屋顶花园植物配置(Roof garden plant configuration)

屋顶花园植物配置（Roof garden plant configuration）屋顶花园植物配置(Roof garden plant configuration)A problem should be paid attention to when designing Roof Garden: the load is limited. Roof garden is often high, so the wind isrelatively large, in addition to the roof soil is thin, light a long time, the temperature difference between day and night, low humidity, moisture is small, we can choose some light, temperature, heat resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, barren, vigorous trees and flowers. The best is a shrub, bonsai, turf plants such as in short, use more fibrous root tree level developed root system, can meet the requirements of shallow soil, to minimize the use of big tree root, to use big Joe, planting location should be designed in the load-bearing column and the main wall position, not in the house the panel. The soil should also pay attention to is the roof is the use of light, coupled with the high roof, so the wind resistance of tall trees significantly weaker than the ground, therefore, to take measures to reinforce the normal growth of plants. You can use soilless cultivation of lawn, with fragrant and colorful plant applications, so that we do not need to go out, you can smell the flowers.Soil thickness is controlled to a minimum. General turf and other low ground plants, cultivated soil depth of about 16 cm; shrubs deep 40-50 cm; trees deep 75-80 cm. Slopes between grassland and shrubs.Finally, we should also pay attention to the roof of the less trees shrubs and herbaceous flowers more, so we design special to do the flowers and trees, well-proportioned height density color collocation is reasonable and harmonious.Roof garden planning and designThe design and construction of Roof garden to the clever use of the roof of the building, the main platform, balcony, windowsill, parapet and wall open green space, and make a garden art appeal.Restricted by the space layout of Roof garden by building natural plane and bearing structure of the building, compared with outdoor gardening, the design is complex and related to the cooperative work, coordination of architectural design, building structure, building structure and hydropower and other types of coordination is the key to success of Roof garden. Thus, the planning and design of Roof garden is a difficult and limited landscape planning and design projects.A practical, Roof garden is a Roof garden garden to measure quality, in addition to meet different applicationrequirements, green coverage rate index must be between 50% and 70%, in order to play the ecological benefits of green, environmental and economic benefits.Two, exquisite is Roof garden characteristic, Roof garden to provide people with beautiful recreational environment, so it should be better than open garden built more beautiful. Roof garden landscape configuration, plant selection should be the local boutique, and well-designed plant landscaping features. Because of the narrow space, road roundabout, location and scale on the roof of the building, visitorsline, should be more carefully, not only with the main building and the surrounding environment coordinated, but also have a unique style garden.Three. Safety is the guarantee of Roof garden. Buildings can safely bear the weight of Roof garden, such as the weight of plants, soil and other facilities. In addition, the roof waterproof should also pay attention to.Roof garden is in the process of building roof waterproof layer has been completed, garden pieces, civil engineering construction andregular planting farming operations, is easy to be damaged, the roof Water Leakage, caused great economic losses, and even social resistance become the building of Roof garden, should cause enough attention.In addition, a strong protective measure must be provided to build gardens on the roof in case the figures fall.The Roof garden can be widely understood in ancient and modern buildings, city wall, bridge (bridge), roof, balcony, roof, balcony or large artificial rockery hill landscape, planting flowers and trees. Itis the biggest difference between open space gardening and plantplanting, because Roof garden is to open the ground, gardening andplanting to move to the building. Its planting soil is synthetic soil,not connected with the natural earth soil.Roof garden is the protagonist of green plants, it can produce oxygen, purify air, adjust air temperature and humidity, so as to createa good ecological environment; gas characteristics it emits has a bactericidal effect on people's physical and mental health is very beneficial; at the same time it to the building also has heat insulation, sound insulation and noisereduction and protection of waterproof layer cover structure andother effects, known as "the life of building materials".Flowering shrubs are the main body of Roof garden, so we should tryto match the four seasons flowers. Such as: spring flowering plum,spring cuckoo, jasmine, gardenia, peach, cherry, tiegeng; summer summer Juan, Huang Juelan, Myrtle, Michelia, pomegranate; autumn Begonia, chrysanthemum, sweet scented osmanthus; winter wintersweet, camellia, camellia. Herbaceous flowers optional melon, Primula, rose, rose, Jin Zhanju, a string of red, such as poinsettia. Aquatic plants have calla, bamboo, lotus, lotus, water chestnut, water hyacinth etc..In addition to considering the Four Seasons flower collocation, but also pay attention to the choice of trees according to seasonal changes, depending on the growth conditions can choose magnolia, gardenia, big cypress, boxwood ball, Prunus cerasifera, Sophora japonica, loquat, osmanthus, bamboo and other evergreen plants; with high ornamental value, meaning the species, such as Mieba Xiumi, leaves the color red, red wood, Acer palmatum * Shi Nan; elegant elegant whirling leaves cycads; Zhu Cong Yu; product line of Gao Jie plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, pine etc..A plant in a very wide range of application in the Roof garden,under the bed or around the trees, shrubs, planting some edge plants have charm, but also make full use of the altar edge angle, a plant available flat leaves, ophiopogon root, Ligustrum quihoui, Yang flower, this can avoid the production of bottom and edge effect, leaving less bare soil, blank.Roof garden green walls usually use has tendrils, adsorption, winding, climbing plants, the rapid growth in a variety of vertical walls, bostonivy, wisteria, ivy, pyrostegiaignea, peak and creeping plants such as Mao Wei cheap, there are some ornamental, can be used as the first choice. Other flowers and plants can also be used to hang the wall. Such as wisteria, grape, Xue Li, vine rose, honeysuckle, Radix Aucklandiae,pyrostegiaignea, crabapple, Akebia, Petunia, or kite dill, vegetables and fruits such as grapes, vegetables, pumpkin, gourd, chayote etc..Lawns and ferns are among the most widely used cover plants in Roof garden. Such as dwarf cypress and cactus, such as a variety of turf grass, grass, high wool velvet reineckea, ophiopogon root, orchids, horses, beautiful tassel, sun flower, gold, Wedelia, Lantana, red grass, bamboo, plum pearl tail hanging. In addition, many good varieties of perennial plants are covered, such as red flowers, small Tang Burnet, Pachysandra and Shi Zhu. If clever collocation, reasonable organization, can create bright and lively floor space.Hedge plant background or boundary planting area attractions edge, the fountain often cultivated plants. Its presence allows the planting areas to be organized in a safe environment and can be used as a foilfor independent attractions. But gardening or management must not make hedge plants dominate. Common hedge plants are small, privet, split, Bai Yuan, Du Song, blackberry, Sorbaria boxwood, boxwood Buxus, hibiscus and holly.In the green roof design, but also preferred mulberry, acacia, Magnolia, figs, palms, Euonymus japonicus, oleander, hibiscus, jasmine, rose, guava, Pittosporum, osmanthus and other varieties of anti pollution ability strong.The thickness of the planting layer in Roof garden is generally determined by the type of plant. Herbs 15~30 cm, flowers, shrubs, 30~45 cm, large shrubs, 45~60 cm, shallowly rooted trees, 60~90 cm, deep root trees, 90~150 cm. The above thickness can only meet the minimum soil condition required for the survival and breeding period, so the thickness of the planting layer shall be greater than the minimum.Waterproof design and construction of the Roof Garden: to analyzethe causes of Roof garden Water Leakage, waterproof construction points and construction combined with the engineering practice of Roof garden with attention, and the waterproof material selection and construction technology to draw some feasible opinions.Key words: Roof garden; waterproof; design; constructionRoof garden is not only the cooling and heat insulation effect is good, and can beautify the environment, clean air, improve the local climate, but also a rich city overlooking the landscape, can compensate the building occupied the green ground, greatly improve the city green coverage rate, is a worth popularizing roof form. The success or failure of waterproof treatment directly affects the use of Roof garden and the safety of the building. Once it is found leaking, it must be partially or completely reworked. Therefore, the treatment of waterproof layer is the key technology of Roof garden, and it is also the most concerned issue.1 causes analysis of water leakageBoth the original design and construction of the Roof garden, or in the housing has been built on the flat roof on the building of Roof garden, in the daily use during and after the completion of the construction, the waterproof and drainage system are easy to damage the roof, causing the roof Water Leakage. The reasons are as follows:1.1, the roof waterproof layer defectsThe structure layer and the waterproof layer even to maintain the original practice, but also in the general prefabricated hollow board to do waterproof layer, or rigid waterproof layer, so it is still the inevitable leakage in the weak links and parapet gutter cornices etc.. Especially the rigid waterproof roof, the most serious problem is that the waterproof layer may crack and leak after the completion of the construction.There are many reasons for the cracks: roof expansion caused by climate change and the sun and cold; warping deformation of roof panel after the stress changes caused by the foundation settlement; the roof or wall bearing recoil slurry shrinkage causes; roof creep or material shrinkage.1.2 when building Roof garden, it destroyed the original waterproof layerThe roof does not build Roof garden, it may leak, and in a more prone to leakage of roof waterproof layer on a number of garden construction, which is more likely to cause damage to the roof waterproof layer and lead to leakage. Even if no holes are punched or buried, the iron roof will be damaged if not carefully constructed, and the roof waterproof and drainage structure will be damaged. Planting sometimes destroys the waterproof layer, for example, the shovel usedfor filling may damage the waterproof layer.1.3 Roof garden, more waterThe watering of plants, water pools, fountains and other waterbodies is very frequent, which adds water to the roof. The roof of the building drainage system in general, are not considered for the construction of Roof garden plant required osmotic water and water drainage engineering problems, especially irrigation water and sewage pools contain plant roots and leaves and mud and other debris, will make the water outlet and pipeline blockage, resulting in roof water and Water Leakage.No matter what the causes of water leakage, people tend to blame Roof garden, which has caused social resistance for the promotion of Roof garden. Therefore, the planning, design and construction units and the use of units should have sufficient knowledge, and jointly deal with the waterproof problem of Roof garden.2 construction points and matters needing attention2.1 do waterproof test and ensure good drainage systemConstruction of the Roof garden must be carried out two timeswaterproof treatment. First of all, to check the original waterproof performance: closed water outlet, and then irrigation, 96h (4 days, 4 nights) strict closed water test. Closed water test, we should carefully observe the leakage of houses, and some houses continuous water closed for 3 days without leakage, fourth days began to leak, if you can ensure that 96h does not leak, indicating that the roof waterproof effect is better. This waterproof effect is only suitable for non Roof garden. Waterproof layer is the key technology to ensure the roof does not leak, but roof waterproof and drainage is one of the two aspects of the problem, so we must also deal with the roof drainage system. In the roof garden project, the planting pond, pond and road site should be designed according to the original roof drainage system, and should not block, isolate or change the original drainage and slope. Especially the drainage pipe under the drainage layer of the large planting pool should cooperate with the roof drain, and pay attention to the relativeelevation difference, so that the excess irrigation and irrigation inthe planting pool can be discharged smoothly.2.2 do not damage the original waterproof layerThe implementation of the two water treatment, the overheadinsulation layer is best to take off the roof, the heat insulation layer, the waterproof layer shall not pry the wound. Clean and rinse after removal to increase adhesion. In general, no holes, pipes and pre buried iron and buried pillars are allowed to be worn on the roof waterproof layer that has been built. Therefore, when the Roof garden is built on the roof of a newly-built house, the garden design department should provide the structural design unit with the construction drawings of the building concerned,In order to achieve the construction of Roof garden technical requirements. If it is built in the old Roof garden building, both the roof waterproof layer which is not on the roof, and then piercing punch, buried iron and pillar. Even if the general equipment does not take root on the roof, other measures can only be taken to make them "float" onthe roof.2.3 pay attention to the construction quality of waterproof layerAt present, Roof garden's waterproof treatment methods are mainlyrigid and flexible, each with its own characteristics. Because the vermiculite cultivation has the very good conservation function to the roof, at this time the roof waterproof is best to use the rigid waterproof. Should first do coating waterproof layer, and then do rigidwaterproof layer, and its practices can refer to the standard design of the structural details. Rigid waterproof layer is mainly in the roof slab paved 50mm thick fine stone concrete, placed in the phi 4 @ 200 bidirectional reinforced net 1 layer (this approach is built into the whole layer), used in concrete adding some micro expansion agent, water reducing agent, waterproofing agent, to improve the crack resistance and impermeability. The waterproof layer is hard to prevent the roots of trees and shrubs to penetrate, to protect the roof, and the roof has better integrity, not easy to crack, long service life, more suitablefor the construction of Roof garden than the flexible waterproof layer. The roof should be set around the brick wall,the wall is arranged on the lower part of sink hole and gutter. When the planting roof is a flexible waterproof layer, the upper part should also set up the 1 layers of rigid protective layer, that is to say, the roof can use one or more (composite) waterproofing, but the above should be a rigid waterproof layer, waterproof layer of roof flashing height should be higher than the overflow 100mm.The rigid waterproof layer is prone to irregular cracks due to the thermal expansion and cold contraction of the roof and the deformation and deformation of the structural floor, which results in the failure of the rigid roof waterproofing. In order to solve this problem, besides the steel wire or fine steel net in the fine stone concrete with 30 ~50mm thickness, the floating layer and the slit can be used to solve the problem. The so-called "floating layer", that is, isolation layer, therigid waterproof layer and structural layer to adapt to the deformation of the activities. The construction method is to place 1 layers of dry felt or waste paper on the floor leveling layer to form a separation layer, and then make a rigid waterproof layer. Can also use the insulation layer on the floor or sand, ash and other loose material to form a separation layer, and then make rigid waterproof layer. The partition joint of the rigid waterproof layer is determined according to the temperature expansion and structure and the deformation of the beam and slab. The width of the joint is reserved according to a certain section, so as to facilitate the expansion and expansion, the grout is filled in the 20mm. Note: due to the separation of rigid waterproof layer seam construction quality is often not easy to guarantee, in addition to the parapet flashing place should strictly according to the requirementsof good separation gap, the rest of the roof can not be providedwith a dividing joint. The roof rigid waterproof layer is best to be poured and rammed at once, so as not to leak. The surface of waterproof layer must be smooth and smooth. After construction, brush 2 waterproof paint to ensure the design and construction quality of waterproof layer. We must pay special attention to the waterproof layer anti-corrosion treatment, lattice waterproof layer seam used "a cloth sewing, and the four with good performance of corrosion resistant caulking factis. Should not be planted roots developed, and have a strong erosion of the water layer of plants, such as pine, cypress, banyan and so on.Two4 pay attention to material quality and node structureShould choose high temperature not flow, low temperature is notcrisp crack, not aging, waterproof effect of waterproof material. Rigid multilayer plastering cement mortar waterproof layer should be not less than the original grade 325# ordinary portland cement or cement, slag Portland cement can be used; the sand particle size 1 ~ 3mm sand, sand, rough, hard for clean; with cement slurry and cement mortar ratio according to water requirements of raw materials, performance and construction method of determining, construction must be strictly grasp. At present, some buildings also use flexible waterproof layer, Roof garden often has "three felt four oil" or "two felt three oil", and then combined with PVC clay or polyvinyl chloride paint processing. In recent years, some new waterproof materials have also begun to be put into use. It has been putinto the construction of roof with three yuan ethylene propylene waterproofing membrane, and the result is good. Abroad, there are also attempts to use hollow foam products as a good drainage layer and filler between the green soil and the roof to reduce the weight. Useful recycled rubber base, plus asphalt waterproof coating, paste thick 3mm glass fiber cloth as waterproof layer, so that more conducive to rapid construction. Also an insulator layer is arranged between the waterproof layer and slate (as a buffer), can prevent the vibration spread up, and waterproof, heat insulation, can also be used PUK waterproofpolyurethane coating on the roof greening floor location, prevention Water Leakage.The roof waterproof layer either forms and materials, waterproof and drainage system constitutes the entire roof, pipes, all the needed flue, drain holes, embedded iron pillar and roof facilities shall properly handle the node structure in roof waterproof layer, and pay special attention to is connected with the soil and the gutter flow termination part. The integral rigid waterproof layer often fails to prevent the whole roof from failure because of the improper disposal of these small structural joints. In addition, according to the conventional arrangement of vertical and horizontal slit, the structure is complex and easy to leak. When installing waterproof board, when the width of a waterproof board is not enough, a few pieces should be placed side by side, it should be noted that the joint between the board and the board should be completely sticky with adhesive. Otherwise, even a small gap will affect the waterproof effect. The air and water often present at the gap will also provide the conditions for plant root growth. The growth of the root will gradually increase andthe water leakage will eventually occur. Similarly, the gap between the slate and the waterproof board also provides the potential for the production of roots.The construction method is better with the thermal coating effect, and the hot coating material can be permeable to the gap after heating. The roof weak part, such as the surrounding air around the channels,parapet, should strengthen treatment. Especially around the parapet, the waterproof layer should be extended to the wall over tens of centimeters over the upper bed position, will otherwise easily so leakage. Waterproof layer thickness, number of layers should be in strict accordance with relevant state regulations, specifications, construction, at least should be "a cloth two oil", that is, two layers of thermal coating of oil material, the middle layer as "tendons" waterproof cloth. After the completion of water treatment should be based on high grade cement mortar, waterproof protection layer. Should be avoided in wet conditions, construction, roofing is wet, it is not suitable for construction. Waterproof layer should be maintained in good time, water storage shall not be allowed to water.Roof garden's landscape works and building blocks can only be constructed after confirming that the roof waterproof works are intact and undamaged.3 engineering examplesIn view of the problem of roof leakage, the concept of "ecological planting roof compound drainage respiratory system" has been put forward. The use of advanced ecologicalroof waterproof ventilating water technology, to conform to thenature of the roof waterproof long-term goal, the central idea is the "guide", compete with nature, but through the ecological cycle of water, moisture, air guide and vegetation, water saturation and insulationlayer to solve the problem and the temperature difference between insideand outside pressure. To achieve multiple objectives of water insulation, waterproof and beautify the environment. The application of the systemis illustrated in detail through a building, Roof garden.The system is developed on the basis of the original waterproof design, as shown in Figure 1, not only to overcome the shortage of waterproofing membrane, but also to use the planting layer of insulation and thermal insulation characteristics. The mechanism is soil layer,soil layer is the drainage layer of vegetation, and the water absorption, heat insulation and protection of the house to find the slope layer or the basic. Plants absorb indoor carbon dioxide emissions, exhaled oxygen, and the effect of soil moisture absorption layer. Because vegetation absorbs heat from solar radiation and transforms it into biochemical energy by photosynthesis, it changes the form of energy. In addition,the surface heat of reflection is small, long wave radiation is small, and winter has good thermal insulation performance, so the vegetation also has good thermal performance. Through the exhaust, can be indoor humidity and turbid air to outdoor air emissions from warmer air and carbon dioxide and conducive to vegetation growth, outdoor fresh air at the same time from the catheter into the interior, thus promoting air flow, reduce indoor air pressure, reduce or even no formation of condensed water accumulation phenomenon. The rainwater filtered by the filter layer of the roof can berapidly discharged through the drainage system with a crisscross leveling layer, and the water is not formed in the roof, so the waterdoes not leak downward. The roof water tank is communicated with a plurality of branch pipes arranged in the partition, soil layer, the use of water-saving irrigation in summer, drought and vegetation layer to replenish water, conducive to vegetation growth, vegetation growth but also conducive to the summer heat, reduce the room temperature, so the formation of a large ecological circulation system.4, experience and summary(1) the concept of building waterproof should be changed. First of all, we should improve our understanding of the importance of waterproofing technology. At present, the construction technology and decoration standards are constantly improving, while the domestic building waterproof standards have declined. In the past, the roof waterproof project cost about 5% to 10% of the project cost, but in recent years it dropped to about 2%. The concept of building waterproof in foreign countries has been changing, not only considering the one-time cost, but considering the cost and the use of waterproof project, and more emphasis on the use of functional improvement.(2) pay attention to the matching, coordination and optimization between waterproof design and construction technology, waterproof material and structure, base and construction time and environment, so as to obtain the best waterproof effect. Therefore, in the construction of the roof waterproof layer of Roof garden related facilities, should be in the roof construction structure construction plan to express, and have definite waterproof construction practices.(3) reasonable material selection is the key to achieve comprehensive effect of technology and economy.The main principle is based on the importance of the selection ofthe building structure, geographical location, climatic conditions, waterproof grade, waterproof layer, waterproof structure and detail structure; according to the selection of waterproof material features of local climate; according to the performance of waterproof material, waterproof grade requirements, determine the thickness of the waterproof layer. Waterproof material is now a wide variety, product quality varies greatly. Designers should fully understand the performance of these waterproof materials, and correctly select high quality waterproof materials to form a waterproof layer which is both economical and reasonable and can give full play to waterproof effects. The roof of large projects, especially the roof of high buildings, should be made of high-grade or middle and high grade waterproof materials, so that it can be adapted to the class and standard of the building. According to reports, the development of building insulation waterproof materials science research institute and other units of the Chinese JC series roof, is a kind of waste rubber modified asphalt as waterproof material waterproof layer, absorbing rubber elastic, wide temperature and asphalt has advantages of high adhesion, water resistance, and overcomes the defects of hot asphalt drip cold crisp and other shortcomings, has good permeability, strong adhesion, anti-aging and so on, and low cost,lighter weight, more suitable for the waterproof layer to do the Roof garden.Waterproof is the core of Roof garden's safety work. Waterproof engineering quality and design, construction and materials are closely related to three aspects. Material based, design as premise, construction as the key. In order to do a good job in Roof garden waterproof project, we must choose reliable quality waterproof material, make reasonable structure, and good construction quality。