有机化学英语单词前后缀表
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀(生物医药类常用)
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀1有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀A .................................................................. 1B .................................................................. 1C .................................................................. 1D .................................................................. 2E .................................................................. 2F .................................................................. 2G .................................................................. 2H .................................................................. 2I ................................................................... 2 K .................................................................. 2 L ................................................................... 2 M ................................................................. 2 N .................................................................. 2 O .................................................................. 2 P .................................................................. 2 Q .................................................................. 3 S .................................................................. 3 T .................................................................. 3 U .................................................................. 3 Y .................................................................. 3 methane 甲烷 ethane 乙烷 propane 丙烷 butane 丁烷 pentane 戊烷 hexane 己烷 heptane 庚烷 octane 辛烷 nonane 壬烷 decane 癸烷ortho- o-;邻 meta- m-;间 para p-;对iso- 异,等,同 di- 二 bis-双,二tri- 三 tetra- 四A -acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)] alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane烷 anhydride 酐 anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮Bbenzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基C-carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 百分之一;一百 chloro- 氯代 cis-顺式condensed缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Ddeca- 十deci 十分之一-dine 啶dodeca- 十二E-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Ffluoro- 氟代form 仿G-glycol 二醇Hhemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高I-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐Kketo- 酮ketone 酮L-lactone 内酯Mmega- 百万倍;巨大meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 百万分之一;微小的milli- 千分之一;毫mono- (mon-) 一,单Nnano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九Oocta- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰Ppara- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多2Qquadri- 四quinque- 五Ssemi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共Tter- 三,三次,三倍tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代trideca- 十三tris- 三个Uundeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位Y-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔3。
(整理)化学英语证书考试PEC-有机化学词汇前后缀.
(整理)化学英语证书考试PEC-有机化学词汇前后缀.化学英语证书考试(PEC)-有机化学词汇前后缀- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除1,4-addition 1,4-加成Absolute configuration 绝对构型Abstraction 夺取[反应]acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基[propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮Acetal 缩醛Acetylide 炔化物Achiral 非手性[的]Aci form 酸式Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Activating group 活化基团Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Acyl azide 酰叠氮Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl iodide 酰碘Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Acylation 酰化Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Acyloin 偶姻Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解acyloxyation 酰氧基化Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Additive dimerization 加成二聚Aglycon 苷元Alcohol 醇Alcoholysis 醇解Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Aldehyde 醛Aldimine 醛肟Aldimine 醛亚胺Alditol 糖醇Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Aldol 羟醛Aldose 醛糖aldoxime 硝酮Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Alkane 烷Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alkylation 烷基化Alkylidene group 亚烷基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Allene 丙二烯Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic 烯丙型[的]Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Ambident 两可[的]Amide 酰胺Amidine 脒Aminal 缩醛胺Amination 氨基化Amine oxide 氧化胺Amine 胺Amino acid 氨基酸Aminomercuration 氨汞化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Amphi position 远位Angular methyl group 角甲基Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Annulation,annelation 增环反应Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Anti conformation 反式构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Apofacial reaction 反面反应Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatization 芳构化Aryl action 芳正离子Aryl group 芳基Arylation 芳基化Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Atropismer 阻转异构体Autoxidation 自氧化Auxochrome 助色团Axial bond 直[立]键Azine 嗪B strain 后张力Backside attack 背面进攻Banana bond 香蕉键Basic solvent 碱性溶剂benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Benzylic 苄型[的]Benzyne 苯炔Betaine 甜菜碱Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Bisamination 双氨基化Bisecting conformation 等分构象Boat conformation 船型构象boiling point 沸点bond angle 键角bond energy键能bond length 键长Borderline mechanism 边理机理Bredt rule 布雷特规则Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Bridged-ring system 桥环体系C- alkylation C-烷基化Cage compound 螺烷Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbanion 碳负离子Carbene 卡宾Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbine 碳炔-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Carbocation 碳正离子carbocyclic compound碳环化合物Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳carbonylation 羧基化Carboxylation 羧基化Carboxylic acid 羧酸Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Catenane 轮烷Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Ccumulene 累积多烯Cellosolve 溶纤剂chain compoud 链状化合物Chair conformation 椅型构象Chelation 螯环化chemical bond 化学键Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Chiral 手性[的]Chirality 手性Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Chromophore 生色团Cine substitution 移位取代Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构cis-顺Common ring 普通环compounds of carbon 碳化合物Condensation 缩合Configuration 构型Conformation 构象Conformational effect 构象效应Conformational inversion 构象反转Conformational transmission 构象传递Conformational 构象分析conformation构象Conformer 构象异构体Conjugate addition 共轭加成Conjugate base 共轭碱Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugated-system 共轭体系Conjugation 共轭Conrotatory 顺旋constitutional isomer构造异构constitution构造contiguration构型Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Coupling reaction 偶联反应covalent bond 共价键Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应Crown ether 冠醚Cyanamide 氨腈Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Cyanohydrin 羟腈Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Cyclization 环化Cycloaddition 环加成Cycloalkene 环烷Deactivating group 钝化基团Deamination 脱氨基deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二Decarbonylation 脱羰Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Decyanation 脱氰基Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Dehalogenation 脱卤Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Delocalezed bond 离域键Demethylation 脱甲基化Deoxygenation 脱氧Deselenization 脱硒Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Desulfurization 脱硫Detone 酮Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的]Diaxial addition 双直键加成Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Diazoalkane 重氮烷Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Diazotization 重氮化Dielectric constant 介电常数Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Diene synthesis 双烯合成Diene 双烯Dienophile 亲双烯体Dimerization 二聚Dipolar addition 偶极加成dipole moment偶极矩dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用Disroatatory 对旋dissociation energy 离解能Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Dithiane 二噻烷Diyne 二炔D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系Double bond migration 双键移位E isomer E异构体Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象eclipsed conformation重叠式构象Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Electrical effect 电场效应Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Electrofuge 离电体Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团electronegativity 电负性Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Electrophile 亲电体Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代electrophilic reaction亲电反应electrophilic reagent亲电试剂Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代-elimination -消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Enamine 烯胺Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Enantiotopic 对映异位[的]Endo addition 内型加成Endo isomer 内型异构体Ene synthesis 单烯合成-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Enol ester 烯醇酯Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol 烯醇Enolization 烯醇化Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Enyne 烯炔Epimer 差向异构体Epoxidation 环氧化Epoxide 环氧化物Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Ester 酯Esterification 酯化Ethanolysis 乙醇解Ether 醚Ethylation 乙基化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Exo addition 外型加成Exo isomer 外型异构体F strain 前张力Field effect 场效应Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂fluoro- 氟代form 仿Fluxional structure 循变结构Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁Formylation 甲酰化Fragmentation 碎裂free redical自由基functional group 官能团Furanose 呋喃糖Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Glycol 二醇-glycol 二醇Glycoside 糖苷Guest 客体Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Helical molecule 螺旋型分子hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高Hemiacetal 半缩醛heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Heterolysis 异裂heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Heterotopic 异位[的]Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Homochiral 纯手性[的]Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Homolog 同系物Homologization 同系化Homolysis 均裂homolysis均裂Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Homotopic 等位[的]Host 主体Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Huc kel’rule 休克尔规则hybrid orbital 杂化轨道Hydantion 乙内酰脲Hydrazide 酰肼Hydrazone 腙Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Hydroboration 硼氢化hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化hydrogen bonding 氢键Hydrogenolysis 氢解Hydrometallation 氢金属化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Hydroxylation 羟基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hyperconjugation 超共轭I strain 内张力-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐Imide 二酰亚胺imine 亚胺Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Inductive effect 诱导效应Initiation 引发Inner salt 内盐Insertion 插入Intermediate 中间体Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应]Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Internal return 内返Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Inversion 反转Ion pair 离子对ionic type离子型Ipso position 本位Isoinversion 等反转Isomerism 异构[现象]isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体Isonitrile 异腈Isoracemization 等消旋Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭Ketal 缩酮Ketene 乙烯酮Keto ester 酮酸酯keto- 酮ketone 酮Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Ketose 酮糖Ketyl radical 羰自由基Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Kinetic control 动力学控制Lactam 内酰胺Lactol 内半缩醛Lactone 内酯-lactone 内酯Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Large angle strain 大角张力Large ring 大环Leaving group 离去基团Leois structure 路易斯结构Linear free energy 线性自由能Lithiation 锂化Macrolide 大环内酯Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Mannich base 曼尼希碱Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Mechanism 机理Medium rimg 中环mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单melting point熔点Mercaptan 硫醇Mercuration 汞化Meso compound 内消旋化合物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Meta directing group 间位定位基Meta position 间位Michael addition 迈克尔加成Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Migration 迁移Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Mitallation 金属化Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法N-alkylation N-烷基化nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九N-bromo compound N-溴化物Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neoman projection 纽曼投影式Netro compound 硝基化合物newman projection纽曼投影式Nitration 硝化Nitrene 氮宾Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Nitrile 腈Nitrosation 亚硝化No-bond resonance 无键共振Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Nucleofuge 离核体Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性O- alkylation O-烷基化octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Oligosaccharide 寡糖Optical activity 光学活性organic chemistry 有机化学organic compounds 有机化合物Orinentation 取向Ortho effect 邻位效应Ortho position 邻位orthoester 原酸酯Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Osazone 脎Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Oxime 肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物Oxo process 羰基合成Oxonolysis 臭氧解Oxyamination 羟氨基化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Para position 对位para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多Paraffin wax 石蜡Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化Partial rate factor 分速度系数Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Peptide 肽Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Peri position 近位Pericyclic reaction 周环反应perspective 透视式Phantom atom 虚拟原子Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Phenyl group 苯基Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排Photoisomerization 光异构化photooxidation 光氧化Photosensitization 光敏化physical property物理性质Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Pinacol 频哪醇Pitzer strain 皮策张力Plane of symmetry 对称面polarity 极性Polarizability 可极化性Polysaccharide 多糖Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Prochirality 前手性Propellane 笼型化合物Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Prototropy 质子转移Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Pseudorotation 假旋转Puckered ring 折叠环Push-pull effect 推拉效应Pyranose 吡喃糖Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除quadri- 四quinque- 五Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Racemization 外消旋化Radical anion 自由基负离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical ion 自由基离子Re face Re面reaction mechanism反应机理Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Rearrangement 重排Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Resonance effect 共振效应Resonance 共振Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Retention of configuration 构型保持Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Ring clsure 环合Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Rotamer 旋转异构体Rotazane 螺桨烷R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Rused ring 索烃Saccharide 糖类Saponification 皂化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Selenylation 硒化semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Si face Si面Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Silylation 硅烷[基]化Single electron transfer 单电子转移Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Small-angle strain 小角张力Smally ring 小环Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Solvent effect 溶剂效应Spirane 环烯Spiro compound 螺环化合物Spiroannulation 螺增环Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象staggered conformation交叉式构象Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Stereochemistry 立体化学stereochemistry立体化学Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] stereoisomer立体异构Stereospecificty 立体专一性Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻structural formula 结构式structure of molecule 分子结构Substitution 取代Substrate 底物Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonation 磺化Sulfone 砜Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfonylation 磺酰化Sulfoxide 亚砜sulfurization 硫化Super acid 超酸Symmetry factor 对称因素Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Synfacial reaction 同面反应Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型tetrahedral正四面体Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Torsion angle 扭转角Torsional effect 扭转效应Transacetalation 缩醛交换Transamination 氨基交换Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Transannular strain 跨环张力Transesterification 酯交换Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Transoid conformation 反向构象trans-反Triene 三烯Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Trimefization 三聚Twist conformation 扭型构象Umbrella effect 伞效应undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Urea 脲Valence bond method 价键法Valence tautomerism 价互变异构van der Waals forces 范德华力Vinylog 插烯物Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Wax 蜡-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔Ynamine 炔胺Z isomer Z异构体Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Zwitterions 两性离子α-effect α-效应π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理。
有机化学英语词汇大全(音标,前后缀)
Route [`raut]【路线】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化(作用)】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik]【亲脂性的】chiral [`kai rәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik]【亲核的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】mild [maild]【(反应)温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【(反应)苛刻的】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相(的)】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】hin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik]【非质子的】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【(薄层用)展缸】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【(硅)油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz]【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】Lachrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik]【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏(键)的】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立(键)的】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv]【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【(互变)异构体】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】ozonolysis [ ,әuzәu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Deprotection【脱保护】Introduction【引入】Cleavage【分离,脱除】有机化学专业词汇Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[腯Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium compound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛acetal[化]乙缩醛, 乙缩醛二乙醇Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基 'alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基 .-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇9 a$ f! Q, H: [5 n& G-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半***i- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一 .uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔活化剂的中英文名称Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate (癸二酸二仲辛酯;癸二酸二2-乙基己酯)Zinc stearate (硬脂酸锌)Suberic acid (辛二酸)Adipic acid, (己二酸)Hexanedioic acid, (己二酸)Sebacic acid, dibutyl ester (癸二酸二丁酯)Abietic acid (松香酸)Lactic acid (乳酸)Poly(ethylene glycol) (聚乙二醇)Glycerol stearate (硬脂酸甘油酯)Imidazoline (咪唑啉,间二氮杂环戊烯)-Pinene (β-蒎烯,β-松油二环烯)Adipic acid (脂肪酸)Butyl acetate (乙酸丁酯)Ethylene glycol butyl ether (乙二醇丁醚)Sebacic acid, (癸二酸)Decanedioic acid, (癸二酸)Ethylene glycol ethyl ether (乙二醇乙醚)2-Butenedioic acid (E)-, (2-丁烯二酸)Succinic acid, (琥珀酸,丁二酸)Ethylene glycol methyl ether (乙二醇甲醚)Acetyl acetate (乙酸乙酰脂)1H-Benzotriazole (1-H-笨并三唑)-Pinene (α-蒎烯,α-松香二环烯)Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Iso-Propanol (异丙醇)Benzoic acid (苯甲酸)Ethanol (乙醇)Lysine (赖氨酸)Glutamic acid (谷氨酸,2-氨基戊二酸)Glyceroyl, (甘油酰)N,N,N',N'-Tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylene-diamine (N,N,N,N-四(2-羟基丙基)乙烯二氨)Isoleucine, (异亮氨酸)Decamethylenedicarboxylic acid, disalicyloylhydrazide (Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate(3(2,3-2溴丙基)异氰尿酸盐)3-(N-Salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-(N-水杨酰)氨-1,2,4-三唑)Isocyanuric acid (异氰尿酸)Salicylamide (水杨酰胺)Polyethylene glycol (聚乙二醇)Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (二甘醇二乙醚,(一缩)二乙二醇二乙醚)Butyl carbitol (丁基卡必醇)Ethyl carbitol (乙基卡必醇)Methyl carbitol (甲基卡必醇)Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (乙二醇单丁醚)Glutaric acid (戊二酸,谷酸)Succinic acid (琥珀酸,丁二酸)Citric acid (柠檬酸)Salicylic acid (水杨酸)Lactic acid (2-羟基丙酸,乳酸)Glycerin monostearate (甘油一硬脂酸)Pentaerythritol (季戊四醇)tetrakis[-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl)propionate] 四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基-苯基)丙酸酯Dioctyl sebacate (癸二酸二辛酯)N-Methyl pyrrolidone, (N-甲基吡咯烷酮)Diethylene glycol ethyl ether (二甘醇乙醚)Propylene glycol (丙二醇)Octanedioic acid (辛二酸)Oleamide (油酸酰胺)[olamine 乙醇胺]2-Mercapto benzothiazole (2-巯基-苯并噻唑)Nonanedioic acid, (壬二酸)cis-9-Octadecenoic acid, (顺式-9-十八炭烯酸,油酸)Sebacic acid, uses (癸二酸)12-Hydroxy stearic acid (十二羟基硬脂酸)Phthalic acid (苯二甲酸)1,1,3-Tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenyl)butane (1,1,3-三(2-甲基-4-羟基-5-叔丁基苯基)丁烷)1,3,5-Trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene(1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)苯)1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, (1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)Carbonic acid, (碳酸)Phthalic acid, (苯二甲酸)Malic acid (苹果酸,羟基丁二酸)2,3-Dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol (2,3-二溴-2-丙烯-1,4-二醇)Cetylpyridinium bromide (溴代十六烷基吡啶)Pentanedioic acid (戊二酸) pentanediol (戊二醇) pentanoic acid ( 戊酸) pentanol (戊醇)Butanedioic acid, (丁二酸)1,2-Dibromoethylbenzene (1,2-二溴乙基苯)Salicylic acid, (水杨酸)Stearic acid (硬脂酸)Pentanedioic acid (戊二酸)Maleic acid, (马来酸,失水苹果酸)Phthalic acid, (苯二甲酸)Tartaric acid, (酒石酸)Acetic acid, (乙酸)Polyoxyethylene octylphenol ether (聚氧乙烯辛基酚醚,聚氧化亚乙基辛基分醚)Ethanedioic acid, (乙二酸)Polyethylene glycol (聚乙二醇)Diethylene glycol butyl ether (二甘醇丁醚)Diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (二甘醇单乙醚)Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (乙二醇单丁醚)Pentaerythritol, (季戊四醇)Diglycol, (二甘醇,一缩二乙二醇)Hexylene glycol (己二醇)Ethylene glycol, (乙二醇)Glycerol, (甘油,丙三醇)Cyclobutanediamine (环丁烷二胺)Dibromobutenediol (二溴丁二醇)Cyclohexanediamine (环己烷二胺)Succinamide (琥珀酰胺,丁二酸胺)Ethylenediamine, (乙二胺)Triethanolamine, (三乙醇胺)5-Aminoisophthalic acid (5-氨基间苯二甲酸)p-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (对叔丁基苯甲酸)Propionic acid, (丙酸)Benzoic acid, (安息香酸, 苯(甲)酸)Salicylamide (水杨酰胺)Aniline, (苯胺)Palmitic acid, (棕榈酸, 十六酸, 软脂酸)Glutamic acid, (谷氨酸) Glutaric acid (谷酸,戊二酸) Glycine, (甘氨酸,氨基乙酸)Malic acid (苹果酸,羟基丁二酸)Adipic acid, (己二酸)Diethanolamine (二乙醇胺)Triethylamine, (三乙胺)Malic acid (苹果酸)Oxalic acid, (草酸)Oleic acid, (油酸)Glutaric acid (谷氨酸) Sorbic acid (山梨酸)sorbic alcohol (山梨醇)=sorbit。
有机化学英语单词前后缀表
有机化学英语单词前后缀表有机物英语单词后缀表 -acetal 缩醇acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛-aldechydic acid 醛酸 -amarime(或-marine)苦苷 -amic acid 酰胺酸-amide 酰胺-amide acid (=amic acid)酰胺酸-amidine 脒-amidoxime 脒肟-amidrazone 脒腙-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride -ic anhydrideanil 缩苯胺-anilic acid 酰苯胺酸 -anilide 酰苯胺-aniside 酰茴香醛-arsine 胂-arsinic acid [美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid [美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide 胂氧-arsonic acid [美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid [美国名指]亚胂酸-ase 酶-azide 叠氮-azine 连氮-betaine 内胺盐-biarsine 联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine 联锑bi...yl 联...-borane 硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸 -boronic acid 硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid 氨甲酸 -carbazinic acid 肼甲酸 -carbinol 甲醇-carbodithioic acid 二硫代羧酸 carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼 -carbohydraoxamamide 甲肟胺 -carbohydroxamic acid 羧肟胺 -carbonamidine 甲脒-carbonitrile 甲腈-barbonyl 羰基-carbothioic acid 羧硫代酸 -carbothiolic acid 甲硫羟酸 -carbothionic acid 甲硫羰酸 -carboxaldehyde 甲醛-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime 甲胺肟 -carboximidic acid 甲亚胺酸 -carboxylic acid 羧酸-carbylamine 胩-cene 并...苯-chloroarine 氯胂-chlorohydrin 氯醇-chrysine 柯因-cyanamide 氨腈-cyanhydrin 氰醇-cyanoarsin 氰胂-diarsine 联胂-diazonium 重氮-dicarboximide 二甲酰亚胺 -dichloroarsine 二氯胂 -diimide 联亚胺-din(e) 定;啶di...(o)yl 联…酰-disulfide 二硫-dithiocarbamic acid 氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene 联二…亚基 -drin(e) 君[俗名词尾]-e- 裂[嵌在末一音节之前,指分裂后之产物]-ene 烯-ester 酯-etane 丁环-ete 丁-etene 丁亭[4元无氮一烯环,中文中与-etine不分]-ether 醚-etidine 丁啶-etine 丁亭[4元含氮饱和环]-florine 花精-follin 叶素-folin 叶素-form 仿gen 精-genin 配基-germanonic acid 基锗酸-gin 精-glycol 二醇-hemiacetal 缩一醇 -hydrazidc 酰肼 -hydrazidine 肼定 -hydrazine 肼-hydrazone 腙-hydrin 醇hydrogen ester 氢酯 hydrosulfamine 巯胺 -hydroxamamide 肟胺 -hydroxamic acid 羟肟酸-hydroxylamine 胲 -ic anhydride 酸酐 -ic semialdehyde 醛酸 -ide 酰胺-il 偶酰-imide 酰亚胺-imidic acid 亚胺酸 -imine 亚胺-in 精-inium -onium-iodohydrin 碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine 丙啶-irine 丙因-isothiourca 异硫脲 -isource 异脲-ite 糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal 酮缩醇-ketene 乙烯酮-ketazine 酮连氮-ketimide 酮亚胺-ketol 乙酮醇-ketone 酮-ketoxime 甲酮肟-lactam 内酰胺-lactim 内酰亚胺-lactone 内酯-lin 灵-lin(e) 灵-lysin 溶素-mercaptal 醛缩硫醇 -mercaptan 硫醇-mereaptole 酮缩硫醇 -methine 甲碱-methylene 亚甲基 -min 明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉 -naphthalide N-酰基萘胺 -naphthone 酰萘-nin(e) 宁-nitramine 硝胺-nitrile 腈-nitrolic acid 硝肟酸 -nitrosamine 亚硝胺 -nitrosate 硝酯肟酸 -nitrosolic acid 亚硝肟酸 -nitrosite 亚硝酯肟酸 -oic acid 酸-oin 偶姻-ol 醇-ole 脑,醚-olic acid 醇酸;脑酸;油酸;炔酸-olid(e) 交酯-olidine 烷[5元含氮饱和杂环]-oline 啉[5元一烯杂环] -onane 壬环[9元饱和杂环] -one 酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium 钅翁-o... one ...酰...酮 -or 脑-orthosiliconic acid 原硅酸-osan 聚糖-osazone 脎-ose 糖-oside 糖苷-oxide 氧化物-oxime 肟-oyl 酰-oyl halide 酰卤-ozonide 臭氧-peroxide 过氧-phene 芬-phine 粉;芬-phenetidide 酰基苯乙定 -phenone 酰苯-phosphine 膦-phosphinic acid 次磷酸 -phosphinous acid 卑磷酸 -phosphonic acid 磷酸 -phosphonous acid 亚磷酸 -phyllin(e) 非灵;植素 -picrin 苦碱-pin(e) 品-pinacol 频哪醇-pinacolin(e) 频哪酮 -pinacolone 频哪酮 -pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶 -plumbonic acid 铅酸 -quine 奎-rin 扔,苷-rufin 绛酚saccharic acid 糖质酸 saccharinic acid 糖精酸 -sapegenin 皂萆配基 -saponine 皂萆苷-selenenic acid 次硒酸 -seleninic acid 亚硒酸 -selenol 硒醇-selenonic acid 硒酸 -semiacetal 醛缩一醇 semialdehyde -ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone 缩氨脲-semicarbazide 氨脲 -semioxamazone 缩半萆肼 -siliconic acid 硅酸 -sin 僧;素-st- 甾-stannonic acid 锡酸 -stibine 月弟-stibinic acid 次锑酸 -stibinous acid 卑锑酸 stibonic acid 锑酸 -stibonium 锑-stibonous acid 亚锑酸 sulfenamide 次磺酰胺 -sulfenic acid 次磺酸 -sulfide 硫-sulfilimine 硫亚胺 -sulfinamide 亚磺酰胺 -sulfinic acid 亚磺酸 -sulfonamide 磺酰胺 -sulfone 砜-sulfonic acid 磺酸 -sulfoxide 亚砜-sultam 磺内酰胺-sultone 磺内酯-tanin 单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid 亚碲酸 -telluronic acid 碲酸 -thetin(e) 噻亭-thin 质thioacetal 醛缩硫醇 -thiocarbazone 硫卡巴腙 -thiohydroxylamine 硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸 -thioketene 乙烯硫酮 -thiol 硫醇-thiolactone 硫代内酯 -thiosemicarbazone 缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid 硫羟酸 -thione 硫酮-thionic acid 硫羰酸 -thionothiolic acid 二硫代羧酸-thiourea 硫脲-tin 亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺 -toxin(e) 毒-trin 醇-trisulfide 三硫 -tropin 托品-ulose 酮糖-area 脲-urethan(e) 尿烷 -urethylan(e) 尿基烷 -uric acid 尿酸 -uronic acid 糖醛酸,糖酮酸-xanthin 黄质-xanthogenic acid 黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺 -yl 基-ylene 亚基-yl halide 卤代物 -ylidene 亚基-ylidyne 次基-ylium 钅翁-yne 炔acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀1
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛-alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci- 1/10di- 二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔化学英语词汇Bunsen burner 本生灯product 反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒丙酮:acetone异丙醇:isopropyl alcohol叔戊醇:amylene alcohol杂质:impurity水分:water content moisture content ;watercontent ;watercontent硅烷:silicane苯甲腈:cyanobenzene 丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction 二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions 积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs freeenergy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation 计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid 胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electroly 可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature 临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential 流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification 铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability 热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy 溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions 唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium 淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar 吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partitionfunction of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law 制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis 自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature最可几分布most probabledistribution最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy)熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. BalancingOxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral andSquare-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead)碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparationof Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸。
化学专业英语常用前后缀
化学专业英语常用前后缀alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 丙烯基 alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺 amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒 -amine 胺 -ane 烷 anhydride 酐 ]anilino- 苯胺基 aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔 azo- 偶氮 benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐 bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴 butyl 丁基 -carbinol 甲醇 carbonyl 羰基 -caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代 cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环 deca- 十 deci 10-1 dine 啶 dodeca- 十二 -ene 烯
epi- 表 epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基 fluoro- 氟代 -form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的,次 -ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰 -imine 亚胺 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐 keto- 酮 ketone 酮 -lactone 内酯
化学专业英语常用前缀和后缀
化学专业英语常用前缀和后缀A-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮Bbenzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基C-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环Ddeca- 十deci 十分之一-dine 啶dodeca- 十二E-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基Ffluoro- 氟代-form 仿G-glycol 二醇Hhemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次I-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐Kketo- 酮ketone 酮L-lactone 内酯Mmega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单Nnano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九Oocta- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属 oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物 -oxime 肟oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰 para- 对位,仲Ppenta- 五 pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过 petro- 石油phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多Qquadri- 四 quinque- 五Ssemi- 半 septi- 七sesqui 一个半 sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺 sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共 ter- 三Ttetra- 四 tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个 thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨 tri- 三trideca- 十三 tris- 三个Uundeca- 十一 uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位 -yl 基Y-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上) -yne 炔。
有机化学前缀和后缀.
有机化学前缀和后缀-acetal缩醇acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛-aldechydic acid醛酸-amarime(或-marine)苦苷-amic acid酰胺酸-amide酰胺-amide acid (=amic acid)酰胺酸-amidine脒-amidoxime脒肟-amidrazone脒腙-amine胺-ane烷anhydride -ic anhydride anil缩苯胺-anilic acid酰苯胺酸-anilide酰苯胺-aniside酰茴香醛-arsine胂-arsinic acid[美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid[美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide胂氧-arsonic acid[美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid[美国名指]亚胂酸-ase酶-azide叠氮-azine连氮-betaine内胺盐-biarsine联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine联锑bi...yl联... -borane硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸-boronic acid硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid氨甲酸-carbazinic acid肼甲酸-carbinol甲醇-carbodithioic acid二硫代羧酸carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼-carbohydraoxamamide甲肟胺-carbohydroxamic acid羧肟胺-carbonamidine甲脒-carbonitrile甲腈-barbonyl羰基-carbothioic acid羧硫代酸-carbothiolic acid甲硫羟酸-carbothionic acid甲硫羰酸-carboxaldehyde甲醛-carboxamide甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime甲胺肟-carboximidic acid甲亚胺酸-carboxylic acid羧酸-carbylamine胩-cene并...苯-chloroarine氯胂-chlorohydrin氯醇-chrysine柯因-cyanamide氨腈-cyanhydrin氰醇-cyanoarsin氰胂-diarsine联胂-diazonium重氮-dicarboximide二甲酰亚胺- dichloroarsine二氯胂-diimide联亚胺-din(e)定;啶di...(o)yl联…酰-disulfide二硫-dithiocarbamic acid氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene联二…亚基-drin(e)君[俗名词尾]-e-裂[嵌在末一音节之前,指分裂后之产物]-ene烯-ester酯-etane丁环-ete丁- ether醚-etene丁亭[4元无氮一烯环,中文中与-etine不分]-etidine丁啶-etine丁亭[4元含氮饱和环] -florine花精-follin叶素-folin叶素-form仿gen精-genin配基-germanonic acid基锗酸-gin精-glycol二醇-hemiacetal缩一醇-hydrazidc酰肼-hydrazidine肼定-hydrazine肼-hydrazone腙-hydrin醇hydrogen ester氢酯hydrosulfamine巯胺-hydroxamamide肟胺-hydroxamic acid羟肟酸-hydroxylamine胲-ic anhydride酸酐-ic semialdehyde醛酸-ide酰胺-il 偶酰-imide酰亚胺-imidic acid亚胺酸-imine亚胺-in精-inium -onium -iodohydrin碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine丙啶-irine丙因-isothiourca异硫脲-isource异脲-ite糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium –onium -ketal酮缩醇-ketene乙烯酮-ketazine酮连氮-ketimide酮亚胺-ketol乙酮醇-ketone酮-ketoxime甲酮肟-lactam内酰胺-lactim内酰亚胺-lactone内酯-lin灵-lin(e)灵-lysin溶素-mercaptal醛缩硫醇-mercaptan硫醇-mereaptole酮缩硫醇-methine甲碱-methylene亚甲基-min明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉-naphthalide N-酰基萘胺-naphthone酰萘-nin(e)宁-nitramine硝胺-nitrile腈-nitrolic acid硝肟酸-nitrosamine亚硝胺-nitrosate硝酯肟酸-nitrosolic acid亚硝肟酸-nitrosite亚硝酯肟酸-oic acid酸-oin偶姻-ol醇-ole脑,醚-olic acid醇酸;脑酸;油酸;炔酸-olid(e)交酯-olidine烷[5元含氮饱和杂环] -oline啉[5元一烯杂环]-onane壬环[9元饱和杂环]-one酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium钅翁-osazone脎-o... one...酰...酮-or脑-orthosiliconic acid原硅酸-osan聚糖-ose糖-oside 糖苷-oxide氧化物-oxime肟-oyl酰-oyl halide酰卤-ozonide臭氧-peroxide过氧-phene 芬-phine粉;芬-phenetidide酰基苯乙定-phenone酰苯-phosphine膦-phosphinic acid次磷酸-phosphinous acid卑磷酸-phosphonic acid磷酸-phosphonous acid亚磷酸-phyllin(e)非灵;植素-picrin苦碱-pin(e)品-pinacol频哪醇-pinacolin(e)频哪酮-pinacolone频哪酮-pinacone –pinacol -piperidine N-酰基哌啶-plumbonic acid铅酸-quine奎-rin扔,苷-rufin绛酚saccharic acid糖质酸saccharinic acid糖精酸-sapegenin皂萆配基-saponine皂萆苷-selenenic acid次硒酸-seleninic acid亚硒酸-selenol硒醇-selenonic acid硒酸-semiacetal醛缩一醇semialdehyde-ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone缩氨脲-semicarbazide氨脲-semioxamazone缩半萆肼-siliconic acid硅酸-sin僧;素-st-甾-stannonic acid锡酸-stibine月弟-stibinic acid次锑酸-stibinous acid卑锑酸stibonic acid锑酸-stibonium锑-stibonous acid亚锑酸sulfenamide次磺酰胺-sulfenic acid次磺酸-sulfide硫-sulfilimine硫亚胺-sulfinamide亚磺酰胺-sulfinic acid亚磺酸-sulfonamide磺酰胺-sulfone砜-sulfonic acid磺酸-sulfoxide亚砜-sultam磺内酰胺-sultone磺内酯-tanin单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid亚碲酸-telluronic acid碲酸-thetin(e)噻亭-thin质thioacetal醛缩硫醇-thiocarbazone硫卡巴腙-thiohydroxylamine硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸-thioketene乙烯硫酮-thiol硫醇-thiolactone硫代内酯-thiosemicarbazone缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid硫羟酸-thione硫酮-thionic acid硫羰酸-thionothiolic acid二硫代羧酸-thiourea硫脲-tin亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺-toxin(e) 毒-trin醇-trisulfide三硫-tropin托品-ulose酮糖-area脲-urethan(e)尿烷-urethylan(e)尿基烷-uric acid尿酸-uronic acid糖醛酸,糖酮酸-xanthin黄质-xanthogenic acid黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺-yl 基-ylene亚基-yl halide卤代物-ylidene亚基-ylidyne次基-ylium钅翁-yne炔前缀hex—表示“六”,而后缀—ane 表示“烷烃”;—ene表示“烯烃”;—yne 表示“炔”;—yl表示“基”。
化学专业英语常用前后缀
化学专业英语常用前后缀化学专业英语常用前后缀alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐]anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半***i- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四trakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔。
有机化学词汇前后缀
-amidine 脒
-amine 胺
-ane 烷 小蚂蚁--化学考研公益社区7\ ~ A2p9O;^ p
anhydride 酐 小蚂蚁--化学考研公益社区 B A
}2b+t p+z*d L,a
keto- 酮
-lactone 内酯
mega- 106
meta- 间,偏
methoxy- 甲氧基
methyl 甲基
mono- ( mon-) 一,单
nano- 10-9
nitro- 硝基
nitroso- 亚硝基
nona- 九
nonadeca- 十九
ethoxy- 乙氧基
ethyl 乙基 ` G
fluoro- 氟代emi- 半
hendeca- 十一
hepta- 七
heptadeca- 十七
hexa- 六
hexadeca- 十六
-hydrin 醇
azo- 偶氮 h q%m/g'`
j u h b
benzene 苯
bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐
bis- 双
-borane 硼烷
W:B d
v L5M F l f H
bromo- 溴 化学,考研,资料,试题,笔记G+g"e7x H B
tetra- 四
tetradeca- 十四
tetrakis- 四个
thio- 硫代
trans- 反式,超,跨
tri- 三
thio- 硫代
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀和各种物质的缩写
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀有机化学合成常见缩写Ac Acetyl 乙酰基DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-二甲氨基吡啶acac Acetylacetonate 乙酰丙酮基DME dimethoxyethane 二甲醚AIBN Azo-bis-isobutryonitrile 2,2'-二偶氮异丁腈DMF N,N'-dimethylformamide 二甲基甲酰胺aq. Aqueous 水溶液dppf bis (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene 双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁9-BBN 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 9-硼二环[3.3.1]壬烷dppp 1,3-bis (diphenylphosphino)propane 1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷BINAP (2R,3S)-2,2’-bis (diphenylphosphino)-1,1’-binaphthyl(2R,3S)-2.2'-二苯膦-1.1'-联萘亦简称为联二萘磷BINAP是日本名古屋大学的Noyori(2001年诺贝尔奖)发展的一类不对称合成催化剂dvb Divinylbenzene 二乙烯苯Bn Benzyl 苄基e- Electrolysis 电解BOC t-butoxycarbonyl 叔丁氧羰基(常用于氨基酸氨基的保护)%ee % enantiomeric excess 对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)%de % diasteromeric excess 非对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)Bpy (Bipy) 2,2’-bipyridyl 2,2'-联吡啶EDA (en) ethylenediamine 乙二胺Bu n-butyl 正丁基EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸二钠Bz Benzoyl 苯甲酰基EE 1-ethoxyethyl 乙氧基乙基c- Cyclo 环-Et Ethyl 乙基FMN Flavin mononucleotide 黄素单核苷酸CAN Ceric ammonium nitrate 硝酸铈铵Cat. Catalytic 催化Fp flash point 闪点CBz Carbobenzyloxy 苄氧羰基FVP Flash vacuum pyrolysis 闪式真实热解法h hours 小时Min Minute 分钟hv Irradiation with light 光照COT 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienyl 1,3,5-环辛四烯1,5-HD 1,5-hexadienyl 1,5-己二烯Cp Cyclopentadienyl 环戊二烯基HMPA Hexamethylphosphoramide 六甲基磷酸三胺CSA 10-camphorsulfonic acid 樟脑磺酸HMPT Hexamethylphosphorus triamide 六甲基磷酰胺CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(相转移催化剂)iPr isopropyl 异丙基Cy Cyclohexyl 环己基LAH Lithium aluminum hydride 氢化铝锂(LiAlH4)LDA Lithium diisopropylamide 二异丙基氨基锂(有机中最重要一种大体积强碱)dba Dibenzylidene acetone 苄叉丙酮LHMDS Lithium hexamethyldisilazideDBE 1,2-dibromoethane 1,2- 二溴乙烷LTBA Lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydrideDBN 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 二环[5.4.0]-1,8-二氮-7-壬烯mCPBA meta-cholorperoxybenzoic acid 间氯过苯酸DBU 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene 二环[4.3.0]-1,5-二氮-5-十一烯Me Methyl 甲基DCC 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺MEM b-methoxyethoxymethyl 甲氧基乙氧基甲基-DCE 1,2-dichloroethane 1,2-二氯乙烷Mes Mesityl 均三甲苯基(也就是1,3,5-三甲基苯基)不知对不对?DDQ 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone 2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌MOM methoxymethyl 甲氧甲基DEA Diethylamine 二乙胺Ms Methanesulfonyl 甲基磺酰基(保护羟基用)TBDMS, TBS t-butyldimethylsilyl 叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(羟基保护基)DEAD Diethyl azodicarboxylate 偶氮二甲酸二乙酯MS Molecular sieves (3 or 4 )分子筛Dibal-H Diisobutylaluminum hydride 二异丁基氢化铝MTM Methylthiomethyl 二甲硫醚diphos (dppe) 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino)ethane 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷Naphth Naphthyl 萘基diphos-4 (dppb) 1,4-bis (diphenylphosphino)butane 1,2-双(二苯基膦)丁烷NBD Norbornadiene 二环庚二烯(别名:降冰片二烯)NBS N-Bromosuccinimide N-溴代丁二酰亚胺别名:N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺NCS N-chlorosuccinimide N-氯代丁二酰亚胺. 别名:N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺TBAF Tetrabutylammonium fluoride 氟化四丁基铵TASF Tris(diethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethyl silicateNi(R) Raney Nickel 雷尼镍(氢活性催化还原剂)NMO N-methyl morpholine-n-oxide N-甲基氧化吗啉TBHP t-butylhydroperoxide 过氧叔丁醇PCC Pyridinium chlorochromate 吡啶氯铬酸盐PDC Pyridinium dichromate 重铬酸吡啶t-Bu Tert-butyl 叔丁基TEBA Triethylbenzylammonium 三乙基苄基胺PEG Polyethylene glycol 聚乙二醇TEMPO Tetramethylpiperdinyloxy free radicalPh Phenyl 苯基PhH Benzene 苯TFA Trifluoroacetic acid 三氟乙酸TFAA Trifluoroacetic anhydride 三氟乙酸酐PhMe Toluene 甲苯(亦称toluol;methylbenzene )Tol Tolyl 甲苯基Tf or OTf TriflatePhth Phthaloyl 邻苯二甲酰THF Tetrahydrofuran 四氢呋喃Pip Piperidyl 哌啶基THP Tetrahydropyranyl 四氢吡喃基TMEDA Tetramethylethylenediamine 四甲基乙二胺Py Pyridine 吡啶TMP 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶quant. quantitative yield 量子定量产率TMS Trimethylsilyl 三甲基硅烷基Red-Al [(MeOCH2CH2O)AlH2]Na 直接看分子式就是了sBu sec-butyl 仲丁基Tr Trityl 三苯基sBuLi sec-butyllithium 仲丁基锂TRIS TriisopropylphenylsulfonylSiamyl DiisoamylTs (Tos) Tosyl (p-toluenesulfonyl) 对甲苯磺酰基%%de 非对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)%ee 对映体过量百分比(不对称合成术语)AA/MMA 丙烯腈/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物AA 丙烯酸AAS 丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯共聚物ABFN 偶氮(二)甲酰胺ABN 偶氮(二)异丁腈ABPS 壬基苯氧基丙烷磺酸钠Ac 乙酰基acac 乙酰丙酮基AIBN 2,2'-二偶氮异丁腈aq. 水溶液BBAA 正丁醛苯胺缩合物BAC 碱式氯化铝BACN 新型阻燃剂BAD 双水杨酸双酚A酯BAL 2,3-巯(基)丙醇9-BBN 9-硼二环[3.3.1]壬烷BBP 邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯BBS N-叔丁基-乙-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺BC 叶酸BCD β-环糊精BCG 苯顺二醇BCNU 氯化亚硝脲BD 丁二烯BE 丙烯酸乳胶外墙涂料BEE 苯偶姻乙醚BFRM 硼纤维增强塑料BG 丁二醇BGE 反应性稀释剂BHA 特丁基-4羟基茴香醚BHT 二丁基羟基甲苯BINAP (2R,3S)-2.2'-二苯膦-1.1'-联萘,亦简称为联二萘磷,BINAP是日本名古屋大学的Noyori (2001年诺贝尔奖)发展的一类不对称合成催化剂BL 丁内酯BLE 丙酮-二苯胺高温缩合物BLP 粉末涂料流平剂BMA 甲基丙烯酸丁酯BMC 团状模塑料BMU 氨基树脂皮革鞣剂BN 氮化硼Bn 苄基BNE 新型环氧树脂BNS β-萘磺酸甲醛低缩合物BOA 己二酸辛苄酯BOC 叔丁氧羰基(常用于氨基酸氨基的保护)BOP 邻苯二甲酰丁辛酯BOPP 双轴向聚丙烯BP 苯甲醇BPA 双酚ABPBG 邻苯二甲酸丁(乙醇酸乙酯)酯BPF 双酚FBPMC 2-仲丁基苯基-N-甲基氨基酸酯BPO 过氧化苯甲酰BPP 过氧化特戊酸特丁酯BPPD 过氧化二碳酸二苯氧化酯BPS 4,4’-硫代双(6-特丁基-3-甲基苯酚)BPTP 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯Bpy 2,2'-联吡啶BR 丁二烯橡胶BRN 青红光硫化黑BROC 二溴(代)甲酚环氧丙基醚BS 丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物BS-1S 新型密封胶BSH 苯磺酰肼BSU N,N’-双(三甲基硅烷)脲BT 聚丁烯-1热塑性塑料BTA 苯并三唑BTX 苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物Bu 正丁基BX 渗透剂BXA 己二酸二丁基二甘酯BZ 二正丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌Bz 苯甲酰基Cc- 环-CA 醋酸纤维素CAB 醋酸-丁酸纤维素CAM 甲基碳酰胺CAN 硝酸铈铵CAN 醋酸-硝酸纤维素CAP 醋酸-丙酸纤维素Cat. 催化CBA 化学发泡剂CBz 苄氧羰基CDP 磷酸甲酚二苯酯CF 甲醛-甲酚树脂,碳纤维CFE 氯氟乙烯CFM 碳纤维密封填料CFRP 碳纤维增强塑料CLF 含氯纤维CMC 羧甲基纤维素CMCNa 羧甲基纤维素钠CMD 代尼尔纤维CMS 羧甲基淀粉COT 1,3,5-环辛四烯Cp 环戊二烯基CSA 樟脑磺酸CTAB 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(相转移催化剂)Cy 环己基DDABCO 1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷DAF 富马酸二烯丙酯DAIP 间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DAM 马来酸二烯丙酯DAP 间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DATBP 四溴邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯DBA 己二酸二丁酯dba 苄叉丙酮DBE 1,2-?二溴乙烷DBEP 邻苯二甲酸二丁氧乙酯DBN 二环[5.4.0]-1,8-二氮-7-壬烯DBP 邻苯二甲酸二丁酯DBR 二苯甲酰间苯二酚DBS 癸二酸二癸酯DBU 二环[4.3.0]-1,5-二氮-5-十一烯DCC 1,3-二环己基碳化二亚胺DCCA 二氯异氰脲酸DCCK 二氯异氰脲酸钾DCCNa 二氯异氰脲酸钠DCE 1,2-二氯乙烷DCHP 邻苯二甲酸二环乙酯DCPD 过氧化二碳酸二环乙酯DDA 己二酸二癸酯DDP 邻苯二甲酸二癸酯DDQ 2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-1,4-苯醌DEA 二乙胺DEAD 偶氮二甲酸二乙酯DEAE 二乙胺基乙基纤维素DEP 邻苯二甲酸二乙酯DETA 二乙撑三胺DFA 薄膜胶粘剂DHA 己二酸二己酯DHP 邻苯二甲酸二己酯DHS 癸二酸二己酯DIBA 己二酸二异丁酯Dibal-H 二异丁基氢化铝DIDA 己二酸二异癸酯DIDG 戊二酸二异癸酯DIDP 邻苯二甲酸二异癸酯DINA 己二酸二异壬酯DINP 邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯DINZ 壬二酸二异壬酯DIOA 己酸二异辛酯diphos(dppe) 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷diphos-4(dppb) 1,2-双(二苯基膦)丁烷DMAP 4-二甲氨基吡啶DME 二甲醚DMF 二甲基甲酰胺dppf 双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁dppp 1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷dvb 二乙烯苯Ee- 电解E/EA 乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物E/P 乙烯/丙烯共聚物E/P/D 乙烯/丙烯/二烯三元共聚物E/TEE 乙烯/四氟乙烯共聚物E/VAC 乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物E/VAL 乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物EAA 乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物EAK 乙基戊丙酮EBM 挤出吹塑模塑EC 乙基纤维素ECB 乙烯共聚物和沥青的共混物ECD 环氧氯丙烷橡胶ECTEE 聚(乙烯-三氟氯乙烯)ED-3 环氧酯EDA 乙二胺EDC 二氯乙烷EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸二钠EDTA 乙二胺四醋酸EE 乙氧基乙基EEA 乙烯-醋酸丙烯共聚物EG 乙二醇2-EH 异辛醇EO 环氧乙烷EOT 聚乙烯硫醚EP 环氧树脂EPI 环氧氯丙烷EPM 乙烯-丙烯共聚物EPOR 三元乙丙橡胶EPR 乙丙橡胶EPS 可发性聚苯乙烯EPSAN 乙烯-丙烯-苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物EPT 乙烯丙烯三元共聚物EPVC 乳液法聚氯乙烯Et 乙基EU 聚醚型聚氨酯EVA 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EVE 乙烯基乙基醚EXP 醋酸乙烯-乙烯-丙烯酸酯三元共聚乳液FF/VAL 乙烯/乙烯醇共聚物F-23 四氟乙烯-偏氯乙烯共聚物F-30 三氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物F-40 四氟氯乙烯-乙烯共聚物FDY 丙纶全牵伸丝FEP 全氟(乙烯-丙烯)共聚物FMN 黄素单核苷酸FNG 耐水硅胶Fp 闪点或茂基二羰基铁FPM 氟橡胶FRA 纤维增强丙烯酸酯FRC 阻燃粘胶纤维FRP 纤维增强塑料FRPA-101 玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酸癸胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙1010树脂)FRPA-610 玻璃纤维增强聚癸二酰乙二胺(玻璃纤维增强尼龙610树脂)FVP 闪式真实热解法FWA 荧光增白剂GGF 玻璃纤维GFRP 玻璃纤维增强塑料GFRTP 玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料促进剂GOF 石英光纤GPS 通用聚苯乙烯GR-1 异丁橡胶GR-N 丁腈橡胶GR-S 丁苯橡胶GRTP 玻璃纤维增强热塑性塑料GUV 紫外光固化硅橡胶涂料GX 邻二甲苯GY 厌氧胶Hh 小时H 乌洛托品1,5-HD 1,5-己二烯HDI 六甲撑二异氰酸酯HDPE 低压聚乙烯(高密度)HEDP 1-羟基乙叉-1,1-二膦酸HFP 六氟丙烯HIPS 高抗冲聚苯乙烯HLA 天然聚合物透明质胶HLD 树脂性氯丁胶HM 高甲氧基果胶HMC 高强度模塑料HMF 非干性密封胶HMPA 六甲基磷酸三胺HMPT 六甲基磷酰胺HOPP 均聚聚丙烯HPC 羟丙基纤维素HPMC 羟丙基甲基纤维素HPMCP 羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯HPT 六甲基磷酸三酰胺HS 六苯乙烯HTPS 高冲击聚苯乙烯hv 光照IIEN 互贯网络弹性体IHPN 互贯网络均聚物IIR 异丁烯-异戊二烯橡胶IO 离子聚合物IPA 异丙醇IPN 互贯网络聚合物iPr 异丙基IR 异戊二烯橡胶IVE 异丁基乙烯基醚JJSF 聚乙烯醇缩醛胶JZ 塑胶粘合剂KKSG 空分硅胶LLAH 氢化铝锂(LiAlH4)LAS 十二烷基苯磺酸钠LCM 液态固化剂LDA 二异丙基氨基锂(有机中最重要一种大体积强碱)LDJ 低毒胶粘剂LDN 氯丁胶粘剂LDPE 高压聚乙烯(低密度)LDR 氯丁橡胶LF 脲LGP 液化石油气LHMDS 六甲基叠氮乙硅锂LHPC 低替代度羟丙基纤维素LIM 液体侵渍模塑LIPN 乳胶互贯网络聚合物LJ 接体型氯丁橡胶LLDPE 线性低密度聚乙烯LM 低甲氧基果胶LMG 液态甲烷气LMWPE 低分子量聚乙稀LN 液态氮LRM 液态反应模塑LRMR 增强液体反应模塑LSR 羧基氯丁乳胶LTBA 氢化三叔丁氧基铝锂MMA 丙烯酸甲酯MAA 甲基丙烯酸MABS 甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MAL 甲基丙烯醛MBS 甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物MBTE 甲基叔丁基醚MC 甲基纤维素MCA 三聚氰胺氰脲酸盐MCPA-6 改性聚己内酰胺(铸型尼龙6)mCPBA 间氯过苯酸MCR 改性氯丁冷粘鞋用胶MDI 二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(甲撑二苯基二异氰酸酯)MDI 3,3’-二甲基-4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷MDPE 中压聚乙烯(高密度)Me 甲基Me MethylMEK 丁酮(甲乙酮)MEKP 过氧化甲乙酮MEM 甲氧基乙氧基甲基-MES 脂肪酸甲酯磺酸盐Mes 均三甲苯基(也就是1,3,5-三甲基苯基)MF 三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂M-HIPS 改性高冲聚苯乙烯MIBK 甲基异丁基酮Min 分钟MMA 甲基丙烯酸甲酯MMF 甲基甲酰胺MNA 甲基丙烯腈MOM 甲氧甲基MPEG 乙醇酸乙酯MPF 三聚氨胺-酚醛树脂MPK 甲基丙基甲酮M-PP 改性聚丙烯MPPO 改性聚苯醚MPS 改性聚苯乙烯Ms 甲基磺酰基(保护羟基用)MS 分子筛MS 苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯树脂MSO 石油醚MTBE 甲基叔丁基醚MTM 甲硫基甲基MTT 氯丁胶新型交联剂MWR 旋转模塑MXD-10/6 醇溶三元共聚尼龙MXDP 间苯二甲基二胺NNaphth 萘基NBD 二环庚二烯(别名:降冰片二烯)NBR 丁腈橡胶NBS N-溴代丁二酰亚胺?别名:N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺NCS N-氯代丁二酰亚胺.?别名:N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺NDI 二异氰酸萘酯NDOP 邻苯二甲酸正癸辛酯NHDP 邻苯二甲酸己正癸酯NHTM 偏苯三酸正己酯Ni(R) 雷尼镍(氢活性催化还原剂)NINS 癸二酸二异辛酯NLS 正硬脂酸铅NMO N-甲基氧化吗啉NMP N-甲基吡咯烷酮NODA 己二酸正辛正癸酯NODP 邻苯二甲酸正辛正癸酯NPE 壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚NR 天然橡胶OOBP 邻苯二甲酸辛苄酯ODA 己二酸异辛癸酯ODPP 磷酸辛二苯酯OIDD 邻苯二甲酸正辛异癸酯OPP 定向聚丙烯(薄膜)OPS 定向聚苯乙烯(薄膜)OPVC 正向聚氯乙烯OT 气熔胶PPA 聚酰胺(尼龙)PA-1010 聚癸二酸癸二胺(尼龙1010)PA-11 聚十一酰胺(尼龙11)PA-12 聚十二酰胺(尼龙12)PA-6 聚己内酰胺(尼龙6)PA-610 聚癸二酰乙二胺(尼龙610)PA-612 聚十二烷二酰乙二胺(尼龙612)PA-66 聚己二酸己二胺(尼龙66)PA-8 聚辛酰胺(尼龙8)PA-9 聚9-氨基壬酸(尼龙9)PAA 聚丙烯酸PAAS 水质稳定剂PABM 聚氨基双马来酰亚胺PAC 聚氯化铝PAEK 聚芳基醚酮PAI 聚酰胺-酰亚胺PAM 聚丙烯酰胺PAMBA 抗血纤溶芳酸PAMS 聚α-甲基苯乙烯PAN 聚丙烯腈PAP 对氨基苯酚PAPA 聚壬二酐PAPI 多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯PAR 聚芳酯(双酚A型)PAR 聚芳酰胺PAS 聚芳砜(聚芳基硫醚)PB 聚丁二烯-〔1,3]PBAN 聚(丁二烯-丙烯腈)PBI 聚苯并咪唑PBMA 聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯PBN 聚萘二酸丁醇酯PBS 聚(丁二烯-苯乙烯)PBT 聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯PC 聚碳酸酯PC/ABS 聚碳酸酯/ABS树脂共混合金PC/PBT 聚碳酸酯/聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯弹性体共混合金PCC 吡啶氯铬酸盐PCD 聚羰二酰亚胺PCDT 聚(1,4-环己烯二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯)PCE 四氯乙烯PCMX 对氯间二甲酚PCT 聚己内酰胺PCT 聚对苯二甲酸环己烷对二甲醇酯PCTEE 聚三氟氯乙烯PD 二羟基聚醚PDAIP 聚间苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDAP 聚对苯二甲酸二烯丙酯PDC 重铬酸吡啶PDMS 聚二甲基硅氧烷PEG 聚乙二醇Ph 苯基PhH 苯PhMe 甲苯Phth 邻苯二甲酰Pip 哌啶基Pr n-丙基Py 吡啶Qquant. 定量产率RRE 橡胶粘合剂Red-Al [(MeOCH2CH2O)AlH2]NaRF 间苯二酚-甲醛树脂RFL 间苯二酚-甲醛乳胶RP 增强塑料RP/C 增强复合材料RX 橡胶软化剂SS/MS 苯乙烯-α-甲基苯乙烯共聚物SAN 苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物SAS 仲烷基磺酸钠SB 苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物SBR 丁苯橡胶SBS 苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物sBu 仲丁基sBuLi 仲丁基锂SC 硅橡胶气调织物膜SDDC N,N-二甲基硫代氨基甲酸钠SE 磺乙基纤维素SGA 丙烯酸酯胶SI 聚硅氧烷Siamyl 二异戊基SIS 苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物SIS/SEBS 苯乙烯-乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物SM 苯乙烯SMA 苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物SPP 间规聚苯乙烯SPVC 悬浮法聚氯乙烯SR 合成橡胶ST 矿物纤维TTAC 三聚氰酸三烯丙酯TAME 甲基叔戊基醚TAP 磷酸三烯丙酯TASF 三(二乙胺基)二氟三甲基锍硅酸盐TBAF 氟化四丁基铵TBDMS,?TBS 叔丁基二甲基硅烷基(羟基保护基)TBE 四溴乙烷TBHP 过氧叔丁醇TBP 磷酸三丁酯t-Bu 叔丁基TCA 三醋酸纤维素TCCA 三氯异氰脲酸TCEF 磷酸三氯乙酯TCF 磷酸三甲酚酯TCPP 磷酸三氯丙酯TDI 甲苯二异氰酸酯TEA 三乙胺TEAE 三乙氨基乙基纤维素TEBA 三乙基苄基胺TEDA 三乙二胺TEFC 三氟氯乙烯TEMPO 四甲基氧代胡椒联苯自由基TEP 磷酸三乙酯Tf?or?OTf 三氟甲磺酸TFA 三氟乙酸TFAA 三氟乙酸酐TFE 四氟乙烯THF 四氢呋喃THF 四氢呋喃THP 四氢吡喃基TLCP 热散液晶聚酯TMEDA 四甲基乙二胺TMP 三羟甲基丙烷TMP 2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶TMPD 三甲基戊二醇TMS 三甲基硅烷基TMTD 二硫化四甲基秋兰姆(硫化促进剂TT)TNP 三壬基苯基亚磷酸酯Tol 甲苯基TPA 对苯二甲酸TPE 磷酸三苯酯TPS 韧性聚苯乙烯TPU 热塑性聚氨酯树脂Tr 三苯基TR 聚硫橡胶TRIS 三异丙基乙磺酰TRPP 纤维增强聚丙烯TR-RFT 纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯TRTP 纤维增强热塑性塑料Ts?(Tos) 对甲苯磺酰基TTP 磷酸二甲苯酯UU 脲UF 脲甲醛树脂UHMWPE 超高分子量聚乙烯UP 不饱和聚酯VVAC 醋酸乙烯酯VAE 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物VAM 醋酸乙烯VAMA 醋酸乙烯-顺丁烯二酐共聚物VC 氯乙烯VC/CDC 氯乙烯/偏二氯乙烯共聚物VC/E 氯乙烯/乙烯共聚物VC/E/MA 氯乙烯/乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/E/VAC 氯乙烯/乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物VC/MA 氯乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/MMA 氯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物VC/OA 氯乙烯/丙烯酸辛酯共聚物VC/VAC 氯乙烯/醋酸乙烯酯共聚物VCM 氯乙烯(单体)VCP 氯乙烯-丙烯共聚物VCS 丙烯腈-氯化聚乙烯-苯乙烯共聚物VDC 偏二氯乙烯VPC 硫化聚乙烯VTPS 特种橡胶偶联剂WWF 新型橡塑填料WP 织物涂层胶WRS 聚苯乙烯球形细粒XXF 二甲苯-甲醛树脂XMC 复合材料YYH 改性氯丁胶YM 聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶乳YWG 液相色谱无定型微粒硅胶ZZE 玉米纤维ZH 溶剂型氯化天然橡胶胶粘剂ZN 粉状脲醛树脂胶。
有机常用前后缀
hv Irradiation with light 光照
COT 1,3,5-cyclooctatrienyl 1,3,5-环辛四烯
dvb Divinylbenzene 二乙烯苯
Bn Benzyl 苄基
e- Electrolysis 电解
四氯化碳 -------- 76.8--------- 1280
醋酸甲酯--------- 57.2--------- 1180
丙酮------------- 56.2--------- 1120
正己烷 --------- 65~69 --------- 1000
二氯乙烷--------- 84----------- 750
trans- 反式,超,跨
tri- 三
trideca- 十三
tris- 三个
undeca- 十一
uni- 单,一
unsym- 不对称的,偏位
-yl 基
-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)
-yne 炔
名称------沸点℃---- 比挥发速度
二氯甲烷--------- 40--------- 2750
-amine 胺
-ane 烷
anhydride 酐
anilino- 苯胺基
aquo- 含水的
-ase 酶
-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯
-atriyne 三炔
azo- 偶氮
benzene 苯
bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐
bis- 双
-borane 硼烷
bromo- 溴
1,5-HD 1,5-hexadienyl 1,5-己二烯
有机化学专业英语常用词汇
有机化学专业英语常用词汇aquo- 含水的 octadeca- 十八常用前后缀-ane 烷 petro- 石油 nonadeca- 十九-ene 烯 syn- 顺式,同,共-yne 炔 trans- 反式,超,跨 Alkane 烷 phenol 苯酚 sym- 对称 Alkene 烯 benzene 苯 unsym- 不对称的,偏位 Alkyen 炔 -hydrin 醇 hypo- 低级的,次 Alcohol 醇 alcohol 醇 hyper- 高级的,高 Aldehyde 醛 -ol 醇 cyclo- 环Detone 酮 -aldehyde 醛 hemi-;semi- 半 Ester 酯 -one ;keto- ;ketone酮sesqui 一个半 Nitrile 腈 Acid 酸 bis- 双 Ether 醚 -carboxylic acid 羧酸poly- 聚,多 Amine 胺 -ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -oyl 酰 Amide 酰胺 -ester 酯acetal- 乙酰 Cycloalkene 环烷 -ether 醚 iso- 异,等,同 Spirane 环烯-amine 胺 ortho- 邻,正,原-imine 亚胺 meta- 间,偏-amide 酰胺 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐sulfa- 磺胺-cyano 氰 Methly 一anilino- 苯胺基 Ethly 二amino- 氨基的 Proculy 三fluoro- 氟代 But 四chloro- 氯代 Pent 五bromo- 溴 mono- ( mon-) ;单,一iodo- 碘代 uni- 单,一thio- 硫代 ter- 三 tris- 三个oxy- 氧化 tri- 三nitro- 硝基 quadri- ;tetra- 四nitroso- 亚硝基 tetrakis- 四个hydroxyl 羟基 penta-;quinque- 五carbonyl 羰基 hexa- 六methyl 甲基 hepta- ;septi- 七ethyl 乙基 octa- 八butyl 丁基 nona- 九phenyl 苯基 deca- 十methoxy- 甲氧基 undeca- ;hendeca- 十一ethoxy- 乙氧基 dodeca- 十二alkoxy- 烷氧基 trideca- 十三allyl 烯丙基 tetradeca- 十四Propenyl 丙烯基 pentadeca- 十五epoxy- 环氧 hexadeca- 十六hydro- 氢或水 heptadeca- 十七常见化学元素Hydrogen 氢 helium 氦Lithium 锂 Beryllium 铍 Boron 硼Carbon 碳Nitrogen 氮 Oxygen 氧 Fluorine 氟 Neon 氖Sodium 钠 Magnesium 镁 Aluminum 铝 Silicon 硅Phosphorus 磷 Sulfur 硫Chlorine 氯 Argon 氩Potassium 钾 Calcium钙 Scandium 钪 Titanium 钛 Vanadium 钒 Chromium 铬 Manganese 锰 Iron 铁Cobalt 钴Nickel 镍Copper 铜Zinc 锌Gallium 镓 Germanium 锗 Arsenic 砷 Selenium 硒 Bromine 溴 Krypton 氪Iodine 碘Xenon 氙。
有机化学英文命名后缀
acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔AndrewSiyer by monopoly)简单有机物的命名就是主链词头比如propa-/buta-/penta-/hexa--ane/-ene/-yne,然后比如烯炔,1,3-dien-5-yne 然后再加-ol/-amine/-al/-one/-oic acid通俗命名法里这些也是可以叠加的,比如phenyl propanol amine系统命名法里,除了主官能团以外的基团就得用取代基词头hydroxy-/amino-/formyl-/oxo- or keto-/carboxyl-Welcome !!! 欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!。
有机化学常用词缀及单词
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象] Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的]Heterotopic 异位[的]Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的] Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的]Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应]Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应] Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应] -ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。
化工专业英语前缀后缀汇总
butyronitrile
丁腈
acetic anhydride
乙酐
2、常见无机物构词规律
非含氧酸(尾缀-ic acide)
氢卤酸
haloid acide
氢氟酸
hydrofluoric acide
氢氯酸
hydrochloric acide
氢溴酸
hydrobromic acide
氢碘酸
hydroiodic acid
metaphosphate
含氧高某酸盐
(前缀per-;尾缀-ic acid)
对应盐
(前缀per-;尾缀-ate)
高氯酸
perchloric acid
perchlorate
高锰酸
permanganic acid
permanganate
高碘酸
periodic acid
periodate
高铁酸
ferric acid
叔丁基
ethyl
乙基
pentyl
戊基
propyl
丙基
iso-pentyl
异戊基
butyl
丁基
neo-pentyl
新戊基
iso-butyl
异丁基
hexyl
己基
烯烃
(尾缀-ene)
化学名称
炔烃
(尾缀-yne)
化学名称
ethene
乙烯
ethyne
乙炔
propene
丙烯
propyne
丙炔
butene
丁烯
butyne
丁酸
butyrate
丁酸盐(酯)
valeric acid; pentanotate
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有机物英语单词后缀表-acetal缩醇acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛-aldechydic acid醛酸-amarime(或-marine)苦苷-amic acid酰胺酸-amide酰胺-amide acid (=amic acid)酰胺酸-amidine脒-amidoxime脒肟-amidrazone脒腙-amine胺-ane烷anhydride -ic anhydrideanil缩苯胺-anilic acid酰苯胺酸-anilide酰苯胺-aniside酰茴香醛-arsine胂-arsinic acid[美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid[美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide胂氧-arsonic acid[美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid[美国名指]亚胂酸-ase酶-azide叠氮-azine连氮-betaine内胺盐-biarsine联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine联锑bi...yl联...-borane硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸-boronic acid硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid氨甲酸-carbazinic acid肼甲酸-carbinol甲醇-carbodithioic acid二硫代羧酸carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼-carbohydraoxamamide甲肟胺-carbohydroxamic acid羧肟胺-carbonamidine甲脒-carbonitrile甲腈-barbonyl羰基-carbothioic acid羧硫代酸-carbothiolic acid甲硫羟酸-carbothionic acid甲硫羰酸-carboxaldehyde甲醛-carboxamide甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime甲胺肟-carboximidic acid甲亚胺酸-carboxylic acid羧酸-carbylamine胩-cene并...苯-chloroarine氯胂-chlorohydrin氯醇-chrysine柯因-cyanamide氨腈-cyanhydrin氰醇-cyanoarsin氰胂-diarsine联胂-diazonium重氮-dicarboximide二甲酰亚胺-dichloroarsine二氯胂-diimide联亚胺-din(e)定;啶di...(o)yl联…酰-disulfide二硫-dithiocarbamic acid氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene联二…亚基-drin(e)君[俗名词尾]-e-裂[嵌在末一音节之前,指分裂后之产物]-ene烯-ester酯-etane丁环-ete丁-etene丁亭[4元无氮一烯环,中文中与-etine不分]-ether醚-etidine丁啶-etine丁亭[4元含氮饱和环]-florine花精-follin叶素-folin叶素-form仿gen精-genin配基-germanonic acid基锗酸-gin精-glycol二醇-hemiacetal缩一醇-hydrazidc酰肼-hydrazidine肼定-hydrazine肼-hydrazone腙-hydrin醇hydrogen ester氢酯hydrosulfamine巯胺-hydroxamamide肟胺-hydroxamic acid羟肟酸-hydroxylamine胲-ic anhydride酸酐-ic semialdehyde醛酸-ide酰胺-il 偶酰-imide酰亚胺-imidic acid亚胺酸-imine亚胺-in精-inium -onium-iodohydrin碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine丙啶-irine丙因-isothiourca异硫脲-isource异脲-ite糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal酮缩醇-ketene乙烯酮-ketazine酮连氮-ketimide酮亚胺-ketol乙酮醇-ketone酮-ketoxime甲酮肟-lactam内酰胺-lactim内酰亚胺-lactone内酯-lin灵-lin(e)灵-lysin溶素-mercaptal醛缩硫醇-mercaptan硫醇-mereaptole酮缩硫醇-methine甲碱-methylene亚甲基-min明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉-naphthalide N-酰基萘胺-naphthone酰萘-nin(e)宁-nitramine硝胺-nitrile腈-nitrolic acid硝肟酸-nitrosamine亚硝胺-nitrosate硝酯肟酸-nitrosolic acid亚硝肟酸-nitrosite亚硝酯肟酸-oic acid酸-oin偶姻-ol醇-ole脑,醚-olic acid醇酸;脑酸;油酸;炔酸-olid(e)交酯-olidine烷[5元含氮饱和杂环]-oline啉[5元一烯杂环]-onane壬环[9元饱和杂环]-one酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium钅翁-o... one...酰...酮-or脑-orthosiliconic acid原硅酸-osan聚糖-osazone脎-ose糖-oside 糖苷-oxide氧化物-oxime肟-oyl酰-oyl halide酰卤-ozonide臭氧-peroxide过氧-phene 芬-phine粉;芬-phenetidide酰基苯乙定-phenone酰苯-phosphine膦-phosphinic acid次磷酸-phosphinous acid卑磷酸-phosphonic acid磷酸-phosphonous acid亚磷酸-phyllin(e)非灵;植素-picrin苦碱-pin(e)品-pinacol频哪醇-pinacolin(e)频哪酮-pinacolone频哪酮-pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶-plumbonic acid铅酸-quine奎-rin扔,苷-rufin绛酚saccharic acid糖质酸saccharinic acid糖精酸-sapegenin皂萆配基-saponine皂萆苷-selenenic acid次硒酸-seleninic acid亚硒酸-selenol硒醇-selenonic acid硒酸-semiacetal醛缩一醇semialdehyde-icsemialdehyde-semicarbazone缩氨脲-semicarbazide氨脲-semioxamazone缩半萆肼-siliconic acid硅酸-sin僧;素-st-甾-stannonic acid锡酸-stibine月弟-stibinic acid次锑酸-stibinous acid卑锑酸stibonic acid锑酸-stibonium锑-stibonous acid亚锑酸sulfenamide次磺酰胺-sulfenic acid次磺酸-sulfide硫-sulfilimine硫亚胺-sulfinamide亚磺酰胺-sulfinic acid亚磺酸-sulfonamide磺酰胺-sulfone砜-sulfonic acid磺酸-sulfoxide亚砜-sultam磺内酰胺-sultone磺内酯-tanin单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid亚碲酸-telluronic acid碲酸-thetin(e)噻亭-thin质thioacetal醛缩硫醇-thiocarbazone硫卡巴腙-thiohydroxylamine硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸-thioketene乙烯硫酮-thiol硫醇-thiolactone硫代内酯-thiosemicarbazone缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid硫羟酸-thione硫酮-thionic acid硫羰酸-thionothiolic acid二硫代羧酸-thiourea硫脲-tin亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺-toxin(e) 毒-trin醇-trisulfide三硫-tropin托品-ulose酮糖-area脲-urethan(e)尿烷-urethylan(e)尿基烷-uric acid尿酸-uronic acid糖醛酸,糖酮酸-xanthin黄质-xanthogenic acid黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺-yl 基-ylene亚基-yl halide卤代物-ylidene亚基-ylidyne次基-ylium钅翁-yne炔acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔。