光纤接入网发展

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光纤通信技术的发展及趋势

光纤通信技术的发展及趋势关键词：光纤通信技术发展历史现状发展趋势摘要：本文针对光纤通信技术的发展及趋势展开研究，分别介绍了光纤通信技术的发展历史和现状，以及光纤通信技术的发展趋势，对一些先进的光纤通信技术进行了介绍。

1、导言目前，在实际运用中相当有前途的一种通信技术之一，即光纤通信技术已成为现代化通信非常重要的支柱。

作为全球新一代信息技术革命的重要标志之一，光纤通信技术已经变为当今信息社会中各种多样且复杂的信息的主要传输媒介，并深刻的、广泛的改变了信息网架构的整体面貌，以现代信息社会最坚实的通信基础的身份，向世人展现了其无限美好的发展前景。

自上世纪光纤通信技术在全球问世以来，整个的信息通讯领域发生了本质的、革命性的变革，光纤通信技术以光波作为信息传输的载体，以光纤硬件作为信息传输媒介，因为信息传输频带比较宽，所以它的主要特点是:通信达到了高速率和大容量，且损耗低、体积小、重量轻，还有抗电磁干扰和不易串音等一系列优点，从而备受通信领域专业人士青睐，发展也异常迅猛。

2、光纤通信技术的发展历史总结近十几年来，光纤通信技术有了长足的进展，其中的新技术也不断被发掘，大大提高了传统意义上的通信能力，这使得光纤通信技术在更大的范围内得到了应用。

光纤通信技术是指把光波作为信息传输的载波，以光纤作为信息传输的媒介，将信息进行点对点发送的现代通信方式。

光纤通信技术的诞生及深入发展是信息通信史上一次重要的改革。

光纤通信技术从理论提出到工程领域的技术实现，再到今天高速光纤通信的实现，前后经历了几十年的时间。

上世纪六十年代开始的光纤通信技术最开始起源于国外，当时研制的光纤损耗高达400分贝/千米，后来，英国标准电信研究所提出，在理论上光纤损耗能够降低到20分贝/千米，然后，日本紧接着研制出通信光纤的损耗是100分贝/千米，康宁公司基于粉末法研制出了损耗在20分贝/千米以下的石英光纤，到最近的掺锗石英光纤的损耗降低至0.2分贝/千米，已经接近了石英光纤理论上提出的损耗极限。

GPON光纤接入网络的发展趋势

用户，因此在人口密度比较高的城市，ｎ须每单０Ｌ板支持８Ｐ路ＯＮ口甚至１路ＰＯＮ口（常为１个槽６通６位）这样每路ＧＯｉ下行有２３有效带宽。，Ｐ％Ｉ．Ｇ的再来看看在ＦＴＴＨ场景下的网络建设为什么需要超大分光比。ＦＨ网络建设中，ＤＮ网络占总在ＴＴ０
本特质就是要容量非常大，盖更多的用户。人口覆以比较密集的城市为例，平方公里大概是１０用户。每００
即使１ＯＬ个Ｔ只覆盖￣５］１ｋｍ，么也需要支持２５那．万
线接人为主，由于ＤＳ技术接人距离的限制，Ｌ每个接
２５ｉｓ对称的ＸＰＮＩＨ．Ｇｂｔ不／Ｇ－ＯＳ上下行对称１Ｇｉｓ０ｂｔ／
少居所 ”的建网思路在光接入网的时代又回来了，但
光接入ＴＣＯ点覆盖的范围更容量更大，要的站需点数更少，至可以减少站点数量的８％。以，甚０所针
网络投资的５－７％。人口密集的城市，００在规划一个
ＯＴ机房需要覆盖几万甚至１万ＦＬ０ＴＴＨ用户，要从需
的ＸＧ— Ｏ两个主要备选架构； —ＰＮ２１受ＰＮ２ＮＧＯ．不￣］现有的ＧＰＯＮ标准和光分配网络限制，全新光网络是

宽带接入网中光纤到户技术的发展

宽带接入网中光纤到户技术的发展一、光纤到户技术概述光纤到户技术，简称FTTH（Fiber To The Home），是一种利用光纤作为传输介质，将宽带网络直接接入到用户家庭的通信技术。

这种技术以其高速、稳定、抗干扰性强等优势，正逐渐成为宽带接入网的主流技术。

本文将探讨光纤到户技术的发展背景、关键技术、应用场景以及未来的发展趋势。

1.1 光纤到户技术的发展背景随着互联网的普及和数字经济的发展，用户对宽带网络的需求日益增长。

传统的铜线宽带接入技术已经无法满足用户对高速、大容量网络的需求。

光纤以其传输速度快、带宽大、传输距离远等优点，成为解决这一问题的理想选择。

FTTH 技术的发展，不仅能够提升用户上网体验，还将对整个社会信息化进程产生深远影响。

1.2 光纤到户技术的关键技术光纤到户技术的发展依赖于多项关键技术的支持，主要包括以下几个方面：- 光纤制造技术：高质量的光纤是实现高速、稳定传输的基础。

- 光传输技术：包括光信号的调制、传输和解调等技术。

- 光网络单元（ONU）技术：ONU是光纤网络中的关键设备，负责将光信号转换为电信号，供用户使用。

- 光分路器技术：光分路器用于将光信号分配给多个用户，提高网络的覆盖能力和服务效率。

1.3 光纤到户技术的应用场景光纤到户技术的应用场景非常广泛，包括但不限于以下几个方面：- 家庭宽带接入：为家庭用户提供高速的互联网接入服务。

- 企业网络接入：为企业提供稳定、安全的网络服务，支持企业数据传输和远程办公。

- 智慧城市建设：光纤网络是智慧城市建设的重要基础设施，支持城市智能管理和服务。

- 远程教育和医疗：光纤网络支持高清视频传输，为远程教育和远程医疗提供技术支持。

二、光纤到户技术的标准化与推广光纤到户技术的标准化和推广是实现其广泛应用的关键。

这一过程涉及到多个层面的工作，包括技术标准的制定、政策的支持、市场的培育等。

2.1 光纤到户技术的标准化标准化是确保技术兼容性和互操作性的重要手段。

光纤接入网技术现状及发展趋势

（）源双星形结构。４无这种结构保持了有源双星形
结构就是网络节点的位置和相互连接的几何布局，具体的拓扑结构分为总线形结构、星形结构、源双单有
星结构、源双星形结构、形结构。其中，Ｌ无环ＯＴ为位
结构光纤共享的优点，将有源节点换成了无源分路器，维护方便，可靠性高，成本较低。由于采取一系列
措施，密性也很好，保是一种较好的接入网结构。（）形结构。种结构的所有节点都共用同一条５环这公共链路，成一个环形封闭回路，点之间也可以形节双向传输。优点是提高了线路设定的自由度和灵活其
于电信交换局（称中心局）也一侧的光终端设备，作称光线路终端。光纤接入网的拓扑结构种类如下：（）线形结构。结构是采用一根双向传输的公１总该
入网的理想传输媒介。为了满足用户的需要，国根各据自己的国情，订了接入网改造和建设计划，快制加研制接入网设备，步用光纤取代铜线。由此，纤接逐光
入网得到了迅速发展。光纤用于接入网，主要有以下几个优点：
维普资讯
网络与多媒体
有线电视势
王德秀十堰市科文电脑技术开发有限公司

宽带光纤接入网技术及其发展

光网络单元（Ｎ）的位置可划分为：光纤到路ＯＵ
边（ＴＣ）光纤到小区（ＴＺ）ＦＴ、ＦＴ、光纤到大楼（ＴＢ、光纤到家庭（ＴＨＦＴ）ＦＴ）等几类，从运营角度看，目前常提到的是ＦＴ、ＴＲＦＴ三类。ＴＣＴＣＦＴ和ＴＨＦＴ光纤接入网主要为住宅用户提供服务，将Ｏ０置Ｎ放在路边，每个Ｏ０Ｎ一般可为几栋楼或十几栋楼的用户提供宽带服务，从０Ｕ出来用同轴电缆提供电视Ｎ服务，用双绞线提供电话服务；ＦＴ光纤接入网主ＴＢ
维普资讯
开发与借鉴
宽带光纤接入网技术及其发展
王长香
黄思起
山东大学物流工程技术研究中
山东省鲁商冰轮建筑设计有限公司
【摘要】本文对宽带光纤接入网的结构、采用光纤接入网的意义及技术发展方向进行分析，出光纤接八方提
图１光纤接入网示意图
维普资讯
开发与借鉴
（纤到路边）Ｈｃ光与Ｆ的融合，进而向ＦＴＴＣ发展，以一种新型的组网方案ＦＴ＋ＦＴＣＨＣ
交换局
的主干系统采用共享光纤的方法分别传送数字（向）与模拟信号，取两种信息由设置于路边的光网络单元分别恢复成各
用户侧，要使用光网络单元（Ｎ）将光信号转换Ｏｕ成电信号再传送到用户终端。光纤接入网以主干系统和配线系统的交界点一
一
接入每一用户，需要较大容量的光纤，价格也最贵多星型网由几个用户通过在网络中采用光一电变换

光纤接入网建设模式的新发展

（）１树形接人主干与环形接人主干共同发展
以前接人主干多采用环形结构．主要由于光缆比较稀
纤调配。如图ｌ所示．ｌａ是传统接人主干光缆建设方图（）式，采用光交接箱作为光交接点；而图ｌｂ则较多地引人（）
接人网点的室内光配线架作为光交接点，形成以光缆交接箱和室内光配线架相结合的模式，在光纤接人需求密集的区域．还可以进一步发展成以室内光配线架为主的模式。通过考察。前固网运营商的许多接人局点在地理位置、目空间
（如图２所示）。
等条件上基本能够符合要求。
（）２移动运营商应该重视光缆交接箱的部署和使用移动运营商的光缆接人网基本是以满足基站接人需要
为主的光缆接人网，在光纤的调度上，大部分城市都采
用直接配纤的方式，很少使用光缆交接箱。对于近年发展的大客户接人基本都是以基站为光进行保护；ｎＴＨ的建设需求增多。
变得更加迫切，光缆越来越靠近终端用户，随之而来的是接
入光缆建设规模和覆盖范围的加大。如何搞好接入光缆网络建设．是现在一些大城市接入网建设的重中之重。本文主
要针对大城市在新形势下光缆交接点的设置、接入光缆网
步增长：
・
３光缆交接点设置的调整
对于不同的光纤接入用户发展环境，需要采用不同的光缆交接点形势。目前的环境下，在不管是固定运营
大客户光纤接人数量和比例都大大增加：
商还是移动运营商都需要对光缆交接点的实现方式进
维普资讯
题更加突出。因此，移动运营商不能单纯依靠基站机房
，一
二
周 ‘＼一．
厂囟
＼
、囟、１厂仓’

宽带光纤接入发展趋势研究

低运维工作量和费用。
入１ＯＯＧ新技术尚需一定过程，在这个过程中
４０Ｇ仍然还有生存空间。另一方面，４０Ｇ网络
（４）１０ＧＥＰＯＮ随着标准和产业链的快技术自身也在不断适应新的应用环境，产生了
速成熟，１０ＧＥＰＯＮ以简洁、廉价和产业链成熟的优点，商用规模日益扩大。目前在中国市场上，中兴通讯作为最主要的供应商之一，
在２０１１年上半年已经推出，并通过中国电信
等运营商的评估测试、试商用等，１００Ｇ传输应用的外部条件即将成熟。虽然ＩＯＯＧＷＤＭ技术来势凶猛，但无法改变２０１３年以４０Ｇ
ＷＤＭ网络建设为主的趋势。
ＥＰＯＮ部署规模已经超过２０００万线。主要有平滑演进。②通过降低路由器４０ＧＥ接口成
两个备选架构，一个是ＸＧＰＯＮ１，提供下行
１０Ｇｂｉｔ／ｓ、上行２．５Ｇｂｉｔ／ｓ不对称的速率；另一
很高，同时还具有ＡＴＭ特有的统计复用功能，
可充分利用有限的带宽提高系统资源利用率，服务质量优势也得到继承。（３）基于以太网的ＰＯＮＥＰＯＮ是一种新
型的光纤接入网技术，采用点到多点结构、无
心路由和１００Ｇ线卡的主要路由器设备厂商早
１００ＧＷＤＭ传输系统的主要动力。国际电信联盟组织于２０１０年６月底完成了１００ＧＥ接口技术标准的制定，同时支持１００Ｇ接口的核

宽带光纤接入网的发展趋势(计算机专业英文翻译)

Wide band optical fiber access network trend of developmentThis article first is brief introduced the world broadband access network develops the condition and the main application, next narrated the wide band optical fiber access network merit. With emphasis has once more analyzed the wide band point-to-point active Ethernet optical fiber system and the wide band to the passive optical fiber system characteristic and the application. Meets down proposed our country optical fiber access network sends chem. possible to surmount APON, BPON and the EPON stage, starts from the wide band point-to-point Ethernet optical fiber system and GEPON, finally and even transits to the GPON stage preliminary idea. Finally analyzed the optical fiber communications technology trend of development from each angle.The broadband access network develops condition and main applicationIn fact, looking from the telecommunication development history, when the network number of users achieves certain scale. Each kind of application meets the nature production; this also is so-called steps the Cuff law might to be at especially.In the history one kind of technology since birth has not been having a big pile of application, regardless of is the mobile communication or the Internet, on its short note, the browsing, the net chats and so on the key applications all is develops certain degree after the user scale to produce naturally, but is not sedulously designs beforehand plans.Since has entered for the 21st century, the whole world broadband access network entered the big development phase. To 2004 year's end, the total number of users already achieved 150,000,000, became in the electricity reliable historical account to develop one of quickest telecommunication services, and even was also quicker than the mobile service. For example the whole world mobile service from 10,000,000 developed to 100,000,000 has spent for 5.5 years, but the broadband access service has only used for 3.5 years.According to the IDC forecast, in 2007 the global wide band total user may achieve 209,000,000, in which 9.9, namely about 20,000,000 users for optical fiber access network.The Asian and Pacific area, specially South Korea's and Japan were the broadband access develop the swiftest most and violent country, the South Korean wide band user total already break through 10,000,000, the wide band popular rate occupied the world first, hold family 7 Internet 90%.Japanese Government also vigorously advances the wide band development through each measure, plans in 2005 to enhance the wide band user total to 30,000,000, in which FTTH achieves 1 10, still is the world biggest broadband access market, the total number of users surpasses 30,000,000.American FOC the wide band service localization is one of 2003-2008 year six big goals, in fact the broadband access is becoming the American universal service the next goal. The US broadband access is primarily develops by the cable television and ADSL, because the telecommunication control policy encouragement uses the new technical construction network (e.g. FCC stipulation operation business construction optical fiber access network to be possible not limited the pressure which in local ring circuit non-colligation policy) as well as the competition and the service grows, recently leads the operation business to be extremely positive to the optical fiber to the station (FTTP) development.Speaking of the optical fiber access network, specially the optical fiber to station(FTTP) or optical fiber proficient (FTTH), the whole world already started to enter the unloading phase, only US had 270 FTTP projects, was mostly the local authority, the public company, the property developer and the non-leading telecommunication operation business project. Leading operation business also starts to enter this domain, in which Version plans in 2005 to complete 3,000,000 FTTP; SBC in the plan plans in 2007 in its huge “speed of light” to reach 18,000,000 FTTN, each household has speed 20-39Mb/s, provides the end-to-end tertiary service colligation (trite play) the service. Japan is in the world advances the FTTH most radical country, 2.004 years its optical fiber on already understood more than 18,000,000 households families, but the user development lag, probably was 2,000,000, in 2005 plans develops 10,000,000.Europe quite is steady conservatively, FTTH altogether has laid to 2004 500,000, some 167 small projects or the experimental project are carrying on.Our country broadband access network extremely is also rapid in the near two year development, according to the preliminary statistics, to 2004 year's end our country wide band user is 25,000,000, becomes is inferior to US's second big broadband access market, in which leadership technology is only ADSL, probably accounts for about 70%, next is the Ethernet technology, but also has few wide band wireless turning on and electric cable modem turning on, also occupies regarding the FTTH technology the track stage, the minority developed city already was also starting to consider and to experiment each kind of FTTHI technology.Looking from the wide band application that, according to the American Mai Kenxi Company's newest analysis, the initial period wide band application mainly is the high speed surfer, may make the surfer the time to increase approximately 30%.Hereafter, along with the service large-scale development, develops the power which the new service becomes continues to develop. According to American BHK Corporation demonstrated in 2004 investigation result that, in 2003 the American first five wide band expense was on the net gambles, the adult program, the game, music downloading and the selection and broadcast television, had obviously to the expense class incline tendency.Needs to point out that, discusses needs to pay attention to in a basic understanding using the actuation the erroneous zone, namely cannot place hopes in artificially studies beforehand develops 12 items so-called “the Assassin's mace application”, promoted application. In fact, looking from the telecommunication development history, when the network number of users achieved certain scale, each kind of application meets the nature production; this also is so-called steps the Cuff law might to be at especially. In the history one kind of technology since birth has not been having a big pile of application, regardless of is the mobile communication or the Internet, on its short note, the browsing, the net chats and so on the key applications all is develops certain degree after the user scale to produce naturally, but is not sedulously designs beforehand plans.Wide band optical fiber access network superiorityAlong with the optical fiber in the toll network, the metropolitan area network and even the access network branch section massive applications, the logical trend of development will be continues to the access network to match the line segment and to direct the inlet part to extend, the key is advances the speed quickly? This will be decided by many kindsof factors, including the market demand, the competition need, the application stimulation, the technical progress, the cost drop and necessary will transport Augur system development and so on. Our country in 2008 will hold the Olympic Games and in 2010 holds world expo these two big events to a certain extent to be able to advance the wide band optical fiber access network the developmentBelow mainly will analyze several kind of main wide band optical fiber turning on technology from the system technology angle the characteristic, the question and the trend of development. Certainly, besides the system technology, affects its application the factor to be very many, mainly is the service and the application as well as the control policy. In addition, each kind of necessary primary device technology and the placing installment test technology extremely is also essential. At present the low cost photo source hopefully has realized, 850nm VCSEL only several US dollars, 1310nm VOSEL had the breakthrough, the speed reaches 10Gb/s.The PLC mix integration technology, the high density low cost optical cable and the correlation technology, uses the optical fiber to the curving insensitive room in, the low cost passive component, work the technology, the automatic light operation test system and so on also all is affects the light access network promotion application the key aspect, needs to have the properly solution.The point-to-point active EthernetBecause system the cost, the quality, the management, the security and so on many kinds of factors, the Ethernet still had further to improve as the public network turning on way.The traditional Ethernet belongs to the user in network (cPN).However its application actually in to include the access network other public network domain expansion. In the history, regarding business user application environment, the Ethernet technology always is the most popular method, at present has become only definitely in the power supply receptacle second big housing and the office public facility connection. Uses the Ethernet is had the huge network foundation and the long-term experience knowledge, at present all popular operating system and the application as the business user turning on method primary cause also all is with the Ethernet compatible, the performance price compared to good, the extendibility, easy to install the clear as well as redundant reliable and so on.Regarding the public network housing user application environment, the point-to-point active Ethernet system uses the active service focus point to substitute the passive point-multipoint system the passive component, enables the transmitting range to be possible to expand to 1 20 kilometer far. The main merit is special-purpose turning on, the band width has the guarantee, each user may monopolize 100Mb/s and even 1dbs; Bureau end equipment simple cheap; The transmitting range is long, the service area is big; But the cost the linearity increases along with the number of users actual growth, does not need to plan, the investment risk is low, thus disperses the local cost in the low density user to be low. The shortcoming is the both sides equipment and the optical fiber facility special-purpose, the user cannot share the bureau end equipment and the optical fiber, when the demand fast growth also the user are very crowded, optical fiber and both sides equipment quantity and cost as well as spatial demand also along with it rapid increase, thus not too suits the high crowded user region. The influence choice Ethernet technology another factor is the traditional video frequency service provides the way, forexample American Place Bell Company all pledged provides the tradition to simulate the RF video frequency program, but the Ethernet and the simulated video program mix is very difficult. This aspect PON technology quite is easy.Because the cost, the quality, the management, the security and so on many kinds of factors, the Ethernet still had further to improve as the public network turning on way. Mainly is the Ethernet technology inherent mechanism does not provide the end-to-end package time delay, the package loss rate, the band width control, supports the real-time service with difficulty the grade of service, lacks the safety mechanism guarantee and so on.Point-multipoint passive, light network systemAlong with IP rising with the development, some people proposed the EPON concept, this thought obtained the positive response in the Ethernet, has already formed the GEPON standard in under the IEEE 802.3ah flag.1. Passive light networkingPassive light network (PoN) is one pure medium network, its main characteristic has removed the active equipment in the access network, thus has avoided the electromagnetic interference and the thunder and lightning influence, reduced line and the external instrumentation failure rate, reduced correspondingly has transported the Augur cost. Next, the PON service transparency is good, the band width is wide, suitably in any service pattern and the speed signal, can support the simulation broadcast television service quite economically, has tertiary service function (triple-play).Finally, as a result of its game of end equipment and optical fiber by user sharing, thus the line cost compares other point-to-point mailing address to have to be low, the construction cost also may reduce obviously. Especially day by day advances along with the optical fiber to the user, its synthesis superiority is more and more obvious. But the PON each user cost along with shares OLT the user quantity increase to drop rapidly, thus most suits in the dispersible small business and the inhabitant user, these user region is specially dispersible, but each region user relative centralism small area crowded user area, in particular newly built region. Finally, after considered uses the PON technology quite to be easy to continue to provide traditional the simulated video program, thus, most American Place Bell Company favors the PON technology, but is not the light Ethernet technology.The PON main shortcoming is the disposable investment cost is high, because bureau end light line terminal OLT is very expensive, the optical fiber and the shunt and so on the passive infrastructure must an arriving, when like this the number of users are few or the user distribution surpasses some definition is away from, each user's cost is very high. Moreover, its tree branch topology caused the user not to have the protection function or the protection function cost is high, has affected the large-scale development.2. APON AND BPONThe early narrow band passive light network is based on TDM, the performance price compared not well, already naturally withers away. An ATM passive light network (APON/BPON) may use ATM the centralism and the statistics multiplying, the recombination passive shunt to the optical fiber and the light line terminal sharing function, enable the performance price compared to have the important improvement, at present in countries and so on US and Japan already started commercial.However, the actual APON/BPON service adaptive provides at present very complex,provision of service ability is limited, the data transmission rate and the efficiency are not high, the cost is high, but its market prospect as a result of ATM decline dim. Finally, looking from the long-term service trend of development that, the APON available band width was still insufficient. Take FTTC as the example, although the typical branch downward speed may reach 622Mb/s, after but because the by-pass, actual as separable greatly will reduce as each user's band width. According to 32 groups’ computations, each branch available band width only remains 19.SMb/s, again presses 10 user sharing, then each user only can obtain approximately the 2Mb/s band width. Obviously, such performance price compared to is unable to satisfy the network and the service long-term development needs.3. EPON/GEPONAlong with IP rising with the development, some people proposed the EPON concept, namely in with APON and the BPON similar structure and in the O.983 foundation, tries to retain its essence part - physics level PON; But replaces ATM by the Ethernet to take the link level agreement, constitutes one to be possible to provide a greater band width, theLow cost and wider professional ability new marriage - EPON. This thought obtained the positive response in the Ethernet; in IEEE802.Under the 3ah flag has already formed the GEPON standard. In reality, EPON and the GEPON basic difference is the standardization, the former oftenRefers to the non-sign equipment, the latter refers conforms to IEEE 802.3ah, standard equipment. Moreover, the GEPON transmitting range and the by-pass compare have compared to EPON reduce.EPON/GEPON and the traditional point-to-point Ethernet main different place lies in the work in the point-multipoint mailing address. Its downward direction work in the TDM way, the data stream changes the longEther frame way to broadcast ONU, each ONU basis ether frame MAC address, decision choices. The upward direction work in the TDMA way, Comes from the different time slot ONU data stream to gather the public optical fiber facility and OLT. In addition, the traditional Ethernet work in the continual optical transmission pattern, is receiving and dispatching two directions both is the continual bit class, therefore receives the end fixed time easily to realize with the decision. But the EPON/GEPOkI ONUpward bit class is the sharp-edged data packet which transmits in turn, the OLT receive timing recovery, the decision threshold establishment, the range finder and the time delay compensation quite is complex.Looked from the EPON/GEPON structure that, its essential meritEnormously simplified the traditional multi-layered overlapping network Structure, the main characteristic included:- - Eliminated ATM and the SDH level, thus reduced the initial cost and the movement cost;- - The downward service speed reaches as high as 1Gb/s, the permission support multi-user, each user's band width may be higher, and can provide video frequency professional ability and good QOS- - The hardware is simple, does not need outdoor electronic installation, and enables the installment deployment work to simplify;- - May use the Ethernet technology mature chip massively, the realization is simple, the cost low- - improved the electric circuit to refer to the coordination service nimbly provision with the reshuffle ability.IEEE 802.3ah the standard GEPON technology standards is good, on the downward wave length is 1310 and 1490nm, on the downward speed is 1.25Gb/s, the transmitting range is 10/20km, the by-pass compared to is 16, the primary service is the data and the sound of talking,after increases a 1550nm visual broadcast wave length, becomes the sound of talking, the data and the television method of three-in-one “triple-play” the wide band service colligation service, but this will be the future family service “the Assassin's mace application”.The EPON/GEPON main shortcoming is the efficiency low and supports outside the Ethernet with difficulty the service. The former is because uses 8B/10B the line code, introduces 20% band width loss, in addition other expenses, available load only about 50%, but APON and GPONall use NRZ to harass the code are the line codes, does not have the band width loss.In addition reasons and so on load bearing plate efficiency, transmission gathering plate efficiency, service adaptive efficiency, cause the EPON/GEPON total transmission efficiency to be very low, probably only is GPON half.4. GPONIn 2001, formulated EPON standard positively while IEEE, the FSAN organization starts to initiate the formulation speed to surpass 1Gb/s PON network standard 1,000,000,000,000,000 Ethernet passive light network (GPON), afterwards, ITU-T also involved this new standard formulation work and 1 Dan (speed enhances in 2003 throughtwo related GPON new standard G.984.1 and G.984.2 to 2.5Gb/s). According to this newest standard stipulation, GPON may provide 1.244 and the 2.488Gb/s downward speed and the all standard upward speed; The transmitting range amounts to 20 kilometers at least, has the high speed highly effective transmission characteristic. Moreover, GPON has selected two seal methods, besides traditional ATM, but also has used one brand-new in the transmission gathering level based on sDH standard general group frame procedure GFP, this is one kind may transparently highly effective Seals the existing SDH network each kind of data signal the general standard signal adaptive mapping technology, may adapt any subscriber signal form and any transmission network service pattern, namely may according to the inherent form transmission pronunciation, the data and the video signal, does not need to attach ATM or the P seal level, has manifested the service provider comprehensively to the provision of service nimble request, but APON/BPON and EPON/GEPON all need to provide the specific adaptive method to each kind of specific service. Because uses the GFP mapping, the GPON transmission gathering level essentially is a synchronization, enables GPON to be possible to support end-to-end fixed time and other orbit service, specially may the direct high quality support the TDM service nimbly.From the technical angle, GPON is the BPON inheritance and the development, GPON has inherited BPON very many essential features, for example both all use the same OLT nucleus, the heart technology, and uses the similar physical optical fiber facility and the luminous power budget and so on. On the other hand, GPON has used some newest technology achievement, besides most important GFP seal, but also includes the forward-acting error correction and so on the new technology.From the service which provides looked, not only GPON may provide 10/100Mb/s,1Gb/s the service, moreover may provide the VLAN service and the pronunciation service, in fact might adapt any view to have the service and the future new service adaptive request. Total looking at, GPON is not the manufacturer actuation technical standard, but is one kind of operation business actuation standard, therefore has the thoroughbred operation benefit to consider, the speed is higher, may reach 2.4Gb/s; Has the general mapping form, may adapt any new old service; Has the rich OAM&P function; Has the very high transmission efficiency to each kind of service, even if regarding the TDM service also can the nimble highly effective low expenses transmission. May help the operation business to complete from the traditional TDM pronunciation electric circuit to the entire IP network smooth transition, its shortcoming is still retains has the complex ATM level function, the cost is high.Because three kind of PON capital expenditures (70% all are approximately) the light connections, thus its hardware cost should differ not much, but because in the realization technology difference, the GEPON difficulty is at present smallest, the cost is lowest. But speaking of the transmission efficiency, then GPON regardless of is harassing the code efficiency, the transmission gathering plate efficiency, the load bearing agreement efficiency and the service adaptive efficiency aspect all is highest, therefore its overall effectiveness index is highest. For example the supposition TDM service accounts for 10%, but the data service accounts for 90%, then the GPON overall effectiveness index is 94%, but APON and GEPON respectively are 72% and 49%.GPON and EPON/GEPON face the together challenge includes: How can have nine load bearing TDM service on Ethemet/GFP and can provide the telecommunication level the grade of service; Next, because GPON and EPON/GEPON are select to the multi-spot star type or the shape of tree network, will need 1+1 and passes through the different route light network through one to realize the telecommunication level protection to restore the request, the network cost extremely is high; Third, at present GPON and the EPON/GEPON equipment cost main limited in arises suddenly the light transmission/receive module as well as the nucleus, the heart control module/chip. These modules either are the technology are unable not maturely commercial, either is the price expensive also with difficulty meets the market requirement; Fourth, GPON and the EPON/GEPON disposable investment cost is high, not too suits invests the militancy gradually the traditional telecommunication construction pattern, most suits completely newly built or the reconstruction crowded user region.Recently some people to optical fiber communications development scene, somewhat puzzled. First, in 2000 the IT profession froth, caused the optical fiber communications the scale of production investment oversized, the overproduction, in the IT profession many small companies went out of business. Specially the optical fiber, overseas dumps to China. Second, some people thought that, Optical fiber communications through-put capacity already achieved 10Tbps, could not use up nearly, moreover the present main trunk line already constructed almost, buried the place the surplus optical fiber very to be also many, optical fiber communications technology not need more development.The author will believe that, optical fiber communications technology still have the very big development space, will be able to have the very big demand and the market from now on. Mainly is: The optical fiber to family FTTH, the light exchange and the integrated photoelectron component aspect can have the big development. Mainly discusses the optical fiber communications in this the trend of development and the market..Generally speaking, the optical fiber access network has represented the broadband access network long-term development direction, each kind of wide band optical fiber access network all has its best use situation and the opportunity, the wide band point-to-point active Ethernet optical fiber system suits in the low density user dispersible area application, the wide band point-multipoint passive optical fiber system most suits newly built or the reconstruction crowded user area should. Our country's trend of development possibly will surmount APON, BPON and the EPON stage, will start from the wide band point-to-point Ethernet optical fiber system and GEPON, and even will transit quickly to the GPON stage.宽带光纤接入网的发展趋势本文首先简要介绍世界宽带接入网发展的状况和主要应用；其次讲述了宽带光纤接入网的优点；再次重点分析了宽带点到点有源以太网光纤系统和宽带点到多无源光纤系统的特点和应用。

PON技术在光纤接入网中的应用

PON技术在光纤接入网中的应用1. 引言1.1 光纤接入网的发展背景随着信息社会的发展和数字化需求的增加，传统的铜线网速度逐渐无法满足用户对高速宽带的需求，光纤接入网应运而生。

光纤接入网相比传统的铜线网具有更大的带宽、更低的传输损耗以及更稳定的信号传输性能，成为未来宽带接入的主流技术。

在光纤接入网的发展过程中，经历了从早期的PON（Passive Optical Network）技术到目前的EPON（Ethernet Passive Optical Network）、GPON（Gigabit Passive Optical Network）以及XG-PON（10-Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network）等多个阶段。

随着技术的不断进步和应用场景的不断拓展，PON技术在光纤接入网中发挥着越来越重要的作用，为用户提供更快的上网速度和更稳定的网络连接。

光纤接入网的发展背景为PON技术的应用提供了更加广阔的空间和更多的发展机会，也为用户提供了更加优质、高效的网络服务。

通过PON技术的不断创新和应用，光纤接入网将继续发挥着重要的作用，为信息社会的建设和数字化转型提供持续支撑。

1.2 PON技术的概念和特点PON技术（Passive Optical Network）是一种基于光纤传输的网络技术，其特点是采用passively，即passively和active components 组成，不需要use active components such as repeaters or regenerators to 每隔一段距离进行信号的增强。

这种passively nature of PON technology 减少了网络的复杂性，并且降低了维护和成本。

PON技术主要有三种主要类型，分别是EPON （Ethernet Passive Optical Network）、GPON（Gigabit Passive Optical Network）和XG-PON（10G-PON）。

光纤通信接入技术发展分析

光纤通信接入技术发展分析摘要：光纤光缆已经进入到有线通信行业的各大领域，其中包括、广播通信、电力通信、邮电通信和军用通信等。

它不再只应用于通信的主干线路里面，同时，还广泛应用于电力通信控制系统里面，在从中进行工业控制、监测，而在军事领域里面的用途也越来越为多。

光纤通信技术作为现时信息技术的主要支撑平台，展望在未来信息社会里面，将扮演着更加的角色。

关键词：光纤通信；接入技术；接入网1.导语近几年来，我国的光纤通信技术得到迅速的发展，随着新科学技术的不断出现，通信能力得到大幅度的提升，同时让光纤通信技术的应用范围得到扩大。

伴随住交换技术和传输技术的不断发展，核心网经已基本实现数字化、光纤化和宽带化。

兼而，伴随着业务量的迅速提高和多媒体业务的日益发展，使得现时用户住宅网的市场需要已经不只局限在原来的数据、语音业务和多媒体业务，已成为一种不可阻挡的趋势；现时，语音业务接入网已经越发成为制约信息高速公路网络发展的重要因素。

而其结构的最根本需求是为了提供视频和宽带业务，节点与住建设的瓶颈，现在成为了宽带综合业务快速发展的数字网的障碍。

2.关于光纤接入技术的定义光纤接入技术：是指面向未来的光纤至路边（fttc）及（urlurtth）的宽带网络接入技术。

光纤接入网（oan）是现阶段电信网络里面发展最快的（urlurtth）点、解决电话等窄带业务的有效接入问题外，同时还可以做到解决调整数据业务、多媒体图像等一系列的宽带业务的接入问题。

3.关于光纤接入网的基本组成光纤接入网（oan），是指通过光纤作为传输媒质的重点，将接入网的信息传送功能进行实现。

通过业务节点与光线路终端（olt）的相连，用户与光网络单元（onu）的连接。

光纤接入网包括几个部分。

局端设备光线路终端和远端设备光网络单元，它们均可以通过传输设备进行相连；olt和远端onu则是该系统的主要组成部分。

它们能实现从整个接入网中完成由业务节点接口（sni）至用户网络接口（uni）之间的，关于信令协议的转换。

光纤通信接入技术发展分析

光纤通信接入技术发展分析摘要本文首先对现行接入技术的适用性进行了必要的讨论，而后对epon和gpon两种目前来看主要的光接入技术进行了比较。

关键词 sdh；光接入；epon；gpon中图分类号tn91 文献标识码a 文章编号 1674-6708（2011）43-0203-01经济的飞速发展，一方面不断提升着人们的生活品质，进而对各种服务呈现出不断提升的质量要求，而另一方面科技的发展也给予了这种提升服务质量的可能。

在目前的这个时代中，随着3g等技术的普及和深入人心，人们对无线传输提出了更高的要求，而目前的无线通信接入技术也呈现出了其自身的发展方向。

1 关于现行接入技术的适用讨论目前常用的是以sonet/sdh（synchronous opticalnetwork/synchronous digital hierarchy），即同步光纤网/同步数字体系为主导的无线传输接入技术。

这种技术体系于上个世纪80年代末90年代初出现，并逐渐出现增长势头，经过十几年的演进，在最近几年中得到了普及应用。

sonet/sdh技术具有通信容量大、传输性能好、接口标准、组网灵活和管理功能强大的优点受到广泛关注，但是在技术淘汰飞快、需求不断升级的今天，sonet/sdh技术也出现了一些不适用的情况。

首先在带宽利用方面，sonet/sdh技术主要以155mbit/s、622mbit/s、2.5gbit/s以及10gbit/s这几种比特率为主，这种比特率的定制，在设计之初并没有对sonet/sdh需要承载的网络类型和传输需求做出太多的考虑。

实际上，在sonet/sdh技术出现和成长的过程中，网络业很少出现在人们的生活中，因此这种技术仅仅是基于通话和一般业务数据而进行考虑的，而在目前这种电话网、计算机网、有线电视网三网合一的大潮之下，众多不适纷至沓来。

对于sonet/sdh技术而言，快速以太网通常运行在100mbit/s，无论采用多个64 kbit/s还是155mbit/s都不适用。

宽带光纤接入网的发展与技术选择

望于人为事先研究开发出一两项所谓的 ” 手锏应用 ” 推广应用。事实上，从杀来电信发展历史看，当网络用户数达到一
网进入了一个大发展阶段，其中亚太
地区，特别是韩国和日本是发展最迅
一
专家视点
ｌＳＥＩＬＲＰＲＰＣＡＥＯＴ
以ＡＤＳ为主发展的。根据ＡＴ论坛的ＬＭ
综合的数字环路载波（ＤＬＣ）系统。Ｉ随着宽带的发展，ＤＬ也在进一步改进Ｃ以支持ＤＳ等宽带接入业务，构筑统一Ｌ的宽窄带综合接入平台，支持向光纤到路边（ＴＦＴＣ）／Ｔｔ演进，Ｉ际上ＦＴＩ的玉ｌ
万，年均增长率为３５８％，宽带用户增长率是上网用户增长率的５７，说明我．倍
猛的国家，这与其政府的大力推动是
密不可分的。韩国经过三年的大发展，国宽带用户增长进入快速发展期。宽带用户总数突破ｌ０万，宽带普及００从宽带应用看，按照美国麦肯锡公
ＡＳ交换机ＤＬＯＳＶＩｏｏＰ
ＳＨＰＮＦＴ综合接入ＤＯＴＨ
ＭＬ城域网ＰＳ
பைடு நூலகம்
一
、
宽带接入网的发展现状和应用
进入２世纪以来，全球宽带接入ｌ
十分迅速。据初步统计，￣２０年底我０３
国宽带上网用户达到１４万，宽带注册７０

三网融合下的我国光纤接入网技术发展状况

一专题／破术Ｉ
ＮｅｗｏｋＴｃｎｌｇｔｒｅｈｏｏｙＩＩ
三网融合下的我国光纤接入网技术发展状况
文／国家广播电影视总局广播科学研究院张国毅胡毓铭吴敏／／
摘要：００年，从国务院决定加快推进三网融合的决定，光纤接入网２１（Ｔｘ由于其近乎无限的带宽被认为是接入网媒质的不二之选，光纤到ＦＴ）
视网三大网络的物理合一，而主要是指高ｃｌｉｅｍｉａＯＬ）用户端设备为光以是ＶＳ２ａＬｎＴｒｎｌＴ、ｅ，ＤＬ。层业务应用的融合，即在同一个网络上可网络单元（ｔａＮｔｒｎｔＵ或ＯｐｉｌｅｗｏｋＵｉＯＮ）ｃ，
ＴＣｂＦｂｒｈＴ但ＥＣ２１００年１国务院决定加快推进将光纤接入网划为ＦＴａ（ｉｅｏＴｅ行双向改造，ｏ技术目前还缺乏统一月，三网融合，提出了“ 两步走” 的战略部署：
第一步，２１－１年重点开展广电和Ｔｈｕｄｎ／ｕｂ光纤到大楼／在０００２２ｏＴｅｉｉＣｒ，Ｂｌｇ分线网融合规范有序开展的政策体系和体制办公室）ＩＴＨ（ｉｅＴｈｏ，￣ＦＴＦｒｏＴｅＨｍｅ光ｂ
户（Ｔ）ＦＨ也成为满足带宽暴涨的终极选择。本文介绍了三网融合政策Ｔ
的实施对我国ＦＴ建设的推动作用和目前ＦＴＴＸＴｘ建设的几种模式选择：关键词：网融合ＦＴ建设模式三Ｔｘ
１三网融合与ＦＴＴｘ
作为局端和用户端之间的传输媒体，ＯＵ光网络单元）即从Ｎ（到用户的距离在１Ｏ０

光纤接入网技术现状及发展趋势

太高。每户都需要单独的一对光纤或一
根光纤（向波分复用）要通向千家万双．户。需要上千芯的光缆。于处理，就难而
且每户都需要专用的光源和检测器。相
发展趋势
褥科文电脑技术开发有限公司王德秀
一
、
光纤接入网特点
由于铜线接入网受一些不可克服因
网中应用较多。
：０６ｅ９０：目
维普资讯
其优点是提高了线路设定的自由度和灵
一
光线路终端（ＴＯＬ）变成光信号．经
三、光纤接入技术
传送网与接入网虽然有紧密的联
素的限制。使得信息高速公路在用户这
接入段形成了 “ 瓶颈 ” 。在这种情况下。人们自然想到了光纤．无疑问。光纤是接入网的理想传输媒介。为了满足用户的需要。各国根据自己的国情。制订了
接入网改造和建设计划。加快研制接入
和相互连接的几何布局，体的拓扑结具
构分为总线形结构．单星形结构、有源
双星结构、源双星形结构、形结构。无环
将所有的光电设备都更换。或采用波分
复用叠加的方案．这比较困难。４无源双星形结构。种结构保持、这了有源双星形结构光纤共享的优点。将有源节点换成了无源分路器。维护方
系，但是其性质完全不同。在传送网中，用于市内电信局之间的本地中继网与国家干线网和省内干线网在某些方面性质相似。本地中继网主要位于城市，受国

探讨FTTH接入网的状况及未来发展

４１基于有源光网络的点对点（２接入技术．ＰＰ）
有源光网络的局端设备和远端设备通过有源光传输设备相连，传输技术是骨干网中己大量采用的ＳＨ和ＰＨ，ＳＨＤＤ以Ｄ技术为主，用ＰＰ或Ｖ１利ＰＣ２的级联方式可支持高效率的ＩＰ接
点是受到电话电缆中线对间串扰的限制，根电缆中挑出来能一用于ＡＳＤＬ的线对的比例只有２５且速率越高，用距离０２％，可
入。在实际接入网建设中，有源光网络的拓扑结构通常是星型
或环行，考虑到接入网对成本的高度敏感性和运行环境的恶劣性，适用于接入网的ＳＨ设备必须是高紧凑，功耗和低成本Ｄ低
ＯｔＭＮｔｏ和无源光网络（０Ｐｓｖｐｉｌｅｗｒ）ｐｉｅ￣）ｃｗＰＮ，ａｓｅｔａＮｔｏｋ。ｉＯｃ
以及业务融合化的趋势已非常明显，兀Ｔ而Ｈ作为整个电信网接入部分的发展目标，已不再是遥不可及了。业界对ＦＴ的ＴＨＩ关注热情日趋高涨，丌Ｔ对Ｉ１关技术、Ｈ相市场、标准化的讨论也不绝于耳。现有主要接入网技术：
的新型系统。如图１从小区机房至住户采用单芯单模光纤，，同
时实现为用户提供Ｉｔｍｅ、Ｐ和有线电视（Ａ）入，区ｎｅｔＩＣＷ接小机房接入设备为视频复用光纤交换机，用户端为光网络单元。视频复用光纤交换机每台可具有多个复用了ＣＴＡＶ信号的百兆单模单纤接口，一个ＣＷ光信号（Ａ波长１５ｎ输入口和５０ｍ）两个千兆数据口。视频复用光纤交换机通过其中一个光端口以干兆或百兆速率与城域网路由器相联，实现Ｉｔｔｎｅｍｅ网络接入；通过光纤与ＣＴ光纤网相联。一般地，５０ｍＡ光信号Ａｖ１５ｎＣ￣首先经ＥＦ放大后通过光分配器分配给视频复用光纤交换ＤＡ机，交换机再通过光纤以点对点的方式与每个信息点的光网络单元相联，同时向用户提供双工百兆速率高速接入Ｉｔｍｅ、ｎｅｔＣＴＡｖ广播信号和ＩＰ电话，光网络单元实现光电转换完成各业务的接入。

宽带接入网技术和发展趋势

维护简单、费用低。
高，推进了我国通信网络的迅速发展。作为连接核心网与用户驻地网的接入网，已成为制约通信网络发展的瓶颈，因此，接入网的宽带化、多元化是未来网络发展的必然趋势。
１接入罔的曩念曩特点
１ＤＬ）ＡＳ技术
１）光纤接入从技术上可分为两大类
无源光网络（Ｏ）和有源光网络（Ｏ），前者采用光分路器分路，ＰＮＡＮ后者采用电复用器分路。有源光网络的典型代表是点到点光以太网接入技
术，但它存在电磁信号干扰、雷击以及有源设备投资维护问题，因而不是接入网长远的发展方向。
接入速率在２ｂｔｓ以上的为宽带接入网，宽带接入网是一种高Ｍｉ／及
速、宽带、具有综合业务能力的智能化通信网络。
２宽带接入罔技术宽带接入网技术主要包括ｘＳ技术、Ｃｂｅ术、光纤接入技术以及ＤＬａｌ技无线接入技术。这些技术基于的硬件环境不同，各自的性能特点也有较大差异。下面逐一介绍分析。２１ｘＳ接入技术．ＤＬ
２Ｏ技术分析）ＰＮ无源光网络（Ｏ）是一种点到多点的光纤接入技术，ＰＮ要特点是ＰＮＯ主在接入网中去掉了有源设备，从而避免了电磁干扰和雷电影响，维修费用低，初期投资也不高。其次，ＰＮＯ的业务透明性较好，带宽宽，可适用于任何制式和速率的信号，能比较经济地支持模拟广播电视业务，易于扩容和

光纤接入技术的发展与展望

用户环路，采用光纤作为传输的一种接入技术，主要由光解决方案，并日渐得到市场的认可。由于ＥＰＯＮ标准与线路终端ＯＬＴ、光配线网ＯＤＮ和光网络单元ＯＮＵ三大部１０ＧＥＰＯＮ标准一脉相承，所以１０ＧＥＰＯＮ运维方案是在成分组成。ＯＬＴ为ＯＤＮ提供网络接口并连至一个或多个熟的ＥＰＯＮ运维方案上发展起来的。经ＦＳＡＮ研究得出，ＯＤＮ：ＯＤＮ为ＯＬＴ和ＯＮＵ提供传输手段；ＯＮＵ为ＯＡＮ提关于ＧＰＯＮ的后续发展，主要分为ＮＧ— ＰＯＮ１和ＮＧ — ＯＮ２两个阶段。ＮＧ — ＰＯＮ１兼容现有的光配线网，同时通供用户侧接口并和ＯＤＮ相连。由于在交换局交换的和用Ｐ
户接收的均为电信号，而光纤接入网主采用光纤作为传输过扩展ＧＰＯＮ标准过渡到ＮＧ — ＰＯＮ。主要有两个备选架一个是ＸＧ－ＰＯＮ１，提供下行１０Ｇｂｉｔ／ｓ、上行２．５Ｇｂｉｔ，ｓ媒质，所以在交换局侧要进行电光转换，在光网络单元要构，
１．２．１基于ＳＤＨ的有源光网络虽然同步光网络具有
ＷＤＭ传输网络迅速覆盖大部分省际干线和一些大型城域网的平滑过渡。网络。从外部条件分析来看，骨干网路由器１００Ｇ高速接１．２．２基于ＡＴＭ的无源光网络ＡＰＯＮ具有ＡＴＭ技是推动１００ＧＷＤＭ传输系统的主要动力。国际术特有的灵活性和业务透明性。系统除提供ＡＴＭ接口以口的互联，电信联盟组织于２０１０年６月底完成了１ｏ０ＧＥ接口技术外，还能够提供仿真电路接口和以太网接口，适用于任何００Ｇ接口的核心路由和１００Ｇ线制式和速率的信号。上行采用ＴＤＭＡ技术，速率可达标准的制定，同时支持１卡的主要路由器设备厂商早在２０１１年上半年已经推出，１５５Ｍｂ／ｓ，下行采用ＴＤＭ技术，速率为可达６２２Ｍｂ／ｓ，能够

华为专栏光纤接入网的结构及发展

４１宽带化．
３１点对点组网．如图２所示，要应用于长距离放号、界放号主越
维普资讯
有线电视技术
企业专栏
华
为专栏
华为技术有限公司
光纤接入网的结构及发展
随着电信业务向着综合化、字化、带化和个数宽人化方向发展，广大用户对电信业务的需求不断提高。何充分利用现有电信资源，高服务质量，如提已经
成为电信部ｆ日益关注的课题。目前，户接入网在－ｊ用整个电信网的投资中占有相当大比重，规划应引起其
电信部门的高度重视。传统的接入网主要以铜缆形式为用户提供电话业务（ＯＳ和数据业务，ＰＴ）随着人们对各种新业务特别是宽带综合业务需求的提高，传统铜缆技术越来越难以
其中，参考点Ｓ１为接人设备远端单元与用户间
的接口（Ｎ）参考点ＳＵＩ；２为传输设备与接入设备远端单元之间的接口；参考点Ｓ接入设备局端机与传３为输设备之间的接口；参考点Ｓ４为接入设备局端机与
１接入网的定义
光纤接入网（ＡＮ）从交换机到用户间的馈线Ｏ指段、配线段至引入段部分或全部采用光纤接人手段，
带宽共享，提高宽带利用率，下行光线路终端采用广其