular degeneration, and eye disease. But one costs $ 50 a dose and theother close to $ 2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used thecheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis. But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye. and using itrather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Shoulddoctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?"I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and nottrying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen. Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not manyothers are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue. "56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A. Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B. Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C. Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D. Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A. Specific medicines to be used.B. Effects of medical treatment.C. Professional advancement.D. Patients' trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A. The redefining of doctors' roles.B. Overuse of less effective medicines.C. Conflicts between doctors and patients.D. The prolonging of patients' suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A. They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B. They may be forced to divide their attention.C. They may have to use less effective drugs.D. They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A. It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.B. It will help to save money for society as a whole.C. It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.D. It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Economic inequality is the "defining challenge of our time," President Barack Obama declared in aspeech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merelybecause it doesn't look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequalityitself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. "Increasedinequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream," he said. Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality Public Enemy No. 1 and thegreatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also arguedthat it's harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档 ) in that ladderhave grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new damset from the Equality of OpportunityProject at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we're vastlyexaggerating the dangers of the rich—poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor ofeconomic mobility, as sociologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data. So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economicladder as adtdts? what explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is oneof the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Cherty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density,the size of a community's middle class, the quality of schools, commtmity religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the "single strongest correlate of upward mobility. " Chetty finds thatcommunities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much morelikely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial andeconomic segregation. Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of thesefactors. Based on my analyses of the data. of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the followingthree seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. Per-capita (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers ( where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spending In other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages oftwo-parent families, and high local government spending-which may stand for good schools-are themost likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger's rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A. It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B. It is the greatest threat to social stability.。

英语六级201512-1听力原文+答案

2015年12月英语六级听力试卷（第一套）短对话1.W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could yourecommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressingwith fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your newconsulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now haveover 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper?M: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keepall of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean?4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read theexplanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is oldand the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give yo u my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from aninterior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But wecan’t get a container ship anywa y.M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here arenever able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn’t convinced that his work attitude warranted it.She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, theywon’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a specialdiner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough toaccommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?长对话Conversation 1M: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please comin g. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expectingme for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, butit is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problem?W: Well, Paul, I won’t keep you long. You see there is a problem withthe exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchangemarket. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’s balance of paymentdeficit.M: I see. How serious, isn’t it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and theprospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problemson our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover toprotect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that meanexactly?W: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell IndianRupees at the present rate.M: I see. And how will that benefit us?W: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price ofthe bike.M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choic e. All right Jane, let’sput it into action.Q9: What do we learn aboutthe man’s daily life?Q10: Why did the woman cometo see the man?Q11: What makes the womanworry about the Indian Rupee?Conversation 2W: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’sgreat masters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealisticexpectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be whothey thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her.That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people aregoing to be pretty much what they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be ableto change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your lifetouring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music, I don’t especially love life on th e road, but I figure if youare lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got theultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famousmusician?M: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troublesthey do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?M: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating.You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they knowyou on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love peopleexpress for me and by music.Q12: What does the man sayabout most people when they get into love affairs?Q13: What does the man sayabout himself as a singer on the road most of his life?Q14: What do most peoplethink of the life of a famous musician?Q15: How does the man feelwhenever he was recognized by his fans?短文理解Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach tomanagement. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budgetcuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for newskills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed ofknowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working togetherto solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist to be experiencedemployees from hierarchical organizations, who have been condition totraditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, itmainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team canfunction more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization,all societythat it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is notautomatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order toimprove the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests thatthe cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed.He believes the team corporation results when members go beyond theirindividual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together,the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any onemember. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibitunderstanding of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations.They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistenceand patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies suchqualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize theirpotential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should teammembers do to fully realize their potential?Q 17: What needs to beconsidered for effective team management?Q 18: What conclusion can wedraw from what Casey says?Passage 2In early 1994, when MarkAndreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an ideathat would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he andhis friends had developed aprogram called Mosaic, which allowed people toshare information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been usedmainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to sendand receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed aprogram, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnightsuccess. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. Andby the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessenwent to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started tohave meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s mostfamous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nob ody was making any real money from theInternet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity thatwould make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should createa new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be mucheasier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas andenthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest threemillion dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteenmillion from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s newideas.Q 19 What do we learn about Mosaic?Q 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?Q 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join inClark’sinvestme nt?Passage 3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits ofproducts and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best formof advertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when peopletell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they havepurchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutionalor prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation ratherthan to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up theirown advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likelyto have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising andadvertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfycompany to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire theirown advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency andagreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know asbrief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to becommunicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisementsanddevelops a media prime, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested innewspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Beforea final choices was made prior to anational campaign.Q22 What is probably the bestform of advertising according to the speaker?Q23 What does the speaker sayis the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ?Q24 How did large companiesgenerally handle their advertising?Q25 What would advertisingagencies often do before a national campaign?听写题Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. Itis not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remediedor for which some substitute canbe found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it somethingthat could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absoluteand final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species onceextinct, it’s gone forever. However many generations succeed us in comingcenturies,none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not onlyus we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making theland and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources beingused up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are alsoruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solid self on which terrestriallife depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds isone of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps thegreatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change orcultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychologicalorder of magnitude.2015年12月英语六级听力试卷（第一套）答案短对话答案1. B. The dressing makes themixed salad very inviting.2. B. He is opening a newconsulting firm.3. B. The man may find thesupplies in the cabinet.4. D. He has to use amagnifying glass to see clearly.5. C. Redecorating heroffice.6. A. Shortage of containerships.7. A. Acolleague.8. C. Hold the banquet at a differentplace.长对话答案ConversationOne9. D. He often goes backhome late for dinner.10. B. To discuss an urgentproblem.11. C. There is a sharpincrease in India's balance of payment deficit.ConversationTwo12. D. They have unrealisticexpectations about the other half.13. A. He is lucky to beable to do what he loves.14. B. It is allglamour.15. A.Amazed.短文答案Passage One16. B. Follow closely the fast development oftechnology.17. B. What type of personnel the team should becomposed of.18. D. A team manager should develop a certainset skills.Passage Two19. A. It is a program allowing people to shareinformation on the Web.20. B. He met with an entrepreneur named JimClark.21. B. They had confidence in his newideas.Passage Three22. A. Word-of-mouthadvertising.23. D. To build up theirreputation.24. D. By using the servicesof large advertising agencies.25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercialsin certain regions. 短文听写答案26. eternal27. diminishing28. absolute29. succeed30. on a vast scale31. As regards32. used up33. disposing34. modification35. magnitude。

2015年12英语六级考试真题带答案

Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the should focus on the harm caused by misleading information arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力音频地址：Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long the endof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only each question there will bea the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), D),and decide which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.has completely recovered.went into shock after an operation.is still in a critical condition.is getting much better.a breakfast.a hotel room.a train ticket.a compartment.borrowers never returned the books to her.man is the only one who brought her book back.never expected anyone to return the books to her.of the books she lent out came back without jackets.left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.attended the supermarket's grand opening ceremony.drove a full hour before finding a parking space.failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.is bothered by the pain in his neck.cannot do his report without a computer.cannot afford to have a coffee break.feels sorry to have missed the report.top art students can show their works in the gallery.gallery space is big enough for the man's paintings.woman would like to help with the exhibition layout.man is uncertain how his art works will be received.woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.man works in the same department as the woman does.woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.man is capable of dealing with difficult people.was better than the previous one.distorted the mayor's speech.exaggerated the city's economic problems.reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard. inform him of a problem they face.request him to purchase control desks.discuss the content of a project report.ask him to flX the dictating machine.quote the best price in the market.manufacture and sell office furniture.cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.cannot produce the steel sheets needed.marking down the trait price.accepting the penalty clauses.allowing more time for delivery.promising better after-sales service.the customer a ten percent discount.compensation from the steel suppliers.the Buying Department to change suppliers.the contract with the customer.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard....computer programming.certain natural phenomena.global population growth.national financial health.different educational backgrounds.attitudes toward nature.theory and its applications.current global economic BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. lay great emphasis on hard work.name 150 star engineers each year.require high academic degrees.have people with a very high IQ.years of job training.emotional intelligence.academic qualifications.to the advance of science.interpersonal relationships.working experience.equipment.motivation.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. diary.fairy tale.history textbook.biography.was a sports fan.loved adventures.disliked school.liked hair-raising stories.people to undertake adventures.his colorful and unique life stories.people's environmental awareness.people to America's national parks.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.first infected victim.coastal village in Africa.doctor who lust identified it.river running through the Congo.exhibit similar symptoms.can be treated with the same drug.have almost the same mortality rate.have both disappeared for good.inhaling air polluted with the virus.contacting contaminated body fluids.drinking water from the Congo River.eating food grown in Sudan and Zalre.strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.will eventually fred cures for Ebola.Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later.infected, one will become immune to CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the irst time, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have , when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also beprogrammed to behave in an agreeable 26 that make interaction with other peopleenjoyable would be simulated as closely as possible, and the machine would 27 charming,stimulating, and informal conversational style would makeinteraction comfortable, andyet the machine would remain slightly 28 and therefore its first encounter it might besomewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more 29 and intimate machine would not be a passive 30 but would add its ownsuggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes 31 developing or changing the topicand would have a personality of its own.The machine would convey presence: We have all seen how a computer's use of personal namesoften 32 people and leads them to treat the machine as if it were almost features areeasily written into the introducing 33 forcefulness and humor, the machine could bepresented as a vivid and unique character.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it 34 the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know an 35 timeit might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.Part m Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in thebank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of , we live in a culture that 36 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to onlineshopping sites that never 's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't getthe 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep--on the weekend, say--is a hotly 38 topicamongsleep latest evidence suggests that while it isn't 39 , it might Liu, theUCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-restricted people into the labfor a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 41 in theability of insulin (胰岛素) to process blood suggests that catch-up sleep may undo somebut not all of the damage that sleep 42 causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults don'tget the hours they need each , Liu isn't 43 to endorse the habit of sleeping less andmaking up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either."A sleeping pillwill 45 one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because youcouldn't really replicate (复制 ) the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brainto go through the different stages of sleep," says Collop, director of the Emory UniversitySleep Center.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to contains information given in one of the the paragraphfrom which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Climate change may be real, but it's still not easy being greenHow do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists.[A] The road to climate hell is paved with our good may tackle polluters whilescientists do battle with carbon the most pervasive problem is less obvious: ourown get distracted before we can turn down the break our promise notto fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to , we can't be bothered to changeour for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able todo that for us. [B] Despite mournful polar beats and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find ithard to believe that global warming will affect them polls by the Pew ResearchCentre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as animportant respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C] This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness."When we can't actually removethe source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defencemechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation WorldWide Fund for Nature.[ D] Part of the fault lies with our inner has programmed humans to pay mostattention to issues that will have an immediate impact."We worry most about now because if wedon't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says ProfessorElke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions atColumbia University in the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem ofemissions pretty in practice, our brain discounts the risks--and benefits--associatedwith issues that lie some way ahead.[E] Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford,sees this in his lab every day."One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is thatthey assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," hesays."This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would havebeen very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F] Not any the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well betoo ff we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have tohelp us to do so.[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealthand Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass argue that governments shouldpersuade us into making better decisions--such as saving more in our pension plans--by changingthe default Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of , for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developerswould be too lazy to challenge them.[H] Defaults are certainly part of the social scientists are most concerned about craftingmessages that exploit our group mentality (,~, ~ )."We need to understand what motivatespeople, what it is that allows them to make change," says Professor Neil Adger, of the TyndallCentre for Climate Change Research in Norwich."It is actually about what their peers think ofthem, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, ourinner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[ I ] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in--and measuring us against--our peer group."Social norms are primitive andelemental," says Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion."Birds flock together, fishschool together, cattle herd together...just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjusttheir behaviour in the direction of the crowd."[J] These norms can take us beyond good conducted a study in San Diego inwhich coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's ofthe messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use withthe local average is enough to cause them to modify their Conservatives plan toadopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage onpeople's bills.[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意的) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus recommends somecareful framing of the message."Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the messageneeds to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, itreduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is most successful environmental strategywill marry the green message to our own sense of your average trade unionmember, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action--muchlike Erica retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is settingup one of 1,i00 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmentalcampaign aimed at trade unionists.[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychologyright--in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organisinggroups."I think it's a terrific idea,"she says of the campaign."The union backing it makesmembers think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the firstmeeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the futureof environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change.., and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil societynetworks in the UK," he says. The " Love Food, Hate Waste" campaign entered into acollaboration last year with another such network--the Women's Rachel Taylorjoined the campaign with the aim of making new year on, the meetings have madelasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen."It's always more of an incentive if you'redoing it with other people," she says."It motivates you more if you know that you've got toprovide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across thepolitical the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approveda bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related the UK, new studiesare in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it. be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climatechange.find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behaviour. clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.social networks can be more effective in creating change in people's C Directions: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked A), B), ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then atVanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability toretain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for futurelearning." The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protectbald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality(although the college students had better spelling skills ). From the standpoint of a traditionaleducator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems andextinction, major scientific ideas.The researchers decided to go deeper, asked both groups to generate questionsabout important issues needed to create recovery this task, they found large students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their hab/tats (栖息地).Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles ( "How big are they?" and "What dothey eat?" ).The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied howlearning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific found that whenwe taught participants to ask "What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would knowthe answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit--asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their , their questions became more comprehensive at the new than merely askingabout something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into thescience content found in exhibits. This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional learningenvironments tolerate failure better than many teachers have too little time to allowstudents to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the must acquire this skill society depends on them being able to make criticaldecisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global energy needs that, we have a robust informal learning system that gives no grades, takes all comers,and is available even on holidays and weekends.is traditional educators' interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph ?are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.what way are college students different from children?have learned to think critically.are concerned about social issues.are curious about specific features.have learned to work independently.is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?arouses students' interest in things around them.cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.helps students realize not every question has an answer.is said to be the advantage of informal learning?allows for failures.is entertaining.charges no tuition.meets practical needs.does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?students to think about global issues.more interactive classroom activities.full use of informal learning resources.collaborative inquiry in the TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage."There's an old saying in the space world: amateurs talk about technology, professionals talkabout insurance." In an interview last year with The Economist, George Whitesides, chief executive ofspace-tourism fu'm Virgin Galactic, was placing his company in the latter insurance willbe cold comfort following the failure on October 31st of VSS Enterprise, resulting in the death of onepilot and the severe injury to another.On top of the tragic loss of life, the accident in California will cast a long shadow over the future of space tourism, even before it has properly begun.The notion of space tourism took hold in 2001 with a $ 20 million flight aboard a Russianspacecraft by Dennis Tito, a millionaire engineer with an adventurous haft a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then, for similarly astronomical price tags. But more recently,companies have begun to plan more affordable "suborbital" flights--briefer ventures just to the edge ofspace's vast Galactic had, prior to this week's accident, seemed closest to startingregular company has already taken deposits from around 800 would-be space tourists,including Stephen Hawking.After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic's founder,had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon asFebruary 2015. That now seems an impossible timeline. In July, a sister craft of the crashedspaceplane was reported to be about other half will have to walt, as authorities ofAmerica's Federal Aviation Administration National Transportation Safety Board work out:what went wrong.In the meantime, the entire space tourism industry will be on tenterhooks (坐立不安).The 2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles andservices, prohibits the transportation secretary (and thereby the regulating the design oroperation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew means that the FAA could suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to could also insiston checking private manned spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial that may:make suborbital travel safer, it would add significant cost and complexity to an emerging industry thathas until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and dreamy engineers. How Virgin Galactic, regulators and the public respond to this most recent tragedy will determinewhether and how soon private space travel can transcend that is nodoubt that space flight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks, and to reduce the benefit of hard-won experience.is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.has a strong negative impact on space tourism.may discourage rich people from space travel.has aroused public attention to safety issues.do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?has just built a craft for commercial flights.has sent half a dozen passengers into space.was about ready to start regular business.is the first to launch "suborbital" flights.is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act?ensure space travel safety.limit the FAA's functions.legalize private space explorations.promote the space tourism might the FAA do after the recent accident in California? more rigid safety standards.certifying new space-tourist agencies.its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.does the author think of private space travel?is worth promoting despite the risks involved.should not be confined to the rich only.should be strictly regulated.is too risky to carry on.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第2套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below.You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite ofadvanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but nomore than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

完整word版,201512月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案及解析

2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A. Prepare for his exams.B. Catch up on his work.C. Attend the concert.D. Go on a vacation.2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A. An article about the election.B. A tedious job to be done.C. An election campaign.D. A fascinating topic.4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.B. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.5. A. He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B. He is going to take on a new job next week.C. He has many things to deal with right now.D. He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A. A large number of students refused to vote last night.B. At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C. Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A. The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B. The speakers like watching TV very much.C. The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D. The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A. The woman should have registered earlier.B. He will help the woman solve the problem.C ) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. Persuade the man to join her company.B. Employ the most up-to-date technology.C. Export bikes to foreign markets.D. Expand their domestic business.10. A. The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B. The government has control over bicycle imports.C. They can compete with the best domestic manufacturers.D. They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11. A. Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B. More workers will be needed to do packaging.C. They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D. It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12. A. Report to the management.B. Attract foreign investments.C. Conduct a feasibility studyD. Consult financial experts.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B. Anything that can be used to produce power.C. Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D. Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14. A. Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B. Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C. Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D. Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.15. A. Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B. Start developing alternative fuels.C. Find the real cause for global warming.D. Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A ), B ), C. and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 71 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. The ability to predict fashion trends.B. A refined taste for artistic works.C. Years of practical experience.D. Strict professional training.17. A. Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialties.B. Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C. Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D. Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18. A. She has access to fashionable things.B. She is doing what she enjoys doing.C. She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D. She is free to do whatever she wants.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. Join in neighborhood patrols.B. Get involved in his community.C. voice his complaints to the city council.D. Make suggestions to the local authorities.20. A. Deterioration in the quality of life.B. Increase of police patrols at night.C. Renovation of the vacant buildings.D. Violation of community regulations.21. A. They may take a long time to solve.B. They need assistance from the city.C. They have to be dealt with one by one.D. They are too big for individual efforts.22. A. He had got some groceries at a big discount.B. He had read a funny poster near his seat.C. He had done a small deed of kindness.D. He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A. Childhood and healthy growth.B. Pressure and heart disease.C. Family life and health.D. Stress and depression.24. A. It experienced a series of misfortunes.B. It was in the process of reorganization.C. His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D. His wife left him because of his bad temper.25. A. They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B. They could remove the block in his artery.C. They could do nothing to help him.D. They would try hard to save his life.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When thepassage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When most people think of the word "education," they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers（26）stuff "education."But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not （27 ）the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the 28 of what is in the mind."The most important part of education," once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the （29） Harvard philosopher, "is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him. And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, "I know, learn from me." He said, rather, "Look into your own selvers and find the （30） of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (点燃) to a（ 31）." In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of （32）, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really "knows" geometry--because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.So many of the discussions and （33） about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they（34） what should "go into" the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, "I spend so much time studying that I don't have a chance to learn anything," was clearly expressing his （ 35 ） with the sausage-casing view of education.2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题MP3下载(含文本)(第一套)答案Section A 参考答案1. C)【精析】行动计划题。

2015年12月英语六级考试真题带答案(第三套)

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picturebelow.You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online.You arerequired to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力音频地址：/attached/media/20160512/20160512175650_9309.mp3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the endof each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will bea pause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet I with a single line through the centre.1.A.She has completely recovered.B.She went into shock after an operation.C.She is still in a critical condition.D.She is getting much better.2.A.Ordering a breakfast.B.Booking a hotel room.C.Buying a train ticket.D.Fixing a compartment.3.A.Most borrowers never returned the books to her.B.The man is the only one who brought her book back.C.She never expected anyone to return the books to her.D.Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.4.A.She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.B.She attended the supermarket's grand opening ceremony.C.She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.D.She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.5.A.He is bothered by the pain in his neck.B.He cannot do his report without a computer.C.He cannot afford to have a coffee break.D.He feels sorry to have missed the report.6.A.Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.B.The gallery space is big enough for the man's paintings.C.The woman would like to help with the exhibition layout.D.The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.7.A.The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.B.The man works in the same department as the woman does.C.The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.D.The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.8.A.It was better than the previous one.B.It distorted the mayor's speech.C.It exaggerated the city's economic problems.D.It reflected the opinions of most economists.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.To inform him of a problem they face.B.To request him to purchase control desks.C.To discuss the content of a project report.D.To ask him to flX the dictating machine.10.A.They quote the best price in the market.B.They manufacture and sell office furniture.C.They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.D.They cannot produce the steel sheets needed.11.A.By marking down the trait price.B.By accepting the penalty clauses.C.By allowing more time for delivery.D.By promising better after-sales service.12.A.Give the customer a ten percent discount.B.Claim compensation from the steel suppliers.C.Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.D.Cancel the contract with the customer.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Stockbroker.B.Physicist.C.Mathematician.D.Economist.14.A.Improve computer programming.B.Explain certain natural phenomena.C.Predict global population growth.D.Promote national financial health.15.A.Their different educational backgrounds.B.Changing attitudes toward nature.C.Chaos theory and its applications.D.The current global economic crisis.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of eachpassage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C.and D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.They lay great emphasis on hard work.B.They name 150 star engineers each year.C.They require high academic degrees.D.They have people with a very high IQ.17.A.Long years of job training.B.High emotional intelligence.C.Distinctive academic qualifications.D.Devotion to the advance of science.18.A.Good interpersonal relationships.B.Rich working experience.C.Sophisticated equipment.D.High motivation.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.A diary.B.A fairy tale.C.A history textbook.D.A biography.20.A.He was a sports fan.B.He loved adventures.C.He disliked school.D.He liked hair-raising stories.21.A.Encourage people to undertake adventures.B.Publicize his colorful and unique life stories.C.Raise people's environmental awareness.D.Attract people to America's national parks.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A.The first infected victim.B.A coastal village in Africa.C.The doctor who lust identified it.D.A river running through the Congo.23.A.They exhibit similar symptoms.B.They can be treated with the same drug.C.They have almost the same mortality rate.D.They have both disappeared for good.24.A.By inhaling air polluted with the virus.B.By contacting contaminated body fluids.C.By drinking water from the Congo River.D.By eating food grown in Sudan and Zalre.25.A.More strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.B.Scientists will eventually fred cures for Ebola.C.Another Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later.D.Once infected, one will become immune to Ebola.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the irst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also beprogrammed to behave in an agreeable manner.Those 26 that make interaction with other peopleenjoyable would be simulated as closely as possible, and the machine would 27 charming,stimulating, and easygoing.Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, andyet the machine would remain slightly 28 and therefore interesting.In its first encounter it might besomewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the user it would progress to a more 29 and intimate style.The machine would not be a passive 30 but would add its ownsuggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes 31 developing or changing the topicand would have a personality of its own.The machine would convey presence: We have all seen how a computer's use of personal namesoften 32 people and leads them to treat the machine as if it were almost human.Such features areeasily written into the software.By introducing 33 forcefulness and humor, the machine could bepresented as a vivid and unique character.Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it 34 the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another.At an 35 timeit might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.Part m Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor.Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to onlineshopping sites that never close.It's no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't getthe 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep--on the weekend, say--is a hotly 38 topicamongsleep researchers.The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't 39 , it might help.When Liu, theUCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-restricted people into the labfor a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 41 in theability of insulin (胰岛素) to process blood sugar.That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo somebut not all of the damage that sleep 42 causes, which is encouraging, given how many adults don'tget the hours they need each night.Still, Liu isn't 43 to endorse the habit of sleeping less andmaking up for it later.Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either."A sleeping pillwill 45 one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because youcouldn't really replicate (复制 ) the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brainto go through the different stages of sleep," says Dr.Nancy Collop, director of the Emory UniversitySleep Center.A.alternativelyB.catersC.chronicallyD.debatedE.deprivationF.idealG.improvementsH.necessarilyI.negotiatedJ.pierceK.presumptionL.readyM.recommendedN.surpassesO.targetSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Climate change may be real, but it's still not easy being greenHow do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists.[A] The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions.Politicians may tackle polluters whilescientists do battle with carbon emissions.But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: ourown behaviour.We get distracted before we can turn down the heating.We break our promise notto fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to India.Ultimately, we can't be bothered to changeour attitude.Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able todo that for us.[B] Despite mournful polar beats and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find ithard to believe that global warming will affect them personally.Recent polls by the Pew ResearchCentre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as animportant issue.But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C] This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness."When we can't actually removethe source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defencemechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation WorldWide Fund for Nature.[ D] Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman.Evolution has programmed humans to pay mostattention to issues that will have an immediate impact."We worry most about now because if wedon't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says ProfessorElke Weber of the Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in NewYork.If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem ofemissions pretty quickly.But in practice, our brain discounts the risks--and benefits--associatedwith issues that lie some way ahead.[E] Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford,sees this in his lab every day."One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is thatthey assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," hesays."This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would havebeen very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F] Not any longer.By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well betoo late.And ff we're not going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have tohelp us to do so.[G] Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealthand Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein.They argue that governments shouldpersuade us into making better decisions--such as saving more in our pension plans--by changingthe default options.Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similartactics.If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developerswould be too lazy to challenge them.[H] Defaults are certainly part of the solution.But social scientists are most concerned about craftingmessages that exploit our group mentality (,~, ~ )."We need to understand what motivatespeople, what it is that allows them to make change," says Professor Neil Adger, of the TyndallCentre for Climate Change Research in Norwich."It is actually about what their peers think ofthem, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, ourinner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[ I ] The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in--and measuring us against--our peer group."Social norms are primitive and elemental," says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion."Birds flock together, fishschool together, cattle herd together...justperceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjusttheir behaviour in the direction of the crowd."[J] These norms can take us beyond good intentions.Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego inwhich coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors.Some ofthe messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility.Butit was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K] Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use withthe local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour.The Conservatives plan toadopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage onpeople's bills.[L] Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for serf-destructivebehaviour.Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意的) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible.Cialdini recommends somecareful framing of the message."Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the messageneeds to marginalise it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, itreduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M] Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial.The most successful environmental strategywill marry the green message to our own sense of identity.Take your average trade unionmember, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action--muchlike Erica Gregory.A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is settingup one of 1,i00 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmentalcampaign aimed at trade unionists.[N] Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychologyright--in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organisinggroups."I think it's a terrific idea," she says of the campaign."The union backing it makesmembers think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the firstmeeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O] Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the futureof environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change.., and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil societynetworks in the UK," he says. The " Love Food, Hate Waste" campaign entered into acollaboration last year with another such network--the Women's Institute.Londoner Rachel Taylorjoined the campaign with the aim of making new friends.A year on, the meetings have madelasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen."It's always more of an incentive if you'redoing it with other people," she says."It motivates you more if you know that you've got toprovide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across thepolitical establishment.In the US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approveda bill allocating $10 million a year to studyingenergy-related behaviour.In the UK, new studiesare in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices.Withthe help of psychologists, there is fresh hope that we might go green after all.46.When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it.47.To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.48.It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.49.Politicians are beginning to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climatechange.50.To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.51.In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.52.One study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behaviour.53.Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.54.We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.55.Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people's behaviour.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C.andD ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then atVanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability toretain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called "preparation for futurelearning." The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protectbald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality(although the college students had better spelling skills ). From the standpoint of a traditionaleducator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems andextinction, major scientific ideas.The researchers decided to go deeper, however.They asked both groups to generate questionsabout important issues needed to create recovery plans.On this task, they found large differences.College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their hab/tats (栖息地).Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles ( "How big are they?" and "What dothey eat?" ).The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, thecornerstone of criticalthinking.They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools.At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied howlearning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry.We found that whenwe taught participants to ask "What if?" and "How can?" questions that nobody present would knowthe answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit--asking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results.Specifically, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit.Rather than merely askingabout something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question.Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into thescience content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional rmal learningenvironments tolerate failure better than schools.Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allowstudents to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum.Butpeople must acquire this skill somewhere.Our society depends on them being able to make criticaldecisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global energy needs anddemands.For that, we have a robust informal learning system that gives no grades, takes all comers,and is available even on holidays and weekends.56.What is traditional educators' interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph ?A.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.B.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.cation has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.cation has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.57.In what way are college students different from children?A.They have learned to think critically.B.They are concerned about social issues.C.They are curious about specific features.D.They have learned to work independently.58.What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?A.It arouses students' interest in things around them.B.It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquiries.C.It trains students' ability to design scientific experiments.D.It helps students realize not every question has an answer.59.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?A.It allows for failures.B.It is entertaining.C.It charges no tuition.D.It meets practical needs.60.What does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?A.Train students to think about global issues.B.Design more interactive classroom activities.C.Make full use of informal learning resources.D.Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage."There's an old saying in the space world: amateurs talk about technology, professionals talkabout insurance." In an interview last year with The Economist, George Whitesides, chief executive ofspace-tourism fu'm Virgin Galactic, was placing his company in the latter category.But insurance willbe cold comfort following the failure on October 31st of VSS Enterprise, resulting in the death of onepilot and the severe injury to another.On top of the tragic loss of life, the accident in California will cast a long shadow over the future of space tourism, even before it has properly begun.The notion of space tourism took hold in 2001 with a $ 20 million flight aboard a Russianspacecraft by Dennis Tito, a millionaire engineer with an adventurous streak.Just haft a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then, for similarly astronomical price tags. But more recently,companies have begun to plan more affordable "suborbital" flights--briefer ventures just to the edge ofspace's vast darkness.Virgin Galactic had, prior to this week's accident, seemed closest to startingregular flights.The company has already taken deposits from around 800 would-be space tourists,including Stephen Hawking.After being dogged by technical delays for years, Sir Richard Branson, Virgin Galactic's founder,had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon asFebruary 2015. That now seems an impossible timeline. In July, a sister craft of the crashedspaceplane was reported to be about half-finished.The other half will have to walt, as authorities ofAmerica's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA.and National Transportation Safety Board work out:what went wrong.In the meantime, the entire space tourism industry will be on tenterhooks (坐立不安).The 2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act, intended to encourage private space vehicles andservices, prohibits the transportation secretary (and thereby the FAA.from regulating the design oroperation of private spacecraft, unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or.passengers.That means that the FAA could suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to fly.It could also insiston checking private manned spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial aircraft.While that may:make suborbital travel safer, it would add significant cost and complexity to an emerging industry thathas until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and dreamy engineers.How Virgin Galactic, regulators and the public respond to this most recent tragedy will determinewhether and how soon private space travel can transcend that playground.There is no doubt that space flight entails risks, and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks, and to reduce them.with the benefit of hard-won experience.61.What is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?A.It may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.B.It has a strong negative impact on space tourism.C.It may discourage rich people from space travel.D.It has aroused public attention to safety issues.62.What do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?A.It has just built a craft for commercial flights.B.It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.C.It was about ready to start regular business.D.It is the first to launch "suborbital" flights.63.What is the purpose of the 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act?A.To ensure space travel safety.B.To limit the FAA's functions.C.To legalize private space explorations.D.To promote the space tourism industry.64.What might the FAA do after the recent accident in California?A.Impose more rigid safety standards.B.Stop certifying new space-tourist agencies.C.Amend its 2004 Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.D.Suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.65.What does the author think of private space travel?A.It is worth promoting despite the risks involved.B.It should not be confined to the rich only.C.It should be strictly regulated.D.It is too risky to carry on.Part IV Translation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2015年12月大学英语6级真题(含3套)

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Part II Listening Comprehension(30minutes)Section A1.A)Prepare for his exams.B)Catch up on his work.C)Attend the concert.D)Go on a vacation.2.A)Three crew members were involved in the incident.B)None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C)The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D)None of the passengers were injured or killed.3.A)An article about the election.B)A tedious job to be done.C)An election campaign.D)A fascinating topic.4.A)The restaurant was not up to the speakers'expectations.B)The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C)The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D)Chinatown has got the best restaurant in the city.5.A)He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B)He is going to take on a new job next week.C)He has many things to deal with right now.D)He behaves in a way nobody understands.6.A)A large number of students refused to vote last night.B)At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C)Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D)More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7.A)The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B)The speakers like watching TV very much.C)The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D)The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8.A)The woman should have retired earlier.4B)He will help the woman solve the problem.C)He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D)The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions9to12are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)Persuade the man to join her company.B)Employ the most up-to-date technology.C)Export bikes to foreign markets.D)Expand their domestic business.10.A)The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B)The government has control over bicycle imports.C)They can compete with the best domestic manufactures.D)They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11.A)Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B)More workers will be needed to do packaging.C)They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D)It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12.A)Report to the management.B)Attract foreign investments.C)Conduct a feasibility study.D)Consult financial experts.Questions13to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A)Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B)Anything that can be used to produce power.C)Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D)Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14.A)Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B)Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C)Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D)Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by2015.15.A)Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B)Start developing alternative fuels.C)Find the real cause for global warming.D)Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect. Section BPassage OneQuestions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)The ability to predict fashion trends.B)A refined taste for artistic works.C)Years of practical experience.D)Strict professional training.17.A)Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialities.B)Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C)Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D)Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18.A)She has access to fashionable things.B)She is doing what she enjoys doing.C)She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D)She is free to do whatever she wants. Passage TwoQuestions19to22are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Join in neighborhood patrols.B)Get involved in his community.C)Voice his complaints to the city council.D)Make suggestions to the local authorities.20.A)Deterioration in the quality of life.B)Increase of police patrols at night.C)Renovation of the vacant buildings.D)Violation of community regulations.21.A)They may take a long time to solve.B)They need assistance form the city.C)They have to be dealt with one by one.D)They are too big for individual efforts.22.A)He had got some groceries at a big discount.B)He had read a funny poster near his seat.C)He had done a small deed of kindness.D)He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions23to25are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)Childhood and family growth.B)Pressure and disease.C)Family life and health.D)Stress and depression.24.A)It experienced a series of misfortunes.B)It was in the process of reorganization.C)His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D)His wife left him because of his bad temper.25.A)They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B)They could remove the block in his artery.C)They could do nothing to help him.D)They would try hard to save his life.Section CWhen most people think of the word“education”,they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing.Into this empty casting,the teachers(26)stuff“education.”But genuine education,as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago,is not(27)the stuffing of information into a person,but rather eliciting knowledge from him;it is the(28)of what is in the mind.“The most important part of education,”once wrote William Ernest Hocking,the(29) Harvard philosopher,“is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him.”And,as Edith Hamilton has reminded us,Socrates never said,“I know,learn from me。

12月英语六级听力题原文及答案

12月英语六级听力题原文及答案2015年12月英语六级听力题原文及答案Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscored the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team maybe composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems.When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who had been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created.Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society it supposedly serves.A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, teambuilding may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance.Casey, an expert in this filed, suggests that the cooperation process within teams, must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team cooperation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique, and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests that the multiculturalmanagers exhibit understandings of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertiveness.If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.问题+答案：16. What should team members do to fully realize their potential?B) Follow closely the fast development of technology.17. What needs to be considered for effective team management?B) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.18. What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?D) A team manager should develop a certain set skills.Passage 2In early 1994, when Marc Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But web Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends, had developed a program, which could send images over the web as well.Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993, and by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, hestarted to have meetings with the man called Jim Clark, who was one of the valley’s most famous entrepreneurs.In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within 2 years. He suggested, they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic, but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest 3 million dollars of his own money in the project and raised an extra 15 million from venture capitalists who are always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.问题+答案：19. What do we learn about Mosaic?A) It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. What did Andreessen do upon arriving Silicon Valley?B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.21. Why would venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?B) They had confidence in his new ideas.。

201512月大学英语六级考试真题

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center1. A) She is amazed at the fast change of technology.B) She is unable to use the new computer program.C) She is unaware her operation system is outdated.D) She is impatient to learn computer programming.2. A) He prefers to stay home for the holiday. C) He is going out of town for a couple of days.B) He has long been fed up with traveling. D) He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown3. A) The location for their new office. C) Their expansion into the overseas market.B) The challenges facing East Asia. D) The living expenses in Tokyo andSingapore.4. A) The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.B) The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.C) A number of cell phones were found after the last show.D) Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5. A) Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.B) The construction schedule may not be met.C) The project is being held up by bad weather.D) The building materials will be delivered soon,6. A) She resents the way she is treated.B) She never intends to hurt anyone.C) She is getting very forgetful these daysD) She does not hold on to bitter feelings.7. A) The man is trying to sell the woman a houseB) The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C) The woman is moving to a foreign country.D) The man wants to rent a small apartment.8. A) They are writing a story for the Morning News.B) They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C) They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D) They are conducting a survey among the women in town.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Make him cry. C) Make him feel young.B) Touch his heart. D) Remind him of his life.10. A) He is good at singing operas. C) He loves country music in particularB) He enjoys complicated music. D) He can sing any song if he likes it11. A) Go to a bar and drink for hours. C) Go to work and wrap himself up in music.B) Go to an isolated place to sing blues. D) Go to see a performance in a concert hall.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) How he does his job C) How he writes news stories.B) How he makes his living. D) How he became an announcer.13. A) They polish incoming news stories.B) They gather news stories on the spot.C) They write the first version of news stories.D) They write comments on major news stories.14. A) Reading through the news stories in a given period of time,B) Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C) Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D) Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15. A) It serves as a reminder of sad news C) It alerts him to somethingimportantB) It gives a signal for him to slow down D) It shows where advertisements come in.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B). C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) It was invented by an American Indian.B) It can be found in many parts of the world.C) It is often carried around by small children.D) It gives pleasure to both adults and children.17. A) They were collected by a number of museums.B) They were small circus figures made of wire.C) They were delicate geometric figures.D) They were made for earning a living.18. A) In engineering. C) In artB) In circus performance. D) In geometry. Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They have trouble dealing with overseas students.B) They admit more students than they can handle.C) They offer students a wide variety of courses.D) They attract students from all over the world.20. A) Everyone has a right to an education to an appropriate to his potential.B) A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.C) A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.D) Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.21. A) He treats all his students in a fair manner.B) He tailors his teaching to students' needs.C) He enjoys teaching intelligent students.D) He likes students with high motivation.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.B) It has a direct impact on the international oil market.C) It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.D) It is mostly imported from the Middle East.23. A) Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.B) Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.C) It is used in a variety of forms.D) It eventually turns into heat.24. A) When it is used in rural areas.B) When it operates at near capacity.C) When it is environment-friendly.D) When it operates at regular times,25. A) Global warming.B) Fuel shortage.C) Inefficient use of energy,D) Traffic jams in cities.Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section. there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line throughthe center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says. is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S .government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41 after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[A]Politicians arc fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraftcarrier: they arc unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can't turn something that target on a dime (10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.[B] in physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder (大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring (possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[C] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[D]One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology isdeployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shared bulbs, and more. It is suite easy with all that choice. T o change a light bulb and its fixture. [E] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[F] And there is more to the story, because not only arc the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[G] As lighting expert Howard Braadston points out, "Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications." There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements thatneed to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的)relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[H] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[I]Another type of momentum weave have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers, designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time. And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyondgraduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.[J] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to cam that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40 and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years! The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[k] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner."[L] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can helpyou decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B). C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro." By the late 1960s, that term was overtaken by "Black." And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "Africa American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already been (recd of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American."But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans;' researchers,until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people arc viewed more negatively than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result, "Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world Even seemingly harmless details on a r6sum6, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups suchas the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black." With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary, professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $29,000, and guessed that be had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American," though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois' s original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts."56. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American “for people of African descent?A) It is free from racial biases. C) It is in the interest of common Americans.B) It represents social progress. D) It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?A) It advances with the times. C) It merits intensive study.B) It is based on racial roots. D) It is politically sensitive.58. What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A) Racial biases arc widespread in the professional world.B) Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumesC) Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.D) Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A) African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B) Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C) People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D) One's professional standing and income arc related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A) All Americans enjoy equal rights. C) A new term is created to address African Americans.B) A person is judged by their worth. D) All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologist , Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa. In 2011 they released a landmark study titled "Academically Adrift, "which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards, Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job, students spent, on average. only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party. Hamiltondescribes what she calls the "party pathway." which eases many students through college, helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors. By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are "catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they arc to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either.As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A) It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B) It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C) It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D) It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A) The diluted college curriculum. C) The absence of rigorous discipline.B) The boring classroom activities. D) The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A) They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B) They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C) They seem to be out of touch with society.D) They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A) They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B) They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C) They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D) They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A) American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B) People should not expect too much from American higher education.C) The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D) It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education. Part IVTranslationDirections: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2015年12月英语六级听力(1)

2015年12月英语六级听力（1）以下内容均来源于网络，版权归网站所有考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。

Short conversations1. B. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting.2. B. He is opening a new consulting firm.3. B. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet.4. D. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly.5. C. Redecorating her office.6. A. Shortage of container ships.7. A. A colleague.8. C. Hold the banquet at a different place.短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscored the need for better coordination in organizations. Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team maybe composed of knowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems.When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations, who had been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created.Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society it supposedly serves.A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, teambuilding may be necessary in order to improve the group’s performance.Casey, an expert in this filed, suggests that the cooperation process within teams, must be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team cooperation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may then produce something new, unique, and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests that the multicultural managers exhibit understandings of their own and others’ cultural influences and limitat ions. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertiveness.If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.问题+答案：16. What should team members do to fully realize their potential?B) Follow closely the fast development of technology.17. What needs to be considered for effective team management?B) What type of personnel the team should be composed of.18. What conclusion can we draw from what Casey says?D) A team manager should develop a certain set skills.Passage 2In early 1994, when Marc Andreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an idea that would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he and his friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people to share information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been used mainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to send and receive text. But web Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends, had developed a program, which could send images over the web as well.Mosaic was an overnight success. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993, and by the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessen went to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started to have meetings with the man called Jim Clark, who was one of the valley’s most famous entrepreneurs.In 1994, nobody was making any real money from the Internet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen an opportunity that would make him and Clark rich within 2 years. He suggested, they should create a new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic, but would be much easier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas and enthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest 3 million dollars of his own money in the project and raised an extra 15 million from venture capitalists who are always keen to listen to Clark’s new ideas.问题+答案：19. What do we learn about Mosaic?A) It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web.20. What did Andreessen do upon arriving Silicon Valley?B) He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark.21. Why would venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?B) They had confidence in his new ideas.Passage3Q22. A. Word-of-mouth advertising.Q23. D. T o build up their reputation.Q24. D. By using the services of large advertising agencies.Q25. C. Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions.。

2015年12月英语六级听力真题卷1

2015 年 12 月英语六级听力真题及答案（第一套） Section A Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and. D., and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the eorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A. The restaurant offers some specials each day. B. The restaurant is known for its food varieties. C. The dressing makes the mixed salad very inviting. D. The woman should mix the ingredients thoroughly. 2. A. He took over the firm from Mary.C. He failed to foresee major problems. B. He is running a successful business.D. He is opening a new consulting firm. 3. A. Someone should be put in charge of office supplies. B. The man can leave the discs in the office cabinet. C. The man may find the supplies in the cabinet. D. The printer in the office has run out of paper. 4.A. He has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly. B. The woman can use his glasses to read. C. He has the dictionary the woman wants. D. The dictionary is not of much help to him. 5.A. Redecorating her office. B. Majoring in interior design. C. Seeking professional advice. D. Adding some office furniture. 6.A. Problems in port management. B. Improvement of port facilities. C. Delayed shipment of goods. D. Shortage of container ships. 7.A. Their boss.B. A colleague. C. Their workload. D. A coffee machine. 8.A. Call the hotel manager for help. B. Postpone the event until a later date. C. Hold the banquet at a different place. D. Get an expert to correct the error. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9.A. He shares some of the household duties. B. He often goes back home late for dinner. C. He cooks dinner for the family occasionally. D. He dines out from time to time with friends. 10.A. To take him to dinner. B. To talk about a budget plan. C. To discuss an urgent problem. D. To pass on an important message. 11. A. Foreign investors are losing confidence in India's economy. B. Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India. C. There are wild fluctuations in the international money market. D. There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A. They have unrealistic expectations about the other half. B. They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship. C. They form a more realistic picture of life. D. They try to adapt to their changing roles. 13. A. He is lucky to have visited many exotic places. B. He is able to forget all the troubles in his life. C. He is able to meet many interesting people. D. He is lucky to be able to do what he loves. 14.A. It is stressful. B. It is full of tim. C. It is all glamour. D. It is challenging 15. A. Bothered. B. Amazed.C. Puzzled. D. Excited. Section B Directions : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B.,C. and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. Maintain the traditional organizational culture. B. Learn new ways of relating and working together. C. Follow closely the fast development of technology. D. Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization. 17. A. How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve. B. How the team is built to keep improving its performance. C. What type of personnel the team should be composed of. D. What qualifications team members should be equipped with. 18. A. A team manager must set very clear and high objectives. B. Teams must consist of members from different cultures. C. Team members should be knowledgeable and creative. D. A team manager should develop a certain set of skills. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A. It is a platform for sharing ideas on teaching at the University of Illinois. B. It was mainly used by scientists and technical people to exchange text. C. It started off as a successful program but was unable to last long. D. It is a program allowing people to share information on the Web. 20. A. He visited a number of famous computer scientists. B. He met with an entrepreneur named Jim Clark. C. He sold a program developed by his friends. D. He invested in a leading computer business. 21.A. They had confidence in his new ideas.B. They trusted his computer expertise. C. They were very keen on new technology. D. They believed in his business connections. Passage Three Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A. Prestige advertising. B. Institutional advertising. C. Word of mouth advertising. D. Distributing free trial products. 23.A. To sell a particular product. B. To build up their reputation. C. To promote a specific service. D. To attract high-end consumers. 24. A. By using the services of large advertising agencies. B. By hiring their own professional advertising staff. C. By buying media space in leading newspapers. D. By creating their own ads and commericais. 25. A. Decide on what specific means of communication to employ. B. Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs. C. Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail. D. Pretest alternative ads or commercials in certain regions. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hoar a passage three times. When the passage is read for thofirst time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When tho passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in tho blanks with the exact words you have just hoard. Finally, when tho passage is read for the third time, you should chock what you have written. Extinction is difficult concept to grasp. It is an（26）concept. It's not at all like the killing of individual lifeforms that can be renewedthrough normal processes of reproduction. Nor is it simply（27） numbers. Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be ound. Nor is it something that simply affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is rather an（28）and final act for which thereis no remedyon earth or in heaven. A species once extinct is goneforever. However many generations（29)us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this species that we extinguish. Not only are we bringing about the extinction of life（30）, we are also making the land and the air and the sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.（31）basic natural resources, not only are the nonrenewable resources being（32）in a frenzy ( 疯狂) of processing,consuming, and （33）, but we are also mining much of our renewable resources, such as the very soil itself on which terrestrial (地球上的) life depends. The change that is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs, perhaps the greatest, since what we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural（34）, but a change of geological and biological as well as psychological order of（35)。

2015年12月大学英语六级真题试卷(三)(题后含答案及解析)

2015年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（三）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Identifying Misleading Information Online As is revealed in the picture, a man is sitting in front of the computer searching information from the Internet, while a woman is standing by the door, holding a cup of coffee. The most striking feature is the caption under the picture, which reads “I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information!”Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. By no means can we deny that Internet is playing an increasingly important role in our information society and we couldn’t be off it in every way. For instance, we need deal with all kinds of data and information everyday by computer and Internet. Nevertheless, with a large amount of information coming up, the severity of misleading information arises. Sadly, if we lack the ability to distinguish the true information from the misleading one, we will finally fall prey to it, because the misleading information may get people into bad habits, and even make them commit crimes. Numerous network fraud is a living example. From what have been discussed above, it is necessary that some effective measures be taken to prevent ourselves from being misled by junk information. And in my opinion, learning to identify the authenticity of information is the most practical measure.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：W: I was shocked to hear of your wife’s illness. Is she going to be all right?M: At first, the doctors weren’t sure, but she’s really improved. She’ll be home next week. Q: What do we learn about the man’s wife from the conversation?2．A．She has completely recovered.B．She went into shock after an operation.C．She is still in a critical condition.D．She is getting much better.正确答案：D解析：对话中，女士说她对听说男士的妻子生病感到十分震惊，并询问是不是好转了；男士说最初连大夫都没把握，但现在他的妻子已经好多了，下周就会出院。

2015年12月六级考试真题及答案解析三套汇总

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networking website.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题(第一套)--剩下的部分

Conversation TwoW: Charles, among other things, you are regarded as one of the America's great masters of the Blues, a musical idiom that's about loss, particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealistic expectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn't turn out to be who they thought he or she was, they start thinking "maybe I can change him or her". That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people are going to be pretty much what they are. It's a rare thing for anybody to be able to change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your life touring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music. I don't especially love life on the road, but I figure if you are lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you've got the ultimate in life.W: What's the most widely-held misconception about the life a famous musician?M: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same trouble as they do. Playing music doesn't mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhere you go?M: You'd think I'd be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating. You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they know you on site and know all of your music. I'm still amazed by the love people express for me and by music.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the man say about most people when they get into love affairs?6. What does the man say about himself as a singer on the road most of his life?7. What do most people think of the life of a famous musician?9. How does the man feel whenever he is recognized by his fans?Section BPassage OneChanging technology and markets have stimulated the team approach to management. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budget cuts have all underscored theneed for better coordination in organizations. Team management calls for new skills if personnel potential is to be fully relating and working together to solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist of experienced employees from hierarchical organizations who have been conditioned to traditional organizational culture, cooperation may not occur naturally. It may need to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team can function more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization or society that it supposedly serves. A group of individuals is not automatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order to improve the group's performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests that the cooperation process within teams ust be organized, promoted and managed. He believes that team corporation results when members go beyond their individual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together, the team may the produce something new, unique and superior to that of any one member. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibit understanding of their own and other's cultural influences and limitations. They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistence and patience, as well as assertiveness. If a team manager exemplifies such qualities, the team, as a whole, would be better able to realize their potential and achieve their objectives.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. What should team members do to fully realize their potential?10. What needs to be considered for effective team management?11. What conclusion can we draw from what Casey say?Passage TwoAdvertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form of advertising is probably word-of-mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and buy media space themselves, the tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff. The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget, a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign known as a brief and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media plan, specifying which media will be used and in which proportions. Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pretested in newspapers, television stations, etc., in different parts of the country before a final choice is made prior to anational campaign.Questions 12 5o 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?13. What does the speaker say is the purpose of many organizations using prestige advertising?14. How do large companies generally handle their advertising?15. What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?Section CNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.Moderator:Hello, ladies and gentlemen, it is great honor to introduce our speaker for today's lecture, Dr.Steven Taylor. Dr Taylor, professor of sociology at University of Oxford, has written numerous articles and books on the topic of love, which is the most simple but important issue in everybody's life. Welcome,Dr. Taylor.Dr. Taylor:Good morning, everyone. I'm sure you all have got some deep feelings of life. And you may have tried different kinds of descriptions of your own life. What I want to tell you today is that life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sorrow, success and failure, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach us new lessons and make us a better person. With each passing day we learn to handle various situations.First, let's talk about love.Love plays an important role in our life. Love makes you fell wanted. Without love a person could become cruel.Second, do you think you are a happy person?Materialistic happiness is short-lived, but happiness achieved by bringing a smile on another person's face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Peace of mind is the main link to happiness. No mind is happy without peace.Third, I'm sure you all have experienced success as well as failure.Failure is the path to success. It helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. The only way to show our gratitude to God for giving us success is by being humble, modest and respectful to the less fortunate ones.The last thing I want to share with you is about hope and despair.Hope is what keeps life going. Parents always hope their children do well. Hope makes us dream. Hope builds in patience. Life teaches us not to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is day. Nothing remains the same. We have only one choice: keep moving on in life and be hopeful. Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is working hardtoday, so that we will enjoy a better tomorrow.After all of these, have you got a totally brand new feeling towards your own life? Or maybe you will have a different opinion about what you have experienced before? I do hope that you will understand life better.Thank you!16. What does the introduction say about the topic of love?17. What is the main link to happiness according to Dr. Taylor?18. How should successful people treat the less fortunate ones according to Dr. Taylor?19. Why should we work hard today?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.Did you know that most people find it difficult to write sales copy that works? You see there is this idea that sales are all about lies and that you have to be really tricky and clever with words to sell your product.This is absolute misunderstanding. Sure there are people out there selling rubbish and telling lies but you will only buy something from them once and then only oyt of desperation. Most people have a pretty good sense of what is truth.This is all you have to do. Tell the truth about what your product can do for your client. Imagine you have a friend and you are sitting down having a coffee together and they ask you what your product can do for them.Do you pull out the high pressure professional sales pitch or start spinning lies? No, you give them the inside dope, the straight pitch, the "real deal", in short, the plain truth.One of the first lessons I learned when I studied professional copywriting was to write like people talk, using the same rhythm and style. On the Internet the written word is all you've got so you had better make it effective or you are going to lose a hell of a lot of customers. A simple and easy way to write great copy is to audio record yourself actually talking with a real friend about what your product can do for them. Then get someone to type up this conversation and all in the form of an open letter and you will have created sales copy that is better than 90% of the self-centred rubbish out there.There are so many false advertisements out there that people are entranced by honest copy. They don't care if it's rough so long as it reads true.I swear I saw and ad earlier today on a classified site that read "earn $75,000 per week... We do all the work for you." Are they insane? If you were making $75,000 per week, would you even get out of bed, let alone bother signing people up for some dodgy deal?And what about the ads that say no selling? All you have to do introduce 2 people and we do the rest.Don't get me started.Remember, business hasn't changed. People still want to buy from someone they trust. Make sure you have a product you genuinely believe in. Do something you love for work and you willturn your customers. into clients for life.20. What is the misunderstanding about sales according to the speaker?21. What is the simple and easy way to write great copy?22. What does the speaker suggest salespeople do?Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.Experts predict nine billion people will live on our planet by 2050. They say by that time demand for food will be two times what it is now. Officials are worried about that prediction because many people have already suffered from a lack of food. More than 800 million people go to bed hungry.A solution to the problem may be as close ass our forests. A new report says forests could help reduce hunger and improve nutrition if they are properly managed. Sayay Veoun works at the Cambodian Federation for Bee Conservation. He says some of the best honey in the world comes from forests in southern Cambodia. He says they work with five local honey buyers who work with 42 honey collectors. People buy the honey at stores in the capital, PhnomPenh. Honey smells like fresh flowers, which means it is natural honey from the jungle. Healthy forests provide half of the fresh fruit we eat worldwide. They also produce valuable crops like coffee, avocados and other healthful seeds and nuts. Bhaskar Vira is the director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute and an expert of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations. He recently has released a report at the United Nations about forest and jungle foods. It's like an insurance policy. Having access to tress can help feed people living in and around forests. It’s like an insurance policy. Having access to those tree-based foods is hugely important when you can't buy food from other sources or when you can't produce food because your fields have failed. The report says that forest health and economic value improves when people who live in or near forests are given greater control of them. For example, a project in Ghana aims for proper management of forests and fields together. Michael Henchard leads the project. He says he will help people who live nearby earn money and get trees on their land. The people involved hope to grow the Allanblackia plant. The oil from its seed can be used in soap, beauty products and food. The trees provide shade, improve air quality and also help fight climate change.23. What might be a solution to reduce hunger?24. In what case are the tree-based foods hugely important according to Mr. Vira?25. Why do people in Ghana hope to grow the Allanblackia plant?。

2015年六级听力12月第二套

2015年12月份，大家期待已久的六级考试如约而至。

在这场考试中，听力部分一直是考生们最为头疼的部分之一。

2015年12月份第二套六级听力试题更是引起了广泛的关注和热议。

下面我们就对2015年12月份第二套六级听力试题进行分析和讨论，帮助大家更好地备战六级考试。

一、试题概述2015年12月份第二套六级听力试题一共包括四个部分，分别是短对话、长对话、短文理解和听力填空。

整体难度适中，符合六级听力考试的难度定位，考察了考生们在日常生活和学习中的实际应用能力。

二、具体内容分析1. 短对话部分短对话部分主要考察考生们的日常生活交流能力。

对话内容涵盖了日常购物、旅行、学习等方面，考生需要通过对话内容进行信息的获取和判断，从而完成相关的题目要求。

例：一位学生询问图书馆员关于图书馆借书规定的对话。

2. 长对话部分长对话部分主要考察考生们的听力理解能力和信息获取能力。

长对话部分的对话内容更加复杂，考生需要在对话中获取更多的信息，理清对话方与对话方之间的逻辑关系，从而回答相关的问题。

例：一位学生询问导师关于如何选择研究方向的对话。

3. 短文理解部分短文理解部分主要考察考生们对文章整体内容和细节的理解能力。

短文涉及了各个方面的日常话题，如教育、社交、旅行等，并通过对话展开相关的讨论，要求考生们根据听到的内容进行细节的获取和判断。

例：一篇关于怎样在社交场合交谈的短文。

4. 听力填空部分听力填空部分主要考察考生们对具体细节的捕捉和概括能力。

这部分考生需要在听力材料中获取相关的信息，并通过对听到的内容进行理解和概括，从而填写出相关的答案。

例：一篇介绍购物全球信息站优惠活动的听力材料。

三、备考建议1. 多听多练对于如何提高六级听力能力，多听多练是最为重要的一点。

考生可以通过听英文歌曲、看美剧、听英文广播等方式来提高自己的英语听力水平，尤其要注意提高对于各种语速和口音的适应能力。

2. 注重日常积累六级听力考试并非只是检测考生对于听力材料的理解能力，更是对考生平时英语水平的检验。

2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题及答案(一套)

2015年12月大学英语六级听力真题及答案（一套）1. BA) the woman should mix the ingredients thoroughlyB) the dressing makes the mixed salad very invitingC) the restaurant is known for its food varietiesD) the restaurant offers some special cash today2. DA) he took over the firm from MaryB) he is opening a new consulting firmC) he failed to foresee major problemsD) he is running a successful business3. BA) the printer in the office has run out of paperB) the man may find the supplies in the cabinetC) the man can leave the discs in the office cabinetD) someone should be put in charge of office supplies4. DA) the woman can use his glasses to readB) he has the dictionary the woman wantsC) the dictionary is not of much help to himD) he has to use a magnifying glass to see clearly5. CA) seeking professional adviceB) adding some office furnitureC) redecorating her officeD)majoring in interior design6. AA) shortage of container shipsB) improvement of port facilitiesC) delayed shipment of goodsD) problems in port management7. AA) a colleagueB) their bossC) their workloadD) a coffee machine8.CA) call the hotel manager for helpB) get an expert to correct the errorC) hold the banquet at a different placeD) postpone the event until a later date9. DA) he cooks dinner for the family occasionallyB) he dines out from time to time with friendsC) he shares some of the household dutiesD) he often goes back home late for dinner10. DA) to take him to dinnerB) to discuss an urgent problemC) to talk about a budget planD) to pass on an important message11. CA) foreign investors are losing confidence in India s economyB) Many multinational enterprises are withdraw from IndiaC) there is a sharp increase in India s balance of payment deficitD) there are wild fluctuations in the international money market12. DA) they try to adapt to their changing rolesB) they form a more realistic picture of lifeC) they may not be prepared for a lifelong relationshipD) they have unrealistic expectations about the other half13. AA) he is lucky to be able to do what he lovesB) he is able to meet many interesting people。

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2015年12月英语六级真题：听力真题（新东方版）2015年12月英语六级真题：听力真题（新东方版）考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。

【听力】第一版：短对话1.W: Wow, what a variety of salads you’ve got on your menu, could yourecommend something special?M: Well, I think you can try this mixed salad. We make the dressingwith fresh berries.Q: what does the man mean?2.W: I was talking to Mary the other day, and she mentioned that your newconsulting firm is doing really well.M: Yes, business paced up much faster than we anticipated. We now haveover 200 clients.Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?3.W: Do you know where we keep flash disks and printing paper?M: They should be in the cabinet if there are any. That’s where we keepall of our office supplies.Q: what does the woman mean?4.W: The printing of this dictionary is so small. I can’t read theexplanations at all.M: Let me get my magnify glass. I know I just can’t do without it.Q: What does the man mean?5.W: I’m considering having my office redecorated, the furniture is oldand the paint is chipping.M: I’ll give you my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated from aninterior designing academy, and will give a free estimate.Q: What is the woman considering?6.W: We have a full load of goods that needs to be delivered. But wecan’t get a container ship anyway. M: That’s always being a problem in this port. The facilities here arenever able to meet our needs.Q: What are the speakers talking about?7.W: Why didn’t Rod get a pay raise?M: The boss just isn’t convinced that his workattitude warranted it.She said she saw him by the coffee machine more often than at his desk.Q: What are the speakers talking about?8.W: The hotel called, saying that because of the scheduling there, theywon’t be are able to cater for our banquet.M: I know an Indian restaurant on the high street that offers a specialdiner for groups. The food is excellent, and the room is large enough toaccommodate us.Q: What does the man suggest they do?长对话Conversation 1M: Hello Jane.W: Hello Paul.M: Please com ing. I’m just getting ready to go home. Susan is expectingme for dinner. I wanted to be on time for a change.W: Look, I’m terribly sorry to drop in this time on Friday, Paul, butit is rather important.M: That’s OK. What’s the problem?W: Well, Paul, I wo n’t keep you long. You see there is a problem withthe exchange rates. The Indian Rupee has taken a fall on the foreign exchangemarket. You see there is being a sharp increase in Indian’sbalance of paymentdeficit.M: I see. How serious, isn’t it?W: Well, as you know, there have been reports of unrest India, and theprospects for the Rupee look pretty gloomy.M: And that’s going to affect us, as if we didn’t have enough problemson our hands.W: So I thought it would be wise to take out forward exchange cover toprotect our position on the outstanding contract.M: Just a minute. Forward exchange cover, now what does that meanexactly?W: Well, it means that JO notes enters into a commitment to sell IndianRupees at the present rate. M: I see. And how will that benefit us?W: Well, JO notes wouldn’t lose out if Indian Rupee falls further.M: What will it cost, Jane?W: A small percentage, about 1% and that can be built into the price ofthe bike.M: Well, I don’t suppose there is much choice. All right Jane, let’spu t it into action.Q9: What do we learn aboutthe man’s daily life?Q10: Why did the woman cometo see the man?Q11: What makes the womanworry about the Indian Rupee?Conversation 2W: Charles, among other things, you regarded as one of the America’sgreat mas ters of the blues. A musical idiom does essentially about loss,particularly the loss of romantic love. Why does love die?M: People often get into love affairs because they have unrealisticexpectations about somebody. Then when the person doesn’t turn out to be whothey thought he or she was, they start thinking maybe I can change him or her.That kind of thinking is a mistake. Because when the dust settles, people aregoing to be pretty much what they are. It’s a rare thing for anybody to be ableto change who they really are. And this creates a lot of problems.W: At 62, you continue to spend a large percentage of your lifetouring. What appeals to you about life on the road?M: Music, I don’t especially love life on the road, but I figure if youare lucky enough to be able to do what you truly love doing, you’ve got theultimate of life.W: What’s the most widely-held misconception about the life of a famousmusician?M: People think it’s all glamour. Actually we have the same troublesthey do. Playing music doesn’t mean life treats you any better.W: How do you feel about being recognized everywhereyou go?M: You think I be used to it by now. But I still find it fascinating.You go to a little town in Japan, where nobody speaks English, yet they knowyou on side and know all your music. I’m still amazed by the love peopleexpress for me and by music.Q12: What does the man sayabout most people when they get into love affairs?Q13: What does the man sayabout himself as a singer on the road most of his life?Q14: What do most peoplethink of the life of a famous musician?Q15: How does the man feelwhenever he was recognized by his fans?短文Passage 1Changing technology and markets have stimulated the team approach tomanagement. Inflation, resource scarcity, reduced personnel levels and budgetcuts have all underscore the need for better coordination in organizations.Team management provides for this coordination. Team management calls for newskills if personnel potential is to be fully realized. Although a team may be composed ofknowledgeable people, they must learn new ways of relating and working togetherto solve cross-functional problems. When teams consist tobe experiencedemployees from hierarchical organizations, who have been condition totraditional organizational culture. Cooperation may not occur naturally, itmainly to be created. Furthermore, the issue is not just how the team canfunction more effectively, but how it integrates with the overall organization,all society that it supposes it serves. A group of individuals is notautomatically a team. Therefore, team building may be necessary in order toimprove the group’s performance. Casey, an expert in this field, suggests thatthe cooperation process within teams must be organized, promoted and managed.He believes the team corporation results when members go beyond theirindividual capabilities, beyond what each is used to being and doing. Together,the team may then produce something new, unique and superior to that of any onemember. For this to happen, he suggests the multi-cultural managers exhibitunderstanding of their own and others’cultural influences and limitations.They should also cultivate such skills as toleration of ambiguity, persistenceand patience, as well as assertedness. If a team manager exemplifies suchqualities, then the team as a whole would be better able to realize theirpotential and achieve their objectives.Q 16: What should teammembers do to fully realizetheir potential?Q 17: What needs to beconsidered for effective team management?Q 18: What conclusion can wedraw from what Casey says?Passage 2In early 1994, when MarkAndreessen was just 23 years old, he arrived in Silicon Valley with an ideathat would change the world. As a student at the University of Illinois, he andhis friends had developed a program called Mosaic, which allowed people toshare information on the worldwide web. Before Mosaic, the web had been usedmainly by scientists and other technical people, who were happy just to sendand receive text. But with Mosaic, Andreessen and his friends had developed aprogram, which could send images over the web as well. Mosaic was an overnightsuccess. It was put on the university’s network at the beginning of 1993. Andby the end of the year, it had over a million users. Soon after, Andreessenwent to seek his fortune in Silicon Valley. Once he got there, he started tohave meetings with a man called Jim Clark, who was one of the Valley’s mostfamous entrepreneurs. In 1994, nobody was making any real money from theInternet, which was still very slow and hard to use. But Andreessen had seen anopportunity thatwould make him and Clark rich within two years. He suggested they should createa new computer program that would do the same job as Mosaic but would be mucheasier to use. Clark listened carefully to Andreessen, whose ideas andenthusiasm impressed him greatly. Eventually, Clark agreed to invest threemillion dollars of his own money in the project, and to raise an extra fifteenmillion from venture capitalists, who were always keen to listen to Clark’s newideas.Q 19 What do we learn about Mosaic?Q 20 What did Andreessen do upon arriving in Silicon Valley?Q 21Why were venture capitalists willing to join in Clark’s investment?Passage 3Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best form ofadvertising is probably word of mouth advertising which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products or services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods or services relay on this alone,which using paid advertising instead. Indeed many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising which isdesigned to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products. Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements and by media space themselves.They tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than single company. It is also easier for a dissatisfy company to give its account to another agency. And it would be to fire their own advertising staff. The company generally give the advertising agency and agreed budget. A statement of the objective of the advertising campaign know as brief and overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to thetarget customers. The agency creates advertisements and develops a media prime, specifying which mediawill be used and in which proportions.Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that pretested in newspapers, television stations etc. in different parts of the country. Before a final choices was made prior to a national campaign.Q22 What is probably the best form of advertising according to the speaker?Q23 What does the speaker say is the proposes of many organization using prestige advertising ?Q24 How did large companies generally handle their advertising?Q25 What would advertising agencies often do before a national campaign?听写题Extinction is a difficult concept to grasp. It is an eternal concept. It is not at all like the killing of individual life forms that can be renewed through normal processes of reproduction. Nor is simply diminishing numbers.Nor is it damage that can somehow be remedied or for which some substitute can be found. Nor is it something that only affects our own generation. Nor is it something that could be remedied by some supernatural power. It is, rather, an absolute and final act which there is no remedy on earth or in heaven. A species once extinct, it’s gone forever. However many generations succeed us in coming centuries, none of them will ever see this speciesthat we extinguish. Not only us we bring about extinction of life on a vast scale. We are also making the land and the air and sea so toxic that the very conditions of life are being destroyed.As regard natural resources ,not only are the none renewable resources being used up in a of frenzy of processing, consuming and disposing but we are also ruining much of our renewable resources. Such as the very solidself on which terrestrial life depends. The changethat is taking place on the earth and in our minds is one of the greatest changes ever to take place in human affairs. Perhaps thegreatest, since we are talking about is not simply another historical change or cultural modification. But it change the geological and biological as well as psychological order of magnitude.相关推荐：2015年12月英语六级真题及答案专题2015年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2015年12月英语六级成绩查询专题2015年12月英语四级成绩查询专题。