高考介词专项练习题

一、单项选择介词

1．With the development of economy，our income has increased ________ 10% in less than a year.

A．for B．by

C．on D．at

【答案】B

【解析】

考查介词。句意：随着经济的发展，我们的收入一年内增加了10%。increase by 表示“增加了多少”。故选B。

2．In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand __a rock

A．with B．as C．by D．like

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查语境及介词辨析。句意：风尚的事情，随波逐流；原则问题，坚如磐石。A. with和.....一起；B. as作为，当作；像…一样，如同；C. by靠近，在…旁边，由......；D. like相似，类似，像.....：后面只跟名词或代词。根据语境可知，此处是个比喻，比喻人站的像/巨石一样坚定。As和like有“像......，如同......”。但二者是用区别的，as是介词时，可译作“作为，当作”；作连词时，“(比较时用)像…一样，如同；(指事情以同样的方式发生)和…一样”，后面一般跟省略句；C. by靠近，在…旁边，由......；D. like是介词，“相似，类似，像......”，后面只跟名词或代词。本空后面是名词a rock。可知要用like，而不能用as。故选D。

【点睛】

as与like是英语中常见的两个词，他们的语义和用法很多。在语义上者两个词都可以当“像”,“正如”讲，说明人与人、物与物、动作与动作、状态与状态之间的相似之处。

一、当“像”讲时

1.语法结构的不同之处是：

as作连接词，她引导比较状语从句和方式状语从句，而且这两种从句通常为省略句。

She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be她是个好歌手，就像她母亲以前一样。

There is as much water in this cup as in that one. 这个杯子里的水和那个杯子里的水一样多。like作介词。

My sister isn't much like me. 我妹妹不像我。

The robot can't work like man. 机器人不能像人一样工作。

2、在含义上不同

like只是单纯表示比较，而且通常侧重A B两者间的比较，并不意味着A和B属于一类或完全相似，表示有些相象。

The ship looks like a high building这艘船看起来像一座高楼。

（只是看起来像一座高楼，但不是和高楼一样）

as可表示同类事物比较。通常侧重于同一性，意味着A B两者属于同一类或完全相似。He speaks English as an Englishman.(=as well as an English.) 他英语讲得像个英国人。

（表示他英语讲得和英国人一样好）。

二、当“正如”意义讲时

1.as作关系代词或关系副词、引导定语从句。as 在这样的句子里指全句所谈到的内容，引出非限制性定于从句或限制性定语从句的固定搭配，在从句中一般做主语或宾语。

As we said before, you have done a good job. 正如我们之前所说，你做得很好。

as常用于下列词组as you know, as we agreed, as you suggested 这些词组中，as的实际意义不是比较，也不是相似，而是同一事物或人之义。

例如:as you know 的意思不是you know something like this，而是you know this。

As he knew, she wasn't much at writing. 就像他知道的，她不太擅长写作。

2.like作介词

She，like thousands of others, is fascinated by this work她和其他成千上万的人一样，对这项工作着。

3.在非正式的文体中,like,常被用来代替as if

Tom said: ”You feel like you could reach out and touch it” 汤姆说：“你觉得你好像可以伸出手去触摸它。”

3．As is known to all, the law requires equal treatment for all, ________ race, religion, or gender. A．in spite of B．in terms of C．regardless of D．in virtue of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：众所周知，法律要求人人平等，不论种族、宗教或性别。A. in spite of尽管，不管；B. in terms of在…方面，从…角度看; C. regardless of不管，不顾; D. in virtue of由于。in spite of与regardless of的使用语境是不同的。in spite of 意为“即使...也不...”是否定语气。例句：He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.他虽竭尽全力，但仍然未能将那石头搬起来。regardless of 表示“无论…都要…”的意思，是肯定语气。例句： I shall go regardless of the weather.我不管天气如何都要去。因此两个词在语气和意思上都有明显差别，故选C。

4．Everything was perfect for the picnic ______ the weather.

A．in place of B．as well as C．except for D．in case of

【答案】C

【解析】

本题考查的是词组辨析。A项in place of表示“代替，取代”；B项as well as表示“又，也，还”；C项except for 意思是“除----之外”，表示在说明了基本（整体）情况之后，再对细节进行说明”；D项in case of表示“万一，假使”。本句的意思是：除天气之外，所有情况对于野炊来说非常好。在本句中，可以将“天气”看成是“所有情况”当中的一个细节，故选C。

5．An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ________it.

A．against B．for

C．to D．with

【答案】A

【解析】

考查介词。be against反对，符合句意。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。

6．（北京）—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.

—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon. A．for B．on

C．in D．at

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词。句意：——早上好，Lee先生办公室。——早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和Mr. Lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为……预约”，是固定搭配，故A选项正确。

点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for为……预约。

7．(2015?湖北) This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you ___________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.

A．in advance B．in detail

C．in total D．in general

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：这个会议室是无烟区域。我想提前警告你：如果你在这里吸烟，会被罚款。A项“提前”；B项“详细地”；C项“总共，总计”；D项“大体上，笼统地”。故选A项。考点：介词短语辨析

【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。题干中的关键词“if you smoked here you would be fined”这一虚拟语气表示这是假设的情况，因此是在“提前”警告某人。另外，考生应注意积累“in+n.(+of)”这一常考搭配。

8．（浙江卷）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.

A．on B．in

C．at D．about

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

【详解】

考查介词词义辨析。句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句，省略that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，in the cultures在环境中。故选B。

【点睛】

这道题与其说是考查介词，还不如说是考查定语从句，因为介词in不是和后面的influence 搭配，而是通过分析发现这是定语从句，和前面的先行词culture搭配需要什么介词。

9．If we surround ourselves with people _____our major purpose, we can get their support and encouragement.

A．in sympathy with B．in terms of

C．in honour of D．in contrast with

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果我们周围都是认同我们主要前进目标的人，我们就能得到他们的支持和鼓励。A. in sympathy with赞成；B. in terms of 依据；C. in honour of为纪念；

D. in contrast with与…形成对比。由“we can get their support and encouragement”可知，in sympathy with“赞成”符合句意。故选A项。

10．（天津）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.

A．at first B．after all

C．above all D．at random

【答案】B

【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first起初；B. after all毕竟，终究。C. above all首先；

D. at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。

点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。

11．I am always delighted to receive your letters. ______ being short, they bring much relief when I know that you are safe.

A．In terms of B．With regard to

C．On account of D．In spite of

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：收到你的来信我总是很高兴。虽然很短，但当我知道你平安无事时，它们给我带来了很大的安慰。A. In terms of依据；B. With regard to关于；C. On account of由于；D. In spite of尽管，根据题意，故选D。

12．Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second-floor windows, ______ he could see nothing but trees.

A．where B．from where

C．which D．from which

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查定语从句。句意：下马不久，上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了。他从那里除了树木什么也没看到。he could see nothing but trees.为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词at the second-floor windows，故用from where，相当于and from at the second-floor windows，而from where 比where具体形象，故选B。

【点睛】

From where 引导定语从句的用法。用于引导非限制性定语从句，在意义上相当于 and from there（从那儿）。如：

He hid himself in a tree, from where he could see the enemy in the distance. 他躲在一棵树上，从那儿他可以看到远处的敌人。

We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the procession. 我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看游行。

Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.下马不久,上尉就出现在二楼的窗口了.他从那里除了树木什么也没看到.(引导定语从句)

划线部分相当于…,and from at the windows…不可变为from which…,直接用where不如用from where更具体.

2、She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.她登上山顶,从那里她可以一览全城风光.（引导定语从句）

划线部分相当于…,and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which…,不可变为from which,也可直接用where引导,但语义较为含糊,不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体.

13．This was returned because the person ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.

A．to whom B．to which

C．which D．whom

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查介词+关系代词。句意：这封信被退回来是因为收信人三年前去世了。分析句子可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作介词的宾语，而定语从句中涉及be address to sb“给……写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。

【点睛】

定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：

(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why 通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。

分析本句可知，the person为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作作介词的宾语。而定语从句中涉及be address to sb “给...写信”。所以介词为to。故A选项正确。

14．______ all the seats full, he had no choice but to stand up.

A．For B．As C．Though D．With

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：考查with符合结构，句意：因为所有的座位都坐满了，他只好站着。因为逗号前面的不是句子，不能用连词as，for，though，应该用with+宾语+adj（宾语补足语），选D。

考点：考查with符合结构

15． The equipment for all of the disabled people ought to be _________ easy reach in public. A．beyond B．within C．near D．around

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：考查介词。A超越；B在……之内；靠近；D周围。句意：所有残疾人设备都应当在公共场合容易得到。故B正确。

考点：考查介词

16．--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.

--- With so much work ________ my mind, I’ll almost________.

A．filling; break up B．filled; break out C．filled; break off D．filling; break down

【解析】

试题分析: break up“驱散，放假”，break out“爆发”，break off“折断，中止”；break down“出故障，身体垮掉”。第一空是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，在此结构中宾语work和动词fill是主动关系，用现在分词，排除B、C选项，再根据语境可知答案选D。句意：“快点，请告诉我有关这项工程的一些意见。”“对不起，我满脑子都是工作，我快垮掉了。”

考点：考查非谓语动词和短语辨析。

17．“May I help you?”Said a bright American voice _____ the telephone.

A．in B．over C．from D．of

【答案】B

【解析】

分析句意，可知这是从电话的另外一端所讲的话。在英语的习惯中，要用介词over。根据句意，可知选B。句意：“我有什么能帮你的呢？”从电话的另外一端传过来一把响亮的美国口音。

18．Frequent smoggy weather has set the alarm ringing; by no means can we develop economy _____ the environment.

A．under the name of B．for the sake of

C．at the cost of D．in the light of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查短语辨析。句意：雾霾天气让我们警醒起来，我们发展经济时绝对不能牺牲环境。A. under the name of以……的名义；B. for the sake of为了……的利益；C. at the cost of以……的代价；D. in the light of根据，按照。根据语境，故选C项。

19．When we met again 20 years later, we chatted a lot _______ tea.

A．for B．in

C．over D．during

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词。句意：20年后我们再次见面时，我们喝茶聊了许多。over tea“喝茶”，故选C。

20．（浙江）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his

help.______, he’s reliable.

A．Or else B．In short

C．By the way D．For one thing

【答案】B

【分析】

【详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：这个年轻人诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总是在那里。简言之，他很可靠。A.否则；B.简言之；C.顺便说一下；D.首先。根据句意和各选项分析，故选B。

【点睛】

介词短语的考查通常是一些易混的相似的介词短语，但是意思却是大相径庭。学生在平时要注意积累这些相似短语的搭配和含义，做题时结合具体的语境代入各个选项来确定答案。这句话很明显，前后两句话意思一样，就是后面的内容简短，由此可以确定是“简言之”。

高考英语-介词与介词短语-专题练习(五)有答案

高考英语专题练习（五）介词与介词短语 1．The university started some new language programs to cater _______ the country's Silk Road Economic Belt. 2．The whole team count _______ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. 3．Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but _______ Thomas Edison. 4．Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes _______ animals both on land and sea? 5．Most people work because it's unavoidable. _______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work. 6．We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _______ our emotions than for straight facts. 7．These comments came in response _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 8．This meeting room is a non－smoking area. I would like to warn you _______ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 9．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃_______ the average. 10．The little pupil took his grandma _______ the arm and walked her across the street. 11．Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃____ the average. A．below B．on C．at D．above 12．September 30 is the day ______ which you must pay your bill. A．by B．for C．with D．in 13．These comments came _______ specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A．in memory of B．in response to C．in touch with D．in possession of 14．What we expect from you is working hard hardly working? A．less than B．rather than C．as well as D．as much as 15．_______ a common memory they all have their school days is the school uniform. A．of B．on C．to D．with 16．Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting. A．in demand B．in store C．on loan D．on sale 17．Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _______ sale. 18．But Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution _______ these villages without a local shop. 19．When Jane got home, with her small but well－chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _______ table having supper. 21．Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _______ greater success in one's life. 22．Respect is very important _______ home, at school, and everywhere you go.

高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配

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