(完整版)英语中有些单词的词形或词义相近

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英语中有些单词的词形或词义相近,但词性不同,在写英文句子时,要谨防用错这些词。

一、词形相近,词性不同错误。如:

1. ( 1 )汤姆会听从你的忠告。

误: Tom will take your advise.

正: Tom will take your advice.

( 2 )她劝我戒烟。

误: She adviced me to give up smoking.

正: She advised me to give up smoking.

析: advice 是名词,advise 是动词。

2. ( 1 )过度的工作已影响到他的健康。

误: Overwork has effected his health.

正: Overwork has affected his health.

( 2 )这种药对他的病有速效。

误: This medicine has an immediate affect on his illness.

正: This medicine has an immediate effect on his illness.

析: affect 是动词,意为“影响;感动”;effect 既可作动词用,又可作名词用。effect 用作动词时,意为“招致;实现;达到(目的等)”;用作名词时意为“结果;效果;作用;影响;(在视听方面给人留下的)印象”。

3. 人们应该做深呼吸,充分获得每一次呼吸的好处。

误: One should breath deeply and get the full benefit of every breathe.

正: One should breathe deeply and get the full benefit of every breath.

析: breath 和 breathe 都表示“呼吸”,但前者是名词,后者是动词。

4. 保龄球是室内游戏。

误: Bowling is an indoors game.

正: Bowling is an indoor game.

析: indoor 是形容词,而 indoors 是副词。有类似用法的词还有 outdoor 与outdoors .

5. 你可能是对的。

误: You maybe right.

正: You may be right.

析: maybe 是副词,意为“或许;可能”。 may be 是动词形式。

6. 其他的女孩们在哪儿呢?

误: Where are the others girls?

正: Where are the other girls?

析: other 是形容词。 others 常用作代词。

7. 那所学校是王先生创立的。

误: That school was found by Mr Wang.

正: That school was founded by Mr Wang.

析: found 作为 find 的过去式和过去分词时,意为“发现”;而作为动词原形时意为“创立”,其过去式及过去分词都为 founded.

8. 那两个姐妹长得相像。

误: The two sisters look like.

正: The two sisters look alike.

析: alike 可用作形容词或副词, like 可用作多种词性,但 look alike 意为“长得相像”,而 look like 意为“看起来像是”。

二、词义相近,词性不同错误。如:

9. ( 1 )他穿过了马路。

误: He acrossed the road.

正: He crossed the road.

( 2 )他步行穿过马路。

误: He walked cross the road.

正: He walked across the road.

析: cross 可以用作名词、动词或形容词,而 across 只可用作介词或副词。

10. ( 1 )她考试及格了。

误: She past her examination.

正: She passed her examination.

( 2 )在过去的几年里,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。

误: In the pass few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown. 正: In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.

析: passed 是动词 pass 的过去式及过去分词;而 past 可作介词、名词或形容词,不可单独作谓语。

11. 我的妹妹怕蛇。

误: My sister afraids snakes.

正: My sister fears snakes.

析: afraid 是形容词,通常用 be afraid of 的形式接宾语。 fear 既是动词,又是名词。 fear 用作动词时,可直接接宾语;用作名词时,通常用 in fear of 的形式。

12. ( 1 )他独自走着。

误: He walked lonely.

正: He walked alone.

( 2 )老人常容易感到寂寞。

误: The aged feel alone very often.

正: The aged feel lonely very often.

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