英语专业八级考试模拟试题

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专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷364(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷364(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs. OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are “wanting” beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages. Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions. After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends. Next, the level of esteem needs. What areesteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition. What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming “the best there is”in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being “great” or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual. Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the “needs ladder.”In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role. OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______ Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one wayto【T3】______these needs.【T3】______ 【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______ b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______The former means no 【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______ b)a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships at workplace: b)formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______ Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways torealize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______ Features of the hierarchy of needs:a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively【T13】______needs.【T13】______b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______into play.1．【T1】正确答案：importance解析：跟据马斯洛的理论，人类的需要是按照他们重要性的顺序来分类的，原文中此处的表达是according to their importance，所以空格处填入importance 或者their importance。

大学专业英语八级考试模拟试卷(带答案)

大学专业英语八级考试模拟试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.LanguageDespite the fact that many definitions of language have been proposed, succinct definitions of language usually bring various questions. To understand the notion of language better, there are several aspects that should be taken into consideration.Ⅰ. Vocal communication in childhood●Composition of the system of vocal communication●Functions of the system of vocal communication:A. 1B. Express feelings and emotionsC. Influence the activities of othersD. 2 oneself with friendliness or hostilityⅡ. Different systems of vocal communication constitute different languages●Hard to define the 3 between languages●Different languages- people do not understand each other without 4 by both parties● 5-different systems of communication that may impede but do not prevent mutual comprehension●Idiolect- the 6 of a single personⅢ. Acquisition of languages●7 : spoken by one's parents or by those with whom they are brought up from infancy●Second Language: learned to different degrees of competence under various conditions●Bilingualism: Completely 8 two languagesA. Raised by parents speaking different languages at homeB. Raised within 9Ⅳ. Language is species-specific to human beings●Animals communicate through 10 or else●Human language is infinitely 11 and creativeⅤ. 12 of language●Facilitate communication●Express a national or local 13●14 function of language: puns, riddles, and crossword puzzles●Functions in imaginative or symbolic contexts: poetry, drama, and religionⅥ. Language and its relation to society●Language is a working system of communication in a certain 15●The product of history and source of its future developmentSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. $20. B. $36.99. C. $4.99. D. $32.17、A. What the problem is. B. What correction she wants.C. A neutral tone.D. Showing her anger.18、A. Give them the cultural information about complaint.B. Give them a model letter and ask them to write one similar to that.C. Familiarize the students with necessary vocabularies.D. Show the students the necessary writing styles and formats.19、A. Face-to-face verbal complaint. B. Written complaint.C. Phone complaint.D. E-mail complaint.20、A. Creating a situation where students can complain.B. Providing model complaints for students to follow.C. Analyzing the languages and structures for complaints.D. Giving students practice on how to complain by role play.21、A. Food security is the ability of people in household.B. Food security at the national level to provide the food needs to live a healthy and productive life.C. Food security also deals with food and nutritional security.D. Food security only refers to amount of food.22、A. The quality of people's life.B. The ability to grow and develop intellectually and socially.C. The capabilities of the next generation.D. All the above.23、A. To arouse the attention of all leaders over the world.B. To increase food production.C. To make better use of food.D. To make more food available in the marketplace.24、A. Australia has been putting more resources in agriculture.B. Poor countries were not themselves putting sufficient resources into agriculture and food security issues.C. More recently, food prices has been very high.D. Experts have realized that there's a large portion of society in poor countries.25、A. They changed the main staple crops.B. They changed the technology of growing the main staple crops.C. They fertilized the land.D. They did more research.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are four passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONETo keep the wheels of industry, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do with manufactured products when they are worn out? They must be disposed of, but how and where?Unsightly junkyards full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation. Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year, enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon. There isn't room for much more waste, and yet the factories grind on.They cannot stop because everyone wants a job. Our standard of living, one of the highest in the world, requires the consumption of manufactured products in ever-increasing amounts. Man, about to be buried in his own waste, is caught in a vicious cycle.Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. There weren't so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man's lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed, for man is slowly poisoning his environment.Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate—to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclear to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, we smell it, taste it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally live in and breathe pollution, and, not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our very civilization. Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smog—the choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, killing the wildlife. By dumping sewage and chemical into rivers and lakes, we have contaminated our drinking water. We are polluting the oceans, too, killing the fish and thereby depriving ourselves of an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding population.More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our "throw-away" technology. Each year American dispose of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper, 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to reuse anything. Today almost everything is disposable. Instead of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old, even though 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of cloth and now have disposable substitutes: "Wear it once and throw it away," will be the slogan of the fashion conscious.Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious. Take the problem of discarded automobiles, for instance. Each year over 40,000 of them are abandoned in New York City alone. Eventually the discards end up in a junkyard. But cars are too bulky to ship as scrap to a steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally strong bricks that are used in buildings and bridges. Man's ingenuity has come to his rescue.What about water pollution? More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants. Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a giant tank where the water is separated from the solid material called sludge. The sludge can be converted into fertilizer, and can also be made into bricks.Controlling air pollution is another crucial objective. Without food, man can live about five weeks; without water, about five days. Without air, he can only live five minutes, so pure air is a must. Here the wrongdoer is the automobile. Where there is a concentration of automobiles, as in our big cities, air pollution is severe. It is important to see that our cars are equipped with pollution-control devices. Such devices effectively reduce the harmful gases emitted from the engine. Power plants, factories, and apartment buildings can also avoid air pollution. When possible they should use clean fuels like gas and oil. And the smokestacks of these buildings should be equipped with filters and other smoke-reduction devices.Can we eliminate pollution altogether? Probably not. Modem man pollutes with everything he does, so total elimination would require drastic measures. Every power plant would have to shut down. Industries would have to close. We would have to leave all our automobiles in the garage. Every bus and truck and airplane would have to stop running. There would be no way to bring food to the cities. There would be no heat and light. Under these conditions, our population would die in a short time. Since such a drastic solution is impossible, we must employ determined public action. We can reduce pollution, even if we can't eliminate it altogether. But everyone must do his part. We can have a clean world; we can do something. The choice is up to you.PASSAGE TWO"When I direct Shakespeare," theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, "the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I go through to find the passages that are real heavy, that really are not needed, places where the language has become obscure, places where there is a bizarre detour. And then I take those moments, those elements, and I make them the centerpiece, the core of the production."In the sober matter of staging Shakespeare, such audaciousness is hard to resist—though a lot of Chicago theatre-goers have been able to. Typically, a third of the people who have been showing up at the Goodman Theatre to see Sellars' ingenious reworking of The Merchant of Venice have been walking out before the evening is over. It's no mystery, why? The evening isn't over for nearly four hours. Beyond that, the production pretty much upends everything the audience has come to expect from one of Shakespeare's most troubling but reliable entertaining comedies.The play has been transplanted from the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice, Italy, to the teeming, multicultural world of 1994 Venice Beach, California, where Sellars lives when he isn't setting Don Giovanni in Spanish Harlem, putting King Lear in a Lincoln Continental or deconstructing other classic plays and operas. Shylock, along with the play's other Jews, is black. Antonio, the merchant of the title, and his kinsmen are Latinos. Portia, the wealthy maiden being wooed by Antonio's friend Bassanio, is Asian. But the racial shuffling is just one of Sellars' liberties. The stage is furnished with little but office furniture, while video screens simulcast the actors in close-up during their monologues, (and, in between, display seemingly unrelated Southern Califomia scene, from gardens and swimming pools to the L. A. riots). Cries of anguish come from the clowns, and the playfully romantic final scene, in which Portia teases Bassanio for giving away her ring to the lawyer she played in disguise, is re-imagined as the darkest, most poisonously unsettling passage in the play.Some of this seems to be sheer perversity, but the real shock of Sellars' production is how well it works both theatrically and thematically. The racial casting, for instance, is a brilliant way of defusing the play's anti- Semitism—turning it into a metaphor for prejudice and materialism in all its forms. Paul Butler is a hardhearted ghetto businessman who, even when he is humiliated at the end, never loses his cool or stoops for pity.Wrongheaded and tortuous as this Merchant sometimes is, the updating is witty and apt. The "news of the Rialto" becomes fodder for a pair of gossip reporters on a happy-talk TV newscast. Shylock's trial is presided over by a mumbling, superannuated judge who could have stepped fight out of Court TV. With a few exceptions—Elaine Tse's overwrought Portia, for instance—the actors strike a nice balance between Shakespeare's poetry and Sellars' stunt driving. For the rest of us, it's a wild ride.PASSAGE THREESince ancient times it has been known that your word is a cause set in motion. In fact, the universe itself is claimed to have emanated from a single primordial sound. In the science of yoga, it is believed that certain Sanskrit words, known asmantras, can bring about magical results, thus you can secure abundance with a certain mantra, peace with another, and so on. On a more practical level, your word still remains highly potent.With your words, you can wound someone, sending them into spirals of defeat, and with your words you can heal someone, raising them up from a dismal place to soaring hope and motivation. In fact, the entire field of self-improvement is the transmission of words that will assist others to get a firm perspective and move forward with their lives, fulfilling their dreams and desires.On a personal level, too, your words affect you. What you say to yourself about anyone or anything affects you, too. If you speak well of someone or something, you bring more of that harmony into your life. And if you speak ill of someone or something, you will bring more of that frustration and anger and conflict into your life.Psychological literature often speaks of numerous cases where a parent's words, spoken casually, can affect the destiny of a child. And the most potent words that a parent can use to affect a child are those spoken at the time of dying since these are the last words, and the moment is so highly-charged and the awareness so acute that these words become an imperative that the child now feels obligated to never disown.Words are further charged with the emotion behind them. The stronger the emotion, the more highly charged the words. Many a love affair has fallen by the wayside because of emotionally charged words, which are later regretted.Despite all this, people use words with the utmost casualness. People wreck their own lives and that of others through the careless use of words. They also accept the words of others as a given truth, when, in fact, all comments by others are merely opinion.The most marvelous aspect of words is how they can bend time. The brilliantly crafted words of Shakespeare or the eloquence of Martin Luther King still shape our lives. Words are so sacred that whole buildings are used to archive them and make them available for reading.A person can rise from poverty to wealth, from sickness to health, and from loneliness to loving companionship simply through exposing themselves to the most beneficial stream of words.Words not only steal hearts, but shape reality as well. The earth can be a better place because of your choice of words. You can fill lives with the miracles of your words. You can be an agent for positive change and bring out the best in yourself and others simply by how you use words. Words are psychic shape-shifters; use them wisely.PASSAGE FOURimagine a chart that begins when man first appeared on the planet and tracks the economic growth of societies from then forward. It would be a long, flat line until the late 16th or early 17th century, when it would start trending upward. For most of humankind life was as the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes famously described it in 1651—"solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." But as Hobbes was writing thosewords, the world around him was changing. Put simply, human beings were getting smarter.People have always sought knowledge. The scientific revolution, followed by the Enlightenment, marked a fundamental shift. Humans were no longer searching for ways simply to fit into a natural or divine order; but they were seeking to change it. Once people found ways to harness energy—using steam engines—they were able to build machines that harnessed far more power than any human or horse could ever do. And people could work without ever getting tired. The rise of these machines drove the Industrial Revolution, and created a whole new system of life. Today the search for knowledge continues to produce an ongoing revolution in the health and wealth of humankind.If the rise of science marks the first great trend in this story, the second is its diffusion. What was happening in Britain during the Industrial Revolution was not an isolated phenomenon. A succession of visitors to Britain would go back to report to their countries on the technological and commercial innovations they saw there. Sometimes societies were able to learn extremely fast, as in the United States. Others, like Germany, was benefited from starting late, leapfrogging the long-drawn-out process that Britain went through.This diffusion of knowledge accelerated dramatically in recent decades. Over the last 30 years we have watched countries like Japan, Singapore, South Korea and now China grow at a pace that is three times that of Britain or the United States at the peak of the Industrial Revolution. They have been able to do this because of their energies and exertions, of course, but also because they cleverly and perhaps luckily adopted certain ideas about development that had worked inthe West—reasonably free markets, open trade, a focus on science and technology, among them.The diffusion of knowledge is the dominant trend of our time and goes well beyond the purely scientific. Consider the cases of Turkey and Brazil. If you had asked an economist 20 years ago how to think about these two countries, he would have explained that they were classic basket-case, Third World economies, with triple-digit inflation, soaring debt burdens, a weak private sector and snail's-pace growth. Today they are both remarkably well managed, with inflation in single digits and growth above 5 percent. And this shift is happening around the world. From Thailand to South Africa to Slovakia to Mexico, countries are far better managed economically than they have ever been. Even in cases where political constraints make it difficult to push far-reaching reforms, as in Brazil, Mexico or India, governments still manage their affairs sensibly, observing the Hippocratic oath not to do any harm.We are sometimes reluctant to believe in progress. But the evidence is unmistakable. The management of major economies has gotten markedly better in the last few years. Careful monetary policy has tempered the boom-and-bust economic cycles of the industrial world, producing milder recessions and fewer shocks. Every day one reads of a new study comparing nations in everything from Internet penetration to inflation. All these studies and lists are symbols of a learning process that is accelerating, reinforcing the lessons of success and failure. Call it a best-practice world.I realize that the world I am describing is the world of the winners. There are billions of people, locked outside global markets, whose lives are still accurately described by Hobbes's cruel phrase. But even here, there is change. The recognition of global inequalities is more marked today than ever before, and this learning is forcing action. There is more money being spent on vaccines and cures for diseases in Africa and Asia today than ever before in history. Foreign-aid programs face constant scrutiny and analysis. When things don't work, we learn that, too, and it puts a focus either on the aid program or on local governments to improve.This may sound overly optimistic. There are losers in every race, but let not the worries over who is winning and losing the knowledge race obscure the more powerful underlying dynamic: knowledge is liberating. It creates the possibility for change and improvement everywhere. It can create amazing devices and techniques, save lives, improve living standards and spread information. Some will do well on one measure, others on another. But on the whole, a knowledge-based world will be a healthier and richer world.The caveat I would make is not about one or another country's paucity of engineers or computers. These problems can be solved. But knowledge is not the same thing as wisdom. Knowledge can produce equally powerful ways to destroy life, intentionally and unintentionally. It can produce hate and seek destruction. Knowledge does not by itself bring any answer to the ancient Greek question "What is a Good Life?" It does not produce good sense, courage, generosity and tolerance. And most crucially, it does not produce the farsightedness that will allow us all to live together—and grow together—on this world without causing war, chaos and catastrophe. For that we need wisdom.26、Which of the following statement is NOT a cause of pollution mentioned in the passage?(PASSAGE ONE.A. Population explosion.B. Too much consumption.C. It is out-dated to reuse things.D. High unemployment rate.27、Which of the following statements is NOT a suggested solution to water pollution?(PASSAGE ONE.A. Building sewage-treatment plants.B. Strict restriction on the discharge of polluted water to rivers or lakes nearby.C. Using gigantic tanks to separate solid materials from water.D. Setting up underground sewage system to purify water.28、What does this passage mainly address?(PASSAGE ONE.A. The severity of pollution nowadays.B. Pollution and its solution.C. Universal concern over environment.D. Consumption and pollution.29、What's the main topic of the passage?(PASSAGE TWO)A. The Merchant of Venice adapted by Sellars.B. Success of the newly performed The Merchant of Venice.C. Peter Sellars's artistic style.D. The shooting of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice.30、When directing Shakespeare, Sellars usually ______ the original texts.(PASSAGE TWO)A. selects the key moments inB. abridgesC. completely changesD. keeps31、What can be inferred about Sellars's The Merchant of Venice?(PASSAGE TWO)A. The adaptation is awkward and meaningless.B. It is popular with Chicago theater-goers.C. It is not favored by the audience.D. It meets the audience's expectation.32、It can be concluded from the passage that Shakespeare's original text of The Merchant of Venice ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. is much more difficult to understandB. is always clear in languageC. presents a negative viewpoint towards the SemiticsD. is not as popular as his tragedies33、According to the author, words can ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. kill peopleB. show people's defeatC. give people hopeD. change the speaker himself34、Which is TRUE about the last words of parents?(PASSAGE THREE.A. They are often more influential on children than those spoken casually.B. They are full of sorrow and misery.C. Children's awareness of parents' words is always acute.D. These words are imperative for children with great sense of obligation.35、According to the fifth and sixth paragraph, the author implies that ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. people's emotions are influenced by the words they sayB. people should use words with more carefulnessC. people should only accept words which are truths rather than opinionsD. what people experience directly decides what they speak36、Better choice of words can do all of the following EXCEPT ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. shaping realityB. making life betterC. bringing about positive changeD. fulfilling dreams37、It can be inferred that during the Enlightenment, people in Western Europe ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. were looking for better ways of seeking knowledgeB. were not satisfied with their past achievementsC. were trying to fit into the natural environmentD. were tired of working38、Which of the following is NOT a result of scientific diffusion?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Britain's leadership in the Industrial Revolution.B. The Industrial Revolution in countries like the U.S. and Germany.C. Great development of some Eastern Asian countries.D. The economic boom in Turkey and Brazil.39、A suitable title for the passage would be ______.(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Knowledge and World EconomyB. Diffusion of ScienceC. The Earth's Learning CurveD. Knowledge and Wisdom40、SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the immediate problem caused by the consumption of manufactured products?(PASSAGE ONE.41、What does the phrase "wrongheaded and tortuous" mean in the last paragraph?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the author mean by saying "your word is a cause set in motion" in Paragraph 1?(PASSAGE THREE.43、What's the remarkable aspect of words according to the passage?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the great words?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What does the word "unmistakable" mean in Paragraph 6?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、What does "it" refer to in Line 6 Paragraph 7?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、What's the author's attitude towards knowledge?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" andput the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.It is interesting to reflect for a moment upon the differences in the areas of moral feeling and standards in the peoples of Japan andthe United States. The Americans divide these areas somewhatrigidly into the spirit and flesh, the two being in opposition in the 48life of a human being. Ideally, spirit should prevail but all too oftenit is the flesh which does prevail. 49The Japanese make no this division, at least between one as 50good and the other as evil. They believe that a person has twosouls, each necessary. One is the "gentle" soul; other is the 51"rough" soul. Sometimes the person uses his gentle soul;sometimes he must use his rough soul. He does not favor his gentlesoul, neither he fight his rough soul. Japanese philosophers insist 52human nature in itself be good, and a human being does not need to 53fight any part of himself. He has only to learn how to use each soulproperly at the appropriate times. Virtue for the Japanese consists of 54fulfilling one's obligations to others. Happy endings, either in life orin fiction, are neither necessary nor expected, while the fulfillment 55of duty provides the satisfying end, whatever the tragedy it inflicts.And duty includes a person's obligations to these who have conferred 56benefits upon him and to himself as an individual of honor. Hedevelops through this double sense of duty, a self-discipline whichis at once permissive and rigid, depending upon the area which it is 57functioning.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、我仿佛看见这世间有一个极大、极复杂的网，大大小小的一切事物，都被牢结在这网中。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷368(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷368(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Cultural Differences between East and West Good morning, everyone. Today I’d like to share with you one interesting topic, that is: cultural differences between East and West. But before we start, we have to look at an important question: What leads to the cultural differences? The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole. The origin of the Eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated by rivers. In China, the mother river is the Yellow River while the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were developed for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japan, mixed into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it belongs to the same system. When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of the Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the base of European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European one also crossed waters. When the colonists of England settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European one a lot. At the same time, the difference of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper. Other factors like human race difference count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other. Now, I’d like to discuss with you another question, that is: how differently do people behave in daily life? The differences are everywhere. They affect people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world. Even in everyday life, the cultural differences show up from the moment the eyes are opened to the minute the dreams are invited. In the following, I’ll give sometypical examples of the differences. First example: greeting. Greeting is the first step to form a culture, because people begin to communicate with others. The individuals become a community. How do we Chinese greet each other? Informally, if we meet a friend in the street, we are used to saying: “Hi, have you had your meal?” or “Where are you going?”When it is the case of two gentlemen, they tend to shake hands. However, in western countries, the above questions are just questions, not greetings at all. They may think you’re inviting them to dinner if you ask about their meals. Usually, they’ll just give each other a smile or greet with a “Hi.” They’ll shake hands only in some formal situations. By the way, Westerners can leave a party or meeting hall without a formal conge, nor should they shake hands with every attendee like most of us will do here. Second example: expressing gratitude. Think of the situations below. Your mother is busy in the kitchen. She suddenly asks you to fetch a bowl for her. You do so. What’ll your mother’s response be? Probably she’ll just continue doing the cooking. After a while, the dinner is ready. Your mother hands you your bowl of rice. What’s your response? Probably just begin to eat. That’s what I want to say. In Chinese families, we rarely say “Thank you” to other family members for receiving help or service. Neither will we say so between good friends. It’s such an unpopular response that if you say it, the counterpart will think you are treating him as a stranger, otherwise you are lacking intimacy. But in the West, “thank you” is one of the most frequently used sentences. Teachers will thank a student for answering the question: husbands will thank his wife for making a coffee. However, as an interesting phenomenon, it’s a custom to say “thank you” in Japan. No matter in family or among friends, Japanese chronically use it all day. This is probably the aberrance of the culture. After the above discussions, now there is another question, that is: what can we do to treat the culture gap? Now we have seen that there exists such a huge gap between eastern culture and western one. Then what should we do to face this gap in the gradually globalizing world? Firstly, we cannot deny any of the cultures. Every nation has its own characteristics and it’s mainly through its culture that we first begin to know the nation and its characteristics. So we cannot say that this culture or custom is right and that is wrong. Equal respect should be attached to every culture in the world, even to those that are not in existence any more. Next, we should get to learn how to coordinate the different cultures. We say the world is becoming smaller and smaller. More foreigners come and go everyday. When it is in the same country, the same city, the same neighborhood, the cultural collision is expected to be more serious. So we should try to avoid this happening. One important thing is to get some basic knowledge about the other cultures so as not to misunderstand some actions or habits of the foreigners. When the above two are done, we can start to communicate. I mean we can take in some strong points from the foreign cultures. Though there doesn’t exist correctness in terms of culture, it does have the terms of more advanced or more suitable for the world nowadays. Of course, we cannot throw away our own culture and accept another one totally. Every culture is a treasure to the history of the Earth, so we should only pick out those we lack to perfect our own. To conclude what we have discussed today: first we have provided you with the underlying reasons of cultural differences, after that, we havepresented you with several specific examples to further prove this. Finally we have explained the differences from several perspectives. Last but not least, we should remember that different cultures add the most colorful element to the world of the 21st century. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human beings. It ought to be the motivation of going farther.Cultural Differences between East and West I. Factors leading to the cultural differencesA. Different culture 【T1】______ 【T1】______—Eastern culture:a)China: Yellow Riverb)India: 【T2】______ 【T2】______—European culture:a)Base: Ancient Greece and Ancient Romeb)European culture crossed over the 【T3】______ 【T3】______B. Different language systems—Eastern: mostly belonging to pictographic language—Western: mostly based on 【T4】______ 【T4】______C. Other factors:—different 【T5】______ 【T5】______—infrequent 【T6】______between the East and West 【T6】______a)far distance and the steep areab)no 【T7】______ from each other 【T7】______II. Different behavior in people’s daily lifeA. 【T8】______ 【T8】______—the Chinese greeting:a)questions about whether you have your meal or notb)questions about where you are goingc)two gentlemen greet with 【T9】______ 【T9】______—the Western greeting:a)with a smile or with a “Hi”b)shaking hands only in formal situationsB. Expressing gratitude—the Eastern way:a)rarely say “Thank you”, otherwise, you’re 【T10】______ 【T10】______b)an exception: 【T11】______ 【T11】______—the Western way:a)thank you is the most 【T12】______ phrases 【T12】______III. How to handle culture gapA. No 【T13】______ any of the cultures 【T13】______—every nation has its own 【T14】______ 【T14】______—we should pay equal respect for each cultureB. Learning how to coordinate different cultures by avoiding 【T15】______ 【T15】______C. Starting to communicate by taking in strong points from the foreign cultures1．【T1】正确答案：origins／／sources解析：录音开篇就指出讲座的主题是东西方文化差异。

专业英语八级模拟试卷820(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷820(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：How to Ensure Survival in the College Dorm Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. This is Shah J. Chaudhry from the College Admission. Congratulations on becoming a member of this famous college. College life is colorful. However, I have to say that it can be hard as well. Problems can arise from almost all parts of your college life. Life in the college dorm in particular, and on the rest of the campus in general, is something which will expose you to a variety of situations and emotions. That’s where you need some advice to help build up your own techniques to deal with the problems. [1] Although there is a certain degree of anxiousness and stress involved, the years spent in the dorm room will eventually become one of the most enjoyable and memorable periods of your life. Although a certain degree of anxiety is natural, it has been observed that a large number of college-bound students are damn scared of life in the college dorm! Overwhelming seniors and scary rumors and legends related to the “initiation”don’t help things much. [2] To put it simply: there’s nothing to be scared about. Like all new and unknown things in life, moving into the dorm will bring with it problems, anxieties and frustrations, but everything will turn out just fine in a few days. [3] Look at the bright side of it. You are going to meet new people and some of them will be your good friends. You are going to learn different local cultures through the people sharing the dorm with you. And you are going to improve your communication skills. Believe it or not, but the years spent in the college dorm will eventually be remembered as the most memorable and enjoyable period of your life. [4] In order to help you adjust well into dorm life, let’s discuss a few simple steps which will ensure your survival and successful adjustment into the college dorm. Shape up Everyone in the world has a certain way of doing things. Similarly, every student coming to college has certain tastes, preferences, routines and habits. [5] Now that you are sharing the environment with people other than your family members, you have to evaluate your life style. The fact that your mom tolerated your dirty habits and poor social skills does not mean that the rest of the dorm will too. Make Friends andSocialize The best way to quickly adjust yourself into the dorm environment is by making friends. [6] It’s always easier to go through unfamiliar and inconvenient situations if you have a group of friends and colleagues with whom you can relate to.[7] In fact, it’s widely accepted that the dorm environment (studying, eating, playing, sleeping and living together) gives you the opportunity to make friends closer than any you’ve had before. It’s not uncommon for a person’s “best” friends to be those with whom he or she spent several years with in the college dorm back in the “good old days”. To tell you the truth, the people I hang out most frequently now are friends I made at college. Tolerate and Co-exist Many people like to compare life in the college dorm with living as part of one big over-sized family. Usually you get along, sometimes you fight, but at the end of the day you all love each other! Ok, I confess, maybe the above statement isn’t completely true. [8] When you go to college you’ll invariably come across a couple of people (just a couple, never more!) who are just mean, idiotic jerks. When such a situation arises (and trust me it will), you’ll just have to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist without setting fire to each other’ s rooms. Remember just now I said that you can improve communication skills? Here is the chance. Try your best to communicate with people who are hard to get along with. Learn to Share This is probably the most important part of life in the college dorm. You’ll have to live with people whom you initially don’t know and will have to share dorm rooms, bathrooms, dinner tables, telephone lines, TVs, water coolers —everything! [9] Generally, close friends end up sharing everything from books to beds to clothes to shoes. But you’ll also have to lend your personal belongings (a bar of soap, a book, a tube of toothpaste or even some money) to those people in the dorm who are not “close friends”but just “friends”. Why? Simply because if you don’t, then there’ll be nobody willing to lend you anything when you are in need. Have Fun I lied earlier when I said that learning to share is the most important. THIS is the most important aspect of dorm life. Well, is there any fun? [10] Think of it: no parents, no restrictions, and best of all, a large number of people your age available to you at all times of the day and night. Although you should remember that your primary objective is to study and receive a good education, it’s perfectly fine to have a lot of fun during your college dorm days. Be responsible and be safe, and have the time of your life!How to Ensure Survival in the College Dorm Life in college dorm can be hard, especially for the first-years. Here Shah J. Chaudhry gives them great tips for successful college dorm life. College students face certain degree of 【B1】______ in their 【B1】______dorms. However, students need not be 【B2】______ about problems 【B2】______and frustrations. They’d better find the bright 【B3】______ of dorm 【B3】______life. The following is the advice as how to 【B4】______ to it. 【B4】______Shape up Everyone has his own way of getting things done. Since students are sharing dorm with each other, it is wise for them toreexamine their 【B5】______ . 【B5】______Make Friends and Socialize Friends will make things 【B6】______ for people, so the best way 【B6】______of a quick adjustment is making friends. It is strongly believedthat dorm life provides great 【B7】______ for students to make close 【B7】______friends.Tolerate and Co-exist Students will【B8】______ meet mean people in college. In such 【B8】______case, they must learn to put up with each other and stay in peace. Learn to ShareIt is wise for students to learn to share things with others, notonly the facilities in the dorm, but also some personal 【B9】______ . 【B9】______Have Fun With no parents around, enough freedom, and people ofsimilar 【B10】______ , having fun is the most important part of dorm 【B10】______life, although the major task for students is to study.1．【B1】正确答案：anxiousness and stress解析：本讲座主要给出了处理好寝室生活的一些建议，并分五条列出。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(1)

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（1）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:52Volume第1题The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system —the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______ —the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because —there is usually no other place to go —most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______ II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______ A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______ —【T7】______【T7】______ —about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______ —the congressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that —major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______ —major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the 【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______ —the competition between two parties —the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______ B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______ —the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power —two-party system cannot be destroyed —the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of 【T13】______ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______ b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0004:56Volume第17题16．A.It includes all the compensation for loss.B.It includes a certificate of posting.C.It is perfect for sending documents of minor value.D.It is usually handled by very particular couriers.第18题17．A.All kinds of parcels.B.Airway letters.C.Railway letters.D.Inland postal packets.第19题18．A.It is signed by the recipient.B.It provides the recipient confirmation of delivery.C.It is free of charge.D.It will cost less at the time of posting.第20题19．A.The compensation for loss is limited.B.It will pay for valuable items.C.The compensation process is speedy.D.The compensation is inadmissible.第21题20．A.Recorded delivery is suitable for sending valuable things.B.Recorded delivery is a service with extra security.C.The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office.D.The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:23Volume第22题21．A.The packet should be fastened with adhesive substance.B.The packets should be posted in the mailbox.C.The packets needn´t be posted with relevant fee.D.The packets needn´t be wrapped in a strong cover.第23题22．A.Its contents can resist easy damage.B.Registered post provides a protection against damage.C.Registered post receives no special security treatmentD.There is special security treatment for registered post.第24题23．A.Partially included.B.Already covered.C.Partially stamped.D.Already excluded.第25题24．A.Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes.B.Trading stamps sold by the post office.C.Bank notes and currency notes.D.All precious articles sold by the post office.第26题25．A.Neither of them accepts any airway letters.B.They both deliver mails to the addressee in person.C.Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official.D.Recorded delivery doesn´t compensate for bank notes, but registered post does.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide compliments. German newspapers described how it "floated above the clouds" with" elegance and lightness"and"breathtaking" beauty. In France, papers praised the "immense concrete giant". Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Boroditsky thinks not.(2) A psychologist at Stanford University, she has long been intrigued by an age-old question whose modern form dates to 1956, when linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf asked whether the language we speak shapes the way we think and see the world. If so, then language is not merely a means of expressing thought, but a constraint on it, too. Although philosophers, anthropologists, and others have weighed in, with most concluding that language does not shape thought in any significant way, the field has been notable for a distressing lack of empiricism—as in testable hypotheses and actual data.(3) That´s where Boroditsky comes in. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, she is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically," not only when they are thinking in order to speak, "but in all manner of cognitive tasks," including basic sensory perception. "Even a small fluke of grammar"—the gender of nouns—"can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,"she says.(4) As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Briicke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw female features; French speakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schluessel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (Ilaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language interprets key as masculine and which as feminine?(5) Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English´s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian´s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that´s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly (a letter in an envelope), and a different one when an object is in something loosely (an apple in a bowl). Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.(6) In Australia, the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre use compass directions for every spatial cue rather than right or left, leading to locutions such as "there is an ant on your southeast leg. " The Kuuk Thaayorre are also much more skillful than English speakers at dead reckoning, even in unfamiliar surroundings or strange buildings.Their language" equips them to perform navigational feats once thought beyond human capabilities," Boroditsky wrote on Edge. org.(7) Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in " she ate (and finished) the pizza. " In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says " she broke the bowl," even if it smashed accidentally (she dropped something on it, say), Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself. " " When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky, " Englishspeakers remember who was to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality. "第27题In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.A.explaining a phenomenonB.justifying an assumptionC.posing a contrastD.making a comparison第28题Lera Boroditsky most probably holds the viewpoint that______.nguage expresses thoughtnguage constrains thoughtnguage determines thoughtnguage and thought interact with each other第29题Which of the following statements is TRUE about the languages mentioned in the passage?A.Both the nouns for bridge and key are feminine in German.B.The language of the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre is really helpful for sailing.C.Korean has a larger vocabulary than English in describing colors.D.Whether an action is completed or not is best shown in Spanish.第30题The author uses the following ways to develop paragraphs EXCEPT______.A.cause and effectB.deduction and inductionC.explanationD.definition上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) What would the holidays be without lots of tiny twinkling lights? Less colorful and festive—but also a lot safer.(2) From living rooms to front porches across the country, homeowners are stringing millions of lights on Christmas trees or eaves and decorating their windowsills with electric, battery-operated or traditional candles. But according to the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, too many are doing so with little regard to the hazards. Last holiday season there were about 200 Christmas tree fires in American homes, caused primarily by faulty lights and resulting in 10 deaths and more than $ 10 million in property loss, the Commission says. Another 14,000 house fires are started yearly by misplaced or mishandled flame candles, causing 170 deaths and$350 million in property loss. And about 10,000 people are treated at emergency rooms for injuries from falls, cuts or shocks while hanging lights or decorations.(3) The biggest causes of holiday fires are " candles and live trees" , said Kim Dulic, a Commission spokeswoman. The agency recommends battery-operated candles instead of real or electric, she said, along with fire-resistant artificial trees—or fresh well-watered trees.(4) A cut tree is fresh, she said, if the bottom of its trunk is sticky with resin and its needles are hard to pull and don´t break when bent. It is too dry if it sheds a shower of needles when bounced on the ground. A harvested tree should be cut about a half inch from the bottom and put in water within no more than three to six hours, said Rick Dungey, the public relations manager of the National Christmas Tree Association, in Chesterfield, Mo. " If you wait any longer, air molecules get in the trunk and they prevent the tree from siphoning water,"Mr. Dungey said, adding that people should water often and never let the water go below the cut end. Once a Christmas tree dries out, it is an accident waiting to happen, said Lorraine Carli, the communications vice president of the National Fire Protection Association, in Quincy, Mass. If ignited, it can be engulfed in seconds.(5) The most common cause is electrical—either an overused electrical system or faulty wiring. Brett Brenner, the president of the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), in Rosslyn, Va., said homeowners should make yearly inspections. " Cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires and loose connections can cause a serious shock or start a fire," he said. Use no more than one extension cord per socket, and string no more than three sets of lights together. Wires should not run under carpets or through windows or doors. He said outdoor outlets should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter—a breaker that trips with any interruption or problem with the ground wire. (An interrupter usually needs to be installed when an outlet is near or exposed to water; it generally costs less than $ 10.)(6) John Drengenberg, the consumer affairs director of Underwriters Laboratories, the testing group in Northbrook, 111., said that if lights are certified for indoors only, they must not be used outside; those certified for outdoors, however, can be used inside. No matter the kind, he said, if the bulbs are the screw-in type, there should be no more than 50 per outlet. Outdoor lights, he said, should be hung with plastic clip-on hangers, not metal nails or staples, which can pierce insulation and cause a short. And what about those who don´t take down their outdoor lights until the wisteria is in bloom in May? " You should never leave lights up all year round," Mr. Drengenberg said. "They´re not designed for year-round use. "第31题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of the holiday hazards?A.Accidents during decoration.B.Poor quality of bubbles.C.Careless handling of candles.D.Problematic management of lights.第32题According to the passage, what is the BEST choice of Christmas trees?A.A real tree that is soaked in water at the shop.B.A real tree whose needles don´t break when bent.C.An artificial tree with delicate craftsmanship.D.An artificial tree that won´t be engulfed immediately.第33题It can be inferred from Para. 5 that______.A.the ESFI inspects household electrical system annuallyB.electrical devices for outdoor use are not expensiveC.homeowners do not have the particular electrical knowledgeD.an overloaded electrical system or faulty wiring may lead to disasters第34题Which of the following is NOT in accordance with Mr. Drengenberg´s suggestion?A.Never use outdoor lights that are certified for indoor use.B.Put exactly 50 screw-in type bulbs to each outlet.C.Take off the outdoor lights after the Christmas season is over.D.Avoid metal nails or staples when putting on the outdoor lights.上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn´t give up easily, you might say, "He´s got a lot of heart. " Not every culture would agree—for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, they say instead,"Ha fegato" : "He has liver. "(2) But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart "aches" , could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can break your heart.(3) In the first study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC),a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses´ Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a higher-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the study´s outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.(4) The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes—not exactly heart-healthy conditions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with women´s symptoms of depression.(5) The antidepressant theory is just that—a theory. It could be that the antidepressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs´still uncertain benefits. Scientists have already shown that antidepressants are a bad idea for those about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery.(6) No one is sure exacdy how depression hurts me heart, and one plausible explanation is that the train runs in the opposite direction—a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the bodymight activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that contribute to depression.(7) But another new paper, also published in the JACC, lends credit to the idea that it is our moods that work on our hearts and not the other way around. In this paper, researchers from University College London reviewed the findings of 39 previously published articles and found that men who are angry and hostile are significantly more likely to have a cardiac event man those who aren´t. That may sound unsurprising—we all know that anger can stress your heart. But it´s important to note the difference between aggression and just being aggressive. Previous studies have found that so-called type A´s—those who are driven, competitive and obsessed with deadlines—are not more likely to experience heart disease. In other words, your type A co-workers who are annoyingly ambitious and dutiful are no more likely to have a heart attack than you are. Rather, it´s the seething, angry types with underlying hostility who are the ticking time bombs. Anger, it turns out, is physiologically toxic.(8) The authors of the second paper offer the standard theories about how an angry emotion translates to a physical heart attack: angry people have a harder time sleeping; they take prescribed drugs less often; they eat worse, exercise less, smoke more and are fatter. These things add up: compared with the good-humored, those who were angry and hostile—but had no signs of heart problems at the outset—ended up with a 19% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, according to the University College London paper.(9) The two studies reify gender stereotypes; women get their hearts broken through sadness; men "break" their hearts (via heart attack) through anger. But both studies suggest that men and women have a common interest in understanding that some causes of cardiac disease—poor diet or lack of exercise or bad sleep habits—may have a precipitating cause themselves. Whether male or female, letting yourself get overwhelmed by emotion can damage not only your mind but also that crucial organ, the heart.第35题The relationship between the first study and the second study is that______.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.each presents a different issueC.the second generalizes the firstD.the second proves the first第36题Which of the following has been proven both practically and theoretically?A.Depression has some direct physiological impact on the heart.B.Antidepressants are closely related to heart disease.C.Antidepressants´ disadvantages outweigh their advantages.D.Anger and hostility may contribute to a heart attack.第37题Which of the following expressions is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A.He´s got a lot of heart. (Para. 1)B... .break your heart. (Para. 2)C....the train runs in the opposite direction... (Para.6)D....who are the ticking time bombs. (Para. 7)上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween´s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada´s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don´t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries,"Nilsen told National Geographic News.(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It´s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. " This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween,"he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal,"Nilsen said.(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren´t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today´s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: "People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "(6) According to the University of Wisconsin´s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories; lanterns made with hollowed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native tothe New World.第38题The knowledge about the ancient Halloween comes from the following EXCEPT______.A.historians´ introductionB.factual and detailed recordsC.today´s Halloween customsD.books written by ancient Roman writers第39题Which of the following statements about Samhain is TRUE?A.It is the forerunner of today´s Halloween.B.It was the celebration of the new year 2,000 years ago.C.It was celebrated first in Coligny, France.D.It is an occasion of family gatherings.第40题On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by______.A.the dead walking among the livingB.the living masquerading as the deadC.boys dressing up as girlsD.men disguising as white horses上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题What does "He´s got a lot of heart. " mean according to the author?第44题What does the author aim to indicate by citing the two new studies?第45题What are the factors that may lead to a physical heart attack? (Please list no more than 3 factors.) 上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What did people do at Martinmas according to the passage?第47题Which word is used metaphorically in Para. 6?第48题What´s the origin of pumpkin lantern according to the passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGELanguage is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significantleveling out of language any more than one could detect byobservation that the sun is burning itself out.As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word.However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or processof simplification that would have to have come into operation atsome time after such a pre-historic development. NoamChomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentiethcentury, has indicated that human language and animalcommunication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.第49题【M1】第50题【M2】。

专业英语八级模拟试卷603(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷603(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Things to be Taught in Every School Good afternoon, today’s lecture is going to talk about five important things that have to be taught in every school. I can’t speak for schools outside the United States, but for those who went to school in America, I think you’ll agree that the American education system is in sore need of an upgrade. The world is changing at such a rapid pace and it’s my strong opinion that there should be more classes dedicated to helping students prepare and cope with the real world once they graduate. When you go on to college, you do a bit of the same things, but you also learn to think analytically, critically, and to broaden your mind so to speak, but even people who graduate from college will learn lessons from the real world the hard way as well. Below are five things that I firmly believe should be taught in every school in America so that students don’t get railroaded when they enter the real world. The first thing is personal finance. Every week or so, there always seems to be a new article in CNN, USA Today, or Yahoo about young adults struggling with debt, whether it be from credit cards or loans in general. High interest rates, hidden fees, not consolidating debt—these terms and concepts are mostly unknown to young adults and because of that ignorance, they tend to make big errors in judgment. Credit score is another big thing. A lot of young adults don’t bother to check up on it to make sure there are no errors with it. Your credit score is your report card in the real world and it comes into play when you’re buying a car, renting your first apartment, and even when you’re getting a job. Protect that at all costs. Learn what drives your credit score down. Learn what drives your credit score up. Check up on it every now and then to ensure nothing is wrong with it. Another important subset regarding personal finance are those “intangible”things, such as learning to differentiate between need and want, delaying the gratification, and having an inner sense of value. These concepts can’t be taught in the classroom but only taught through oneself via self discipline. The second is to communicate effectively. I know that sounds simple, but I’m sure you’ve met people in the workplace who don’t take the time to prepare when they speak with you and as aresult, waste your time talking in circles when all you want to say to them is: “Can you take some time to think through what you want to say and come back to me later with that?”Communicating effectively is one of the most underrated, yet most powerful skills you can develop. The biggest part in communicating effectively is preparing what you want to say beforehand. Keep it simple. What’s my point? Why? Prepare a good example. Communicating effectively is one of the most underrated and most valuable skills a person can have. And let me tell you on a personal level, there’s nothing more refreshing than dealing with people who take the time to prepare what they have to say and back it up with clear examples. It’s a very rare skill nowadays. Now, let’s come to social skills. In general, social skills are closely related to communicating effectively. After you graduate, you’re not going to be dealing with your high school or college friends anymore. You’ll be dealing with many people from different backgrounds, countries, and more importantly different age groups, so it would be wise to learn how to socialize outside your own group. Cut the slang. Learn to respect customs from other countries. Learn when to speak and when not to. Build rapport. Learn the art of networking—that’s key. Networking is a big skill that’s not taught enough in schools. Learn to approach people—that’s another big skill. Most people don’t have the guts to take the first initiative and introduce themselves. Be the big man. Take the first step. The thing of sales ranks the fourth. Obviously I’m not advocating people becoming a salesman after school, but learning the art of selling is what I’m advocating. If you think about it, we all sell everyday. We sell ideas to our boss. We sell to our friends when we pitch ideas on what to do this weekend. We sell ourselves in job interviews. You could say that sales is a great combination of social skills and communicating effectively, but with some other components you should pick up that will be useful. Selling is one of the few skills that can be utilized in any job or career. It’s one of the most important cross marketable skills you will ever develop. The last one is time management. Speaking of other skills that can be utilized in any job and career is time management. The majority of students never really learn to value their time and manage it while in school. This lack of time management often carries over into adulthood, which becomes a major liability. Learn to make a “to do” list. Learn to prioritize. David Allen’s GTD system is your best friend here along with Dan Kennedy’s No B.S Time Management. Again if you’re unfamiliar with these people, Google is your best friend, but I’m sure the majority of readers will know what I’m talking about. To sum up, these five things including personal finance, effective communication, social skills, sales and time management play a crucial role in school education.Things to be Taught in Every SchoolI. Introduction: Importance of students’ ability to deal with the real world.A. Speaker’s opinion: Advocating classes for students to enter the real worldB. Students entering the world learn lessons in the (1)_____ way (1)______II. Five things to be taught as skills in every school.A.(2)_____ (2)______- financial terms: Ignorance of them lead to errors- credit score: The report card of real world- (3)_____ things: Differentiation, delaying and inner sense (3)______B. Communicating effectively- the most important part (4)_____ (4)______- judgment of a person: most underrated or most valuableC. Social skills-dealing with people from different (5)_____ (5)______- how to socialize:a) cut the slang: respecting foreign customs and speaking appropriatelyb) build rapport: the art of (6)_____ and approaching people (6)______D. (7)_____ (7)______- its role in our life every day: selling ideas and ourselves- not only the (8)_____ of social skills and (8)______ effective communication- applicable to every job and careerE.(9)_____ (9)______- learn to make a “to do list”- learn to (10)_____ (10)______1．(1)正确答案：hard/difficult/tough解析：讲座的主题是important things to be taught in every school(学校教育中应注重的方面)。

英语专业八级考试模拟试题集

英语专业八级考试模拟试题集一、单选题1、The old man should be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder答案：B2、By local doctors and nurses,we hope more people.A.train,helpB.training,helpingC.training,to helpD.train,helping答案：C3、I don’t have as______money as before,but my life is more______.A.many,usefulB.more,niceC.most,goodD.much,meaningful答案：D4、I hope you will spend as much time as you can______your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice答案：C5、It’s necessary______us all to______.A.for,keeping learningB.to,keeping learningC.of,keep to learnD.for,keep learning答案：D6、All we want to do______to find enough water______the horses.A.are,toB.is,forC.be,asD.is,to give答案：B7、The car is______expensive______he can’t buy it.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.enough,that答案：B8、How I______I could live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish答案：D9、I’ve never been out of China_______.What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just答案：C10、Mrs.White has______that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education答案：A二、阅读理解短文一Whenever you see an old film,even one made as little as ten years before,you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part.Their hair styles and make-up look dated;their skirts look either too long or too short;their general appearance is,in fact,slightly ludicrous.The men taking part,on the other hand,are clearly recognizable.There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created entirely by changing fashions.问题What is the main reason for the difference in appearance between men and women in old films?答案：The main reason is the changing fashions.短文二The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.For a hundred years or more he has been killed,captured,and imprisoned in zoos.His bones have been mounted in natural history museums everywhere,and he has always exerted a strong fascination upon scientists and romantics alike.Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas.No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state.问题What is the paradox about gorillas mentioned in the passage?答案：The paradox is that despite being studied for over a hundred years, we still know very little about gorillas.三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable options.The company has been__________for its innovative products.Despite the challenges,she remained__________throughout the project.Blank1:A)recognized B)criticized C)ignored D)forgotten答案：ABlank2:A)optimistic B)indifferent C)skeptical D)pessimistic答案：A四、翻译中文句子翻译成英文随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。

英语专八模拟题_套一(包含答案)

英语专八模拟题_阅读专项练习题一，选择题Passage One(1) At a certain season of our life we are accustomed to consider every spot as the possible site of a house. I have thus surveyed the country on every side within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms in succession, for all were to be bought, and I knew their price. I walked over each farmer's premises, tasted his wild apples, discoursed on husbandry with him, took his farm at his price, at any price, mortgaging it to him in my mind; even put a higher price on it—took everything but a deed of it—took his word for his deed, for I dearly love to talk—cultivated it, and him too to some extent, I trust, and withdrew when I had enjoyed it long enough, leaving him to carry it on. This experience entitled me to be regarded as a sort of real-estate broker by my friends. Wherever I sat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly. What is a house but a sedes, a seat? —better if a country seat. I discovered many a site for a house not likely to be soon improved, which some might have thought too far from the village, but to my eyes the village was too far from it. Well, there I might live, I said; and there I did live, for an hour, a summer and a winter life; saw how I could let the years run off, buffet the winter through, and see the spring come in. The future inhabitants of this region, wherever they may place their houses, may be sure that they have been anticipated. An afternoon sufficed to lay out the land into orchard, wood-lot, and pasture, and to decide what fine oaks or pines should be left to stand before the door, and whence each blasted tree could be seen to the best advantage; and then I let it lie, fallow, perchance, for a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.(2) My imagination carried me so far that I even had the refusal of several farms—the refusal was all I wanted—but I never got my fingers burned by actual possession. The nearest that I came to actual possession was when I bought the Hollowell place, and had begun to sort my seeds, and collected materials with which to make a wheelbarrow to carry it on or off with; but before the owner gave me a deed of it, his wife—every man has such a wife—changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me ten dollars to release him. Now, to speak the truth, I had but ten cents in the world, and it surpassed my arithmetic to tell, if I was that man who had ten cents, or who had a farm, or ten dollars, or all together. However, I let him keep the ten dollars and the farm too, for I had carried it far enough; or rather, to be generous, I sold him the farm for just what I gave for it, and, as he was not a rich man, made him a present of ten dollars, and still had my ten cents, and seeds, and materials for a wheelbarrow left. I found thus that / had been a rich man without any damage to my poverty. But I retained the landscape, and I have since annually carried off what it yielded without a wheelbarrow. With respect to landscapes, "I am monarch of all I survey. My right there is none to dispute. "(3)I have frequently seen a poet withdraw, having enjoyed the most valuable part of a farm, while the crusty farmer supposed that he had got a few wild apples only. Why, the owner does not know it for many years when a poet has put his farm in rhyme, the most admirable kind of invisible fence, has fairly impounded it, milked it, skimmed it, and got all the cream, and left the farmer only the skimmed milk.(4) The real attractions of the Hollowell farm, to me, were: its complete retirement, being, about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, and separated from the highway by a broad field; its bounding on the river, which the owner said protected it by its fogs from frosts in the spring, though that was nothing to me; the gray color and ruinous state of the house and barn, and the dilapidated fences, which put such an interval between me and the last occupant; the hollow and lichen-covered apple trees, gnawed by rabbits, showing what kind of neighbors I should have; but above all, the recollection I had of it from my earliest voyages up the river, when the house was concealed behind a dense grove of red maples, through which I heard the house-dog bark. I was in haste to buy it, before the proprietor finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the hollow apple trees, and grubbing up some young birches which had sprung up in the pasture, or, in short, had made any more of his improvements. To enjoy these advantages I was ready to carry it on; like Atlas, to take the world on my shoulders—I never heard what compensation he received for that—and do all those things which had no other motive or excuse but that I might pay for it and be unmolested in my possession of it; for I knew all the while that it would yield the most abundant crop of the kind I wanted, if I could only afford to let it alone. But it turned out as I have said.(5) All that I could say, then, with respect to farming on a large scale—I have always cultivated a garden—was, that I had had my seeds ready. Many think that seeds improve with age. I have no doubt that time discriminates between the good and the bad; and when at last I shall plant, I shall be less likely to be disappointed. But I would say to my fellows, once for all, as long as possible live free and uncommitted. It makes but little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the county jail.(6) Old Cato, whose "De Re Rustica" is my "Cultivator," says—and the only translation I have seen makes sheer nonsense of the passage—" When you think of getting a farm turn it thus in your mind, not to buy greedily; nor spare your pains to look at it, and do not think it enough to go round it once. The oftener you go there the more it will please you, if it is good. " I think I shall not buy greedily, but go round and round it as long as I live, and be buried in it first, that it may please me the more at last.1.It can be inferred from Para. 1 that________.2.The author’s attitude indicated in the second paragraph is that________.3.Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?4.According to Para. 5 and Para. 6, what is the author’s attitude towards getting a farm?5.Which of the following statements does the author NOT advocate in the passage? Passage Two(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list—answering emails, say—while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy, while artfully avoiding the tasks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long-untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.(2) The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with tasks that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds—an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.(3) How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost-benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tackling it.(4) To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:(5) Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real—making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty. When we apply a lo-fi version of this technique to any task we've been avoiding, by taking a moment to paint ourselves a vivid mental picture of the benefits of getting it done, it can sometimes be just enough to get us unstuck. So if there's a call you're avoiding or an email you're putting off, give your brain a helping hand by imagining the virtuous sense of satisfaction you'll have once it's done—and perhaps also the look of relief on someone's face as they get from you what they needed.(6) Pre-commit, publicly. Telling people that we're going to get something done can powerfully amplify the appeal of actually taking action, because our brain's reward system is so highly responsive to our social standing. Research has found that it mattersgreatly to us whether we're respected by others—even by strangers. Most of us don't want to look foolish or lazy to other people. So by daring to say "I'll send you the report by the end of the day" we add social benefits to following through on our promise—which can be just enough to nudge us to bite the bullet.(7) Confront the downside of inaction. Research has found that we're strangely averse to properly evaluating the status quo. While we might weigh the pros and cons of doing something new, we far less often consider the pros and cons of not doing that thing. Known as omission bias, this often leads us to ignore some obvious benefits of getting stuff done. Suppose you're repeatedly putting off the preparation you need to do for an upcoming meeting. You're tempted by more exciting tasks, so you tell yourself you can do it tomorrow (or the day after). But force yourself to think about the downside of putting it off, and you realize that tomorrow will be too late to get hold of the input you really need from colleagues. If you get moving now, you have half a chance of reaching them in time—so finally, your gears creak into action.(8) To make the costs of action feel smaller :(9) Identify the first step. Sometimes we're just daunted by the task we're avoiding. We might have "learnt French" on our to-do list, but who can slot that into the average afternoon? The trick here is to break down big, amorphous tasks into baby steps that you don't feel as effortful. Even better: identify the very smallest first step, something that's so easy that even your present-biased brain can see that the benefits outweigh the costs of effort. So instead of "learn French" you might decide to "email Nicole to ask advice on learning French. " Achieve that small goal, and you'll feel more motivated to take the next small step than if you'd continued to beat yourself up about your lack of language skills.(10) Tie the first step to a treat. We can make the cost of effort feel even smaller if we link that small step to something we're actually looking forward to doing. In other words, tie the task that we're avoiding to something that we're not avoiding. For example, you might allow yourself to read lowbrow magazines or books when you're at the gym, because the guilty pleasure helps dilute your brain's perception of the short-term "cost" of exercising. Likewise, you might muster the self-discipline to complete a slippery task if you promise yourself you'll do it in a nice cafe with a favorite drink in hand.(11) Remove the hidden blockage. Sometimes we find ourselves returning to a task repeatedly, still unwilling to take the first step. We hear a little voice in our head saying, "Yeah, good idea, but...no. " At this point, we need to ask that voice some questions, to figure out what's really making it unappealing to take action. This doesn't necessarily require psychotherapy. Patiently ask yourself a few "why" questions—"why does it feel tough to do this?" and "why's that?"—and the blockage can surface quite quickly. Often, the issue is that a perfectly noble competingcommitment is undermining your motivation. For example, suppose you were finding it hard to stick to an early morning goal-setting routine. A few "whys" might highlight that the challenge stems from your equally strong desire to eat breakfast with your family. Once you've made that conflict more explicit, it's far more likely you'll find a way to overcome it—perhaps by setting your daily goals the night before, or on your commute into work.(12) So the next time you find yourself mystified by your inability to get important tasks done, be kind to yourself. Recognize that your brain needs help if it's going to be less short-sighted. Try taking at least one step to make the benefits of action loom larger, and one to make the costs of action feel smaller. Your languishing to-do list will thank you.6.According to Para. 1, which of the following behavior belongs to procrastination?7.What does the word "upside" in Para. 2 mean?8.It can NOT be inferred from the passage that________.9.Which rhetorical device is used in "...nudge us to bite the bullet" in Para.6?Passage Three(1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy. " Nearly everyone has skills or assets they can exploit in their spare time to boost their income—or save money by using one of a new wave of technology-driven services.(2) The market for everything from renting out a spare room or parking space for cash to selling hobby crafts or skills over the Internet is expanding rapidly. Now worth ￡500 million a year, it is expected to grow to ￡9 billion by 2025. Here is how you can participate.PROFIT FROM PROPERTY(3) If you have a spare room in your home, a drive that sits empty or even a garden shed with space not crammed with debris, then there are opportunities to make these dead spaces earn money by finding people who need a room or storage.(4) You can find lodgers through an online marketplace such as gumtree or other online services such as Weroom, mondaytofriday, SpareRoom and EasyRoommate. For those who do not fancy a full-time lodger, then there is the holidaymaker market—with Airbnb and Wimdu among the main options for renting out a room part-time.(5) Homes can also be rented out for film and photography shoots, earning owners between ￡700 and ￡3,000 a day. Location agencies include Shootfactory,Lavish Locations and Amazing Space. Growing demand for space from companies wanting to organize meetings or bonding sessions with fellow workers, who perhaps normally work from home, is another potential gig.(6) A property can prove a valuable asset when offsetting the cost of a holiday. By swapping with other homeowners you can get a free holiday almost anywhere in the world—or earn rental for a home while away. Among the best known of the home-swapping websites are Home Base Holidays, HomeLink, homeforexchange, HomeExchange and Love Home Swap.(7) To rent out your home instead of swapping, consider onefinestay, which does all the hard graft—from preparing your property to rent with toiletries and bed linen, to cleaning once the guests have gone.(8) It is possible to make even the smallest spaces earn their keep by renting outa loft, cupboard, cellar or garden shed to someone needing to store items.(9) Garages and driveways can also be great money-spinners if rented out to drivers wanting an affordable and convenient place to park. According to parking website JustPark, it is possible to earn ￡800 a year on average for a driveway, although in-demand spots near railway stations or music and sports venues can generate ￡3,000 a year.CASH IN ON CARS(10) The average cost of driving a car in London works out at ￡20 an hour, according to car sharing network Zipcar. Its sums take into account the fact a car tends to sit on a drive (or road) for 96 per cent of its lifetime and includes unavoidable bills such as road tax, maintenance, depreciation and insurance.(11) Drivers only actually use their vehicles for 182 hours a year. By giving up car ownership altogether and joining a service such as Zipcar, you can pay as you go, paying ￡5 to ￡10 an hour (plus a membership fee of ￡6 a month or ￡59. 50 a year). You have to be disciplined though, as bringing a motor back late incurs a ￡35 fee.(12) If you prefer to be an owner but want to cut costs, think about hiring out your car to a service such as RideLink. Similar in concept to Zipcar, its fleet is made up of vehicles belonging to thousands of car owners. The difference is that owners set their own prices and renters can often find better value deals than from mainstream hire firms. Car sharing is another boom area where drivers cut journey costs by offering passengers lifts in return for a payment towards fuel costs.(13) Because drivers do not make a profit on such arrangements, it should not impact on motor cover—but check with your insurer first. Mat Gazely knows a thing or two about the gig economy, working for Zopa, one of the biggest players in the peer-to-peer lending market. Such lending allows individuals with spare cash to lend itdirectly to other people at rates far more attractive than they would receive by depositing cash in a bank or building society savings account.TIME IS MONEY(14) Those who have some free time can use their bike to generate extra income. In London, for example, restaurant delivery service Deliveroo employs scores of cyclists and scooter owners to pick up orders from outlets that do not offer their own takeaway service. The pay is ￡6 an hour plus ￡1 per delivery. New arrival, London-based Pedals, also recruits cyclists for delivery jobs posted online that they can pick to fit in with their normal journeys.(15) An alternative is community delivery service Nimber. It connects people wanting items delivered with so-called "bringers"—those who can carry a package while on the move. This means you can earn cash, negotiated online with the sender, by delivering, for example, on a daily commute to work.(16) Over-18s with a mobile phone and handyman skills can consider TaskRabbit,a peer-to-peer website that puts odd-jobbers in touch with those who need tasks done. Once a request for a task is posted, hourly rates are listed for the "taskers" considered most qualified for your job and the buyer chooses.(17) For those with professional skills, such as web design, legal or marketing nous, there is People Per Hour. The website advertises a variety of freelance roles—with job-seekers negotiating directly with the buyer. Those who have an artistic bent and enjoy making things can expand beyond craft fairs by using Etsy, an online marketplace for all things handmade.(18) The instant gratification provided by the gig sector is allowing thousands of participants to convert time into money—but it can be tricky for those whose gig experience takes off to know their responsibilities in terms of financial management, insurance and tax.(19) One key area to watch when joining the gig economy is insurance, especially when renting out areas of your home and property. Brian Brown, at insurance analyst Defaqto, says: "It is likely many kinds of claim will not be paid if an insurer didn't know about a change in circumstance. "(20) " For instance, if you allow someone to use your drive your insurer might exclude certain things, such as damage to fencing or from the leaking of fuel from their vehicle on to your drive. " He also says renting out rooms through Airbnb will most likely mean that any theft or accidental damage claim will be excluded.(21) Humphrey Bowles, of Belong Safe—a provider of insurance with its eyes set on the gig sector—says: "The solutions so far sit with a homesharing website's ' guarantees. ' Many hosts may believe they have insurance when they sign upbecause of the guarantees mentioned and use of phrases such as ‘ peace of mind.’ But in the terms and conditions for Airbnb, for example, it includes wording such as ' Airbnb strongly encourages you to purchase separate insurance that will cover you and your property for losses caused by guests' and ' the entire risk...remains with you.'"(22) Belong Safe, Bowles believes, can alleviate such concerns, allowing hosts to buy cover by the day, when a guest is staying, and covers all risks. Underwritten by insurer Hiscox, it costs from 78 pence a day outside London and up to ￡4 a day in London. One drawback is that the excess is a hefty ￡1,000.(23) Mortgage lenders may also get a bit twitchy with homeowners if they find out they have been letting a room without telling them. In theory, they can call in the loan. David Hollingworth, mortgage broker at London and Country in Bath, says: " With lodgers, a lender will want to receive a ' consent,' so the lodger understands they have no rights if the property is repossessed. "(24) With short-term lets such as Airbnb, it is more of a grey area. He says: "This is something most lenders haven't caught up with yet. Homeowners will find some will be more amenable than others. "10. What does "gig economy" in Para. 1 mean?11. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the author if you have a spare room?12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?13Which category of writing does the passage belong to?14What is the role of the 18th paragraph in the development of the passage?二，简答题Passage One15. What does the word "cream" in Para. 3 refer to?16. What does the author truly want to get from living in a farm?Passage Two17. According to the author, what is the reason for procrastination?18. What does the author mean by saying "Tie the first step to a treat. " in Para. 10?19. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? Passage Three20. What should people joining the gig economy keep an eye on?21. What is the main idea of the last seven paragraphs?22. Whom do you think this passage is addressed to?答案：1. 推理判断题。

英语专业八级考试模拟试题（二）（2）

PART III READING COMPREHENSIONS In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet. TEXT A Such joy. It was the spring of 1985, and President Reagan had just given Mother Teresa the Medal of Freedom in a Rose Garden ceremony. As she left, she walked down the corridor between the Oval Office and the West Wing drive, and there she was, turning my way. What a sight: a saint in a sari coming down the White House hall. As she came nearer, I could not help it: I bowed. "Mother", I said, "I just want to touch your hand." She looked up at me —— it may have been one of Gods subtle jokes that his exalted child spent her life looking up to everyone else —— and said only two words. Later I would realize that they were the message of her mission. "Luff Gott," she said. Love God. She pressed into my hand a poem she had written, as she glided away in a swoosh of habit. I took the poem from its frame the day she died. It is free verse, 79 lines, and is called "Mothers Meditation (in the Hospital)." In it she reflects on Christs question to his apostles: "Who do you say I am?" She notes that he was the boy born in Bethlehem," put in the manager full of straw…… kept warm by the breath of the donkey," who grew up to be "an ordinary man without much learning." Donkeys are not noble; straw is common; and it was among the ordinary and ignoble, the poor and sick, that she chose to labor. Her mission was for them and among them, and you have to be a pretty tough character to organize a little universe that exists to help people other people arent interested in helping. Thats how she struck me when I met her as I watched her life. She was tough. There was the worn and weathered face, the abrupt and definite speech. We think saints are great organizers, great operators, great combatants in the world. Once I saw her in a breathtaking act of courage. She was speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington in 1995. All the Washington Establishment was there, plus a few thousand born-again Christians, orthodox Catholics and Jews, and searchers looking for a faith. Mother Teresa was introduced, and she spoke of God, of love, of families. She said we must love one another and care for one another. There were great purrs of agreement. But as the speech continued it became more pointed. She asked, "Do you do enough to make sure your parents, in the old peoples homes, feel your love? Do you bring then each day your joy and caring?" The baby boomers in the audience began to shift in their seats. And she continued. "I feel that the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion," she said, and then she told them why, in uncompromising term. For about 1.3 seconds there was complete silence, then applause built and swept across the room. But not everyone: the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore, looked like seated statues at Madame Tussauds, glistening in the lights and moving not a muscle. She didnt stop there either, but went on to explain why artificial birth control is bad and why Protestants who separate faith from works are making a mistake. When she was finished, there was almost no one she hadnt offended. A US Senator turned to his wife and said, "Is my jaw up yet?" Talk about speaking truth to power! But Mother Teresa didnt care, and she wasnt afraid. The poem she gave me included her personal answers to Christs question. She said he is "the Truth to be told…… the Way to be walked…… the Light to be lit." She took her own advice and lived a whole life that showed it. 36. Who was the exalted child? A) Mother Teresa. B) the author. C) I. D) God. 37. Who raised the question "who do you say I am?" A) the apostle. B) Christ. C) Mother Teresa. D) she. 38. Which of the following is not a quality of Mother Teresa? A) tough. B) definite. C) ethereal. D) like a steam-roller. 39. Why did the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore look like seated statues at the Madame Tussaud's? A) Because they didn't love Madame Tussaud. B) Because they didn't like to move. C) Because they were VIP. D) Because they didn't quite agree with Mother Teresa over the issue of abortion. 40. According to Mother Teresa, abortion is ____ A) one of Protestant works. B) one of Protestant faith. C) one of the Truths. D) not one of Protestant works TEXT B Since the Titanic vanished beneath the frigid waters of the North Atlantic 85 years ago, nothing in the hundreds of booksand films about the ship has ever hinted at a connection to Japan —— until now. Director James Camerons 200 million epic Titanic premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival last Saturday. Among the audience for a glimpse of Hollywoods costliest film ever descendants of the liners only Japanese survivor. The newly rediscovered diary of Masabumi Hosono has Titanic enthusiasts in a frenzy. The document is scrawled in 4,300 Japanese character on a rare piece of RMS Titanic stationery. Written as the Japanese bureaucrat steamed to safety in New York aboard the ocean liner Carpathia, which rescued 706 survivors, the account and other documents released by his grandchildren last week offer a fresh —— and poignant —— reminder of the emotional wreckage left by the tragedy. Hosono, then 42 and an official at Japans Transportation Ministry, was studying railway networks in Europe. He boarded the Titanic in Southampton, en route home via the US. According to Hosonos account, he was awakened by a "loud knock" on the door of his second-class deck with the steerage passengers. Hosono tried to race back upstairs, but a sailor blocked his way. The Japanese feigned ignorance and pushed past. He arrived on deck to find lifeboats being lowered into darkness, flares bursting over the ship and an eerie human silence. He wrote:" Not a single passenger would howl or scream." Yet Hosono was screaming inside. Women were being taken to lifeboats and men held back at gunpoint. "I tried to prepare myself for the last moment with no agitation, making up my mind not to do anything disgraceful as a Japanese," he wrote. "But still I found myself looking for and waiting for any possible chance of survival." Then an officer shouted, "Room for two more!" Hosono recalled:" I myself was deep in desolate thought that I would no more be able to see my beloved wife and children." Then he jumped into the boat. When Hosono arrived in Tokyo two months later, he was met with suspicion that he had survived at someone elses expense. The culture of shame was especially strong in prewar Japan. In the face of rumors and bad press, Hosono was dismissed from his post in 1914. He worked at the office part-time until retiring in 1923. His grandchildren say he never mentioned the Titanic again before his death in 1939. Even then, shame continued to haunt the family. In newspapers, letters and even a school textbook, Hosono was denounced as a disgrace to Japan. Readers Digest reopened the wound in 1956 with an abridged Japanese version of Walter Loads best seller. A Night to remember, which described "Anglo-Saxons" as acting bravely on the Titanic, while "Frenchmen, Italians, Americans, Japanese and Chinese were disgraceful." Citing his fathers diary, one of Hosonos sons, Hideo, launched a letter-writing campaign to restore the family name. But nobody in Japan seemed to care. The diary resurfaced last summer. A representative for a US foundation that plans to hold an exhibition of Titanic artifacts in Japan next August found Hosonos name on a passenger list. A search led him to Haruomi Hosono, a well-known composer, and to his cousin Yuruoi, Hideos daughter. She revealed that she had her grandfathers dairy as well as a collection of his letters and postcards. "I was floored," says Michael Findley, cofounder of the Titanic International Society in the US "This is a fantastic, fresh new look at the sinking and the only one written on Titanic stationery immediately after the disaster." The information allows enthusiasts to rearrange some historical minutes, such as which lifeboat Hosono jumped into. More chilling, the account confirms that the crew tried to keep foreigners and third-class passengers on the ships lower deck, effectively ensuring their name. The diary cannot correct injustice, but Hosonos family hopes it will help clear his name. The Titanic foundation also hopes to capitalize on the diary and the movie to promote its upcoming exhibition. To that end, Haruomi Hosono, the composer, has been asked to give a talk at next months public premiere of Titanic! The diary cannot, of course, match Camerons fictionalized epic for drama and intrigue. But at least Masabumi Hosonos tale really happened. 41. ______ was among the descendants of the Liner's only Japanese survivor. A) Masabumi Hosono. B) Yuriko. C) Cameron. D) RMS. 42. Why was Masabumi denounced as a disgrace to Japan? A) Because he killed some people on the Titanic. B) Because he was then an official. C) Because he was dismissed from his ministry post. D) Because the culture of shame was too strong. 43. What important role did the diary really play? A) It corrected injustice. B) It was as vivid as the movie "Titanic". C) It proved what Masabumi said was true. D) It made the Japanese believe what Masabumi had said.。

专业英语八级模拟试卷500(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷500(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：How Interpreters Work Good morning. Today I’d like to give you a brief introduction to an interpreter’s work. Generally speaking, an interpreter has to fulfill three stages during his work: the understanding of the speaker’s original message, the memorization of a speech and the re-expression of the same content in another language, with the help of some notes the interpreter writes down upon hearing the original message. The first stage is the understanding. The understanding we refer to here is not of words but of ideas, since an interpreter has to convey concepts. But what happens if an interpreter doesn’t know one word or an expression that he or she hears in a speech? First of all we can underline that an interpreter can understand a speaker’s meaning without actually understanding every single word and expression used. There are other occasions, however, where a word is too important to be left out. ff the interpreter does not know a key word, there can be problems. But after hearing the whole speech, he or she should be able to deduce the meaning of it from the context, given the numbers of clues they have. Moreover, interpreters cannot be expected to be encyclopaedic dictionaries, and they must accept that there are times when they do not know a word or an idiomatic expression. In a situation of direct contact with the delegates, the interpreter must admit his or her ignorance and, if necessary, clarify the question with the delegates. On the other hand, the interpreter does not have the right to guess at meanings in order to hide a normally possible, even if embarrassing, situation. Furthermore, in order to understand meaning without knowing all the lexical items, and to be able to deduce from context, interpreters must in any case have a thorough knowledge of their working languages in order to understand the ideas of a speech, an interpreter needs to get familiar with different kinds of texts. They can present logical arguments showing both points of view on a question before arriving at a synthetic conclusion,they can be a sequence of logical deductions leading to an obvious conclusion according to the speaker’s point of view, and they may simply be descriptive, focusing on an event, a scene or a situation. What follows is the identification of the main ideas. In order to understanda message, an interpreter has to identify the main ideas and give them their proper relevance in the interpretation. And, owing to the intrinsic difficulty of a speech or to the speaker’s speed, he or she might be forced to omit one or more elements of the original. It is clear that if the interpreter doesn’t translate some details, the interpretation will not be perfect but still adequate, whereas, if he or she misses out significant points of the discourse, the result will be a seriously flawed performance. Indeed, interpreters should be capable of providing a summary of a speech, since delegates often don’t want a detailed interpretation but only an exhaustive and precise summary of what has been said. What’s going on next in understanding phase is the analysis of links of the main ideas. A speech is not only a sequence of ideas, but also a series of ideas related to one another in a particular way. Ideas may be linked by logical consequences, logical causes, put together without cause-effect relations, and may also be expressed by a series of opposing concepts. The second stage of interpreting is the memorization of a speech. The objective is to create a telegraphic version of the discourse, and to link its different parts through its semantic-logical connections. We have different means to remember a speech. One possibility is that of internally visualizing the content of a speech and creating images in one’s mind. Specifically speaking, an interpreter needs to concentrate on ideas, not on single words,connect the main ideas to a series of numbers, and then concentrate on the links among the main ideas so as to reproduce the structure of the speech as a kind of skeleton. The third stage of interpreting is re-expression. After understanding, analyzing and memorizing, interpreters have to re-express the speech they have just heard. It must be clear that they are not required to give an academically perfect translation. Their role is to make sure the speaker is understood by the audience so real interpreters have to continue to work on their working languages, including their mother tongue, with the aim of keeping them rich, lively, effective and up-to-date. Therefore, they must be informed about the latest national or international events with the purpose of learning new terminology and also of grabbing the spirit of the era we’re living in. To this end, it is possible to suggest the following advice: First, constantly enrich one’s general vocabulary and style, through regular reading of a broad range of well-written publications in all working languages; Second, follow the press in one’s native language too, which is of particular importance for interpreters living abroad; Third,watch television, see movies, go to the theatre and listen to songs in their original language. To sum up, it’s tree that an interpreter’s work involves only three basic processes, i.e., understanding, memorization and re-expression. ‘Interpreting is a profession that is all about communication. In order to communicate well, interpreters have to “make their own speech”based on the speeches they interpret, and their speech must be faithful to the original and as accurate as possible in the above three processes.They should take advantage of all the possible resources available in their working languages in order to reach an effective, clear and elegant level of performance.How Interpreters Work? Ⅰ. Understanding A. About words and expressions —【1】______ words may be left out: 【1】______ —If not knowing a key word or expression,a)admit or clarify the question if necessary, with thedelegates.b)deduce from 【2】______ 【2】______ B. About ideas/concepts —【3】______ of different kinds of texts that 【3】______a)present logical argumentsb)present a sequence of 【4】______ 【4】______c)are descriptive, focusing on an event, a scene or a situation —identification of the main ideas —analysis of ideas linked by 【5】______ 【5】______ Ⅱ. Memorization of a speech A. Objective —to create a telegraphic version of the discourse —to link its different parts through its semantic-logical connections B. Means of memorization —concentrating on the ideas —connecting main ideas to a series of 【6】______ 【6】______ —focusing on the links among the main ideas Ⅲ. 【7】______ of the content in another language 【7】______ A. Goal: make sure the audience understand the speech. B. Suggestions: —enriching one’s general vocabulary and style —following the press in one’s native language —watching TV, see movies, etc. in the 【8】______ language 【8】______ Ⅳ. Conclusion A. Interpreting is a profession that is all about communication: —”make their own speech”【9】______ the speeches they interpret 【9】______ —be faithful to the original speech —as accurate as possible B. Interpreters should take advantage of all the possible 【10】______ available in their working languages. 【10】______1．【1】正确答案：Unimportant/Less important解析：讲座介绍口译工作的第一步理解阶段时，提到“a word is too important to be left out”，由此可推断，可以忽略的应是不重要的词语，故答案为Unimportant 或Less important。

英语TEM-8专八测试模拟卷含答案

英语TEM-8专八测试模拟卷含答案I. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentence:1. The _ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A. zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zest2. It’s a _ timetable. Sometime lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicapped3. No men was allowed to _ on the livelihood of his neighbour.A. wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringe4. The poor man’s clothes were so _ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB.raggedC.moppedD.mocked5. The scents of the flowers was _ to us by the breeze.A. interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of _.A.vagabonedB.sabotageC.paradoxD.tachyon7. The actor amused the audience by _ some well-known people.A. embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking8. The speaker _ us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A. detourB.offsetC.tantalizedD. ushered9. I assure you there was no _ motive in my suggestion.A. ulteriorB.stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic10. Government loan have been the _ of several shaky business companies.A. tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD. momentum11. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as _.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown12. We saw the canoe _ , throwing its passengers into the water.A. prostrateB. overturnC. simulateD. brag13. He has been drinking alcohol so heavily that his death severely affected and got his _ alcoholically.A. quittanceB. qualmC. quailD. quietus14. The orphanage is just one of he r_ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic15. After a period of probation a _ becomes a nun.A. sopranoB. hippie C novice D. monsieur16. Despite his wealth and position, he has an _ personality.A. unassumingB. unprecedentedC. underminingD. uncouth17. The island is maintained as a _ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mire D .heath18. If you _ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue19. A _ is a grill on which meat, fish, and other foods are cooled over hot charcoal, usually out of doors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue20. The _ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near.A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup21. When you are suffering from _ you have red spots on your skin and you feel as if you have a cold,A. apathyB. measlesC. impotenceD. schizophrenia22. Their business was war, murder, _ and rape.A. pillageB. auditC. bonanzaD. nectar23. He was brought before the _ for trial.A. tribunalB. isleC. granaryD. observatory24. The guests, having eaten until they were _ , now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contraceptedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed25. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt26. The meeting took on a different _ after his moving speech.A. presageB. postureC. travestyD. trauma27. While she had the fever, she _ for hours.A .raved B. sniggered C. tittered D. perforated28. The mice _ when the cat came.A. rambledB. lingeredC. saunteredD. scampered29. Many animals display_ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal30. On August 18th the president announced a general _ for political exiles.A. adoB. yogaC. quartetD. amnestyII. Each sentence has a xsrord or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part:31. She lived on the yonder side of the valley.A.fartherB. nearerC. eitherD. left32. Theolddouple lived in abject poverty.A. honestB. inancialpleteD.noble33. Larry was so absorbed in his novel that she forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven.A. engrossedB. enlivenedC. obligedD. excelled34. His grandfather used to be an admiral.A. a toperB. a generalC. atop naval officerD. a colonel35.She distributed gifts in a bountiful and gracious manner.A.modestB.stingyC.generousD.sparing36. I have just had a long bout of house cleaning.A. hourB. brushC.periodD. fight37. The girls braided their hair with flowers.A. plaitedB. combedC. ecoratedD. dressed38. They got in quite a brawl.A.snitB.fightC.ballyD.littering39. Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials.A.insolentB. innocentC. insomuchD. isolated40. After the storm the lake returned to its usual calm state.A. flaccidB.placidC. lucidD. acid41.Charles was in no positionto make a judicious decision.A. wiseB. courageC.restedplete42.This wood is too wet to kindle.A. chopB. carveC. dryD. burn43. The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.A. sweetB. open and frankC. casualD. discreet44. The lambs capered about in the meadow.A. stumbledB. ranC. dancedD. skipped45. Therewas a caption underneath the photograph.A. signatureB. graphC. titleD. design46. She is the most faultless person in the group.A.impeccableB.impartibleC.imminentD.impellent47.The waiter fawned on the rich customers in hopes of a large tip.A. ignoredB.sought favor fromC. sought help fromD. smiled at48. Not wishing to attend thedance, Marie feigned illness.A. infectedB. solicitedC.disguisedD. enacted49. He is one of the young lady's fervent admirers.A. ardentB. firstC. youngD. unseen50. Huey Long's denunciations of the federal government were often inspired by the fervor of his listeners.A. sizeB. curiosityC. cheerfulnessD. zeal51. Fidelity is a quality of character that is admired by most people.A. GenerosityB. ChastityC.FaithfulnessD. Wisdom52.The police will make every effort to capture the fiend who murdered the children.A.foolish personB. wicked personC. hot-headed personD.suspected person53. We found a hamlet in the deep forest with only six families.A. an empty spaceB.a cottageC.a small villageD. a tribe54. The rising prices are harassing the manufacturers and the consumers.A. to the benefit ofB. causing contradictionsC. stimulatingD. worrying55. He is always harping on lack of opportunity.A. talking tiresomely aboutB. talking rapidly aboutC. talking loudly aboutD. talking widely about56. Because the details of the project were rather hazy, we decided to reject the proposal.A. dubiousB. unobtainableC. lucrativeD. vague57.If Mr. Jones had known that she were a criminal, he would never have aided or helpedher in any way.A. curtailedB. repelledC.abetted .D.surfeited58. In front of the house is a small lake hemmed in by thick leafy trees.A. viewedB. blockedC. lined up withD.surrounded59. He refused to see anyone and remained a hermit all his life.A. hereticB. fugitiveC.recluseD. veteran60. She wants to hitch her trailer to your car.A. wreckB. hatchC.connectD. thatch61. Does he love his wealthy mother or only pretend fo mercenary reasons?A. personalB. unexplainedC. instinctD.selfish62. Pick up that mess of dirty clothes and have them washed.A. clutterB.clusterC. clatterD. cloister63. His joke caused mirth in the audience.A. misunderstandingB. confusionughterD. reaction64.A person's miscellaneous expenses include stamps and haircuts.A. foodB.varied monorC. additionalD. annual65. With alittle care you coulci have avoided the mishap.A.accidentB. defeatC. misunderstandingD. riot66. He ushered me to my seat at once.A.guidedB. preservedC. adheredD. engaged67. In winter, many homeless vagabonds prefer to live in prisonather than to live in the open.A. childrenB.wandersC. criminalsD. unemployed workers68.Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sage.A.philosopherB.biographerC.geologistD.geographer69. A concert was given in the saloon of the ship.A. deck houseB. conference roomC.passenger cabinD. bar-room70. Typifcally, ocean reefs teem with fish.A. swarm withB. are slimy withC. are poisonous toD. are uninhabited byIII. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.A) alumnus swivel console raisin cogitate devolve efface verdant glint bikini71. The colleges all have well-kept _ lawns.72. One-piece swimming costumes are more fashionable than _ this year.73. To be a good manager, you must know how to _ responsibility downwards.74. The whole country had tried to _ the memory of the old dictatorship.75. She _ her chair round and stared out across the back lawn.76. He tried to _ her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.77. For breakfast I have porridge made with water, to which I add _.78. The stream _ upon the moonlight.79. I was just _ upon the meaning of life.80. Several famous _ have agreed to help raise money for the school's restoration fund.B) siphon skid invoice pantomime elf malnutrition tarmac syrup consummate81. In fairy stories, _ are small magical beings who play tricks on people,82. She puts a piece of plastic tubing in her mouth and starts _ as form a huge metal drum.83. Three planes were standing on the _.84. The vegetable curry is served with rice and _.85. The car pulled up toofast and _ on the dusty shoulder of the road.86. _ is an amusing musical play, and is also used to mean mime.87. All the parts have been taken from stock but they need to be _ before shipping.88. Having agreed a price through the computer, the customers own machine can then automatically produce an invoice to _ the deal.89. She always has prune in _ for breakfast.90. Many thousands of refugees have already died from _.C) gore syllabus finale whereupon hooligan skulk tartan skimp ramp paragon91. All the dancers come on stage during the grand _.92. Which modern novels are on the _ this year?93. Many families must _ on their food and other necessities just to meet the monthly rent.94. _ is mainly associated with Scotland.95. The bullfighter was almost _ to death.96. I thought I saw someone in the bushes-perhaps we should call the police.97. _ had sprayed paint all over the car.98. To get to the cinema foyer, you have to push the wheelchair up the _.99. The author seems to view the British system as a _ of democracy.100.I told her she looked fat, _ she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears.参考答案：I. 1～10 BADDB BDCAB 11～20 ABDBC ABADB21～30 BAABB BADDDII. 31～40 ACACC CABAB 41～50 ADBDC ABCAD51～60 CBCDA DCDCC 61～70 DACBA ABADAIII. 71.verdant 72.bikinis 73.devolve 74 . efface 75 . swivelled76.console 77.raisins 78.glinted 79.cogitating 80.alumni81.elves 82.siphoning 83.tarmac 84.lentils 85.skidded86 . Pantomime 87 . invoiced 88.consummate 89.syrup 90 . mulnutrition 91.finale 92.syllabus 93.skimp 94.Tartan 95. gored96. skulking 97. Hooligans 98. ramp 99. paragon 100. whereupon。

专业英语八级模拟试卷440(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷440(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Creativity Environment We have discussed so far how we can organise our classroom work to incorporate the four features of creativity, and how we can add the essential element of creative thinking to our language learning activities. In this lecture, we will discuss fostering a creative environment. To understand more what kind of classroom environment we need to create to foster our learners’creativity, now we need to explore the question of what we actually do when we are being creative. Here I’ll refer to a researcher named Roger von Oech. Mr. Oech distinguishes four main roles in creative thinking and calls them the Explorer, the Artist, the Judge and the Warrior. What does he mean by these metaphors? What kind of thinking do they personify? No. 1, The Explorer. The Explorer is our role for searching for new information and resources. The Explorer reads books, magazines, talks to people, goes out, looks around and collects things, goes to the library and goes on-line. In short, the Explorer collects materials and information. No. 2, [1] The Artist. The Artist is our role for turning these resources and information into new ideas. People often limit creativity to this thinking function, though without the other three, it can not create anything but beautiful bubbles of fancy ideas. No. 3, The Judge. The Judge is our role for evaluating the merits of an idea and deciding what to do. Our Judge will tell us which of our ideas best meets the objective and which one is feasible within the constraints of resources, time and talent. No. 4, [2] The Warrior. The Warrior is our role for carrying our idea into action. The Warrior will carry out the plan the Judge selected from the ideas the Artist came up with, using the materials and information collected by the Explorer. These thinking roles are present in all of us, but some may be more developed and pronounced than the others. We may find that we love to perform one of the roles, but do not like another one. Based on these thinking functions that need to be performed during a creative task, what kind of classroom environment do we need to create and how shall we organise the creative process? No. 1, The Explorer needs to get to the information and resources they need. Ideally, they can go to the library, go on-line, talk to each otherand the teacher, make interviews, collect things, and so on. If resources are not available in the school, the teacher can organise the process in a way that makes it possible for learners to do research outside the school, for example in the afternoon. In the classroom, [3] knowing or not knowing something becomes less important. The important thing for the learner is to have the skill of finding the information and resources needed. It also means that the teacher is no longer seen as the provider of knowledge and information, he or she is considered more as the facilitator of the process. No. 2, The Artist needs to work un-judged. Passing judgement too early stops the flow of ideas. So [4] both the teacher and the learners need to suspend judgement-completely for the period when we want learners to come up with ideas. Here I have a Nobel Prize winning chemist Linus Pauling. Mr. Pauling said, “The best way to get a good idea is to get lots of ideas.” French philosopher Emil Chattier came to a similar conclusion though the direction of his thoughts seems to be just the opposite, “Nothing is more dangerous than an idea when it’s the only one you have.”While the first quotation reminds us that we need to be patient and wait until the really good idea comes to us, the second warns us of the dangers of being obsessed by one idea we judge is the best. So we need to make sure that learners have enough un-judged time for coming up with a good number of ideas. No. 3, [5] When it’s the Judge’s turn at last, they need to be sure that nobody is looking for one preset and right answer, but they can genuinely judge the possibilities themselves. We need to set open-ended tasks to our learners and give them the freedom of choice. [6] We may also need to help our learners to set their criteria for evaluating ideas. No. 4, The Warrior needs time, space and perhaps some tools. Actively doing something with other people may not be possible within the old classroom arrangement of students sitting in rows turning their backs on each other. If possible, ask learners to sit in a circle or sit around a table. With their comments and evaluation, teachers need to encourage individuality, questioning and changing rules. The first thing teachers should pay attention to is timing. Timing needs to be carefully thought out. There are two kinds of timing. The first one is unlimited time, that is inner, personal time. This kind of timing is needed for lateral (not focused) thinking and for reflection. [7] The second timing is limited time, that is time controlled from outside, for example, through flexible time limits. This kind of timing is needed for brainstorming, selecting the best idea, making decisions, researching and actions. The second thing is task assignment. When we plan a creative activity, we may wish to give different learners different tasks matching the thinking roles. [8] We may want to give them a chance to act in their best roles, or we may want to challenge them and give them a role that we think they need to practise. No matter how we decide, we need to bear it in mind that all these roles need to be performed, so we can only guarantee success if we make sure these roles are all present consciously or unconsciously in any group we set up for a creative activity. We may also find it useful to break down a more complex activity into tasks matching these roles. The third thing is celebration. [9] The positive and relaxed atmosphere needed for creative thinking is reinforced by establishing a tradition of celebrating students’work and performance. Clapping, praising, giving awards or smiling faces will strengthen positive attitudes in learners,because those signals tell the learner that you and their peers appreciate their work and achievement. To finish, [10] let me quote Neil Postman, He says, “Children enter school as question marks and leave school as periods.”[10] In his opinion, schools turn out people who have lost their innate interest in the world, who forgot to ask questions and cannot think for themselves, or change their minds any more. I’m sure this is not how we would like to think about our work or the result of our work. Making sure that we provide our learners with the opportunity of thinking and acting creatively in our lessons, we will make a step towards invalidating Postman’s often justified opinion. To do this, I wish that you find good resources, have lots of original ideas, form accurate judgements and are able to call on a great reserve of stamina to make it all happen.Creativity Environment I. What we do in creative thinkingA. The Explorer —our role for collecting materials and informationB. (1) —our role for turning materials and information into (1)______new ideasC. The Judge —our role for evaluating the merits and feasibility of an ideaD. The Warrior —our role for carrying (2) into action (2)______II. What kind of classroom environment we needA. Making resources available1. In the school or outside the school2. Focusing more on the skill of (3) man on knowing or not knowing (3 )______something3. Teacher is not only the provider of knowledge and information, but the facilitator of the process.B. Letting students work un-judged.1. Suspending (4) completely for the whole Artist period (4)______2. Giving learners enough un-judged time to get lots of ideasC. Not presetting (5) (5)______1. Setting open-ended tasks and giving learners the freedom of choice2. Helping learners to learn about how to (6) (6)______D. Rearranging the classroom and timeIII. Teachers’ responsibilitiesA. Timing1. Unlimited time, which is inner, personal, for lateral thinking and for reflection2. Limited time, which is controlled from (7) for focused (7)______thinking, researching and actionsB. task assignment1. Giving learners a chance to act in (8) (8)______2. Or giving learners a role that we think they need to practise3. As for a more complex activity, breaking it down into tasks matching the rolesC. Celebration. Helping to reinforce the (9) atmospherre needed for (9)______creative thinkingIV. SummaryA. Neil Postman: schools deprive students of (10) in the world. (10)______B. We should try to invalidate Postman’s opinion.1．正确答案：The Artist解析：本讲座旨在讨论如何营造一个创造性的环境(fostering a creativeenvironment)，探究的第一个问题就是当我们处于创造性思考之中时我们都在做什么(what we actually do when weare being creative)。

专八模拟试题及答案

专八模拟试题及答案一、听力理解1. 短对话理解听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the man's major?答案：The man's major is Computer Science.- 问题二：Why does the woman suggest going to the library?答案：The woman suggests going to the library because it is quiet and conducive to studying.2. 长对话理解听下面一段较长的对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main topic of the conversation?答案：The main topic of the conversation is about the upcoming job interview.- 问题二：What advice does the man give to the woman?答案：The man advises the woman to dress professionally and to arrive early for the interview.二、阅读理解1. 阅读理解A阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the author's opinion on the importance of a balanced diet?答案：The author believes that a balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health.- 问题二：According to the passage, what are the benefits of eating vegetables?答案：Eating vegetables provides essential nutrients and helps prevent certain diseases.2. 阅读理解B阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main purpose of the text?答案：The main purpose of the text is to discuss the impact of technology on education.- 问题二：How does the author view the role of technology in classrooms?答案：The author views the role of technology in classrooms as a tool that can enhance learning experiences.三、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从所给的选项中选出最佳选项填空：- 空格一：The company has been __________ for its innovative products.选项：A) recognized B) criticized C) ignored D) forgotten 答案：A) recognized- 空格二：Despite the challenges, she remained __________ throughout the project.选项：A) optimistic B) indifferent C) skeptical D) pessimistic答案：A) optimistic四、翻译将下列句子从中文翻译成英文：- 句子一：随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。

专业英语八级模拟试卷565(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷565(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Good morning, everybody. Today we are going to talk about how big companies manage to keep their ad vantages. The title for this lecture can be “How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge”. A research shows that no company can succeed today by trying to be all things to all people. It must in stead find the unique value that it alone can deliver to a chosen market. We have identified three distinct value disciplines. We name the first value discipline operational excellence, the second discipline product leadership, and the last discipline customer intimacy. Choosing one discipline to master does not mean that a company aban dons the other two, only that it picks a dimension of value on which to stake its market reputation over the long term. Now let’s look at these disciplines one by one. The first value discipline, as we just mentioned, is operational excellence. These companies mainly win through cost. Operationally excellent companies deliver a combination of quality, price, and ease of purchase that no one else in their market can match. They are not product or service innovators, nor do they cultivate one-to-one relationships with customers. They execute extraordinarily well, and their proposition to customers is guaranteed low price or convenient service, or both. Let me give you an example. Price/Costco is a chain of warehouse club stores. It doesn’t provide a particularly rich selection of merchandise--only 3,500 items, vs. 50,000 or more in competing stores. But as a customer, you don’t have to spend much time deliberating over what brand of coffee or home appliance to select. Price/Costco saves you that hassle by choosing for you. The company carries out rigorous evaluation of leading brands and shrewd purchasing of just the one brand in each category that represents the best value. That is a good idea, isn’t it? Well, now let’s move on to the second value discipline, which we call product leadership. Companies that follow this discipline usually win with great products. These companies concentrate on offering products with a continuously improving performance. Their proposition to customers is an offer of the best product, period. Moreover, product leaders do not build their positions with just one innovations they continue to innovate year after year, product cycle after productcycle. Then how can a company continuously put forward new great products? To do this, they usually have to challenge themselves in three ways. First, they must be creative. Being creative means recognizing and embracing ideas that may come from anywhere, both in and out of the company. Second, they must commercialise their ideas quickly. Third and the most important, they must firmly pursue ways to surpass their own latest products or services. If anyone is going to render their technology obsolete, they prefer to do it themselves. OK, it’s probably time to talk about the third discipline. You see, we call it customer intimacy just now, and many companies do win through customer intimacy. A company that delivers value via customer intimacy builds bonds with customers like those between good neighbours. Customer-intimate companies don’t deliver what the market wants but what a specific customer wants. The customer-intimate company regard it important to know the people it sells to and the products and services they need. It continually tailors its products and services and does so at reasonable prices. Its proposition is.. “We get you the best total solution.”The custom- er-intimate company’s greatest asset is its customers’loyalty. Customers don’t have to be attracted through expensive advertising and promotion. Customer-intimate companies don’t pursue transactions; they cultivate relationships. They are adept at giving the customer more than he or she expects. By constantly upgrading offerings, customer-intimate companies stay ahead of customers’rising expectations--expectations that, by the way, they themselves create. Cable ~ Wireless, a long-distance carrier, is a good example of a company that is better than most at building relationships that pay off in repeat sales from loyal customers. OK, now to sum up. Today we mainly discussed three value disciplines that can help companies to develop and keep their advantages. The first discipline, operational excellence, requires a company to win through cost. It has to try its best to provide customers with the most convenient products or services and, while doing this, try to keep its cost to the minimum. The second discipline, product leadership, requires a company to win through great product. The company has to make continuous efforts to update its products or services. Their advantage is not price or service, but the latest technology. The last discipline, customer intimacy, demands a company to win through close customer relation. The company has to study its customers thoroughly, and pro vide them with the most suitable product or service. Despite the specialization required of market leaders, we regularly come across managers who don’t buy the idea of having to narrow their operational focus. To these managers we say that if you decide to play an average game, don’t expect to become a market leader. Choosing a discipline is the choice of winners. OK, I think it’s time for us to wind up our lecture. We really hope that this lecture can give you some idea. Thank you!How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge Research finds that there are three methods with which big companies keep their advantages, and researchers name them three different value disciplines.1) Discipline of【1】_____Excellence: 【1】_____The company wins through cost.These companies usually try to provide customers with【2】_____and 【2】_____easy service, or both. They may also try their best to cut cost.Price/Costco is an example.2) Discipline of Product【3】_____:【3】_____This kind of companies usually win with product.These companies attract customers mainly by continuously【4】_____their product or services. 【4】_____In order to achieve this purpose, they have to challenge themselves in three ways:a) They must be【5】_____ ; 【5】_____b) They must commercialize their 【6】_____ quickly; 【6】_____c) They must keep【7】_____ 【7】_____3) Discipline of Customer Intimacy:Companies of this kind mainly win with intimate【8】_____ 【8】_____Intimate customer relation is like the relation between closeneighbours. These companies usually try to provide what a particularcustomer wants rather than what the【9】_____ wants in general. 【9】_____These companies regard it important to understand customers andtheir need. 【10】_____ is the greatest assets to these companies. What they value is 【10】_____not instant profit, but relationships.Cable & Wireless is an example of this type of companies.1．【1】正确答案：operational2．【2】正确答案：low price3．【3】正确答案：leadership4．【4】正确答案：improve/better/enhance5．【5】正确答案：creative/innovative6．【6】正确答案：product7．【7】正确答案：offering better products/providing better products/producing better products8．【8】正确答案：customer relation/relation with customers9．【9】正确答案：market10．【10】正确答案：Customer loyaltySECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：W: Jacob Yount, along with his wife and business partner, Leeds, are the founders of JLmade, a Suzhou-based company that helps manufacture promotional items for major Western brands. Hello, welcome to our show, Mr. Yount. So you graduated from university in the U.S., and almost right after, came to China. What encouraged you to make such a drastic move? Did you know a lot about China before you left?M: I think you might have known more than me, Tom. I had commencement ceremony, graduation, and the next day I was on a plane to China.W: My biggest questions are not so much about opening up your own business, but about doing it in China. Are you a wholly owned foreign enterprise or do you share the business with a Chinese business partner? What is it like opening up your own business in China?M: We’re not a wholly-owned foreign enterprise. We’re a Hong Kong company and a Chinese company. I am partners with my wife, who is native Chinese. (1) The Chinese ends of the company deals with the administration while the invoicing and profit are done from the Hong Kong end. Representative offices in China are getting tighter and tighter, it’s not as easy to hire and fire people, and set up your administration. (1) When we first registered, it was tough. It was Leeds, my wife, who went around from office to office figuring out what papers to get. It was a headache, but it wasn’t impossible. There would be whole days where we would just try to figure out how to get the internet hooked up. Everyday was almost a little mountain to climb, small administrative tasks turned into things that were probably a big waste of time. (1) I wish social media would have been available in 2004 when we started as it is now. Back then I didn’t have Twitter, and Linkedln, and blogs to network with the Western side of the world. We used fax back then. I remember meeting a lot of clients just by cold faxing them. The fact that my wife is Chinese made all this possible. I couldn’t imagine being a foreigner and trying to do it all myself. (1) But, registering the Hong Kong company was a piece of cake. You justhave a meeting with an accountant and you can get incorporated. Most foreigners have some kind of Hong Kong incorporation if they are doing business in China.W: What does your company, JLmade, do?M: We work with distributors, mainly in the promotional product industry. The distributors then sell to the big brands. So for example, we sell a lot indirectly to Canadian Club. But we don’t work with Canadian Club, we work with their suppliers. Some big famous brands that we have served are Universal Pictures and Sol Beer, a Mexican beer company. A big company in the States doesn’t want to be up late at night dealing with a Chinese factory and making payments abroad; so they hire a distributor, who hires us to make manufacturing in China possible. We set up manufacturing for things as big as a surf board down to a winter cap. We’re industry specific, we work a lot in the alcohol and entertainment industries, and even some pharmaceuticals.W: (2) Do you have any advice for someone considering opening up their own business in China?M: The one thing is to have solid, solid, solid people on your team. I can’t stress that enough. I know it sounds like the obvious, but nothing over here is obvious. Don’t assume anything. It is so hard to find staff that are loyal, has your vision, and will stay with you the whole time. Let’s say you’re a foreigner starting your own business in China. You’re going to need a Chinese business partner. You are going to need Chinese people to help you do all your work. And it’s crucial, direly important, to have solid, solid people. If it wasn’t for Leeds, I don’t know what I would be doing. Keeping a solid staff, one that is really on your team, isn’t easy. I think when foreigners come to China they know it’s going to be a different culture, but they don’t realize to the extent how different the mindset is. The thinking about authority, the thinking about respect, is just completely different over here. Even how Chinese employees interact with their boss on a daily basis is different.W: Chinese is a tough language. Did you know any Mandarin before you left? How much do you use Mandarin for your everyday business dealings? Have you ever had any misunderstandings that have caused problems?M: I did not know any Mandarin before I left. In everyday business dealings, I use Mandarin close to zero. It’s not that I am lazy speaker; it’s just that when money is on the line and I am getting ready to make a deal, it’s not time to get cute and start practicing my Chinese. When I go to a Chinese factory, I’ll use Chinese in the introductions and to make some small talk. I mostly use Chinese when I am out by myself, or I am in my wife’s hometown, in which case I have to use all Chinese. (3) I think I speak more than survival Chinese. I just can’t sit there and talk about the ins and outs of a plastic mold with a Chinese factory. But I can go out and have a general conversation in Mandarin. In terms of miscommunication, I see lots of miscommunication Chinese to Chinese. When you use proverbs to talk about things in a round-about way, and not the straight facts, things don’t always come out as expected. One thing I’ve learned is that you need to pick and choose your battles. You are not going to win every argument.W: Overall, how has your experience been working with Chinese factories?M: For the most part I would say you need to be very alert, very cautious. (4) You can’t necessarily trust them to do the right thing, or at least the right thing from a Western point of view. They make choices based on what benefits them. You are never as big as you think you are to your factories. You can’tscare a Chinese factory by saying you are going to take your business elsewhere; they don’t really care because there is so much business here.W: Moving forward, do you expect to stay in this business, this industry? Where do you see yourself next year?M: (5) So our goal is to move to the States and open an office, so we can go visit our buyers. We do everything over here with social media, blogging, telephone, but we’ve hit a glass ceiling because we can’t visit our customers in person. I think trust has always been one of the shortcomings because I have always just been in China. I want to be able to get on a plane and go visit a buyer in Boston, for example. We’ll still have the Chinese office open; we just want to make a more fluid supply chain in service from China to the U.S. W: Nice talking to you, Jacob. Thank you so much for sharing with us your business experience and views.M: My pleasure.11．Which is INCORRECT according to Jacob Yount about his business in China?A．The Chinese and Hong Kong end of his company has different functions.B．It was not easy when he first registered business in China.C．He had the social media like Twitter when the business just started.D．Registering the Hong Kong company was relatively easy.正确答案：C解析：细节题。

专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷168(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷168(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：The Difference between Spoken and Written English Good morning everyone, today’s lecture is about the difference between spoken and written English.(1)Speech and writing are two independent methods of communication.(2)Speech is “the oral medium of transmission of language, i. e. the spoken language”. Writing involves marking a surface with words that convey one’s thoughts and ideas and as Crystal remarks “written English has provided the standard that society values, and its relative permanence and worldwide circulation have given it a very special place with the life of the community. “Every language learner aspires to have good grip and command over both spoken and written language.(3)Failure in expressing either of them will render him ineffective and incomplete when it comes to acquiring language skills in true sense of word. Both forms of language, therefore, are very important. They differ from each other to a great extent. Following are some of the major differences in both spoken and written language. (4)One difference that exists between speech and writing is the distinction between the phonic and the graphic substances. The former is the medium used in speech, where the vocal organs produce air-pressure movements. The latter is used in writing, which consists of the hand creating marks on a surface. However, this physical difference is not the only factor that distinguishes the two mediums.(5)There are also differences such as the use of grammar and vocabulary which also differ according to whether the person is speaking or writing to convey information. On top of the above, spoken English is very informal while written English is formal.(6)No punctuation is needed in spoken English because we are aided by facial expressions, gestures, body language to express our meaning effectively and properly. On the other hand, written English is ineffective and handicapped without proper use of punctuation. Many speakers are bold and confident at the time of speaking. But most of them find themselves lacking in confidence and reluctant to write because they know that once they write, their words are recorded and they cannot defend themselves. Their mistakes are exposed in writing. In spoken English, there is no role of spelling. But spelling does play a very important role in writing. Many good speakers are found being a horrible speller of the word. Their spelling lowers theirimage and impression among their colleagues and their readers.(7)Speakers often ignore some of the basic rules of grammar, for they are only interested in conveying their messages. They do not stick to the rules of grammar. On the other hand, writing is never accurate and impressive unless it is grammatically correct and error-free. Therefore, all the great and successful writers give grammar its due importance in their writings. Spelling is what creates problems for many writers, and in the same way pronunciation is a problem for many speakers. Many speakers find it difficult to pronounce the words correctly.(8)They have to make efforts to learn correct pronunciation while writers have no such worries. (9)Speech is time-based, active and does not last long.(10)There is no time lag between production and reception and given the spontaneity and speed with which speech is produced there is no time for planning. We usually think while talking and this results in looser construction, repetition, rephrasing and comment clauses such as “Jack is ugly, I think”. Nevertheless, speech also contains loudness, tempo, rhythm, and other intonations and pauses that cannot be easily transmuted to the written form.(11)Facial expressions and gestures often aid meaning as well as deictic expressions which refer directly to the situation. These features can all be contained in speech but are not written down with much effectiveness. Hearing and understanding spoken English can be more difficult than understanding written English for another very simple reason: written English usually does not come with an accent. Accent is different to dialect, although they often go together.(12)English in the written form can take better advantage of dialect than of accent. Where an accent will be the sound a speaker makes when using a specific set of words relating to the locality they were raised, but the words remain the same, a dialect is a pattern of language use that may substitute new words or meanings to existing words. Actually, written English is reasonably simple to master, especially if you are only going to use it in the written form. Spoken English is much harder to learn, and use effectively. (13)With so much difference between these two forms of English, it is prime duty of every one aspiring to become a good language learner to pay heed to both forms equally to have good command over English. If one is able to do so, he is sure to win admiration and appreciation from his readers and listeners to the great extent. (14)To conclude, a good language learner always respects the language he intends to learn.(15)Therefore, he takes keen interest in acquiring this language, not leaving any important aspect untouched and uncovered. Such a learner is always successful. Ok, today, we have discussed the differences between spoken English and written English. To sum up, spoken English and written English differ in the aspect of medium as well as whether it is informal or formal, time-based or not, simple or hard to learn and so on. Next time, we’ll continue to talk about it further.The Difference between Spoken and Written EnglishI. Definition of speech and writingtwo different【T1】______methods of communication【T1】______—speech: the【T2】______of transmission of language【T2】______—writing: marking a surface with wordsII. Necessity of knowing the difference—acquire language skills 【T3】______and completely【T3】______—learner aspires to grip and commandIII. Differences between spoken and written English —physical difference—【T4】______substance: medium used in speech【T4】______—graphic substance: hand creating marks on a surface—difference in the use of【T5】______【T5】______—degree of formality: spoken English is less formal-no【T6】______【T6】______—no role of spelling—【T7】______the rules of grammar【T7】______—speakers make efforts to learn correct【T8】______【T8】______—features of speech:【T9】______, active and not last long【T9】______—no time lag between production and reception —no time for【T10】______【T10】______.______—contain loudness, tempo, rhythm, intonations and pauses—aided by【T11】______and gestures【T11】______—difficulty in learning: written English is easier—do not come with an accent—take better advantage of【T12】______than of accent【T12】______—reasonably simple to masterIV. Tips for language learner—pay heed to both forms【T13】______【T13】______—【T14】______the language【T14】______—【T15】______all the important aspects【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：independent解析：本题考查重要细节。

专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Life is meant to be lived after all, not just survived. Whether in music or literature, painting or architecture, art is what gives soul to our otherwise routine existence. In fact, art should be around us, not in museums. It should be reflected in our landscape and our buildings. It is far more important for us to let our kids, our future, know that art is neither frivolous nor superfluous. We need to show them that art is more than pleasant pictures or soothing music. Art is innovation at its most basic level. Art is conception and inspiration. Most importantly, art is about discovery, not mistakes. In a world where we concentrate on what is right and wrong, what is correct and incorrect, the world of art is a place where judgment is suspended and great discoveries are made because of it.正确答案：生命要活得精彩，而不单单是为了生存。

专业英语八级模拟试题及答案

专业英语八级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共49题，共98分）1.The old man shopd be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder2.The children shopd go to school instead of to support their families.A.to workB.workC.worksD.working3.By local doctors and nurses, we hope more people.A.train, helpB.training, helpingC.training, to helpD.train, helping4.I don’t have as ______ money as before, but my li fe is more______.A.many , usefpB.more ,niceC.most, goodD.much, meaningfp5.I hope you will spend as much time as you can ________ your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice6.It’s necessary _________ us all to ________A.for, keeping learningB.to, keep learningC.of, keep to learnD.for, keep learning7.All we want to do ______ to find enough water _______the horses.A.are, toB.is , forC.be ,asD.is ,to give8.There is ______ little information about him that we have ______ much difficpty finding him.A.so, suchB.such, soC.so, soD.such, such9.That ’s ________exciting news that I’d like to tell everyone to share the joy.A.soB.suchC.such anD.so a piece of10.I ’d like to have a long holiday, but I’m really too busy to _____ the time.A.affordB.spendC.shareD.enjoy11.The foreigners _________there, but they _________the food there at first.A.u sed to live, didn ’t be used toB.are used to living, didn ’t use toed to live , weren ’t used toed to living, usedn ’t to12.The car is _____ expensive _____ he can’t buy it.A.too, toB.so, thatC.such, thatD.enough, thatst Friday I saw some boys ______ behind Daniel, _____ the computer games.A.sit, watchinB.sitting, watchC.sit, watchD.sitting, watched14.How I _____ I copd live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish15.It’s necessary ______ us to keep our pets clean everyday.A.ofB.forC.withD.between16.---Wopd you like to go out for a walk with us?A.Of course notB.That ’s all righ tC.I ’d love toD.Yes, I do17.Is Tom at school today?No, He ’s at home ______ he has a bad cold.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.before18.______ hard work it is!A.What aB.How aC. WhatD.How19.Mrs. White has _____ that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education20.People in some areas don’t have to pay for their ______.A.medicine treatB.medical treatC.medicine treatmentD. medical treatment21.Dr. Yang worked ______ three days ago.A.in hospitalB.at hospitalC.in a hospitalD.At a hospital22.Mr. Green is used to_________ two apples after lunch every day.A.eatB.eatingC.eatenD.ate23.The old man lives in a village_______, but he neverfeels________.A.alone; aloneB.lonely; aloneC.lonely; lonelyD.alone; lonely24.I ’ve nev er been out of China___________. What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just25.—I came to your office yesterday morning, but nobody was in.A.have hadB.hadC.were havingD.had had26.—Do you mind__________ here?A.me to smoke; Not at allB.my smo king; Yes, I don ’tC.me to smoke; Certainly notD.If I smoke; No. Please27.I_______ that there_______ an evening party on Saturday evening.A.was told; was going to haveB.was told; was going to beC.heard; was going to haveD.was said; is going to be28.We all found_____ to play the game.A.that interestedB.this interestingC.it interestingD.it ’s interesting29.I don’t understand ____ be lieve him.A.why don ’t youB.why you noC.why you don ’tD.why not you30.How long have you____?A.marriedB.be marriedC.got marriedD.been married31.He arrived____ London ____ a cold winter night.A.at; atB.in; onC.in; inD. \; on32.- We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.A.was happeningB.to happenC.has happenedD.having happened33.The little boy didn’t know_______.A.Which hat is hiB.which hat his isC.which hat was hisD.which hat his was34.Tom, with his parents______ to America. They_____ back in two weeks.A.have gone; will comeB.has gone; will comeC.have been; have comeD.have been; come35.It’s important_____ a foreign languageA.of us to learnB.For us to learnC.of us learningD.for us learning36.______ they are twin sisters, they don ’t look like each other.A.BecauseB.SinceC.ThoughD.However37.I don’t know ______ a show. Can you tell me?A.how organizeB.what organizeC.what to organizeD.how to organize38.My coat__________ there behind the door. Can ’t you see it?A.is hangedB.is hangingC.hangsD.has hung39.Project Hope is an organization _____ raises money to build schools and buy books for poor children.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.where40.—Have you finished the work?A.failedB.tryingC.triedD.failing41.They ’d like ____ thank the following people _____ their help and support.A.to; toB.for; forC.to; forD.for; to42.You ’d better sing. It doesn’t ______ whether you can sing well or not.A.workB.matterC.problemD.affect43.It’s your job________ the pop stars.A.introduceB.introducingC.introducesD.to introduce44.—How do you like this dress?A.OrB.SoC.ButD.Since45.The radio is________ a strange signal. What’s wrong with it?A.giving upB.giving inC.giving outD.giving away46.I ______ that I were a bird.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.expect47.I hope my father____ ask me about my marks.A.notB.not toC.won ’tD.don ’t48.The fans were very excited______ David Beckham came to the show.A.soB.becauseC. butD.and49.I think____ important to learn English well.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you are1、正确答案： B2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： C4、正确答案： D5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： D7、正确答案： B8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案： C12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： ABC14、正确答案： D15、正确答案： B16、正确答案： C17、正确答案： A18、正确答案： C19、正确答案： A20、正确答案： D21、正确答案： C22、正确答案： B23、正确答案： D24、正确答案： C25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： C27、正确答案： C28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： C30、正确答案： D31、正确答案： B32、正确答案： C33、正确答案： C34、正确答案： B35、正确答案： B36、正确答案： C37、正确答案： C38、正确答案： B39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： B41、正确答案： C42、正确答案： B43、正确答案： D44、正确答案： B45、正确答案： C46、正确答案： A47、正确答案： C48、正确答案： B49、正确答案： C。

专业英语八级模拟试卷906(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷906(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATION 5. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：American Values Good morning, everybody. In today’s lecture, we shall start a new topic on American studies; that is American values. If you asked most Americans what the cultural values in the U.S. are, you might get some blank stares, or a statement of some basic beliefs. The question may seem simple, but the answer is quite complex. In a society as highly diverse as the United States, there is likely to be a multitude of answers. Since America is a country of immigrants, American culture has been enriched by the values and belief systems of virtually every part of the world. Consequently, it is impossible to be comprehensive. Nevertheless, a few selected values are at the core of the American value system. The first is definitely individual freedom. It’s the one value that nearly every American would agree upon. Whether you call it individual freedom, individualism, or independence, it is the cornerstone of American values. It permeates every aspect of our society. The concept of an individual’s having control over his or her own destiny influenced the type of government that was established here, and individual rights are guaranteed in the United States Constitution. These rights are so protected in our judicial system that, even though Americans may complain that criminals sometimes “get away with murder”, most people believe it is better to free a few guilty persons than to imprison one person who is innocent. While our economic system may be dominated by large corporations, the majority of American businesses are small, and many are owned by an individual or a family. It is part of the “American dream”to “be your own boss”, and being an entrepreneur is one of the most appealing ways to improve one’s economic future. The second American value I want to talk about is choice in education. Education is often regarded as the key to opportunity, including financial security. Americans take a pragmatic approach to learning, so what one learns outside the classroom through internships, extracurricular activities and the like is often considered as important as what is learned in the classroom. Consequently, lifelong learning is valued which results in many adult and continuing education programs. Americans have many choices. In school they decide their major field of study, perhaps with or without their parents’influence, and students even get to select some of their courses. These “elective”courses often confuse foreign students who may expect a more rigid curriculum. The belief that Americans should “be all that you can be”emanates from the heritage descended by early settlers. Since the majority of the early settlers were Protestant, they believed that they had a responsibility to improve themselves, to be the best they could be, to develop their talents, and to help their neighbors. That is to say, they believe that they have certain missions to fulfill in the world. These convictions have not only influenced our educational system, but are often reflected in U.S. foreign policy. Afterward, I’d like to say something about Americans’ concept of family. Another aspect of American society that may bewilder non-Americans is the family. The nuclear family structure is so alien to most cultures in the world that it is often misunderstood. The main purpose of the American family is to bring about the happiness of each individual family member. The traditional family values include love and respect for parents, as well as for all members of the family. However, the emphasis on the individual and his or her right to happiness can be confusing. It allows children to disagree, even argue with their parents. While in most other cultures such action would be a sign of disrespect and a lack of love, it is not the case in the United States. It is simply a part of developing one’s independence. Many foreign students and visitors are welcomed by host families, who invite them into their homes for dinner or to join in family activities. Frequently visitors are told to “make themselves at home” and, at times, may appear to be “left alone”. It certainly is nice to be treated as an honored guest in someone’s home, but one of the highest compliments that an American can give foreign guests is to treat them like members of the family, which means to give them the “freedom of the house” to do what they want, to “raid the refrigerator”on their own, or to have some quiet time alone. The last value I want to emphasize is privacy. Privacy is important to Americans. The notion of individual privacy may make it difficult to make friends. Because Americans respect one’s privacy, they may not go much beyond a friendly “hello”. Ironically, it is usually the foreigner who must be more assertive if a friendship is to develop. Finally, are you interested in the reasons that have shaped today’s American values? The rugged individualism valued by most Americans stems from our frontier heritage. For much of our country’s history, there was a frontier. That experience greatly influenced American attitudes. Early settlers had to be self-sufficient which forced them to be inventive. Their success gave them optimism about the future, a belief that problems could be solved. This positive spirit enables Americans to take risks in areas where others might only dream, resulting in tremendous advances in technology, health and science. The American frontier also created our heroes: the self-reliant, strong-willed, confident individual who preferred action to words and always tried to treat others fairly. Many of these characteristics are represented by the myth of the American cowboy, and the more modern versions personified in movies by John Wayne, Clint Eastwood, and Sylvester Stallone. We can even look to “future” centuries and admire similar qualities in the heroes of the Star Trek and Star Wars movie series. OK, in a nutshell, no matter what changes the next century brings or whether you agree with American values, the opportunity tovisit the United States and to observe Americans first-hand is an experience well worth the effort. Be careful not to be ethnocentric, but to evaluate a culture by its own standards. Be aware that you’ll help shape American attitudes, just as they will influence you.American Values I. Individual freedom A. The one value every American would agree upon B. The 【T1】______of American values 【T1】______ C. Individual rights are guaranteed in the 【T2】______ 【T2】______ D. 【T3】______are small, owned by an individual or a family 【T3】______ II. 【T4】______ 【T4】______ A. Education is regarded as the key to opportunity. B. Americans take 【T5】______to learning. 【T5】______ C. Internships, extracurricular activities are considered important. D. 【T6】______is valued. 【T6】______ E. Americans decide their major field of study and select courses.F. The belief “be all that you can be” emanates from 【T7】______. 【T7】______ III. Concept of family A. 【T8】______ —Alien to most cultures in the world 【T8】______ —To bring about the happiness of 【T9】______ —Children disagree, even argue with their parents 【T9】______ B. Host families —Foreign students are invited into Americans’ homes —Visitors can do 【T10】______in host families IV. Privacy 【T10】______ A. Privacy is important to Americans. B. Individual privacy may make it difficult to 【T11】______. V Reasons for American values 【T11】______ A. Individualism stems from American 【T12】______. B. Early settlers had to be self-sufficient and 【T13】______. 【T12】______ C. The positive spirit enables Americans to take risks. 【T13】______ D. American heroes are 【T14】______. VI. Suggested attitude toward values 【T14】______ A. Avoid 【T15】______ B. Evaluate a culture by its own standards 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：cornerstone解析：要点题。

专业英语八级模拟试卷681(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷681(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Computer Crime Good morning, today’s lecture is the very first of a series of lectures on types of modern crimes, so I’d like to discuss the first type—computer crime right now. As computer crimes are getting more and more rampant, laws must be passed to address the increase in the number and types of those crimes. Over the last twenty years, large computers are used to track reservations for the airline industry, process billions of dollars for banks, manufacture products for industry, and conduct major transactions for businesses because more and more people now have computers at home and at the office. So, who committed computer crimes? What’s the definition of computer crime and what forms does computer crime take on? And what are our protection measures? We shall answer the preceding questions one by one. First, what kinds of people tend to commit computer crimes? According to experts, computer criminals tend to be relatively honest and in a position of trust: few would do anything to harm another human, and most do not consider their crime to be truly dishonest. Most are males: women have tended to be accomplices, although later they are becoming more aggressive.(1)Computer Criminals tend to usually be between the ages of 14-30,(2)they are usually bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresome, and willing to accept technical challenges. It is tempting to liken computer criminals to other criminals, ascribing characteristics somehow different from ‘normal’ individuals, but that is not the case. It is believed that the computer criminal often marches to the same drum as the potential victim but follows an unanticipated path. There is no actual profile of a computer criminal because they range from young teens to elders, from black to white, from short to tall.(3) Second, we shall discuss the evolutionary definition of computer crime. Definitions of computer crime have changed over the years as the users and misusers of computers have expanded into new areas.(4)When computers were first introduced into businesses, computer crime was defined simply as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer system. Congress has been reacting to the outbreak of computer crimes. The U.S. House of Judiciary Committee approved a bipartisancomputer crime bill that was expanded to make it a federal crime to hack into credit and other data bases protected by federal privacy statutes.(5)This bill is generally creating several categories of federal crimes for unauthorized access to computers to obtain money, goods or services or classified information. Third, computer crimes can take on many forms. The first form is swindling or stealing of money is one of the most common computer crimes.(6)An example of this kind of crime is the Well Fargo Bank that discovered an employee was using the banks computer to embezzle $ 21.3 million, which is the largest U.S. electronic bank fraud on record. The second form is called credit card scams.(7)This is one that fears many people for good reasons. The following story is a real case. A fellow computer backer is someone who uses his computer to access credit data bases. In a talk that I had with him he tried to explain what he did and how he did it. lie is a very intelligent person because be gained illegal access to a credit data base and obtained the credit history of local residents. He then allegedly uses the residents’names and credit information to apply for 24 Master cards and Visa cards. He used the cards to issue himself at least 40,000 in cash from a number of ATM machines. lie was caught once but was only withdrawing $ 200 because the police couldn’t prove that he was the one who did the other ones. Finally, one of the thefts involving the computer is the theft of computer time.(8)Most of us don’t realize this as a crime, but the congress considers this as a crime. Every day people are urged to use the computer but sometimes the use becomes excessive or improper or both. For example, at most colleges, computer time is thought of as free —good students and faculty often computerizes mailing lists for their churches or fraternity organizations which might be written off as good public relations. But, use of the computers for private consulting projects without payment to the university is clearly improper. In business it is similar. Management often looks the other way when employees play computer games or generate a Snoopy calendar. But, if this becomes excessive the employees are stealing work time. Although considered less severe than other computer crimes, such activities can represent a major business loss. Finally, how to protect our computers from the hackers’intrusion? Protection measures(9) such as hardware identification, access controls software and disconnecting critical bank applications should be devised.(10)However, computers don’t commit crimes; people do. The criminals’best advantage is ignorance on the part of those protecting the system. Proper internal controls reduce the opportunity for fraud. OK, now we will come to the end of today’s lecture. Something we must be aware of is that computer crimes are growing fast because the evolution of technology is fast, but the evolution of law is slow. Anyway, I hope after today’s lecture, you’ll understand better the definition and forms of computer crime and the practical protection measures against it.Computer Crime Ⅰ. Introduction Current situation: the increase in number and type of computer crime Ⅱ. Features of computer criminalsA. relatively honestB. gender【1】______ 1. most being males 2. females being accomplicesC. aged between 14 and【2】______D. bright, eager, highly motivated, adventuresomeE.【3】______profiles: ranging from young teens to eiders, from black to white, from short to tall Ⅲ. Definitions of computer crime—changingover【4】______A. once defined as a form of white-collar crime committed inside a computer systemB. a federal crime defined as hacking into credit and other data bases protected by federal【5】______statutesC. unauthorized access to computers to obtain money, goods or services or classified information Ⅳ.【6】______of computer crimeA. swindling or stealing of moneye.g. The Well Fargo Bank discovered an employee using the bank computer to embezzle $ 21.3 million.B. credit card【7】______e.g. A computer hacker gained illegal access to a credit data base and applied for credit cards to issue money from ATMs.C.【8】______of computer timee.g. Excessive computer game time in business means stealing of work time. Ⅴ. Protection【9】______ —hardware identification —【10】______software —disconnecting critical bank applications —proper internal controls1．正确答案：bias/difference解析：推断题。

专业英语八级模拟试卷213(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷213(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Presenter: Good morning everybody and welcome to our lecture. It’s a good pleasure for me to welcome Professor Nesbit of the University of Edinburgh, He is going to give us a lecture about a world language. Professor Nesbit, Please. Professor: Today I’m going to talk about languages, or more specially about a world language. What would the world be like if everyone spoke the same language? Would we understand each other better and be more sympathetic to each other’s causes? I’m not talking about everyone sharing the same first language, but sharing the same second language, and I’m not talking about English, but Esperanto. That’s spelled E-S-P-E-R-A-N-T-O. This is an artificial language. What are the facts about Esperanto? Well, it was invented in 1887 by Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof, a Polish philologist. The vocabulary comes mainly from Western European languages, and the grammar is similar m Slavic languages. It sounds like Italian. Esperanto means “hopeful”, and it was Zamenhof’s hope that a common language would promote a friendship and an understanding amongst all people of the world. His inspiration is summed up by the Esperanto term interna idea which means central idea, and it is an idea of human peace and justice. I think Esperanto will become the world language in the future. Esperanto is taught in many schools in Yugoslavia and Hungary. China is very interested. About 400,000 people have learned Esperanto in China. It is spoken all over the world by approximately ten million people, and there are many who would like Esperanto to be the official second language of the world. It has such internal logic that it could become the international computer language. From the learner’s point of view, it has the advantage that there are no exceptions to rules. The advantages of the world being able to talk freely to each other about business, politics, culture, sport, hobbies... well... are obvious. The costs of translation at any international conference are staggering. About 55 percent of the EEC’s budget in Strasbourg is taken up by translation costs. The main advantage, as I see, is that Esperanto is a neutral language. It doesn’t have the national, political and cultural bias that all others of course have, If everybody has to learn a secondlanguage, then everybody is equal. Well. I’ll stop here for questions.Student: Excuse me. I’d like to ask a question. Why should people have to learn another language? Why not English as the world language? I mean there are already so many people who speak English throughout the world.Professor: I think English is one of those languages which for many seems easy in the beginning, but then the bridge between basic knowledge and mastery takes a long time to cross, and many people give up. Why should people have to learn English? For many it’s a waste of time of spelling, of the large number of exceptions to any rule, it is very idiomatic and the prepositions are terrible. On the contrary, Esperanto is a very easy language to learn. The tense system has none of the complications of English, and the grammar is based on just sixteen rules which have no exceptions. There are five vowel sounds in Esperanto, but twenty vowel sounds in English. The most remarkable thing is that after a very short time learners find that they can express quite sophisticated ideas, the same sort of things that they would want to say in their own language.Presenter: Professor Nesbit, thank you very much.Esperanto Esperanto was invented a【1】philologist, Dr. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof. Esperanto means “【2】”. The vocabulary comes mainly from Western European languages, and the grammar is similar to Slavic languages. It sounds like【3】. It is spoken all over the world by approximately【4】people. As to the learners, it has the advantage that there are no【5】to rules. The main advantage, is that Esperanto is a【6】language. It doesn’t have the national, political and cultural【7】that all others of course have. Why not English as the world language? English is easy in the beginning, but then the bridge between basic knowledge and【8】takes a long time to cross, and many people give up. On the contrary, Esperanto is a very easy language to learn. There are five【9】sounds in Esperanto. The most remarkable thing is that after a very short time learners find that they can express quite【10】deas just as in their own language.1．【1】正确答案：Polish2．【2】正确答案：hopeful3．【3】正确答案：Italian4．【4】正确答案：ten million5．【5】正确答案：exceptions6．【6】正确答案：neutral7．【7】正确答案：bias8．【8】正确答案：mastery9．【9】正确答案：vowel10．【10】正确答案：sophisticatedSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：M: I’m Avi Arditti and this week on Wordmaster: surviving a job interview! Here’s the first bit of advice from human resources consultant Sharon Armstrong: It’s not just words you have to think about, but also how you express them Avoid, she says, a flat monotone voice that people sometimes get when they are nervous.W: It loses something and I think that it can add so much if you show your excitement and your eagerness to work for that company.M: Next: Be prepared for a common approach known as behavioral based interviewing.W: And that is where past performance will indicate future performance. So good interviewers will ask you very detailed questions where they’ll put you on the spot and they’ll want to know specifically your role in what you did for a particular project. And so the key to giving a good answer to a behavioral interview question is to do what I call a STAR, S-T-A-R. The S and the T stand for explaining a situation or a task that you were given, the A is the action you took and the R is the results.M: So what you’re saying isthat you need to be prepared before you walk into the door.W: Go through some mock interviews, if you can have friends ask you questions. Practice in the mirror, answering questions. Go in with three or four things you really want to stress about yourself. And then you can bring those out no matter what the question is asked.M: How do you follow up after the interview?W: Please send a thank you letter. I’m begging you. And you can do it by e-mail. And in that thank you letter you do a couple of things. Make sure that you express sincere appreciation for the time that they spent interviewing you. You have an opportunity to re-emphasize some of your strongest qualities. You have another chance to make that ease as to how your skills match their needs. If there was something that you wish you had said a little more about, again an opportunity to do it here. Now that sounds like a lot to cover, but you do it very briefly, in a short couple of paragraphs and get it out right away.M: Keep it short, keep it simple?W: Absolutely. Again, they’re business people; they don’t have a lot of time. Just getting it is going to make a big difference. I talk to recruiters all the time. They never get thank-you letters. It’s such simple business etiquette that people just don’t take the time to do it.M: These days, interviewers ask tougher questions than they used to.W: It’s no longer “What do you see yourself doing in five years?”Those are old questions. They’re asking questions that are going to get at more specific things. For example, “Give me a specific example of a time when a co-worker criticized your work in front of others. How did you respond? How has that event shaped the way you communicate with others?” They’re trying to get at your communication skills. “Give me a specific example of a time when you sold your supervisor on an idea or concept. How did you proceed? What was the result?” That’s your assertiveness. So be ready for these kinds of questions, and if you have this experience in your background, just be able to communicate it effectively. You don’t have to use the proper language all the time, just get across your results and your accomplishments.M: And you probably shouldn’t be afraid to say “Well, I don’t understand that question.”W: Absolutely. And don’t feel like you have to answer immediately. Take a moment. Pausing is comfortable--if you’re comfortable with it, it will seem comfortable. But if you sometimes launch into an answer right away, you might head down a road you don’t want to go.M: What kind of answer would you give to that first one?W: I think it’s a hard question and you’ve got to be careful that you’ve answered it honestly but effectively. They don’t want to know that you flew off the handle and you have a very negative response. They’re going to want to know that you have some teamwork skills.M: What if that’s not the truth? What if the last time someone criticized you, you--as you say--flew off the handle, got angry?W: I would say that honestly, say that “I’ve learned from that and I don’t do it anymore. “The secret is to takea weakness and make it into a positive. So say “I used to have a very bad habit of not being able to handle that well but I recognized that that wasn’t getting me anywhere in the business world.”M: And finally, at the end, Sharon Armstrong says be sure to ask some of your own questions, questions like “What are some of the objectives you would like accomplished in this job?”W: Remember that you are assessing the company as much as they are assessing you, and if you fail to ask questions at the end of the interview, they might interpret that as you not beinginterested.11．Which of the following statements is NOT true about ‘Armstrong’s STAR?A．A stands for actions,B．T stands for titles.C．S stands for situations.D．R stands for results.正确答案：B12．Armstrong suggests all the following preparations EXCEPT ______.A．looking at the mirror.B．practicing simulated interviews.C．practicing answering questions.D．finding some of your strong points.正确答案：A13．What shall an interviewee do after the interview according to Armstrong?A．Wait for the recruiter’s notice.B．Revisit the recruiter for the result.C．Send a letter of thanks.D．Give the interviewer a call to confirm their resolution.正确答案：C14．Interviewers nowadays are asking questions that are going to ______.A．get at more specific things.B．get at more general things.C．get at more personal things.D．get at more public things.正确答案：A15．When asking you to give a specific example of a time when a co-worker criticized your work, the interviewers ______.A．want to know about your temper.B．focus on your assertiveness.C．care about your teamwork skills.D．doubt about your honesty.正确答案：CSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：An Israeli court has indicted a retired auto worker, alleging he was a Nazi death camp worker known as “Ivan the Terrible”. Jam Demjanjuk is in jail in Israel after being extradited and maintains his is a case of mistaken identity. The indictment charges Demjanjuk with crimes against the Jewish people, against humanity, and with war crimes. He’s said to have been responsible for herding Jews into the gas chambers and often stabbed them or whipped flesh from them as they went in. It’s said that he personally turned on the motors to discharge the poison gas. The state of Israel will be calling eight former Treblinka inmates and an SS guard who will identify Demjanjuk as “Ivan the Terrible”. Demjanjuk’s trial is expected to begin at the end of the year and could take as long as six months.16．Which of the following statements about the man is TRUE?A．He has been put into prison twice.B．He is waiting for the trial.C．He is “Ivan the Terrible”.D．He whipped Jews in a Nazi camp.正确答案：B听力原文： A study released on Tuesday by the American College of Chest Physicians found smokers who combine exercise with nicotine gum or transdermal patches are more likely to quit than those who rely on nicotine replacement therapy alone. Sixty-eight patients at two Austrian hospitals were randomly assigned either a treatment program that included exercise or one that only used nicotine replacement therapy. After three months, 80 percent of those who exercised had quit smoking, while 52 percent of those in the group that did not exercise had quit. And those who exercised were more likely to reduce their cigarette smoking if they did not quit, the study found. They also scored better on several tests measuring respiratory health. The study was conducted at Otto Wagner Hospital and Lainz Hospital in Austria.17．Based on the study, if a smoker wants to quit smoking, he’d better ______.A．reduce his cigarette smoking gradually.B．seek nicotine replacement therapy.C．do exercises and take nicotine gum.D．take tests measuring respiratory health.正确答案：C听力原文：The Treasury Department announced today that it is lowering the guaranteed interest rate on some U. S. savings bonds. The 1.5 point decline to 6% came as no surprise to investors. The Treasury said it is lowering the rate on savings bonds to bring it in line with other market interest rates which have been falling all year. For in stance, money market mutual funds are now yielding just over 5%; five-year treasury notes are trading at about 6.5%. So the government has been paying a premium to people buying savings bonds, and it’s turned out to be an expensive way to finance the public debt. The relatively generous rate on the bonds have made them very popular in the past few months. Since the beginning of August, sales have been about double the usual pace. And this week, the rush to buy savings bonds intensified because of reports that the Treasury was going to cut the rate any day, and people wanted to lock in the old rate. Savings bonds bought before tomorrow, the day the cut goes into effect, will still yield 7.5%.18．The guaranteed interest rate on some U.S. savings bonds was ______.A．6%.B．6.5%.C．5%.D．7.5%.正确答案：D19．People are rushing to buy savings bonds because ______.A．the bonds are very popular with ordinary people.B．they are encouraged to finance the public debt.C．other market interest rates have been falling.D．the rate cut is to be put into effect.正确答案：D听力原文：Two protesters have been shot dead as thousands of people took to the streets of Pakistan in violent anti western protests triggered by cartoons of the Prophet Muhammad published in some European newspapers. Both who died were shot by security guards in Lahore when a bank came under attack. Demonstrator in Lahore destroyed vehicles and set fire to businesses, targeting US fast food outlets. They tried to storm the provincial assembly building and were driven back by police firing teargas. Private security guards at a bank fired bullets in stead, killing a number of protesters. Witnesses said the violence was unexpected and unprovoked. The Interior Minister Aftab Khan Sherpao said organizers didn’t keep their word to remain peaceful. Islamic leaders distanced themselves from the violence, saying they had nothing to do with it.20．Which of the following is NOT true of the protesters?A．They fired bullets.B．They damaged cars.C．They set fire.D．They attacked restaurants.正确答案：APART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.“Leave him alone!” I yelled as I walked out of the orphanage gate and saw several of the Spring Park School bullies pushing the deaf kid around. I did not know the boy at all but I knew that We were about the same age, because of his size. He lived in the old white house across the street from the orphanage where I lived. I had seen him on his front porch several times doing absolutely nothing, except just sitting there making funny like hand movements. In the summer time we didn’t get much to eat for Sunday supper, except watermelon and then we had to eat it outside behind the dining room so we would not make a mess on the tames inside. About the only time that I would see him was through the high chain-link fence that surrounded the orphanage when we ate our watermelon outside. The deaf kid started making all kinds of hand signals, real fast like. “You are a stupid idiot!” said the bigger of the two bullies as he pushed the boy down on the ground. The other bully ran around behind the boy and kicked him as hard as he could in the back. The deaf boy’s body started shaking all over and he curled up in a ball trying to shield and hide his face. He looked like he was trying to cry, or something but he just couldn’t make any sounds. I ran as fast as I could back through the orphanage gate and into the thick azalea hushes. I uncovered my homemade bow which I had constructed out of bamboo and string. I grabbed four arrows that were also made of bamboo and they had Coca Cola tops bent around the ends to make real sharp tips. Then I ran back out of the gate with an arrow cocked in the bow mad I just stood there quiet like, breathing real hard just daring either one of them to kick or touch the boy again. “You’re a dumb freak just like him, you big eared creep!” said one of the boys as he grabbed his friend and backed off far enough so that the arrow would not hit them. “If you’re so brave kick him again now,” I said, shaking like a leaf. The bigger of the two bullies ran up and kicked the deaf boy in the middle of his back as hard as he could and then he ran out of arrow range again. The boy jerked about and then made a sound that I will never forget for as long as I live. It was the sound, like a whale makes when it has been harpooned and knows that it is about to die. I fired all four of my arrows at the two bullies as they ran away laughing about what they had done.I pulled the boy up off the ground and helped him back to his house which was abouttwo blocks down the street from the school building. The boy made one of those hand signs at me as I was about to leave. I asked his sister “If your brother is so smart then why is he doing things tike that with his hands?” She told me that he was saying that he loved me with his hands. Almost every Sunday for the next year or two I could see the boy through the chain-link fence as we ate watermelon outside behind the dining room, during the summer time. He always made that same funny hand sign at me and I would just wave back at him, not knowing what else to do. On my very last day in the orphanage I was being chased by the police. They told me that I was being sent off to the Florida School for Boys Reform School at Marianna so I ran to get away from them. They chased me around the dining room building several times and finally I made a dash for the chain-link fence and tried to climb over in order to escape. I saw the deaf boy sitting there on his porch just looking at me as they pulled me down from the fence and handcuffed me. ‘The boy, now about twelve jumped up and ran across San Diego Road, placed his fingers through the chain-link fence and just stood there looking at us. They dragged me by my legs, screaming and yelling for more than several hundred yards through the dirt and pine-straw to the waiting police car. All I could hear the entire time was the high pitched sound, of that whale being harpooned again.21．It can be inferred that the deaf boy’s life in the orphanage was ______.A．simple and tranquil.B．monotonous and hard.C．quiet and enigmatic.D．boisterous and hard.正确答案：B解析：推断题。