(完整版)英语中有些单词的词形或词义相近
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英语中有些单词的词形或词义相近,但词性不同,在写英文句子时,要谨防用错这些词。
一、词形相近,词性不同错误。如:
1. ( 1 )汤姆会听从你的忠告。
误: Tom will take your advise.
正: Tom will take your advice.
( 2 )她劝我戒烟。
误: She adviced me to give up smoking.
正: She advised me to give up smoking.
析: advice 是名词,advise 是动词。
2. ( 1 )过度的工作已影响到他的健康。
误: Overwork has effected his health.
正: Overwork has affected his health.
( 2 )这种药对他的病有速效。
误: This medicine has an immediate affect on his illness.
正: This medicine has an immediate effect on his illness.
析: affect 是动词,意为“影响;感动”;effect 既可作动词用,又可作名词用。effect 用作动词时,意为“招致;实现;达到(目的等)”;用作名词时意为“结果;效果;作用;影响;(在视听方面给人留下的)印象”。
3. 人们应该做深呼吸,充分获得每一次呼吸的好处。
误: One should breath deeply and get the full benefit of every breathe.
正: One should breathe deeply and get the full benefit of every breath.
析: breath 和 breathe 都表示“呼吸”,但前者是名词,后者是动词。
4. 保龄球是室内游戏。
误: Bowling is an indoors game.
正: Bowling is an indoor game.
析: indoor 是形容词,而 indoors 是副词。有类似用法的词还有 outdoor 与outdoors .
5. 你可能是对的。
误: You maybe right.
正: You may be right.
析: maybe 是副词,意为“或许;可能”。 may be 是动词形式。
6. 其他的女孩们在哪儿呢?
误: Where are the others girls?
正: Where are the other girls?
析: other 是形容词。 others 常用作代词。
7. 那所学校是王先生创立的。
误: That school was found by Mr Wang.
正: That school was founded by Mr Wang.
析: found 作为 find 的过去式和过去分词时,意为“发现”;而作为动词原形时意为“创立”,其过去式及过去分词都为 founded.
8. 那两个姐妹长得相像。
误: The two sisters look like.
正: The two sisters look alike.
析: alike 可用作形容词或副词, like 可用作多种词性,但 look alike 意为“长得相像”,而 look like 意为“看起来像是”。
二、词义相近,词性不同错误。如:
9. ( 1 )他穿过了马路。
误: He acrossed the road.
正: He crossed the road.
( 2 )他步行穿过马路。
误: He walked cross the road.
正: He walked across the road.
析: cross 可以用作名词、动词或形容词,而 across 只可用作介词或副词。
10. ( 1 )她考试及格了。
误: She past her examination.
正: She passed her examination.
( 2 )在过去的几年里,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。
误: In the pass few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown. 正: In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
析: passed 是动词 pass 的过去式及过去分词;而 past 可作介词、名词或形容词,不可单独作谓语。
11. 我的妹妹怕蛇。
误: My sister afraids snakes.
正: My sister fears snakes.
析: afraid 是形容词,通常用 be afraid of 的形式接宾语。 fear 既是动词,又是名词。 fear 用作动词时,可直接接宾语;用作名词时,通常用 in fear of 的形式。
12. ( 1 )他独自走着。
误: He walked lonely.
正: He walked alone.
( 2 )老人常容易感到寂寞。
误: The aged feel alone very often.
正: The aged feel lonely very often.