初中英语零基础知识点汇总

零基础英语

道勤文化学校编写

目录

第一章词类及基本句型 (3)

第二章名词 (3)

第三章一般时态 (5)

第四章代词 (6)

第五章数词 (9)

第六章常用其它时态 (13)

第七章感叹句 (15)

第八章形容词、副词比较级和最高级 (17)

第九章冠词 (19)

第十章反义疑问句 (24)

第十一章主谓一致 (27)

第十二章介词 (30)

第十三章定语从句 (33)

第十四章状语从句 (36)

第一章 词类及基本句型

一、词类

名词：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称

动词：表示动作或状态（及物动词和不及物动词） 形容词：修饰名词、代词。“……的” 副词：修饰动词、形容词。“……地”

二、基本句型

基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）

基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语 基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语

基本句型四：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 基本句型六：There be 句型

三、练习判断下列句子属于那种句型

1. He made the boy laugh.

2. Tom’s mother sounded worried.

3. My father often reads newspaper after supper.

4. We gave them some money.

5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.

6. All of us considered him honest.

7. Classes begin at eight every day.

8. The report sounds interesting.

9. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 10. The pain made him cry out. 11. You should study hard.

12. Her job is to look after the children in the

hospital.

13. They push the door open.

第二章 名词

一、名词的分类及数

（1

）名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词

专有名词 表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称 （2）名词变复数的规则 （3）特殊的名词变复数

fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works（工厂）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜数量“头”）

（5）名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数

cattle 牛（总称）、people 人民、police 警察、staff 全体员工

（6）学科类名词，形式上是复数，意义上是单数

politics 政治；physics 物理；maths 数学

（7）不可数名词

常见易错：advice建议; furniture家具; equipment设备；fun乐趣；information信息；paper纸；work 工作；progress进步；traffic交通；housework家务劳动；wealth财富。

二. 名词所有格

（1）有生命的在词尾加“’s”；无生命的用“of +名词”

（2）双重所有格构成

a/an/this/that + 名词+ of +名词性物主代词/名词所有格

注意:of 前的名词一定要有a/an/this/that等限定词

of前的名词不能是专有名词

of 后的名词必须是特定的指认的名词

如：these books of my friend’s

a friend of my father’s

a friend of mine

三、练习

1. This is ___ reading-room.

A.the teacher’s

B. teacher’s

C. teacher’s

D. the teachers’

2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.

A. the room window

B. the room’s window

C. the room of the window

D. the window of room

3. How many___ would you like?

A.paper

B. bread

C. pieces of papers

D. pieces of bread

4. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.

A. clothes

B. dress

C. clothing

D. trousers

5. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.

A. woman

B. women

C. wo man’s

D. women’s

6. He is old , but he has ___to do every day.

A. a lot of work

B. much works

C. lots of homeworks

D. quite a lot of homeworks

7. There’re many ___ in my brother’s album.

A. leafs

B. toys

C. books

D. stamps

8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of ___.

A. tomatoes

B. potatos

C. vegetable

D. meats

13.Please remember to give the horse some tree ______.

A leafs

B leaves

C leaf

D leave

14.The son asked his mother to buy _____ glasses for him.

A a type of

B a pile of

C a piece of

D a pair of

15.There is a ______ of wood left on the ground.

A cup

B piece

C box

D pair

16.---- What do you think of the _____ there? ------ They are very delicious.

A cakes

B meat

C rice

D milk

9. Today is September 10th. It’s ______ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers fo r our teachers.

A Teachers

B Teachers’

C the Teachers’

D Teacher’s

10.----Where’s your father?----- At ______.

A Mr Green’s

B Mr Green

C the Mr Green’s

D Mr Greens

11. He found two ____ in the room.

A photos

B heros

C tomatos

D potatos

12.This table is made of ______.

A many glass

B glasses

C some glasses

D glass

第三章一般时态

一、一般现在时

用法：表示经常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态；客观真理

构成：主语+be动词（am、is、are）+表语

主语（单三）+动词实义动词（s/es）

时间状语：often、usually、every（day、week、month）

二、一般过去时

用法：表示过去技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态

构成：主语+be动词（was、were）+表语

主语+动词过去式

时间状语：yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）

三、一般将来时

用法：表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情