雅思阅读分类词汇200

雅思阅读分类词汇200雅思阅读分类词汇——文化类（40个）1. discrepancy n. 差异a difference between two or more things that should be the same2. misconception n. 误解a belief or an idea that is not based on correct information ,or that is not understood by people3. discrimination n. 区别，歧视the practice of treating sb. or a particular group in society less fairly than others4. hierarchy n. 等级制度a system especially ina society or an organization, in which people are or organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest5. patriot n. 爱国者a person who loves their country and who is ready to defend it against an enemy6. compatriot n. 同胞a person who was born in, or is a citizen of ,the same country as sb. else7. vernacular n. 本国的本地话，本国话the language or dialect that is most widely spoken by ordinary people in a region or country8. immigration n. 移入the process of coming to live permanently in a country that is not your own9. permeate n. 渗透，弥漫(liquid, gas, etc) to spread to every part of an object or a place 10. entrepreneur n. 企业家 a person who makes money by starting or runningbusinesses ,especially when this involves taking financial risks11. practitioner n. 开业者，从业者a person who works in a profession ,especially medicine or law.12. anecdote n. 轶事amusing account of something that has happened13. notoriety n. 恶名becoming well-known for something bad14. counterpart n. 对应人，对等物another person or thing that has a similar function or position in a different place.15. subordinate n. 下级someone who has a less important position than you in the organization that you both work for.16. tactics n. 战术，技巧the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy17. punctual adj. 准时的，守时的acting or arriving or performed exactly at the time appointed18. harass n. 骚扰annoy continually or chronically19.redundancy n. 冗余，冗员the attribute of being superfluous and unneeded20. downsize n. 裁员the practice of redesigninga vehicle to retain the interior volume, and often the nameplate and styling of a larger car to a smaller, more efficient platform21. ballot n. 投票the system of voting in writing and usually in secret; the piece of paper on which sb. marks who they are voting for22. impartial adj. 不偏不倚的not supporting one person or group more than another23. lobby n.大堂a large area inside the entrance of a public building where people can meet and waitv. 游说to try to influence a politician or the government and for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change in the law24. equilibrium n. 平衡，均衡a state of balance , especially between opposing forces or influences;a calm state of mind and a balance of emotions25. questionnaire n. 调查表，问卷a written list of questions that are answered by a number of people so that information can be collected from the answers26. quantitative adj. 定量的connected with the amount or a number of sth. rather than with how good it is27. contingency n. 偶然性，偶然事件an event that may or may not happen28. incur v. 招致to suffer the unpleasant results of a situation that you have caused29. ethical adj. 伦理的，符合伦理的connected with beliefs of what is right or wrong30. dubious adj. 疑惑的，可疑的not certain andslightly suspicious about sth.31. manifestation n. 显示,证明the act of appearing as a sign that sth. exists or is happening32. vogue n. 时尚a fashion for sth.33. bizarre adj. 奇异的，古怪的very strange or unusual34. mediocre adj. 平庸的(disapproving)not very good; of only average standard35. dietitian n. 营养学家a person whose job is to advise people on what kind of food they should eat to healthy36. connoisseur n. 行家鉴赏家an expert on matters involving the judgment of beauty, quality or skill in art , food or music37. homogeneous adj. 由相同事物（或人）组成的；同种类的consisting of things or people that are all the same or all of the same type38. mainstream n. 主流思想主流群体the ideas and opinions that are thought to be normal because they are shared by most people; the people whose ideas and opinions are most accepted39. dialect n. 方言the form of a language that is spoken in one area with grammar, words and pronunciation that may be different from other forms of the same language40. quantitative adj. 定量的connected with theamount or a number of sth. rather than with how good it is雅思阅读分类词汇——生物/生理类（40个）41. molecule adj. 分子(physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound42. protein n. 蛋白质any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells43. enzyme n. 酶proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions44. catalyst n. 催化剂(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected45. chlorophyll n. 叶绿素a green substance in plants which enables them to use the energy from sunlight in order to grow46. photosynthesis n. 光合作用the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light47. botany n. 植物学a branch of science that deals with plant life48. flora n. 植物群all the plant life in a particular region or period49. fauna n. 动物群all the animal life in a particular region or period50. bacterium n. 细菌any one of a group of very small living things that often cause disease51. fungus n. 真菌 a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores52. organism n. 机体，组织a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently53. arthropod n. 节肢动物invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin54. reptile n. 爬行动物 a group of cold-blooded animals which have skins covered with small hard plates called scales and lay eggs 55. amphibian n. 两栖动物 animals such as frogs and toads that can live both on land and in water56. mammal n. 哺乳动物any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair57. primate n. 灵长目动物 a member of the group of mammals which includes humans, monkeys, and apes58. evolution n. 进化 a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage 59. anthropoid n. 类人猿 any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids60. gene n. 基因(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain61. genetics n. 遗传学the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms 62. helix n. 螺旋，螺旋状物 a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle63. identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的exactly alike; incapable of being perceived as different 64. mutation n. 突变any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism65. predator n. 捕食者an animal that kills and eats other animals66. embryo n.胚胎an unborn animal or human being in the very early stages of development67. hibernate n. 冬眠spend the winter in a state like a deep sleep68. torpid adj. 麻木的，蛰伏的in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation69. cerebral adj. (大)脑的relating to the brain70. hemisphere n. 半球one half of the brain; one half of the earth71. cortex n. 脑皮层 the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal72. somatic adj. 躯体的affecting or characteristic of the body as opposed to the mind or spirit73. limb n. 四肢one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper74. anatomy n. 解剖，剖析the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals75. paralyze n. 使瘫痪make powerless and unable to function76. artery n. 动脉 a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body77. gland n. 腺体any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream78. hormone n. 荷尔蒙，激素the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect79. cholesterol n. 胆固醇an animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues80. fade v. 凋谢，褪色gradually become paler; gradually cease to be visible雅思阅读分类词汇——教育类（40个）81. accommodation n.(膳宿)供应somewhere to live or stay, often also providing food or other services82. lodging n.寄宿(处) temporary accommodation83. lease v. 出租to use or let sb. use sth., especially property or equipment, in exchange for rent or a regular payment84. tenant n. 房客，佃户someone who pays rent for the place they live in, or for land or buildings that they use.85. landlord n.房东a person or company from whom you rent a room, a house, an office, etc. 86. dormitory n.寝室a room for several people to sleep in, especially in a school or other institutions87. reciprocal a.相互的，互惠的agreement involves two people or groups who do the same thing to each other or agree to help each another in a similar way.88. flat a.平的，瘪的,n.公寓having a level surface, not curved or sloping ; not containing enough air, usually because of a hole ; a set of rooms for living in, including a kitchen, usually on one floor of a building89. utensil n.器皿tools or objects that you use in order to help you to cook or to do other tasks in your home.90. stationery n.文具paper, envelopes, and other materials or equipment used for writing91. laundry n. 洗衣，洗衣店the process or the job of washing clothes, sheets, etc. ; a business or place where you send sheets, clothes, etc. to be washed92. cafeteria n.自助餐厅a restaurant where you choose and pay for your meal at a counter and carry it to a table. Cafeterias are often found in factories, colleges, hospitals, etc.93. cater v. 满足(需要) to provide food and drinks for a social event94. amateur n. 业余爱好者；业余运动员; 生手；外行 a person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job ; (usually disapproving) a person who is not skilled95. excursion n.远足a short journey made for pleasure, especially one that has been organized for a group of people96. commonwealth n.共和国，联邦an organization consisting of the United Kingdom and most of the countries that used to be part of the British Empire97. illiterate a.文盲不识字的not knowing how to read or write98. discipline n. 学科，纪律the practice of training people to obey rules and orders and punishing them if they do not; the controlled behavior or situation that results from thistraining ; an area of knowledge; a subject that people study or are taught, especially in a university99. terminology n.术语a system of words used to name things in a particular discipline100. faculty n.（高等院校的）系，院; 全体教师 a department or group of related departments in a college or university ; all the teachers of a particular university or college 101.dean n .教堂主任牧师；系主任;院长；教务长a senior official at a college or university102.curriculum n.1.(一个学校,专业,或学科的)全部课程;2.(取得毕业资格等的)必修课程the subjects that students study at a particular school or college103.syllabus n.教学大纲、课程大纲；课程提纲；课程纲要 a list of the topics, books, etc. that students should study in a particular subject at school or college104.calendar n.日历；历法；日程表；挂历a set of pages showing the days, weeks, and months of a particular year105. compulsory adj.强制的；义务的；强迫的；必修的something that is compulsory must bedone because of a rule or law106.recruit v.吸收（新成员）；征募（新兵）；组建to get someone to work in a company or join an organization; to get someone to join the military107.prestige n.声望；威望；威信the high reputation and respect that someone or something has earned, based on their impressive achievements, quality, etc.108.esteem n.尊重；敬重；好评 a feeling of admiration and respect for someone109.aptitude n.天赋；天资；天生的才能；资质；能力倾向natural ability that makes it easy for you to do something well110. matriculation n.录取入学；入学礼；(大学)入学考试the act or process of matriculating at a college or university111.vocation n.职业，使命；神召，天命the particular occupation for which you are trained 112.abbreviation n.省略，缩写，简化，缩写词a shortened form of a word or phrase113.scholarship n.奖学金；学术；学识financialaid provided to a student on the basis of academic merit114.tutorial n.个人辅导的；教程，辅导材料；使用说明书a session of intensive tuition given by a tutor to an individual or to a small number of studentsadj.家庭教师的；指导教师的；辅导的；监护人的of or relating to tutors or tutoring;115assignment n.分给，分配；任务，工作，（课外）作业a duty that you are assigned to perform (especially in the armed forces);116.dissertation n.专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research117.credential n.外交使节所递的国书，信任状；文凭a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts118.alumni n.（男）校友，（男）毕业生；校友( alumnus的名词复数)a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)119.overestimate v.对（数量）估计过高，对…作过高的评价；，对…估计过高make too high an estimate of120.caliber n.口径；能力；水准a degree or grade of excellence or worth雅思阅读分类词汇——环境类（40个）121. conservation n. 保存，保持；保护an occurrence of improvement by virtue of preventing loss or injury or other change122.acid n. 酸；<俚>迷幻药adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的being sour to the taste 123.carbon n. [化学] 碳；碳棒；复写纸an abundant nonmetallic tetravalent element occurring in three allotropic forms124.ozone n. [化学] 臭氧；新鲜的空气 a colorless gas (O3) soluble in alkalis and cold water125.radiation n. 辐射；发光；放射物energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles126.greenhouse n. 温室a building with glass walls and roof; for the cultivation andexhibition of plants under controlled conditions127.solar adj. 太阳的；日光的；利用太阳光的；与太阳相关的relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun 128.phenomenon n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才a remarkable development129.catastrophe n. 大灾难；大祸；惨败an event resulting in great loss and misfortune 130.deterioration n. 恶化；退化；堕落 a symptom of reduced quality or strength 131.extinction n. 消失；消灭；废止no longer in existence132.endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的；有生命危险的in imminent danger of extinction133.drought n. 干旱；缺乏 a shortage of rainfall134.recurrent adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的recurring again and again135.inundate vt. 淹没；泛滥；浸水；（洪水般的）扑来fill quickly beyond capacity; as with a liquid136.desertification n. （土壤）荒漠化；沙漠化 the gradual transformation of habitable land into desert; is usually caused by climate change or by destructive use of the land 137.barren adj. 贫瘠的；无益的；沉闷无趣的；空洞的providing no shelter or sustenance 138.attributable adj. 可归于…的；可归属的capable of being attributed139.deforestation n. 采伐森林；森林开伐the state of being clear of trees140.log vi. 伐木vt. 切；伐木；航行a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches141.vegetation n. 植物，植被all the plant life in a particular region or period142.habitat n. 栖息地the type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs143.ecosystem n. 生态系统a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment 144.demographic adj.人口统计的relating to or concerning demography145.counterbalance vt. 使平衡，弥补balance or correct it with something that has an equal but opposite effect146.mechanism n.机理，机制a special way of getting something done within a particular system147.precipitation n.陡降，降水rain, snow, or hail148.circulation n.流通，循环movement through a circuit149.meteorology n.气象(学)the earth science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere (especially weather)150.volcano n.火山 a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt 151.eruption n .喷发the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic materialtitude n. 纬度an imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator153.tropical adj.热带的；热情的；酷热的relating to or situated in or characteristic of the tropics (the region on either side of the equator)154.glacier n. 冰川a slowly moving mass of ice155.contaminate vt. 弄脏make radioactive byadding radioactive material156.irreversible adj.不可逆的incapable of being reversed157.reclaim vt..开垦改造bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one158.contentious adj.有争议的inclined or showing an inclination to dispute or disagree, even to engage in law suits159.opt vi.选择select as an alternative; choose instead; prefer as an alternative160.prioritize vt.优先考虑assign a priority to 雅思阅读分类词汇——科技类（20个）161.ubiquitous adj. 普遍存在的；无所不在的seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time162.versatile adj. (人)多才多艺的(of a person) able to do many different things（物）通用的(of food, a building, etc.) having many different uses163.transmute v. （使）变形；（使）变质to change, or make sth. change into sth. different 164.arduous adj. 艰苦的，艰难的involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time165.pitfall n. 陷阱，隐患，未预见的困难 a danger or difficulty, especially one that is hidden or not obvious at first166.inflammable adj. 易燃的that can burn easily167.opaque adj.不透明的，不透光的，浑浊的not clear enough to see through or allow light through168.browser n.浏览器a program that lets you look at or read documents on the Internet 169.hypertext n.超文本text stored in a computer system that contains links that allow the user to move from one piece of text or document to another170.envisage v.想象，设想，展望to imagine what will happen in the future171.patent v. 授予专利；取得…的专利权adj. 专利的n. 专利权；执照；专利品a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention172.chronological adj. 按年代顺序排列的；依时间前后排列而记载的relating to or arranged according to temporal order173.artificial adj. 人造的；仿造的；虚伪的；非原产地的；武断的contrived by art rather than nature174.infrastructure n. 基础设施；公共建设；下部构造the basic structure or features of a system or organization175.hydraulic adj. 液压的；水力的；水力学的moved or operated or effected by liquid (water or oil)176.ventilation n. 通风设备；空气流通the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air; a mechanical system in a building that provides fresh air177.asymmetry n. 不对称 a lack of symmetry 178.bilateral adj. 双边的；有两边的having identical parts on each side of an axis179.paradoxical adj. 矛盾的；诡论的；似非而是的seemingly contradictory but nonetheless possibly true180.empirical adj. 经验主义的，完全根据经验的；实证的derived from experiment and observation rather than theory雅思阅读分类词汇——心理类（20个）181.physiology n.生理学the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms182.psychiatry n.精神病学the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders183.perception n.感知，认知，感觉，理解becoming aware of something via the senses 184.intuition n. 知觉，直觉instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)185.incentive n.动机；刺激；诱因；鼓励a positive motivational influence186.stimulus n.刺激any stimulating information or event; acts to arouse action 187.trauma n.创伤any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.；an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects188.insomnia n.失眠症an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness189.workaholic n.工作狂person with a compulsive need to work190.paranoid adj.属于偏执狂的；患妄想狂的；过分猜疑的suffering from paranoian.偏执狂患者；妄想症患者 a person afflicted with paranoia191.symptom n.症状(medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease192.diagnosis n.诊断identifying the nature or cause of some phenomenon193.assertive adj. 武断的，独断的；断言的，肯定的；刚毅坚定而自信的inclined to bold and confident assertion; aggressively self-assured194.therapy n.治疗，疗法，疗效；心理治疗；治疗力(medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.)195.hypnotism n.催眠术the act of inducing hypnosis196.prescribe v.开药方issue commands or orders for197.tranquilizer n.镇静药,止痛药, 增稳装置a drug used to reduce stress or tension without reducing mental clarity198.adolescence n.青春期,青年期the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood199.superstition n.迷信,迷信行为；an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear200.innate adj.天赋的, 天生的；特有的，固有的；内在的，直觉的not established by conditioning or learning;。