最新 2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读练习及答案详解(6)-精品
2015年6月13日大学英语六级真题参考答案完整版
2015年6月13日英语四级答案完整版When talking about the course which impresses me the most, I will certainly choose Basic Chemical Experiment. As a student of science, I am always fascinated with the magic in test tubes, and from this course I gained more than pure knowledge.To begin with, this course provides us opportunities to put theories into practices. The experiments helped us testify and better understand what we have learned in books. Besides, by designing experimental procedures of own, we became more flexible and innovative.Moreover, I also developed other skills that required outside labs through this course. For example, to be focused and careful when proceeding a task, to be patient and calm when facing failures, and to communicate properly when you need someone else to cooperate. These can be very valuable assets to your life.Basic Chemical Experiment influenced me not only on academic field but also on daily affairs, therefore it’s the most impressing course to me.University is a place that provides a number of interesting activities to enrich our life on campus. In the two years, I have attended a couple of activities such as football club and reading society. The most benefited one popping into my mind is the sports meeting last month.First of all, sports meeting offers a great opportunity to draw students’attention from busy studies to the sports field. As students, most of our time is killed in the classroom and library. However, doing sports could be seen as a relaxing ingredient in tedious study life.Secondly, as a member of football club, I attended the football game that day. I enjoyed the feeling of being united. During the game, we encouraged each other when we felt frustrated; we cheered for each other when we scored a goal. All these taught me to be more and more team-oriented.Lastly, doing sports benefits to our physical health. Increasingly sedentary lifestyle causes laziness and possibility of obesity. Therefore, this sports meeting on campus mobilized our students to enjoy the fun of sports.This is the campus activity that has benefited not only me but also most of the students.Rose is my roommate, classmate and my best friend in my college. She has a round face and a little plump. One can always find a nice smile on her face, which reflects her amiable and pleasant character. Our friendship attributes to her great influence on me.In terms of study, she is good at English, while English is not my cup of tea. When I am confused about teacher’s explanation of texts, she always interprets them to me in an explicit way. I really appreciate her help. Besides, she also imparts me a few language learning tips and recommendations which arouse my learning interest.In addition, in the leisure time, she helps me a lot as well. Because I am not the local student and my hometown is far away from here, sometimes I feel homesick. However, I always have Rose on my side. Her accompany gives me great comfort.I feel so lucky that I could have such a good friend, who teaches me and help me in my study and leisure life, so she is the classmate that has influenced me most in college.四级听力答案：短对话1.B He has not cleared the apartment since his mother’s visit.2.C They might as well take the next bus.3.C She has to do extra work for a few days.4.A change her job.5.D He failed to do what he promised to do.6.B The woman does not like horror films.7.C The speakers share a common view on love.8.A Preparations for a forum.四级听力答案：长对话9. B Scandinavia10. D More women will work outside the family11. D Spend more time changing women’s attitudes.12. A In a restaurant13. C He is the Managing Director of Jayal Motors14. B To get a good import agent15. D His determination四级听力答案与点评：短文第一篇16. What are scientists trying to explain according to the passage?答案：(A) How being an identical twin influences one’s identify.【点评】：细节题。
大学英语六级英语阅读真题及答案（2015.6）
引导语：为了⽅便⼤家对英语阅读的学习，以下是百分⽹店铺整理的2015年6⽉⼤学英语六级卷⼀阅读真题及答案，欢迎阅读! 卷⼀： Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank follwing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making choices. Each choie in the bank is identificated by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answere Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Question 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity,after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting ___36___ can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how___37___being a couch potato can be. In an analysis of data from eight large ___38___published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel ___39___,the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a ___40___, and the odds of dying permaturely___41___ 13% during a seven-year follow-up .All of these___42____are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting ,viewing TV may beespecially__43___at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to ___44___them. Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to___45___whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes,heart disease or clearly death compared with, say, reading. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
【六级答案】2015年6月英语六级答案完整版
accomplishments add up can many impossibili es gradually turn to possibili es. At least, one won’t regret for not making effort to achieve the goal. For example, one may doesn’t have the resources or training on how to be a world-class musician, but by constant prac ce of every short piece of music, he can s ll bring happiness, comfort and inspira on to his family members and friends, then this person is great in the eyes of the audiences. Therefore, never cease the pace on the road to our dreams. As long as we s ck to our goal and be serious to whatever related to it, we can be considered as great.
短文第一篇 16. What is said to make a good department store buyer?
答案：A) The ability to predict fashion trend. 【点评】答案出现在文章的开头部分，They not only have to know what is fashionable at the moment, but also have to guess what will become fashionable next season or next year. 告诉我 们，买手们不但要熟知当下的流行，并且能够预测下一季或是明天的流行趋势。 句中反复出现选项中的 fashion 一次，根据所听即所得原则，本题应选择 A. The ability to predict fashion trend. 17. What does Karen’s job involve?
201X年6月至201X年6月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案【9套卷全】
2015.06【1】Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (FeD. in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?【C】A. Lack ofmoney.B. Subprime crisis.C. Unemployment.D. Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?【D】AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFA. Take effective measures to curb inflation.B. Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C. Formulate policies to help financial institutions.D. Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?【B】A.Recession.B. Deflation.C.Inequality.D. Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?【C】A. Develop a new monetaryprogram. B. Restore public confidence.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC. Tighten financialregulation.D. Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?【A】A. She possesses strong persuasive power.B. She has confidence in what she is doing.C. She is one of the world's greatest economists.D. She is the most powerful Fed chief in history. Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other【A】A. To get their share of cleanair. B. To pursue a comfortable life.C. To gain a higher social status.D. To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?【D】A. Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B. Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C. Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D. Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?【B】A. The massive burning of fossil fuels.B. Our relationship to the plant world.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC. The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.D. Large-scale deforestation across the world.64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the a?【D】A. By showing respect forplants. B. By preserving all forms of life.C. By tapping all natural resources.D. By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?【C】A. Expand the sphere ofliving. B. Develop nature's potentials.C. Share life with nature.D. Allocate the resources.2015.06【2】Passage OneAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFI'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession (难以破除的成见 ) surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops.56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?【B】A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate? 【D】A. Breaking the GM food monopoly. B. More friendly exchange of ideas.C. Regulating GM food production.D. More scientific research on GM crops.58. What is the main point of the Nature articles? 【A】A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperativeAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFto develop GM crops.B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems? 【D】A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60.What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops? 【C】A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgentAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFissues of agriculture.D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.Passage TwoEarly decision--you apply to one school, and admission is binding--seems like a great choice for nervous applicants.61. What are students obliged to do under early decision? 【B】A. Look into a lot of schools before theyapply. B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer.D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decision? 【A】A. To make sure they get qualified students.B. To avoid competition with other colleges.C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students? 【C】AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFA. It makes their application process more complicated.B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions.D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decision? 【D】A. It interferes with students' learning in high school.B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to do? 【B】A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options. 2015.06【3】Passage OneThe report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated．Unemployment in January jumped to a l6一year high of 7．6 percent，as 598 000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worst single-month decline since December，1974．With l．8 million iobs lost in the last three months． there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible．But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers．56．What d0 we learn from the first paragraph?【A】A.1me US economic situation is going from bad to worse．B.Washington is taking drastic measures to provide more jobs．C.111e US government is slashing more jobs from its payrolls．D.The recent economic crisis has taken the US by surprise．AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF57．、Ⅳhat does the author think of the unemployment figures and other statistics? 【D】A.They form a solid basis for policymakin9． B.The．y represent the current situation．C.They signal future economic trend．D.They do not fully reflect the reality．58．One problem with the payroll survey isthat________．【B】A.it does not include all thebusinesses B.it fails to count in the self—employedC.it magnifies the number of the joblessD.it does not treat all companies equally59．111e household survey can be faulty inthat_________．【C】A)people tend to lie when talking on the phone B.not everybody is willing or ready to respondC.some people won’t provide truthful informationD.the definition of unemployment is too broad60．At the end of the passage，the author suggests that_______．【B】A.statisticians improve their data assembling methodsAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFB.decision makers view the statistics with a critical eyeC.politicians listen more before making policy decisionsD.Democrats and Republicans cooperate on crucial issuesPassage TwoAt some point in 2008，someone，probably in either Asia or Africa，made the decision to move from the countryside to the city．This nameless person pushed the human race over a historic threshold，for it was in that year that mankind became，for the first time in its history，a predominantly urban species．61．In what way is the year 2008 historic? 【A】A.For the first time in history，urban people outnumbered rural people．B.An influential figure decided to move from the countryside to the city．C.It is in this year that urbanisation made a start in Asia and Africa．D.The population increase in cities reached a new peak in Asia and Africa．62．What does the author say about urbanisation? 【B】AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFA.Its impact is not easy to predict．B.Its process will not slow down．C.It is a milestone in human progress．D.It aggravates the squalor of cities．63．How does the author comment on Peter Smith’s new book? 【D】A.It is but an ordinary coffee—table book．B.It is flavoured with humourous stories．C.It serves as a guide to arts and commerce．D.It is written in a lively and interesting style．64．What does the author say in the chapter on skyscrapers? 【D】A.The automatic lift is indispensable in skyscrapers．B.People enjoy living in skyscrapers with a view．C.Skyscrapers are a sure sign of a city’s prosperity．D.Recession closely follows a skyscraper boom．65．What may be one criticism of Mr．Smith’s book? 【C】A)It does not really touch on anything serious．B.It is too long for people to read from cover to cover．AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC.It does not deal with any aspect of city life in depth．D.It fails to provide sound advice to city dwellers．2014.12【1】Passage OneInternational governments’ inaction concerning sustainable development is clearly worrying but the proactive (主动出击的) approaches of some leading-edge companies are encouraging. Toyota, Wal-Mart, DuPont, M&S and General Electric have made tackling environmental wastes a key economic driver.56.What does the author say about some leading-edge companies? 【B】A. They operate in accordance with government policies.B. They take initiatives in handling environmental wastes.C. They are key drivers in their nations’ economic growth.D. They are major contributors to environmentalAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFproblems.57.What motivates Toyota and Wal-Mart to make commitments to environmental protection? 【C】A. The goodness of their hearts.B. A strong sense of responsibility.C. The desire to generate profits.D. Pressure from environmentalists.58.Why are so many companies reluctant to create an environment-friendly business system? 【C】A. They are bent on making quick money.B. They do not have the capital for the investment.C. They believe building such a system is too costly.D. They lack the incentive to change business practices.59.What is said about the lean and green model of business? 【A】A. It helps businesses to save and gain at the same time.B. It is affordable only for a few leading-edge companies.C. It is likely to start a new round of intense competition.D. It will take a long time for all companies to embrace it.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF60.What is the finding of the studies about companiescommitted to environmental goals? 【B】A. They have greatly enhanced their sense of social responsibility.B. They do much better than their counterparts in terms of revenues.C. They have abandoned all the outdated equipment and technology.D. They make greater contributions to human progress than their rivals.Passage TwoIf you asked me to describe the rising philosophy of the day, I’d say it is data-ism. We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data. This ability seems to carry with it certain cultural assumptions —that everything that can be measured should be measured; that data is a transparent and reliable lens that allows us to filter out emotionalism and ideology; that data will help us do remarkable things — like foretell the future.61.What do data-ists assume they can do? 【D】A. Transform people’s cultural identity.B. Change theway future events unfold.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC. Get a firm grip on the most important issues.D. Eliminate emotional and ideological bias.62.What do people running for political office think they can do? 【B】A. Use data analysis to predict the election result.B. Win the election if they can raise enough funds.C. Manipulate public opinion with favorable data.D. Increase the chances of winning by foul means.63.Why do many teachers favor the idea of tailoring their presentations to different students? 【C】A. They think students prefer flexible teaching methods.B. They will be able to try different approaches.C. They believe students’ learning styles vary.D. They can accommodate students with special needs.64.What does James Pennebaker reveal in The Secret Life of Pronouns? 【D】A. The importance of using pronouns properly.B. Repeated use of first-person pronouns by self-centered people.C. Frequent use of pronouns and future tense by young people.D. A pattern in confident people’s use of pronouns.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF65.Why is the author skeptical of the data revolution? 【C】A. Data may not be easily accessible.B. Errors may occur with large data samples.C. Data cannot always do what we imagine it can.D. Some data may turn out to be outdated.2014.12【2】Passage OneNothing succeeds in business books like th e study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with In Search of Excellence. The trend has continued with a succession of experts and would-be experts who promise to distil the essenceof excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.56.What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?【A】A. Books on excellence.B. Guides to management.C. Books on business rules.D. Analyses of market trends.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF57.What does the author imply about books on success so far?【C】A. They help businessmen one way or another.B. They are written by well-recognised experts.C. They more or less fall into the same stereotype.D. They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.58.How does The Three Rules differ from other success books according to the passage? 【B】A. It focuses on the behaviour of exceptional businessmen.B. It bases its detailed analysis on large amounts of data.C. It offers practicable advice to businessmen.D. It draws conclusions from vivid examples.59.What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies? 【A】A. Focus on quality and revenue.B. Management and sales promotion.C. Lower production costs and competitive prices.D. Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.60.What is the author’s comment on The Three Rules?【D】A. It can help to locate profitable niches.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFB. It has little to offer to business people.C. It is noted for its detailed data analysis.D. It fails to identify the keys to success.Passage TwoUntil recently, the University of Kent prided itself on its friendly image. Not any more.Over the past few months it has been working hard, with the help of media consultants, to play down its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.61.What was the University of Kent famous for?【A】A. Its comfortable campus life.B. Its up-to-date course offerings.C. Its distinguished teaching staff.D. Its diverse academic programmes.62.What are universities trying to do to attract students? 【D】A. Improve their learning environment.B. Offer more scholarships to the gifted.C. Upgrade their campus facilities.D. Present a better academic image.63.What does Rob Behrens suggest universities do inAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFmarketing themselves? 【C】A. Publicise the achievements of their graduates.B. Go to extra lengths to cater to students’ needs.C. Refrain from making promises they cannot honour.D. Survey the expectations of their prospective students.64.What is students’ chief consideration in choosinga university? 【B】A. Whether it promises the best job prospects.B. Whether it is able to deliver what they want.C. Whether it ranks high among similar institutions.D. Whether it offers opportunities for practical training.65.What must universities show to win recruitment campaigns? 【D】A. They are positioned to meet the future needs of society.B. They are responsible to students for their growth.C. They are ever ready to improve themselves.D. They are unique one way or another.2014.12【3】Passage OneAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFIt is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession,but there is a less conspicuous kind of social upheaval (剧变) underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet and the way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization.56.What issue does the author try to draw people’s attention to?【D】A. The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.B. The rapid increase of world population.C. The ongoing global economic recession.D. The impact of accelerating urbanization.57.In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species?【C】A. They are much greedier than other species.B. They are a unique species born to conquer.C. They force other species out of their territories.D. They have an urge to expand their living space.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF58.In what way is urbanization in poor countries goodfor the environment?【B】A. More land will be preserved for wildlife.B. The pressure on farmland will be lessened.C. Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.D. Natural resources will be used more effectively.59.What does the author say about living comfortably in the city?【A】A. It incurs a high environmental price.B. It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.C. It causes a big change in people’s lifestyle.D. It narrows the gap between city and country.60.What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto?【C】A. Slowing down the speed of transition.B. Innovative use of advanced technology.C. Appropriate management of the process.D.Enhancing people’s sense of responsibility.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFPassage TwoWhen Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg launched in Feb. 2004, even he could not imagine the forces it would let loose. His intent was to connect college students. Facebook, which is what this website rapidly evolved into, ended up connecting the world.61.What was the purpose of Facebook when it was first created?【B】A. To help students connect with the outside world.B. To bring university students into closer contact.C. To help students learn to live in a connected era.D. To combine the world into an integral whole.62.What difference does social media make to learning?【D】A. Local knowledge and global knowledge will merge.B. Students will become more curious and ambitious.C. People are able to learn wherever they travel.D. Sources of information are greatly expanded.63. What is the author’s gre atest concern with social media technology?【A】A. Individuals and organizations may use it for evilAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFpurposes.B. Government will find it hard to protect classified information.C. People may disclose their friends’ information unintentionally.D. People’s attention will be easily distracted from their work in hand.64.What do businesses use social media for?【B】A. Creating a good corporate image.B. Anticipating the needs of customers.C. Conducting large-scale market surveys.D. Minimizing possible risks and dangers.65.What does the author think of social media as a whole?【A】A. It will enable human society to advance at a faster pace.B. It will pose a grave threat to our traditional ways of life.C. It is bound to bring about another information revolution.D. It breaks down the final barriers in human communication.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF2014.06【1】Passage OneTexting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, "penmanship for illiterates," as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isn't writing at all. It's a "spoken" language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.56. What do critics say about texting?【C】A．It is mainly confined to youngsters. B．It competes with traditional writing.C． It will ruin the written language. D． It is often hard to understand.57. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking? 【A】A． It is crafted with specific skills. B．It expresses ideas more accurately.C． It does not have as long a history. D． It is notAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFas easy to comprehend.58. Why is LOL much used in texting? 【A】A． It brings texters closer to each other. B．It shows the texter's sophistication.C． It is a trendy way to communicate D． It adds to the humor of the text.59.Examples like meat and silly are cited to show . 【D】A． the difference between writing and talking B．how differently words are used in textingC． why people use the words the way they do D． the gradual change of word meaning60. What does the author think of texting? 【B】A． It facilitates exchange of ideas among people. B．It is a new form of verbal communication.C．It deteriorates people's composition skills. D． It hastens the decline of the written word. Passage TwoIt's possible to admire Oprah Winfrey and stillAHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFwish Harvard hadn't awarded her an honorary doctor of law degree and the commencement (毕业典礼) speaker spot at yesterday's graduation.61. What do we learn about Oprah Winfrey from the passage? 【B】A． She was a distinguished graduate of Harvard School of Law.B．She worked her way to success in the entertainment industry.C． She used to abuse her children when she was a young mother.D． She achieved her fame through persistent advocacy of fake science.62. Why does the author deem it inappropriate for Harvard to confer an honorary degree on Oprah Winfrey? 【B】A． She did not specialize in the study of law. B．She was known as s supporter of fake science. C． She was an icon of the entertainment industry. D． She had not distinguished herself academically.63. How did Harry Lewis react to Harvard's decision in his blog post? 【A】AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFA．He was strongly against it. B．He considered it unpopular.C．He thought it would help enhance Harvard's reputation.D． He thought it represented the will of the Harvard community.64.What is the author's regret about many American universities? 【C】A． They show inadequate respect for evidence-based inquiry.B．They fall short of expectations in teaching and research.C． They attach too much importance to public relations. D．They are tolerant of political and religious nonsense.65. What does the author think a prestigious university like Harvard should focus on? 【D】A． Cultivation of student creativity. B．Defense of the scientific method.C． Liberation of the human mind. D． Pursuit of knowledge and truth.2014.06【2】AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFPassage OneTechnology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave "in the cloud," to be accessed as necessary?56. What is the author's concern about the use of technology?【D】A．It may leave knowledge "in the cloud". B． It may misguide our everyday behavior.C． It may cause a divide in the circles of education.D． It may hinder the development of thinking skills.57. What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy? 【D】A． It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.B． It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFC． It increases kids' efficiency of acquiring knowledge.D．It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.58. What does evidence from cognitive science show? 【B】A．Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.B．Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge.C． Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.D．Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.59. What does the author think is key to making evaluations? 【C】A． Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.B． Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.C．Connecting new information with one's accumulated knowledge.D． Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF60. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage? 【D】A． To warn against learning through memorizing facts.B．To promote educational reform in the information age.C． To explain human brains' function in storing information.D． To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.Passage TwoAmerica's recent history has been a persistent tilt to the West--of people, ideas, commerce and even political power. California and Texas are the twin poles of the West, but very different ones. For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two.61. What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 17【B】A． They have been competing for the leading position. B． California has been superior to Texas in many ways. C． They are both models of development for other states.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAFD． Texas's cowboy culture is less known than California's.62. What does the author say about today's California? 【C】A． Its debts are pushing it into bankruptcy. B． Its budgets have been cut by $26 billion.C． It is faced with a serious financial crisis. D． It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable.63. In what way is Texas different from California? 【A】A． It practices smallgovernment.B． It is home to traditionalindustries.C． It has a large Hispanic population. D． It has an enviable welfare system.64. What problem is Texas confronted with? 【C】A． Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate. B． Its sunrise industries are shrinking rapidly. C． Its education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy.D． Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture.AHA12GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF。
2015年6月英语六级真题及答案详解
2015年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解Part ⅠWriting (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the seen tenses with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% ofAfrican-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lain Gainer, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action –students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "under matched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while afour-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laser like focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepare Tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2015年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案
2015年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案38. I.prosperity 首先确定是一个名词，并且是一个正面色彩的，符合条件的有prosperity39. H.productive 应该为一个形容词，同样也应该是正面色彩的，productive最为合适40. C.employed 工人肯定是“被农场所雇用啊”，所以选employed41. F.jobless 根据后面but所接信息可推出该空应该为负面色彩形容词，jobless最合适42. M.shrunk 同样根据but以及more，可以推出该空为shrunk43. A.benefits 与dislocating effect相对应的应该是一个正面的复数名词，或通过but解题44. E.impact 首先确定为名词，能够hitrich world也只有impact了45. D.eventually 与前面的first相对应选词填空(二)"That which does not kill usmakes us stronger。
”But parents can’t handle it when teenagers putthis J.philosophy into practice. And now technology hasbecome the new field for the age-old battle between adults andtheirfreedom-craving kids。
Locked indoors, unable toget on their bicycles and hang out with their friends, teens haveturned to social media and their mobile phones to gossip, flirt andsocialize with their peers. What they do online often I.mirrors what theymight otherwise do if their mobility weren’t so heavilyB.constrained in the age of helicopterparenting. Social media and smartphoneapps have become so popular in recent yearsbecause teens need a place to call their own. They want the freedomtoD. explore their identity and the world around them.Instead of L.sneaking out, they jumponline。
六级2015 6
2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第一套）When the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (FeD. in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $ 3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in thc crisis for her warnings about the subprime (次级债) meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen,67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else. Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation.But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between thewell-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation (通货紧缩) that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles (去泡沫) and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance. Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A. Lack of money.B. Subprime crisis.C. Unemployment.D. Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A. Take effective measures to curb inflation.B. Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C. Formulate policies to help financial institutions.D. Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A. Recession.B. Deflation.C. Inequality.D. Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A. Develop a new monetary program.B. Restore public confidence.C. Tighten financial regulation.D. Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A. She possesses strong persuasive power.B. She has confidence in what she is doing.C. She is one of the world's greatest economists.D. She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself.If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that whicl exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods tha cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the ai polluted byindustry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapi deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversibl disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn t share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplishe together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere c the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come t view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rathe than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we woulfinally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each otherA. To get their share of clean air.B. To pursue a comfortable life.C. To gain a higher social status.D. To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A. Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B. Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C. Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D. Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A. The massive burning of fossil fuels.B. Our relationship to the plant world.C. The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.D. Large-scale deforestation across the world.64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A. By showing respect for plants.B. By preserving all forms of life.C. By tapping all natural resources.D. By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A. Expand the sphere of living.B. Develop nature's potentials.C. Share life with nature.D. Allocate the resources.2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第二套）I'll admit I've never quite understood the obsession (难以破除的成见) surrounding genetically modified (GM) crops. To environmentalist opponents, GM foods are simply evil, an understudied. possibly harmful tool used by big agricultural businesses to control global seed markets and crush local farmers. They argue that GM foods have never delivered on their supposed promise, that money spent on GM crops would be better channeled to organic farming and that consumers should be protected with warning labels on any products that contain genetically modified ingredients. To supporters, GM crops are a key part of the effort to sustainably provide food to meet a growing global population. But more than that, supporters see the GM opposition of many environmentalists as fundamentally anti-science, no different than those who question the basics of man-made climate change.For both sides, GM foods seem to act as a symbol: you're pro-agricultural business or anti-science. But science is exactly what we need more of when it comes to GM foods, which is why I was happy to see Nature devote a special series of articles to the GM food controversy. The conclusion: while GM crops haven't yet realized their initial promise and have been dominated by agricultural businesses, there is reason to continue to use and develop them to help meet the enormous challenge of Sustainably feeding a growing planet.That doesn't mean GM crops are perfect, or a one-size-fits-all solution to global agriculture problems. But anything that can increase farming efficiency--the amount of crops we can produce per acre of land-- will be extremely useful. GM crops can and almost certainly will be part of that suite of tools, but so will traditional plant breeding, improved soil and crop management--and perhaps most important of all, better storage and transport infrastructure (基础设施), especially in the developing world. (It doesn't do much good for farmers in places like sub-Saharan Africa to produce more food if theycan't get it to hungry consumers. ) I'd like to see more non-industry research done on GM crops--not just because we'd worryless about bias, but also because seed companies like Monsanto and Pioneer shouldn't be the only entities working to harness genetic modification. I'd like to see GM research on less commercial crops, like corn. I don't think it's vital to label GM ingredients in food, but I also wouldn't be against it--and industry would be smart to go along with labeling, just as a way of removing fears about the technology.Most of all, though, I wish a tenth of the energy that's spent endlessly debating GMcrops was focusedon those more pressing challenges for global agriculture. There are much bigger battles to fight.56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?A. Breaking the GM food monopoly.B. More friendly exchange of ideas.C. Regulating GM food production.D. More scientific research on GM crops58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60.What does the author think of the ongoing debate around GM crops?A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.Passage Two Early decision--you apply to one school, and admission is binding--seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage ofearly-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you're done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents don't realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and arguably make a more informed decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated (专注) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time forfarther reflection, may not actually be right for them.Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, there's an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under earlydecision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?A. Look into a lot of schools before they apply. B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer. D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decision?A. To make sure they get qualified students. B. To avoid competition with other colleges. C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?A. It makes their application process more complicated. B. It places too high a demand on their research ability. C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions. D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?A. It interferes with students' learning in high school. B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools. C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families. B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools. D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）The report from the Bureau of Labor Statistics was just as gloomy as anticipated．Unemployment in January jumped to a l6一year high of 7．6 percent，as 598 000 jobs were slashed from US payrolls in the worstsingle-month decline since December，1974．With l．8 million iobs lost in the last three months．there is urgent desire to boost the economy as quickly as possible．But Washington would do well to take a deep breath before reacting to the grim numbers．Collectively，we rely on the unemployment figures and other statistics toframe our sense of reality．They are a vital part of an array of data that we use to assess if we’re doing well or doing badly，and that in turn shapes government policies and corporate budgets and personal spending decisions．The problem is that the statistics aren’t an objective measure of reality；they are simply a best approximation．Directionally，they capture the trends，but the idea that we know precisely how many are unemployed is a myth．That makes finding a solution all the more difficult．First，there is the way the data is assembled．The official unemployment rate is the product of a telephone survey of about 60 000 homes．There is another survey，sometimes referred to as the“payroll survey，”that assesses 400 000 businesses based on their reported payrolls．Both surveys have problems．The payroll survey can easily double-count someone：if you are one person with two jobs，you show up as two workers．The payroll survey also doesn’t capture the number of self．employed，and so says little about how many people are generating an independent income．The household survey has a larger problem．When asked straightforwardly，people tend to lie orshade the truth when the subject is sex，money or employment．If you get a call and are asked if you’re employed．and you say yes，you’re employed．If you say n0，however，it may surprise you to learn that．You are only unemployed if you’ve been actively looking for work in the past four weeks；otherwise，you are。
2015年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题及答案(三套全)
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题1Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A1. A) Prepare for his exams.B) Catch up on his work.C) Attend the concert.D) Go on a vacation.2. A) Three crew members were involved in the incident.B) None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C) The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D) None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A) An article about the election.B) A tedious job to be done.C) An election campaign.D) A fascinating topic.4. A) The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.B) The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C) The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D) Chinatown has got the best restaurant in the city.5. A) He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B) He is going to take on a new job next week.C) He has many things to deal with right now.D) He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A) A large number of students refused to vote last night.B) At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C) Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D) More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A) The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B) The speakers like watching TV very much.C) The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV.D) The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A) The woman should have retired earlier. 4B) He will help the woman solve the problem.C) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D) The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) Persuade the man to join her company.B) Employ the most up-to-date technology.C) Export bikes to foreign markets.D) Expand their domestic business.10. A) The state subsidizes small and medium enterprises.B) The government has control over bicycle imports.C) They can compete with the best domestic manufactures.D) They have a cost advantage and can charge higher prices.11. A) Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.B) More workers will be needed to do packaging.C) They might lose to foreign bike manufacturers.D) It is very difficult to find suitable local agents.12. A) Report to the management.B) Attract foreign investments.C) Conduct a feasibility study.D) Consult financial experts.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Coal burnt daily for the comfort of our homes.B) Anything that can be used to produce power.C) Fuel refined from oil extracted from underground.D) Electricity that keeps all kinds of machines running.14. A) Oil will soon be replaced by alternative energy sources.B) Oil reserves in the world will be exhausted in a decade.C) Oil consumption has given rise to many global problems.D) Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2015.15. A) Minimize the use of fossil fuels.B) Start developing alternative fuels.C) Find the real cause for global warming.D) Take steps to reduce the greenhouse effect.Section BPassage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) The ability to predict fashion trends.B) A refined taste for artistic works.C) Years of practical experience.D) Strict professional training.17. A) Promoting all kinds of American hand-made specialities.B) Strengthening cooperation with foreign governments.C) Conducting trade in art works with dealers overseas.D) Purchasing handicrafts from all over the world.18. A) She has access to fashionable things.B) She is doing what she enjoys doing.C) She can enjoy life on a modest salary.D) She is free to do whatever she wants.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) Join in neighborhood patrols.B) Get involved in his community.C) V oice his complaints to the city council.D) Make suggestions to the local authorities.20. A) Deterioration in the quality of life.B) Increase of police patrols at night.C) Renovation of the vacant buildings.D) Violation of community regulations.21. A) They may take a long time to solve.B) They need assistance form the city.C) They have to be dealt with one by one. D) They are too big for individual efforts.22. A) He had got some groceries at a big discount.B) He had read a funny poster near his seat.C) He had done a small deed of kindness.D) He had caught the bus just in time.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) Childhood and family growth.B) Pressure and disease.C) Family life and health. D) Stress and depression.24. A) It experienced a series of misfortunes.B) It was in the process of reorganization.C) His mother died of a sudden heart attack.D) His wife left him because of his bad temper.25. A) They would give him a triple bypass surgery.B) They could remove the block in his artery.C) They could do nothing to help him.D) They would try hard to save his life.Section CWhen most people think of the word “education”, they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casting, the teachers (26) stuff “education.”But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not (27) the stuffing of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the (28) of what is in the mind.“The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the (29) Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him.”And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, “I know, learn from me。
2015年6月全国英语六级考试真题及答案（卷1）（6）
2015年6月全国英语六级考试真题及答案（卷1）（6）58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A. Recession.B. Deflation.C. Inequality.D. Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A. Develop a new monetary program.B. Restore public confidence.C. Tighten financial regulation.D. Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A. She possesses strong persuasive power.B. She has confidence in what she is doing.C. She is one of the world's greatest economists.D. She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Air pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself.If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that whicl exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods tha cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the ai polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapi deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversibl disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn t share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplishe together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere c the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come t view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rathe than a web of quantifiableobjects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we woulfinally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年6月大学英语六级考试(cet6)真题及答案(全三套)
2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it. " You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)听力音频地址：/englishlistening/CET6/zhenti/2015-12-20/411536.htmlSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D ), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2015年6月大学英语六级真题答案完整版
2015年6月大学英语六级真题答案完整版写作：In this constantlychangingworld, how to put the knowledge acquired every day into reality hasintrigued numerous people. As a proverb goes, “Knowledge is atreasure, but practice is the key to it.” Apparently,this sayingaims to deliver the message that if we truly want to master theknowledge we learn, we ought not to stoppracticingit.第一段三句话，用核心词引入+带出引言+引言的目的There are severalreasonsaccountable for this statement. To begin with, human being areforgetful beings; therefore, only when we use knowledge, makemistakes, and try to use it again will we be able to rememberit byour heart. Moreover, knowledge has become growingly complicated andwe can seldom genuinely grasp the essence of it ifwe do notpractice it and ponder it over again and again. For instance, thereused to be simple diseases, such as the cold and measles, and adoctor might have the knowledge to treat all the common ones.However, with our living environment becoming ever increasinglyharsher, the diseases have evolved into weird, irremediable, andunpredictable ones. Therefore, the medication has been divided intonumerous branches, and doctors of each one have to practice foryears only in order to cure the diseases belonging tothe similarsort.第二段，解释引言。
2015年6月12月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案(共六套)
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility."All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions. D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A) She possesses strong persuasive power. C) She is one of the world's greatest economists.B) She has confidence in what she is doing. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.D) Large-scale deforestation across the world.64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.答案解析56．【定位】NN-P0的many people和the biggest『c)[解析l细节辨认题。
6月英语六级阅读理解试题
6月英语六级阅读理解试题2015年6月英语六级阅读理解试题Which is safer-staying at home， traveling to work on public transport， or working in the office? Surprisingly， each of these carries the same risk， which is very low. However， what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately， the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact， the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity， and almost as safe as staying at home.The trouble with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death to those living nearby. It is this which makes chemical accidents so newsworthy. Fortunately，they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at Texas City (1947)，Flixborough (1974)， Seveso (1976)， Pemex (1984) and Bhopal (1984)。
Some of these are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small. No one died at Seveso， and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was Bhopal，where up to 3，000 were killed. The Texas City explosion of fertilizer killed 552. The Pemex fire at a storage plant for natural gas in the suburbs of Mexico City took 542 lives， just a month before the unfortunate event at Bhopal.Some experts have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a particular danger. Thus the T exas City explosion was caused by tons of ammonium nitrate(硝酸铵)，which is safe unless stored in great quantity. The Flixborough fireball was the fault of management， which took risks to keep production going during essential repairs. The Seveso accidentshows what happens if the local authorities lack knowledge of the danger on their doorstep. When the poisonous gas drifted over the town， local leaders were incapable of taking effective action. The Pemex fire was made worse by an overloaded site in an overcrowded suburb. The fire set off a chain reaction os exploding storage tanks. Yet，by a miracle，the two largest tanks did not explode. Had these caught fire，then 3，000 strong rescue team and fire fighters would all have died.1.Which of the following statements is true?A.Working at the office is safer than staying at home.B.Traverlling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.C.Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.D.Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.2.Chemical accidents are usually important enough to be reported as news because ____.A.they are very rareB.they often cause loss of lifeC.they always occur in big citiesD.they arouse the interest of all the readers3.According to passage， the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at ____.A.Texas cityB.FlixboroughC.SevesoD.Mexico City4.From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of ____.A.natural gas， which can easily catch fireB.fertilizer， which can't be stored in a great quantityC.poisonous substance，which can't be used inovercrowded areasD.fuel， which is stored in large tanks5.From the discussion among some experts we may coclude that ____.A.to avoid any accidents we should not repair the facilities in chemical industryB.the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the chemical industryC.all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measure had been takenD.natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe答案：DBABC。
【六级答案】2015年6月英语六级答案完整版-推荐下载
【六级答案】2015年6月英语六级答案完整版六级作文范文Practice is the Key to KnowledgeNowadays almost every person has a clear notion about the importance of knowledge, with which we can make great difference to our world. However, the contribution of practice should also be awarded.Practice is considered significant because it can turn abstract ideas into tangible results. Only through practice can we truly develop our own understanding about the essence of the new knowledge, or else the treasure of knowledge would still be words printed on papers. Moreover, the vilification of new theories requires us to focus more on the practical side, which helps people to learn better compared with the mechanical way of reading and memorizing. In addition, practice makes people acquire information in an active way, thus more innovative thoughts are likely to be generated in the process and then applied to make our future life more exciting.As far as I am concerned, practice is essential for people to understand, to review and to optimize the information we receive. It is practice that produces enjoyable life and makes knowledge truly valuable.The Impact of Interest on People’s SuccessAs is known to all, the success of a person needs the right guidance and interest is undoubtedly the best teacher. Even Albert Einstein, the world-renowned physicist, said, “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious.” So it is high time that people explore and cultivate their own interest.Passionate curiosity can be developed in one’s childhood or in one’s sixties, but once it is ignited, it can change people’s way of study, work and living. On the one hand, interest makes one’s pursuit of knowledge successful and enjoyable. For instance, the pianist Langlang, who plays piano with great love, is awarded a lot of prizes at home and abroad. On the other hand, curiosity helps to resolve difficulties constantly. A worker with curiosity is more likely to dig into the essence of the problem and thus accomplish more creative tasks.I would like to end up with the famous educator Herbert Spencer’s words which I can’t agree more, “If the interest and enthusiasm among us are cultivated smoothly in the first place, most people will become talents or geniuses.”Being Great by Doing Small ThingsThere is no doubt that many people want to be great and successful, but only a few can climb to the top and be admired by the world. However, it doesn’t mean that most of us are losers. Actually everyone can achieve high by doing small things in a great way.We have to admit that there are something that we cannot accomplish right now, but it isn’t theexcuse for us to stop trying. Being great needs time and patience, so only when all small accomplishments add up can many impossibilities gradually turn to possibilities. At least, one won’t regret for not making effort to achieve the goal. For example, one may doesn’t have the resources or training on how to be a world-class musician, but by constant practice of every short piece of music, he can still bring happiness, comfort and inspiration to his family members and friends, then this person is great in the eyes of the audiences.Therefore, never cease the pace on the road to our dreams. As long as we stick to our goal and be serious to whatever related to it, we can be considered as great.六级听力答案短对话1. C. Attend the concert.2. D. None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A. An article about the election.4. A. The restaurant was not up to the speaker’s expectations.5. C. He has many things to deal with right now.6. D. More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. B. The speakers like watching TV very much.8. D. The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.长对话9. C) Export bikes to foreign markets.10. B) The government has control over bicycle imports.11. A) Extra costs might eat up their profits abroad.12. C) Conduct a feasibility study.13. B) Anything that can be used to produce power.14. D) Oil production will begin to decline worldwide by 2025.15. B) Start developing alternative fuels.短文第一篇16. What is said to make a good department store buyer?答案：A) The ability to predict fashion trend.【点评】答案出现在文章的开头部分，They not only have to know what is fashionable at the moment, but also have to guess what will become fashionable next season or next year. 告诉我们，买手们不但要熟知当下的流行，并且能够预测下一季或是明天的流行趋势。
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(共三套)
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Reading comprehension Section A Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___36___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has ___37___ many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___38___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___39___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___40___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered ___41___, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___42___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects oftechnology may make themselves evident faster than its ___43___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's ___44___ will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but ___45___ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.Section BWhy the Mona Lisa Stands Out[A] Have you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a sculpture renowned as a classic, struggling to see what the fuss is about? If so, you‟ve prob ably pondered the question Cutting asked himself that day: how does a work of art come to be considered great?[B] The intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and reproduced in books are the ones that have proved their artistic value over time. If you can‟t see they‟re superior, that‟s your problem. It‟s an intimidatingly neat explanation. But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it, raising the possibility that artistic canons are little more than fossilised historical accidents.[C] Cutting, a professor at Cornell University, wondered if a psychological mechanism known as the “mere-exposure effect” played a role in deciding which paintings rise to the top of the cultural league. Cutting designed an experiment to test his hunch. Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art-history books. Others were lesser known but of comparable quality. These were exposed four times as often. Afterwards, the students preferred them to the canonical works, while a control group of students liked the canonical ones best. Cutting‟s students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen themmore.[D] Cutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed. He points out that the most reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century. The preferences of these men bestowed prestige on certain works, which made the works more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in anthologies. The fame passed down the years, gaining momentum from mere exposure as it did so. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics created sophisticated justifications for its pre-eminence. After all, it‟s not just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. As contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critical acclaim is deeply entwined with publicity. “Scholars”, Cutting argues, “are no different from the public in the effects of mere exposure.” [E] The process described by Cutting evokes a principle that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls “cumulative advantage”: once a thing become s popular, it will tend to become more popular still.A few years ago, Watts, who is employed by Microsoft to study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting in another Paris museum. After queuing to see the “MonaLisa” in its climate-controlled bulletproof box at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?[F] When Watts looked into the histo ry of “the greatest painting of all time”, he discovered that, for most of its life, the “Mona Lisa” remained in relative obscurity. In the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the “Mona Lisa”. It was only in the 20th century that Leonardo‟s portrait of his patron‟s wife rocketed to the number-one spot. What propelled it there wasn‟t a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.[G] In 1911 a ma intenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the “Mona Lisa” hidden under his smock. Parisians were aghast at the theft of a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention. When the museum reopened, people queued to see the gap where the “Mona Lisa” had once hung in a way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the “Mona Lisa” came to represent Western culture itself.[H] Although many have tried, it does seem improbable that the painting‟s unique status can be attributed entirely to the quality of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the subject‟s eyes follow the viewer around the room. But as the painting‟s biographer, Donald Sassoon, dryly notes, “In reality the effect can be obtained from any portrait.” Duncan Watts proposes that the “Mona Lisa” is merely an extreme example of a general rule. Paintings, poems and pop songs are buoyed or sunk by random events or preferences that turn into waves of influence, rippling down the generations.[I] “Saying that cultural objects have value,” Brian Eno once wrote, “is like saying that telephones have conversations.” Nearly all the cultural objects we consume arrive wrapped in inherited opinion; our preferences are always, to some extent, someone else‟s. Visitors to the “Mona Lisa” know they are about to visit the greatest work of art ever and come away appropriately impressed—or let down. An audience at a performance of “Hamlet” know it is regarded as a work of genius, so that is what they mostly see. Watts even calls the pre-eminence of Shakespeare a “historical accident”.[J] Although the rigid high-low distinction fell apart in the 1960s, we still use culture as a badge of identity. Today‟s fashion for eclecticism—“I love Bach, Abba and Jay Z”—is, Shamus Khan , a Columbia University psychologist, argues, a new way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive to be the narrow tastes of those beneath them in the social hierarchy. [K] The intrinsic quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it‟s more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all, a work needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept to the top of the pile. The “Mona Lisa” may not be a worthy world champion, but it was in the Louvre in the first place, and not by accident. Secondly, some stuff is simply better than other stuff. Read “Hamlet” after reading even the greatest of Shakespeare‟s contemporaries, and the difference may strike you as unarguable. [L] A study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn‟t work the same way on everything, and points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say that we should be a little skeptical of greatness, and that we should always look in the next room. Great art and mediocrity can get confused, even by experts. But that‟s why we need to see, and read, as much as we can. The more we‟re exposed to the goodand the bad, the better we are at telling the difference. The eclecticists have it.46. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the "Mona Lisa" to Leonardo's other works resulted from the cumulative advantage.47. Some social scientists have raised doubts about the intrinsic value of certain works of art.48. It is often random events or preferences that determine the fate of a piece of art.49. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works better than canonical works because of more exposure.50. The author thinks the greatness of an art work still lies in its intrinsic value.51. It is true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is closely associated with publicity.52. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior from the inferior.53. A study of the history of the greatest paintings suggests even a great work of art could experience years of neglect.54. Culture is still used as a mark to distinguish one social class from another.55. Opinions about and preferences for cultural objects are often inheritable.Section C Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yeilen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history withoutderailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed' more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.Yellen is likely to address right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says' "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." AH those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions.D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A) She possesses strong persuasive power. B) She has confidence in what she is doing.C) She is one of the world's greatest economists. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs onenvironmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay theclosest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air. D) Large-scale deforestation across the world. 64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。
2014年6月至2015年6月英语六级阅读理解真题及答案【9套卷全】
2015。
06【1】Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment，that person’s influence is greatly expanded。
That is the position in which Janet Yellen，who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank （FeD。
in January，now finds herself. If you believe，as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now。
56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen？【C】A。
Lack of money. B。
Subprime crisis。
C. Unemployment。
D。
Social instability.57。
What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis？【D】A。
Take effective measures to curb inflation.B。
Deflate the bubbles in the American economy。
C。
Formulate policies to help financial institutions。
卓顶精文2015年6月至2019年6月英语六级长阅读理解真题及答案【9套卷全】
2019.06【1】LessonsFromaFeministParadiseA．Onthesurface,Swedenappearstobeafeministparadise.Lookatanyglobalsurveyofg enderequalityandSwedenwillbenearthetop.Family-friendlypoliciesareitsnorm--with1 6monthsofpaidparentalleave,specialprotectionsforpart-timeworkers,andstate-subsi dizedpreschoolswhere,accordingtoagovernmentwebsite,"gender-awarenesseducationis increasinglycommon."Duetoanunofficialquotasystem,womenhold45percentofpositionsi ntheSwedishparliament.Theyhaveenjoyedtheprotectionofgovernmentagencieswithtitle sliketheMinistryofIntegrationandGenderEqualityandtheSecretariatofGenderResearch .SowhyareAmericanwomensofaraheadoftheirSwedishcounterpartsinbreakingthroughtheg lassceiling?B．Ina2019report,theWorldEconomicForumfoundthatwhenitcomestoclosingthegendergap in"economicparticipationandopportunity,"theUnitedStatesisaheadofnotonlySwedenbu talsoFinland,Denmark,theNetherlands,Iceland,Germany,andtheUnitedKingdom.Sweden' srankinthereportcanlargelybeexplainedbyitspoliticalquotasystem.ThoughtheUnitedS tateshasfewerwomenintheworkforce(68percentcomparedtoSweden's77percent),American womenwhochoosetobeemployedarefarmorelikelytoworkfull-timeandtoholdhigh-leveljob sasmanagersorprofessionals.Theyalsoownmorebusinesses,launchmorestart-ups(新创办的企业),andmoreoftenworkintraditionallymalefields.Asforbreakingthroughtheglassceili nginbusiness,Americanwomenarewellinthelead.C．WhatexplainstheAmericanadvantage?HowcanitbethatsocietieslikeSweden,wheregend erequalityisvigorouslypursuedandenforced,havefewerfemalemanagers,executives,pro fessionals,andbusinessownersthanthelaissez-faire(自由放任的)UnitedStates?AnewstudybyCornelleconomistsFrancineBlauandLawrenceKahngivesane xplanation.D．Generousparentalleavepoliciesandreadilyavailablepart-timeoptionshaveunintend edconsequences:insteadofstrengtheningwomen'sattachmenttotheworkplace,theyappear toweakenit.Inadditiontoa16-monthleave,aSwedishparenthastherighttoworksixhoursad ay(forareducedsalary)untilhisorherchildiseightyearsold.Mothersarefarmorelikelyt hanfatherstotakeadvantageofthislaw.Butextendedleavesandpart-timeemploymentarekn owntobeharmfultocareers--forbothgenders.Andwithwomenasecondfactorcomesintoplay: mostseemtoenjoytheflexible-timearrangement(onceknownasthe"mommytrack")andneverf indtheirwaybacktofull-timeorhigh-levelemployment.Insum:generousfamily-friendlyp oliciesdokeepmorewomeninthelabormarket,buttheyalsotendtodiminishtheircareers.E．AccordingtoBlauandKahn,Swedish-stylepaternal(父亲的)leavepoliciesandflexible-timearrangementsposeasecondthreattowomen'sprogress: theymakeemployerscautiousabouthiringwomenforfull-timepositionsatall.Offeringajo btoamanisthesaferbet.Heisfarlesslikelytotakeayearofparentalleaveandthenreturnon areducedworkscheduleforthenexteightyears.F．Ibecameawareofthetrialsofcareer-focusedEuropeanwomenafewyearsagowhenImetapos t-doctoralstudentfromGermanywhowasthenavisitingfellowatJohnsHopkins.Shewasaston ishedbytheprofessionalpossibilitiesaffordedtoyoungAmericanwomen.HerbesthopeinGe rmanywasagovernmentjob-prospectsforwomenintheprivatesectorweredim."InGermany,"s hetoldme,"wehaveallthebenefits,butemployersdon'twanttohireus."G．SwedisheconomistsMagnusHenreksonandMikaelStenkulaaddressedthefollowingquesti onintheir2019study:whyaretheresofewfemaletopexecutivesintheEuropeanegalitarian(平等主义的)welfarestates?Theiranswer:"Broad-basedwelfare-statepolicieshinderwomen'srepr esentationinelitecompetitivepositions."H．ItistemptingtodeclaretheSwedishpoliciesregressive(退步的)andhailtheAmericansystemassuperior.Butthatwouldbeshortsighted.TheSwedescance rtainlytakealessonfromtheUnitedStatesandlookforwaystoclearapathfortheirambitiou sfemalecareerists.Butmostwomenarenotcommittedcareerists.WhenthePewResearchCente rrecentlyaskedAmericanparentstoidentifytheir"ideal"lifearrangement,47percentofm otherssaidtheywouldprefertoworkpart-timeand20percentsaidtheywouldprefernottowor katall.Fathersanswereddifferently:75percentpreferredfull-timework.Someversionof theSwedishsystemmightworkwellforamajorityofAmericanparents,buttheUnitedStatesis unlikelytofullyembracetheSwedishmodel.Still,wecanlearnfromtheirexperience.I)Despiteitsfailuretoshattertheglassceiling,Swedenhasoneofthemostpowerfulandinn ovativeeconomiesintheworld.Inits2019-2019survey,theWorldEconomicForumrankedSwed enastheworld'sthirdmostcompetitiveeconomy;theUnitedStatescameinfifth.Sweden,dub bedthe"rockstaroftherecovery"intheWashingtonPost,alsoleadstheworldinlifesatisfa ctionandhappiness.Itisasocietywellworthstudying,anditseffortstoconquerthegender gapimpartavitallesson--thoughnotthelessontheSwedeshadinmind.J)Swedenhasgonefartherthananyothernationonearthtointegratethesexesandtoofferwom enthesameopportunitiesandfreedomsasmen.Fordecades,thesedescendantsoftheVikingsh avebeentryingtoshowtheworldthattherightmixofenlightenedpolicy,consciousnessrais ing,andnon-sexistchildrearingwouldclosethegenderdivideonceandforall.Yetthedivid epersists.K)A2019pressreleasefromStatisticsSwedenbearsthetitle"GenderEqualityinSwedenTrea ding(踩)Water"andnotes:~Thetotalincomefromemploymentforallagesislowerforwomenthanformen.~Oneinthreeemp loyedwomenandoneintenemployedmenworkpart-time.~Women'sworkingtimeisinfluencedbythenumberandageoftheirchildren,butmen'sworking timeisnotaffectedbythesefactors.~Ofallemployees,only13percentofthewomenand12percentofthemenhaveoccupationswitha nevendistributionofthesexes.L)Confrontedwithsuchfacts,someSwedishactivistsandlegislatorsaredemandingmoreext remeandfar-reachingmeasures,suchasreplacingmaleandfemalepronounswithaneutralalt ernativeandmonitoringchildrenmorecloselytocorrectthemwhentheygravitate(被吸引)towardgenderedplay.Whenitcametolightlastyearthatmothers,farmorethanfathers,c hosetostayhomefromworktocarefortheirsickkids,UlfKristersson,ministerofsocialsec urity,quicklycommissionedastudytodeterminethecausesofandpossiblecuresforthisdis turbingstateofaffairs.M)Swedishfamilypolicies,byaccommodatingwomen'spreferenceseffectively,arereducin gthenumberofwomeninelitecompetitivepositions.TheSwedeswillfindthisparadoxicalan dtrytofindsolutions.Letushopethesedonotincludebanninggenderpronouns,policingchi ldren'splay,implementingmoregenderquotas,ortreatingwomen'sspecialattachmenttoho meandfamilyasasocialinjustice.Mostmothersdonotaspireto(向往)elite,competitivefull-timepositions:theSwedishpolicieshavegiventhemthefreedo mandopportunitytolivethelivestheyprefer.Americansshouldlookpastthegenderrhetori candconsiderwhattheseScandinavianshaveachieved.Ontheirwaytocreatingafeministpar adise,theSwedeshaveunintentionallycreatedahaven(避风港)fornormalmortals.46.Swedenhasdonemorethanothernationstoclosethegendergap,butitcontinuestoexist.【J】47.Swedenisoneofthemostcompetitiveeconomiesintheworldanditspeopleenjoythegreate stlifesatisfaction.【I】48.MoreAmericanwomenholdelitejobpositionsinbusinessthanSwedishwomen.【B】49.Swedishfamily-friendlypoliciestendtoexertanegativeinfluenceonwomen'scareers.【D】50.ThequotasysteminSwedenensureswomen'sbetterrepresentationingovernment.【A】51.ThoughtheSwedishmodelappearsworkableformostAmericanparents,itmaynotbeaccepte dbytheminitsentirety.【H】52.Swedishwomenareallowedthefreedomandopportunitytochoosetheirownwayoflife.【M】53.Swedishemployersarehesitantabouthiringwomenforfull-timepositionsbecauseofthe family-friendlypolicies.【E】54.Gender-awarenesseducationisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinstate-subsidizedpresc hoolsinSweden.【A】55.SomelawmakersinSwedenproposethatgenderlesspronounsbeusedintheSwedishlanguage.【L】2019.06【2】TheStreet-LevelSolutionA．WhenIwasgrowingup,oneofmyfather'sfavoritesayings(borrowedfromthehumoristWill Rogers)was:"Itisn'twhatwedon'tknowthatcausesthetrouble;it'swhatwethinkweknowtha tjustain'tso."Oneofthemaininsightstobetakenfromthe100000HomesCampaignanditsstra tegytoendchronichomelessnessisthat,untilrecently,oursocietythoughtitunderstoodt henatureofhomelessness,butitdidn't.B．Thatledtoaseriesofmistakenassumptionsaboutwhypeoplebecomehomelessandwhatthey need.Manyoftheerrorsinourhomelessnesspolicieshavestemmedfromtheconceptionthatth ehomelessareahomogeneousgroup.It'sonlyinthepast15yearsthatorganizationslikeComm onGround,andothers,havetakenastreet-levelviewoftheproblem--distinguishingthe"ep isodicallyhomeless"fromthe,"chronicallyhomeless"inordertounderstandtheirneedsat anindividuallevel.Thisiswhywecannowenvisageadifferentapproach--andgetbetterresu lts.C．Mostreadersexpressedsupportfortheeffort,althoughanumberwereskeptical,andafew utterlydismissive,aboutthechancesoflong-termhomelesspeopleadaptingwelltohousing .Thisistobeexpected;it'shardtoimaginewhatwehaven'tyetseen.AsNiccol6Machiavelliw roteinThePrince,oneofthemajorobstaclesinanyefforttoadvancesystemicchangeisthe"i ncredulityofmen,"whichistosaythatpeople"donotreadilybelieveinnewthingsuntilthey havehadalongexperienceofthem."Mostofushavewitnessedhomelesspeopleonthestreetsfordecades.Fewhaveseenformerlyhomelesspeopleaftertheyhavebeenhousedsuccessfully.W edon'thavereferencepointsforthatstory.Sowegeneralizefromwhatweknow--orthinkwekn ow.D．Butthatcanbemisleading,eventoexperts.WhenIaskedRosanneHaggerty,foundeofCommo nGround,whichcurrentlyoperates2310unitsofsupportivehousing(with552moreundercons truction),whathadbeenherbiggestsurpriseinthiswork,shereplied:"Fifteenyearsago,I wouldnothavebelievedthatpeoplewhohadbeensobrokenandstuckinhomelessnesscouldthri vetothedegreethattheydoinourbuildings."AndBeckyKanis,thecampaign'sdirector,comm ented:"Thereisthissenseinourmindsthatsomeonewho'sonthestreetsisalmostintheirDNA differentfromsomeonewhohasahouse.Thecampaigniscreatingafirst-handexperienceform anypeoplethatthatisreallynotthecase."E．OneofthestartlingrealizationsthatIhadwhileresearchingthiscolumnisthatanybody couldbecomelikeahomelessperson--allittakesisatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury.Abicyclefall,acaraccident,aslipontheice,orifyou'reasoldier,ahead wound--andyourlifecouldbecomeunrecognizable.JamesO'Connell,adoctorwhohasbeentre atingthemostvulnerablehomelesspeopleonthestreetsofBostonfor25years,estimatestha t40percentofthelong-termhomelesspeoplehe'smethadsuchabraininjury."Formanyitwasa headinjurypriortothetimetheybecamehomeless,"hesaid."Theybecameunpredictable.The y'dhavemoodswings,fitsofexplosivebehavior.Theycouldn'tholdontotheirjobs.Drinkin gmadethemfeelbetter.They'denduponthestreets."F．Oncehomelesspeoplereturntohousing,they'reinamuchbetterpositiontorebuildtheir lives.Butit'simportanttonotethathousingaloneisnotenough.Aswithmanycomplexsocial problems,whenyougetthroughtheinitialcrisis,youhaveanotherproblemtosolvewhichisn olesschallenging.Butitisabetterproblem.G．Overthepastdecade,O'Connellhasseenthishappen."Ispendhalfmytimeonthestreetsor inthehospitalandtheotherhalfmakinghousecallstopeoplewholivedforyearsonthestreet s,"hesaid."Sofromadoctor'spointofviewit'sadelightfulswitch,butit'snotasifputtin gsomeoneinhousingistheanswertoaddressingalloftheirproblems.It'sthefirststep."H．Onceinhousing,formerlyhomelesspeoplecanbecomeisolatedandlonely.Ifthey'velive donthestreetsforyears,theymayhaveacquiredacertainstandingaswellasasenseofpridei ntheirsurvivalskills.Nowindoors,thoseaspectsoftheiridentitymaybestrippedaway.Ma nyalsoexperienceaprofounddisorientationattheoutset."Ifyou'rehomelessformorethan sixmonths,youkindofloseyourbearings,"saysHaggerty."Existencebecomesnotaboutover cominghomelessnessbutaboutfindingfood,begging,lookingforajobtosurviveanotherday .Thewholeprocessofhowyoudefinestabilitygetsreordered."I．Manyneedregular,ifnotcontinuous,supportwithmentalhealthproblems,addictionsan dillnesses-and,equallyimportant,assistanceintheday-to-daychallengesoflife,reacq uaintingwithfamily,buildingrelationshipswithneighbors,findingenjoyableactivitie sorwork,managingfinances,andlearninghowtoeathealthyfood.J．Forsomepeople,thebestsolutionistoliveinacommunal(集体)residence,withspecialservices.Thisisn'tavailableeverywhere,however.InBoston, forexample,homelesspeopletendtobescatteredinapartmentsthroughoutthecity.K．CommonGround'slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforcha ngewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports.Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga, theatreandphotography,styear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfour ofCommonGround'sresidences,foundjobs.L．Becausethepropertieshavemanyservicesandarewell-managed,Haggertyhasfoundposth ousingproblemstobesurprisinglyrare.Inthepast10years,therehavebeenonlyahandfulof incidentsofquarrelsbetweentenants.Thereisverylittlegraffiti(破坏)orvandalism(涂鸦).Andtheturnoverisalmostnegligible.InthePrinceGeorgeHotelinNewYork,whichishom eto208formerlyhomelesspeopleand208low-incometenants,theaveragelengthoftenancyis closetosevenyears.(Allresidentspay30percentoftheirincomeforrentfortheformerlyho meless,thiscomesoutoftheirgovernmentbenefits.)Whenpeoplemoveon,itisusuallybecau sethey'vefoundapreferableapartment.M．"Tenantsalsowanttoparticipateinshapingthepublicareasofthebuildings,"saidHagg erty."Theyformedagardeningcommittee.Theywantaterraceontheroof.ThosearethingsIdi dn'tcounton."Themostcommontenantdemand?"Peoplealwayswantmorestoragespace--butth at'strueofeveryNewYorker,"sheadds."Inmanyways,we'realotlikeanormalapartmentbuil ding.Ourtenantslooklikeanyoneelse."N．AsImentioned,homelessnessisacatch-allforavarietyofproblems.Anumberofreadersa skedwhetherthecampaignwilladdressfamilyhomelessness,whichhasdifferentcausesandr equiresadifferentsolution.I'vebeenfollowingsomeofthepromisingideasemergingtoadd terin2019,I'llexploretheseideasinacolumn.For now,l'11concludewithanupdateonthe100000HomesCampaign.SinceTuesday,NewOrleansand afewothercommunitieshavereportednewresults.Thecurrentcountofpeoplehousedis7043.46.TenantsinCommonGround'sresidencesallwantmoreroomforstorage.【M】47.HomesCampaignprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebel ievedtobe.【D】monGround'sresidencesarewell-managedandbyandlargepeaceful.【L】49.Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems.【G】50.Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury.【E】51.Afterbeinghousedmanyhomelesspeoplebecomeconfusedatfirstastohowtodealwithlife offthestreet.【H】52.Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousing.【J】53.Thehomelesswithhealthproblemsshouldbegivenregularsupportintheirdailylives.【I】54.UntilrecentlyAmericansocietyhasfailedtoseewhathomelessnessisallabout.【A】55.ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork'sCommonGround'sresidencesgothired.【K】2019.06【3】WhatIfMiddle-ClassJobsDisappear? A．ThemostrecentrecessionintheUnitedStatesbeganinDecember2019andendedinJune2019,accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.However,twoyearsaftertheofficia lendoftherecession,fewAmericanswouldsaythateconomictroublesarebehindus.Theunemp loymentrate,inparticular,remainsabove9%.Somelabormarketindicators,suchastheprop ortionoflong-termunemployed,areworsenowthanforanypostwarrecession.B．Therearetwowidelycirculatednarrativestoexplainwhat'sgoingon.TheKeynesiannarr ativeisthattherehasbeenamajordropinaggregatedemand.Accordingtothisnarrative,the slumpcanbelargelycuredbyusingmonetaryandfiscal(财政的)stimulus.Themainanti-Keynesiannarrativeisthatbusinessesaresufferingfromuncer taintyandover-regulation.Accordingtothisnarrative,theslumpcanbecuredbyhavingthe governmentcommittoandfollowamorehands-offapproach.C．Iwanttosuggestathirdinterpretation.Withoutrulingoutaroleforaggregatedemandor fortheregulatoryenvironment,Iwishtosuggestthatstructuralchangeisanimportantfact orinthecurrentrateofhighunemployment.Theeconomyisinastateoftransition,inwhichth emiddle-classjobsthatemergedafterWorldWar[[havebeguntodecline.AsErikBrynjolfsso nandAndrewMcAfeeputitinarecente-bookRaceAgainsttheMachine:"Therootofourproblems isnotthatwe'reinagreatrecession,oragreatstagnation(停滞),butratherthatweareintheearlythroes(阵痛)ofagreatrestructuring."D．Infact,IbelievetheGreatDepressionofthe1930scanalsobeinterpretedinpartasaneco nomictransition.Theimpactoftheinternalcombustionengine(内燃机)andthesmallelectricmotoronfarmingandmanufacturingreducedthevalueofuneducated laborers.Instead,bythe1950s,amiddleclassoflargelyclerical(从事文秘工作的)workerswasthemostsignificantpartofthelaborforce.Between1930and1950,theUnitedStateseconomyunderwentagreattransition.Demandfellfo rhumaneffortsuchaslifting,squeezing,andhammering.Demandincreasedforworkerswhoco uldreadandfollowdirections.Theevolutionaryprocesseventuallychangedusfromanation oflaborerstoanationofclerks.E．Theproportionofemploymentclassifiedas"clericalworkers"grewfrom5.2%in1910toap eakof19.3%in1980.(However,by2000thisproportionhadedgeddownto17.4%.)Overall,work ersclassifiedasclericalworkers,technicalworkers,managersandofficialsexceeded50% ofthelaborforceby2000.Correspondingdeclinestookplaceinthemanualoccupations.Work ersclassifiedaslaborers,otherthanfarmhandsorminers,peakedat11.4%ofthelaborforce in1920butwerebarely6%by1950andlessthan4%by2000.Farmersandfarmlaborersfellfrom33 %ofthelaborforcein1910tolessthan15%by1950andonly1.2%in2000.F．Theintroductionofthetractorandimprovementsinthefactoryrapidlyreducedthedeman dforuneducatedworkers.Bythe1930s,amarginalfarmhandcouldnotproduceenoughtojustif yhisemployment.Sharecropping,nevermuchbetterthanasubsistenceoccupation,wasnolon gerviable(可行的).Meanwhile,machineswerereplacingmanufacturingoccupationslikecigarrollingandg lassblowingforlightbulbs.G．Thestructural-transitioninterpretationoftheunemploymentproblemofthe1930swoul dbethatthedemandforuneducatedworkersintheUnitedStateshadfallen,butthesupplyrema inedhigh.Thehighschoolgraduationratewasonly8.8%in1912andstilljust29%in1931.By19 50,ithadreached59%.Withanewgenerationofworkerswhohadcompletedhighschool,themism atchbetweenskillsandjobshadbeengreatlyreduced.H．WhattookplaceafterWorldWar[[wasnottherevivalofa1920seconomy,withitssmallfarm ingunits,urbanmanufacturing,andpluralityoflaborers.Instead,the1950ssawthecreati onofanewsuburbaneconomy,withapluralityofwhite-collarworkers.Withanexpandedtrans portationandcommunicationsinfrastructure(基础设施),businessesneededtelephoneoperators,shippingclerksandsimilaroccupations.Ifyo ucouldread,followsimpleinstructions,andsettleintoaroutine,youcouldfindajobinthe post-wareconomy.I．Thetrendawayfrommanuallaborhascontinued.Evenwithinthemanufacturingsector,the shareofproductionandnon-supervisoryworkersinmanufacturingemploymentwentfromover 85%justafterWorldWar[Itolessthan70%inmorerecentyears.Toputthisanotherway,thepro portionofwhite-collarworkinmanufacturinghasdoubledoverthepast50years.Onthefacto ryflooritself,workhasbecomelessphysicallydemanding.Instead,itrequiresmorecognit iveskillsandtheabilitytounderstandandcarryoutwell-definedprocedures.J．Asnotedearlier,theproportionofclericalworkersintheeconomypeakedin1980.Bythat date,computersandadvancedcommunicationsequipmenthadalreadybeguntoaffecttelephon eoperationsandbanking.Theriseofthepersonalcomputer,andtheInternethaswidenedthei mpactofthesetechnologiestoincludenearlyeverybusinessandindustry.K．Theeconomytodaydiffersfromthatofagenerationago.Mortgageandconsumerloanunderw riters(风险评估人)havebeenreplacedbycreditscoring.Recordstoreshavebeenreplacedbymusicdownloads .Bookstoresareclosing,whilesalesofbooksonelectronicreadershaveincreased.Dataent ryhasbeenmovedoffshore.Routinecustomersupportalsohasbeenoutsourced(外包)overseas.L．Thesetrendsservetolimittheavailabilityofwell-definedjobs.Ifajobcanbecharacte rizedbyaprécisesetofinstructions,thenthatjobisacandidatetobeautomatedoroutsourc edtomodestlyeducatedworkersindevelopingcountries.TheresultiswhatDavidAutorcalls thepolarizationoftheAmericanjobmarket.M．UsingthelatestCensusBureaudata,MatthewSlaughterfoundthatfrom2000to2019therea learningsofcollegegraduates(withnoadvanceddegree)fellbymoreinpercentagetermstha ntheearningsofhighschoolgraduates.Infact,overthisperiodtheonlyeducationcategory toshowanincreaseinearningswasthosewithadvanceddegrees.N．municationstechnologya ndcomputerintelligencecontinuetoimprove,puttingmoreoccupationsatrisk.Forexample ,manypeopleearnalivingasdrivers,includingtrucksandtaxicabs.However,theageofdriv erlessvehiclesappearstobemovingcloser.Anotherexampleisinthefieldofeducation.Int hefallof2019,anexperimentwithanonlinecourseinartificialintelligenceconductedbyt woStanfordprofessorsdrewtensofthousandsofregistrants(报名者).Thisincreasesthestudent-teacherratiobyafactorofclosetoathousand.Imaginethen umberofteachingjobsthatmightbeeliminatedifthiscouldbedoneformath,economics,chem istry,andsoon.O．It'simportanttobearinmindthatwhenweofferastructuralinterpretationofunemploym ent,a"lossofjobs"meansanincreaseinproductivity.Traditionally,economistshaveargu edthatproductivityincreasesareagoodthing,eventhoughtheymaycauseunemploymentfors omeworkersintheshortrun.Inthelongrun,theeconomydoesnotrunout.ofjobs.Rather,newj。
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2015年6月英语六级长篇阅读练习及
答案详解(6)
点击查看：
Passage Two
Words: 1,103
How Ozone Pollution Works
A) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you that it is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozone alert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orange alert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In this article, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced, what health hazards it poses and what you can do
to reduce ozone pollution.
B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms bound together (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone is used as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilization agent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, it is toxic. Ozone is found naturally
in small concentrations in the stratosphere, a layer of Earth’s
upper atmosphere. In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultraviolet light from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2),
forming two single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with an oxygen molecule, it becomes ozone. Stratospheric ozone has been
called “good” ozone because it protects the Earth’s surface from dangerous ultraviolet light.
C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, the lowest layer
of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (often termed “ bad ” ozone)
is man - made, a result of air pollution from internal combustion engines and power plants. Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release a family of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOx and VOC combine chemically with oxygen to form ozone during sunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summer and early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed in the heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipating during the cooler nights.
D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urban and suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well, carried by。