过程装备与控制工程专业英语重点

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过程装备与控制工程专业英语

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The design of chemical reactors is probably the one activity which is unique to chemical engineering, and it is probably this function more than anything else which justifies the existence of chemical engineering as a distinct branch of engineering.
Physical treatment Steps
Produces

Recycle
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The raw materials undergo a number of physical treatment steps to put them in the form in which they can be reacted chemically. They then pass through the reactor.The products of the reaction must then undergo further physical treatment- separations, purifications, etc. - for the final desired product to be obtained. 原料进行了一些物理处理的步骤，使它们能够发生化学反应。然后让他们通过反应器。产物要经历进一步的物理处理——分离，净化提纯等等，以获得期望的最终产品。
只有……才有的化学反应器的设计也许是一种只有化学工程领域才涉及的工作。并且可能正是因为这种功能才奠定了化学工程作为工程领域的一个特殊分支而存在的合理性

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

######Manufacturing Engineering Processes1.Classification of Manufacturing ProcessesThe following table shows the classification of manufacturing engineering processes used in shaping materials. Note that only typical examples are mentioned in the table.2.Examples of Manufacturing ProcessesForging .Forging can be characterized as: mass conserving, solid state of work material (metal), mechanical primary basic process-plastic deformation. A wide variety of forging processes is used .The most common type of forging is drop forging .The metal is heated to a suitable working temperature and placed in the lower die cavity .The upper die is then lower so that the metal is forced to fill the cavity. Excess material is squeezed out between the die faces at the periphery as flash, which is removed in a later trimming process. When the term gorging is used, it usually means hot gorging. The material loss in forging processes is usually quite small. Normally, forged components require some subsequent machining, since thetolerances and surfaces obtainable are not usually satisfactory a finished product. Forging machines include drop hammers and forging presses with mechanical or hydraulic drives. Es involve simple .The machines involve simple translatory motions.Rolling Rolling can be characterized as: mass conserving, solid state of material, mechanical primary basic process-plastic deformation. Rolling is extensively used in the manufacturing of plates, sheets, structural beams, and so on. An ingot is produced in casting, and then, in several stages of rolling it is reduced in thickness, usually while hot. Since the width of the work material is kept constant, its length is increased according to the reduction. After the last hot-rolling stage, a final stage is carried out cold to improve surface quality and tolerances and to increase strength. In rolling, the profiles of the rolls designed to produce the desired geometry.Powder Compaction Powder compaction can be characterized as; mass conserving, granular state of material, mechanical primary basic process-flow and plastic deformation. In this context, only compaction of metal powder is mentioned, but generally compaction of molding sand, ceramic materials, and so on, also belong in this category.In the compaction of metal powders, the die cavity is filled with a measured volume of powder and compacted at pressures typically around 500N/mm2. During this pressing phase, the particles are packed together and plastically deformed. Typical densities after compaction are 80% of the density of the solid material. Because of the plastic deformation, the particles are”welded” together, giving sufficient strength to withstand handling. After compaction, the components are heat-treated—sintered—normally at 70%~80% of the melting temperature of the material. The atmosphere for sintering must be controlled to prevent oxidation. The duration of the sintering process varies between 30 min and 2h. The strength of the components after sintering can, depend on the material and the process parameters closely approach the strength of corresponding solid material.The die cavity, in the closed position, corresponds to the desired geometry. Compaction machinery includes both mechanical and hydraulic presses. The production rates vary between 6 and 100 components per minute.加工工艺过程1.加工工艺过程的分类2.锻造工艺过程分类锻造锻造过程的特性可表述如下，质量守恒，工作材料为固态，力学基本过程为塑性变形过程。

过程装备与控制工程英语

过程装备与控制工程英语1.过程装备(Process equipment)The process equipment in the factory is responsible for manufacturing products efficiently.2.控制工程(Control engineering)Control engineering plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability and reliability of industrial processes.3.设备(Equipment)The factory invested in state-of-the-art equipment to improve production efficiency.4.流程(Process)The production process includes multiple stages, each with its own specific requirements.5.控制(Control)The control system allows operators to monitor and adjust various parameters for optimal performance.6.自动化(Automation)Automation has greatly improved efficiency in manufacturing processes.7.传感器(Sensor)Sensors are used to collect real-time data and provide feedback for control purposes.8.测量(Measurement)Accurate measurement of process variables is crucial for maintaining quality standards.9.监控(Monitoring)Continuous monitoring of process parameters is essential for early detection of issues.10.仪表(Instrumentation)Instrumentation plays a vital role in collecting and displaying data from various sensors in a process.11.采样(Sampling)Regular sampling of raw materials ensures their quality meets the required standards.12.环境监测(Environmental monitoring)Efficient control engineering systems enable real-time environmental monitoring.13.压力(Pressure)The pressure in the system is carefully controlled to ensure stable operation.14.温度(Temperature)Temperature control is crucial for maintaining the desired chemical reaction rate.15.流量(Flow rate)Monitoring and controlling the flow rate of liquid or gas is important for process efficiency.16.液位(Liquid level)Accurate measurement of liquid level ensures proper functioning of the process.17.控制阀(Control valve)Control valves regulate the flow rate or pressure offluid in a process.18. PLC (Programmable Logic Controller)PLCs are widely used in control engineering to automate and monitor industrial processes.19.数据采集(Data acquisition)Data acquisition systems collect and record data from various sensors for analysis.20.仪器仪表校准(Instrument calibration)Regular instrument calibration ensures accurate measurement and control.21.故障诊断(Fault diagnosis)Advanced control engineering systems can detect and diagnose faults in real-time.22.实时控制(Real-time control)Real-time control engineering allows for immediate adjustments to process conditions.23.可靠性(Reliability)Reliability is a key factor in choosing process equipment and control systems.24.自适应控制(Adaptive control)Adaptive control algorithms constantly adjust process parameters to optimize performance.25.能源管理(Energy management)Efficient control engineering strategies can help optimize energy consumption in industrial processes.。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语词汇.

abrasiveness 研磨；腐蚀absolute 绝对的accumulate 堆积；积累acid 酸；酸性的，酸味的actuator 执行机构adjust 调整；调节agitation 搅拌air preheater 空气预热器air register 空气调节器airflow 气流alkali 碱allowance 公差，容差，容许量alloy 合金alternating current 交流电angle 角度，角apparatus 装置，仪器，仪表application 应用artificial 人造的；仿造的assembly 装配atmospheric 大气的，大气层的austenite 奥氏体automation 自动化，自动操作auxiliary 辅助设备，附属机构backflow 回流baffle 挡板；折流板；隔板batch 一批，批量bearing 轴承bellow 波纹管belt 带；腰带；地带blade 叶片blower 鼓风机boiler 锅炉bolt 螺栓bonnet 阀盖，阀帽，机罩box furnace 箱式炉brittle 易碎的，脆弱的burner 燃烧器bushing 轴衬；套管butterfly valve 蝶阀capacity 容积carbon steel 碳钢，碳素钢casing 机壳cast 浇铸catalyst 催化剂category 分类，种类cavity 腔；洞，凹处centrifugal force 离心力chamber 腔，室，船舱check valve 止回阀checklist 检查表，清单classify 分类；分等clockwise 顺时针方向的- 1 -coating 涂层，覆盖层coefficient 系数coil 盘管，线圈coking 结焦，焦化column 圆柱，柱形物combination 结合combustion 燃烧，氧化component 成分；组件；零件composition 组成，成分compressor 压缩机concentration 浓度concentric 同轴的，同心的condense 浓缩；凝结condenser 冷凝器；凝汽器conduction 传导cone roof 锥形顶constant 常量，常数contract 缩小，收缩contrast 对比，形成对照controller 控制器convection 对流convert 使转变；转换。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译1

过程装备与控制工程专业英语本文为过程装备与控制工程专业英语的个人翻译尝试。

By LiyerPART 1 engineering mechanicUnit 1 introduction to mechanicof materials材料力学是应用力学的分支，用于解决固体遭受外部多种载荷产生的力学行为。

对这个课题领域的另外的称呼有材料强度与固体变形的力学。

本章节提及固体包括经受轴向载荷的杆、扭转的轴、弯曲的梁和被压缩的圆柱。

材料力学研究的主要目标是在外部载荷加载的时候确定结构的应力、压力和应变以及固体微元的具体变化。

如果能够得到物体从受载到失效的所有与载荷对应的这些物理量，我们就对物体的力学性能有了一个全面的了解。

对力学行为的理解对于各种类型结构的安全设计是十分必要的，不管是飞机和天线、建筑和桥梁、机器和发动机、或者是船和飞行器。

这就是材料力学在这么多工程领域里都属于基础学科的原因。

静力学和动力学也是基本的，但是这些学科主要解决与粒子和刚体相关的力和运动问题。

在材料力学中，我们可以通过检测一个在有限维度内受力变形的实物的应力和应变来进一步学习。

而为了确定应力和应变，我们一般使用材料的物理性质以及一些理论公式和概念。

理论分析和实验结果在材料力学中也扮演着重要的角色。

我们从理论中为预测力学状态导出了准则和公式，但这些表达方式不能被用于实际的设计中，除非材料的物性已知。

只有通过在实验室细心的实验测试，我们方能得到材料的物性。

而且，并不是所有实际问题都能通过理论分析来解决，在这种情况下，物性试验就是必要的了。

材料力学的发展是理论和实验的有趣的结合-理论有时候指明了可以得到重大进展的路，有时候实验也做到这一点。

一些著名的科学家，如Leonardo da Vinci和Galileo Galilei通过实验确定绳索、杆和梁等的强度，尽管从今天的观点，他们没有得出详尽的理论体系来解释他们的实验结果。

相反的，著名的数学家Leonhard Euler在1744年得出了圆柱体的数学理论并且计算了圆柱体的临界载荷，远早于任何能够证明他的结果重要性的实验证据出现。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语重点

《过程装备与控制工程专业英语》考试范围——made by REN09过控Unit 1 General Equilibrium Conditions of A System词汇：1、internal force 内力2、external force 外力3、equilibrium 平衡4、sufficient condition 充分条件5、necessary condition 必要条件虽然我们不能对其进行详细的讨论，以上结论适用于一个由任意外力作用的任何数量的质点所组成的系统，假设系统内力符合牛顿第三定律。

特别是，这些结果也适用于有限尺寸的物体，因为这样的物体可认为是有大量微体和质点组成的。

方程1.1是平衡的必要条件；也就是说，如果系统处于平衡，必须满足这些方程式。

通常情况下他们并不是平衡的充分条件；满足这些方程不一定保证系统将处于平衡。

然而，这并不会带来任何困难，以内我们只处理处于平衡的系统。

对于刚体，方程1.1既是必要条件又是充分条件。

检验它的充分性需要用到牛顿第二定律和其他超出本课文水平的知识。

Unit 9 internal structure of steel词汇1、internal structure of steel 钢材的内部就够2、alloy 合金3、fracture 断裂，断口4、grind 研磨，抛光5、polish 研磨，抛光，精加工钢是我们最重要的工程和建筑材料；它大概占所有金属制品的80%。

由于它具有强度高，容易制造成多种形状，特性广泛并且成本低。

我们生产从相当柔软的带钢到硬质工具钢等各种用途的钢的能力，很多情况下取决于对给定的以加工成型或未成形钢的热处理。

在研究钢材和其他黑色金属合金材料的热处理之前，先简要的地考察一下钢材的内部结构将是有益的。

一块钢材的表面情况并不能给出该刚才内部结构情况的任何迹象，但是如果一块金属被破坏，则断口将呈现出颗粒状的表面。

Unit 13 principles of heat transfer词汇1、The mechanisms by which the heat may flow are three ：conduction（热传导）、convection（热对流）、radiation（热辐射）2、natural convection 自然对流3、forced convection 强制对流4、electromagnetic wave 电磁波5、enthalpy 焓Unit 14单元操作有：fluid flow 流体流动，heat transfer 传热，evaporation 蒸发，drying 烘干，distillation 蒸馏，absorption 吸收，crystallization 结晶，mechanical physical separation 机械物理分离，membrane separation 膜分离，liquid-liquid separationUnit 15 chemical reaction engineering1、chemical reaction engineering 化学反应工程2、chemical kinetics 化学动力学3、fluid dynamics 流体力学4、materials mechanics 材料力学5、heat transfer 热转换6、thermal dynamics 热力学反应器的设计用到信息，知识，以及不同领域的经验——热力学、化学动力学、流体力学、传热、传质和经济学，化学反应工程是综合所有因素，其目的是正确设计一个化学反应器。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语教学设计

过程装备与控制工程专业英语教学设计一、教学内容概要1.1 课程名称：过程装备与控制工程专业英语1.2 课程学分： 2 学分1.3 课程类型：专业课1.4 授课对象：过程装备与控制工程专业大三学生1.5 教学目的：•掌握过程装备与控制工程领域的专业知识•熟悉过程装备与控制工程常用英语术语•提高学生跨文化交流和合作的能力和素养二、教学大纲2.1 教学内容1.过程装备与控制工程概述2.过程装备和控制器件的基本原理3.测量和控制信号处理4.控制循环调节5.控制策略和算法6.过程装备和控制网络2.2 教学方式本课程采用以学生为中心的教学方式，我们将结合案例、小组讨论等形式进行教学，充分发挥学生的自主性、讨论性和多元化的特点。

2.3 教学方法1.前置知识出发：启发式教学法，通过提问、解决问题的方式来引导学生思考2.案例教学：生动、形象、详细地介绍实际工程中常见的问题和解决方案3.多种交互形式教学：小组讨论、课堂演示、互动教学等方式4.学生评价：期中和期末测试、讨论小组报告和问题解决报告等方式三、教学重点和难点3.1 教学重点1.熟悉过程装备和控制器件的基本原理和应用2.掌握过程装备与控制工程领域常用英语术语3.掌握过程装备和控制网络的基本原理及应用3.2 教学难点1.如何完成过程装备和控制网络的设计、开发和维护2.如何运用专业英语术语描述过程装备和控制问题四、教学资源和评估方式4.1 教学资源本课程需要的教学资源包括：宣传材料、课程教材、课程设计案例、多媒体课件、实例数据和研究论文等。

4.2 评估方式•期中测试•课堂参与和作业完成情况•讨论小组报告和问题解决报告•期末测试五、结语本课程主要教授过程装备与控制工程专业的英语知识，以为学生在未来的工作中提供语言支持。

教学内容丰富，教学方式多样，着重提高学生的创造性、应用能力和团队合作精神。

同时，我们将通过多种评估方法，为学生提供全面、科学、公正的综合评价。

过程装备与控制系统工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语学院：化学化工学院1.Static Analysis of Beams⑴ A bar that is subjected to forces acting trasverse to its axis is called a beam. Inthis section we consider only a few of the simplest types of beams, such as those shown in Flag.1.2. In every instance it is assumed that the beam has a plane of symmetry that is parallel to the plane of the figure itself. Thus，the cross section of the beam has a vertical axis of symmetry .Also,it is assumed that the applied loads act in the plane of symmetry ,and hence bending of the beam occurs in that plane. Later we will consider a more general kind of bending in which the beam may have an unsymmetrical cross section.⑵The beam in Fig.1.2, with a pin support at one end and a roller support at theother, is called a simply support beam ,or a simple beam. The essential feature of a simple beam is that both ends of the beam may rotate freely during bending, but the cannot translate in lateral direction. Also ,one end of the beam can move freely in the axial direction (that is, horizontal). The supports ofa simple beam may sustain vertical reactions acting either upward or downward .⑶ The beam in Flg.1.2(b) which is built-in or fixed at one end and free at the otherend, is called a cantilever beam. At the fixed support the beam can neither rotate nor translate, while at the free end it may do both. The third example in the figure shows a beam with an overhang. This beam is simply supported at A and B and has a free at C.⑷ Loads on a beam may be concentrated forces, such as P1 and P2 in Fig.1.2(a)and (c), or distributed loads loads, such as the the load q in Fig.1.2(b), the intesity. Distributed along the axis of the beam. For a uniformly distributed load, illustrated in Fig.1.2(b),the intensity is constant; a varying load, on the other hand, is one in which the intensity varies as a function of distance along the axis of the beam.⑸ The beams shown in Fig.1.2 are statically determinate because all theirreactions can be determined from equations of static equilibrium. For instance ,in the case of the simple beam supporting the load P 1 [Fig.1.2(a)], both reactions are vertical, and tehir magnitudes can be found by summing moments about the ends; thus,we findL a L P R A )(1-= LL P R B 1= The reactions for the beam with an overhang [Fig.1.2 (c)]can be found the same manner.⑹ For the cantilever beam[Fig.1.2(b)], the action of the applied load q isequilibrated by a vertical force RA and a couple MA acting at the fixed support, as shown in the figure. From a summation of forces in certical direction , we include thatqb R A =， And ,from a summation of moments about point A, we find)2(b a qb M A +=， The reactive moment MA acts counterclockwise as shown in the figure.⑺ The preceding examples illustrate how the reactions(forces and moments) ofstatically determinate beams requires a considerition of the bending of the beams , and hence this subject will be postponed.⑻ The idealized support conditions shown in Fig.1.2 are encountered onlyoccasionally in practice. As an example ,long-span beams in bridges sometimes are constructionn with pin and roller supports at the ends. However, in beams of shorter span ,there is usually some restraint against horizonal movement of the supports. Under most conditions this restraint has little effect on the action of the beam and can be neglected. However, if the beam is very flexible, and if the horizonal restraints at the ends are very rigid , it may be necessary to consider their effects.⑼ Example Find the reactions at the supports for a simple beam loaded asshown in fig.1.3(a ). Neglect the weight of the beam.⑽ Solution The loading of the beam is already given in diagrammatic form. Thenature of the supports is examined next and the unknow components ofreactions are boldly indicated on the diagram. The beam , with the unknow reaction components and all the applied forces, is redrawn in Fig.1.3(b) to deliberately emphasiz this important step in constructing a free-body diagram.At A, two unknow reaction components may exist , since roller. The points of application of all forces are carefully noted. After a free-body diagram of the beam is made, the equations of statics are applied to abtain the sollution.∑=0F，R Ax=0x∑+M，2000+100（10）+160（15）—R B=0，R B=+2700lb↑=0A∑+M,RAY(20)+2000—100（10）—160（5）=0，RAY=—10lb↓=0BCheck：∑+↑FX，—10—100—160+270=0=0⑾Note that ∑=0F uses up one of the three independent equations of statics,xthus only two additional reaction compones may be determinated from statics.If more unknow reaction components or moment exist at the support, the problem becomes statically indeterminate.⑿Note that the concentrated moment applied at C enters only the expressions for summation moments. The positive sign of RB indicates that the direction of RB has been correctly assumed in Fig.1.3(b). The inverse is the case of RAY ,and the vertical reaction at a is downward. Noted that a check on the arithmetical work is available if the caculations are made as shown.横梁的静态分析⑴一条绕其轴水平放置的棒就是所谓的横梁，本章节我们将研究最简单的横梁模型形式，如图1.2所示。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语工大整理版

Unit 4 回转壳体的薄膜应力回转壳体是由一条直线或曲线绕一根旋转形成的（一个回转实体是由一个面绕一根轴旋转而成的）。

大多数过程容器是由回转壳体组成的：圆柱形和圆锥形部件；半球形，椭圆形和准球形的封头；图.1.13。

薄的容器壁被称为“薄膜”；承受载荷不引起严重的弯曲和过大的剪切应力；就象气球的外壁一样。

对受内压回转壳的薄膜应力分析为确定容器壳体最小壁厚奠定了基础。

实际的厚度要求同样取决于容器所承受的载荷所产生的应力。

假设大致形状如图1.14的回转壳体在载荷作用下做对称的旋转；在壳体单位面积上所受的载荷（压力）在周向方向是一致的，但是从顶部到底部并不是一模一样的。

让P=压力t = 壳体的厚度σ= 经向应力（纵向应力），应力沿着经线作用，1σ= 周向或者切向应力，应力沿着平行的圆环作用（通常叫做环向应力），2r= 经向曲率半径，1r= 环向曲率半径。

2注意：容器有双曲率；r1 和r2的值是由形状决定的。

假设作用在单元上的力通过点a，b，c，d来定义。

那么在单元上的应力的法向分量（分力作用在和表面有特定角度的方向）：这个力被其它力的法向分量抵消与容器壁上的薄膜应力相关联（给出，力=应力×面积）：将上面等式左右连接并且简化，取极限方法令dθ/2→dS/2r，sindθ→dθ，给出：σ可通过作用在周向沿线的力的平衡获得：图1.14。

压力垂直分量：经向应力1这是一种通过力的垂直分量建立的平衡，取决于作用在压力容器外壁圆周上的经向应力：连接这些力得出：（1.13）公式（1.12）和（1.13）完全适用于任何回转壳体。

圆柱体（图1.15a）圆柱是由平行于回转轴的一条线旋转而得，所以：D是圆柱的直径。

带入公式（1.12）（1.13）得：球体（图1.15b）因此：圆锥体：圆锥体是由和轴有一定角度α的直线旋转而成。

带入公式（1.12）和（1.13）得：D/2 。

最大值将会发生在r =2Unit 5 机械振动机械振动是一个质点或物体以一个平衡位置为中心做往复周期的振荡运动。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

Unit 14化学工程的单元操作1.介绍化学加工可以包含各种各样的不同的过程顺序，它的原理是独立于我们的操作的材料和操作的系统，把复杂的工艺过程分解成单个的物理过程（即单元操作）和多种化学反应过程的实践，导致了化学工程的通用性。

单元操作的观念在化学工程是基于不同的过程步骤可以减少简单操作或反应，而这些反应在不考虑操作条件下有同样的基本反应。

这个原则，在美国化学工业的发展过程中变得明显，在1915年早些首次变得明显。

任何一个化学过程，无论所操作规模大小，可以被分解成单元作用的同等的一些系列，像粉碎，混合，加热，烘干，吸取，浓缩，析出，沉淀，结晶，过滤，溶解，电解等等。

基本单元操作的数量不是很大而且只有很少几个包含特定的操作，化学工程的复杂性源于各种条件如温度，压力等的多样性。

由于条件的变化，单元作用就必须在不同的过程中完成。

同时化学工程的复杂性还受到由反应物的物理及化学性质所决定的结构材料和设备设计的影响。

单元操作的开始清单列举了十二个功能，不是所有的都包含单元操作。

再增加的都会命名，在那些年处于适中的比率但是最近在一个加速的比率。

流体流动，热传递，蒸馏，加湿，气体吸收，沉积，分类，搅拌，和离心过滤已经被公认。

最近几年，新技术逐渐被理解，比较适用于过去但很少使用分离技术这导致了分离，处理，操作或者是介入制造的数量上的持续增长，这些可用于没有重大改变的各种进程。

这是根据一个术语”单元操作”，现在为我们提供了、一系列的技术合作。

2.单元操作的分类流体流动这涉及的原则，确定流动或运输任何流体从一个点到另一个点。

传热这个单元操作处理的原则是，积累和转让的热量和能量从一个地方到另一个地方。

蒸发这是一个特殊的情况下传热，其中涉及蒸发的挥发性溶剂，如水从一个非易失性溶质如盐或其它材料在解决方案烘干在这个操作中挥发液体，通常是水，从固体材料中挥发出去。

蒸馏这是一个过程即液态混合物的分离通过沸腾，因为它们的蒸汽压不同。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

第四单元Membrane Stresses薄膜应力Shells of Revolution回转壳体Curve曲线 Axis轴线Process vessels过程容器 Cylinder cylindrical 圆柱,圆柱的Cone conical圆锥 ,圆锥的Hemispherical sphere半球形的,球形 Ellipsoidal椭圆形的 T orispherical准球形的（碟形的）Bending stresses弯曲应力 Shear stresses剪切应力 Internal pressure内压Arising from…由什么引起Be subjected to…承受…Symmetric对称的Circumference周向的 Meridional stress经向应力 Circumferential stress周向应力T angential stress切向应力 Radius of curvature曲率半径 Normal component法向分量Diameter直径 An angle αto the axis与轴夹角α段落： 22页2，3段第五单元mechanical vibration机械振动 periodically repeated motion交替重复的运动 wear磨损bear轴承 fatigue疲劳 precision instrument精密仪表 propeller螺旋桨threshing machine脱粒机 spring弹簧 shaft轴 beam梁 cantilever beam悬臂梁cycle循环 frequency频率 amplitude振幅 displacement位移 elastic force弹性力free vibration自由振动 natural frequency自然频率 forced vibration受迫振动exciting force激振力 damped vibration阻尼振动 undamped vibration非阻尼振动degree of freedom自由度 coordinate坐标重点段落：图1.20下面的第一段:"Mechanical vibrations ...for many purposes."第六单元金属合金 metal alloy 结晶的crystalline 晶格crystal-lattice 原子atom 离子ions锻造金属wroung metal 铸造金属cast metal 导热体conductor of heat导电体conductor of electricity 塑性的plastic 黑色金属ferrous metal 铸铁cast iron有色金属nonferrous metal 碳钢carbon steel 铜合金copper alloy 钛trtanium熔点melting point第七单元原材料 the virgin/starting material 韧性ductility 脆性brittleness 断裂fracture硬化hardening 导热性 thermal conduction 润滑(n,v）lubrication ,lubricateThe final strength of any material used in an engineering component depends on its mechanical and physical properties after it has been subjected to one or more different manufacturing processes. 用于工程构件的任何一种材料的最终强度取决于这种材料在经历了一种或多种不同加工过程之后的机械与物理性质。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语 1-13

tensile strength抗拉强度
tensile test拉力（抗拉）试验
Lesson 1
universal testing machine万能试验机 specimen样本（品），试样（件） cross section横截面 gauge length标距长度 elongation拉伸，延长；延伸率 elastic range弹性范围 yield point屈服点 elastic limit弹性极限 yield strength屈服强度
硬度是一个很重要的特性，这是因为制造在很大程度上取决于它。硬度是由材料提供的对压痕的抵抗能力。一般来说，用于测量材料硬度的压痕试验有好几种。这些试验通常包含一个由硬度更大的材料制成的球、圆锥或棱锥，这个球、圆锥或棱锥在规定载荷的作用下压入试验材料，通过测量由此形成的永久性压痕可以得到给定试验条件下的硬度值。
The deformation caused in a material is of two types, elastic and plastic. Elastic deformation is that part of the deformed material which when the applied load is removed, would spring back to its normal shape. Plastic deformation is on the other hand, permanently set in a material and cannot be regained.
L 5.65 d
抗拉强度是由在万能试验机上进行的拉力试验
测得的，这个试验涉及到试件的制备，其规格如

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语Unit 13 Principles of Heat TransferPractically all the operations that are carried out by the chemical engineer involve the production or absorption of energy in the form of heat. The laws governing the transfer of heat and the types of apparatus that have for their main object the control of heat flow are therefore of great importance.实际上，所有的由化学工程师进行的操作都要涉及热量的产生和吸收。

因此，控制传热的定律和以控制热流为主要目的的仪器类型都是很重要的。

1. Nature of Heat FlowWhen two objects at different temperatures are brought into thermal contact, heat flows from the object at the higher temperature to that at the lower temperature. The net flow is always in the direction of the temperature decrease. The mechanisms by which the heat may flow are three, conduction, convection, and radiation. 当两种不同温度的物体开始接触后，热流就会从高温物体传给低温物体。

净热流总是随着温度降低的方向。

传热的机理通常分三种:热传导，热对流，热辐射。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语词汇

abrasiveness 研磨；腐蚀absolute 绝对的accumulate 堆积；积累acid 酸；酸性的，酸味的actuator 执行机构adjust 调整；调节agitation 搅拌air preheater 空气预热器air register 空气调节器airflow 气流alkali 碱allowance 公差，容差，容许量alloy 合金alternating current 交流电angle 角度，角apparatus 装置，仪器，仪表application 应用artificial 人造的；仿造的assembly 装配atmospheric 大气的，大气层的austenite 奥氏体automation 自动化，自动操作auxiliary 辅助设备，附属机构backflow 回流baffle 挡板；折流板；隔板batch 一批，批量bearing 轴承bellow 波纹管belt 带；腰带；地带blade 叶片blower 鼓风机boiler 锅炉bolt 螺栓bonnet 阀盖，阀帽，机罩box furnace 箱式炉brittle 易碎的，脆弱的burner 燃烧器bushing 轴衬；套管butterfly valve 蝶阀capacity 容积carbon steel 碳钢，碳素钢casing 机壳cast 浇铸catalyst 催化剂category 分类，种类cavity 腔；洞，凹处centrifugal force 离心力chamber 腔，室，船舱check valve 止回阀checklist 检查表，清单classify 分类；分等clockwise 顺时针方向的文档大全coating 涂层，覆盖层coefficient 系数coil 盘管，线圈coking 结焦，焦化column 圆柱，柱形物combination 结合combustion 燃烧，氧化component 成分；组件；零件composition 组成，成分compressor 压缩机concentration 浓度concentric 同轴的，同心的condense 浓缩；凝结condenser 冷凝器；凝汽器conduction 传导cone roof 锥形顶constant 常量，常数contract 缩小，收缩contrast 对比，形成对照controller 控制器convection 对流convert 使转变；转换。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语基础词汇

一．有用词汇及短语1.radial stress 径向应力2.longitudinal stress 经向应力3.circumferential stress 环向应力4.subscript 脚注，下标5.ultimate strength 强度极限6.rupture 破裂，断裂7.postulate v. 假设，主张8.specimen n. 标本，样本9.membrane stress 薄膜应力 membrane separation 膜分离10.shells of revolution 回转壳11.conical adj. 圆锥形的12.cylinderical adj. 圆柱的，筒形的13.hemispherical adj. 半球形的14.ellipsoidal adj. 椭圆形的15.torispherical adj. 准球形的16.boundary conditions 边界条件17.high-oder term 高阶的项18.displacement 位移19.reciprocal 倒数20.amplitude 振幅21.free vibration 自由振动22.forced vibration 受迫振动23.dissipative elements 耗散因素24.coordinate 坐标25.crankshaft 曲轴26.bearing 轴承27.toughness 韧性28.stiffness 刚度29.as-cast adj.铸造的 n.毛坯铸件30.ingot 钢锭，铸块31.solder 钎焊、锡焊、银焊等低温焊接32.braze 硬钎焊33.weld 焊接，熔焊34.plain carbon steel 普通碳素钢mild steel 低碳钢35.low-alloy steel 低合金钢36.generic term 通用术语37.quench 淬火38.temper 回火39.ductility 韧性，延展性40.brittle adj.脆性的 brittleness n.脆性41.granular adj.颗粒的，粒状的 grain n.颗粒，晶粒42.magnifying glass 放大镜 microscope 显微镜43.magnification 放大，放大倍数 magnify v.放大44.reagent 试剂reactant 反应物，反应剂 resultant 生成物；合力45.ferrite 铁素体46.body-centered cubic adj.体心立方的 body-centered cube 体心立方face-centered cubic adj.面心立方的 face-centered cube 面心立方47.allotropy n. 同素异构 allotrope n.同素异构体mpblack 炭黑 graphite 石墨49.corrodent 腐蚀剂50.corrosion-resistant 耐腐蚀的 impact resistance 抗冲击性能51.inhibitor 缓蚀剂52.stable compound 稳定化合物53.contamination of products 产品污染54.depletion 消耗，耗尽55.concentration 浓度 concentration gradient 浓度梯度56.impurity 杂质57.alkaline adj.碱性的，碱的58.chlorine 氯59.film 膜 passive film 钝化膜60.ion 离子61.volatile 易挥发的 nonvolatile 难挥发的62.solvent 溶剂 solution 溶液，解solute 溶质63.crevice corrosion 缝隙腐蚀 pitting 点蚀64.passivate v.钝化65.cybernetics 控制论 kinematics 运动学66.engage in 从事67.forge ahead 前进，发展bustion 氧化，燃烧69.artificial intelligence 人工智能70.differential equation 微分方程 solution 解71.scalar 标量 vector 矢量72.mass/heat/momentum transport 传质/热/动量传递73.humidifier 增湿器 dry 干燥器fractionater 分馏器 absorber 吸收器74.pollutant 污染物75.pilot-plant 中试装置，试验工厂76.homogeneous 均相的，均匀的77.coefficient 系数 heat-transfer ～传热系数78.tubular 管状的79.apparatus 设备，仪器80.conduction 传导 convection 对流 radiation 辐射81.furnace 火炉，熔炉82.enthalpy 焓，热焓83.flux 通量84.monatomic 单原子的，单质的 diatomic 双原子的，二元的85.sedimentation 沉淀，沉降86.precipitate vt.使沉淀 vi.沉淀 n.沉淀物87.setting 沉降，沉淀88.more often than not 往往，通常89.endothermic 吸热的90.exothermic 放热的91.。

过程装备与控制工程专业外语(原文+翻译)

Unit 21Pumps1. IntroductionPump, device used to raise, transfer, or compress liquids and gases. Four' general classes of pumps for liquids are described below t In all of them , steps are taken to prevent cavitation (the formation of a vacuull1), which would reduce the flow and damage the structure of the pump, - pumps used for gases and vapors are usually known as compressors . The study of fluids in motion is called fluid dynamics.1．介绍泵是提出，转移或压缩液体和气体的设备。

下面介绍四种类型的泵。

在所有的这些中，我们一步步采取措施防止气蚀，气蚀将减少流量并且破坏泵的结构。

用来处理气体和蒸汽的泵称为压缩机，研究流体的运动的科学成为流体动力学。

Water Pump, device lor moving water from one location to another, using tubes or other machinery. Water pumps operate under pressures ranging from a fraction of a pound to more than 10,000 pounds per square inch. Everyday examples of water pumps range from small electric pumps that circulate and aerate water in aquariums and fountains to sump pumps that remove 'Water from beneath the foundations of homes.水泵是用管子或其他机械把水从一个地方传到另一个地方。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译重点文章

Unit 5 Mechanical VibrationsA mechanical vibration is an oscillatory，periodically repeated motion of a particle or body about a position of equilibrium .An engineer is frequently confronted with the problem of machinery and structures.机械振动是质点或物体在其平衡位置附近所作的震荡的，周期性的往复运动。

工程师经常面临机械振动的问题，因为在某种程度上他们在几乎所有的机械和结构中遇到过这些问题Most vibrations are undesirable in machines and structures because they produce excessive stresses or repeated stresses;大多数的震动在机械和结构中是不希望存在的，因为震动会产生附加应力或者交变应力。

cause added wear;increase bearing loads; induce fatigue;create acute passenger discomfort in planes，ships，trains，buses，and automobiles;and absorb energy that could otherwise do useful work.引起额外磨损，增大轴承载荷，导致疲劳破坏，使飞机、船、火车及汽车上的乘客产生严重的不舒服感，并且振动会吸收本可以做有用功的能量。

The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940 is an example of structural failure due to excessive stresses produced by vibrations.The accuracy of precision instruments，tools，and machines may be impaired by excessive vibrations.1940年（发生的）塔克马窄桥的垮塌事件就是一个因为震动产生的附加应力导致结构失效的例子。

过程装备与控制工程专业英语重点

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语词汇.

过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译1

过程装备与控制工程专业英语重点

过程装备与控制工程专业英语教学设计

过程装备与控制系统工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语工大整理版

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语 1-13

过程装备与控制工程专业英语

过程装备与控制工程专业英语词汇

过程装备与控制工程专业英语基础词汇

过程装备与控制工程专业外语(原文+翻译)

过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译 重点文章

过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译重点文章