模具设计外文翻译
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Ž.Surface and Coatings Technology142᎐1442001143᎐145Practice boratory tests for plastic injection mouldingM.Van Stappen U,K.Vandierendonck,C.Mol,E.Beeckman,E.De ClercqWTCM r CRIF,Scientific and Technical Centre for the Metalworking Industry,Uni¨ersitaire Campus,3590Diepenbeek,BelgiumAbstractDifferent types of anti-sticking coatings have been applied industrially on injection moulds for various types of plastics.Very often these tests are being done on a trial-and-error basis and results obtained are difficult to interpret.WTCM r CRIF has developed laboratory equipment where the injection moulding process can be simulated and demoulding forces and friction coefficients can be measured.These measurements were compared with surface energy calculations of the coated surfaces and of the plastic materials in order tofind a ing this approach it must be possible to make an easy and cheap selection of promising coatings towards plastic injection moulding.Another important advantage is that the understanding and modelling of the mould᎐plastic interface becomes possible.This new way of coating selection for plastic injection moulding has been demonstrated for various PVD coatings and verified for different industrial injection moulding applications.Keywords:Injection moulding;PVD coating;Modeling;Surface energy1.IntroductionPVD coatings have found their way into industry for several applications like metal cutting and deep draw-ing.Their use in plastic injection moulds has given bothw xpositive and negative results1᎐3.The unreproducible character of the results hinders further implementation in industry.To valorise the intrinsically good coating properties like chemical in-ertness vs.plastics to enhance demoulding,more in-sight is needed into the mechanism of interaction between the mould surface and the plastic material during injection moulding.To our knowledge,a systematic study of the influ-ence of mould surface roughness,mould coating, properties of the polymer like Young’s modulus,sur-face energy,polarity,structures,etc.on possible bind-ing mechanisms between the mould surface and the plastic material has never been carried out.This makes it practically impossible to understand demouldingU Corresponding author.Tel.:q32-11-26-88-26;fax:q32-11-26-88-99.mechanisms and,as a consequence of this,to select a proper coating for the injection mould.The purpose of this work was to try to simulate the injection moulding process in the laboratory and to correlate the results with surface energy measurements of the coated mould and of the plastic material.This could result in an approach to select the proper coating for a certain kind of plastic to be injected.2.Experimental detailsLaboratory equipment has been built to measure demoulding forces and friction coefficients.The mould itself is made out of tool steel1.2083and has a diame-Ž.ter of64mm and a height of30mm Fig.1.The thickness of the moulded part is2mm.A pressure sensor measures the demoulding forces.The tempera-ture inside the mould is measured by thermocouples as presented in Fig.1.All moulds were hardened to a hardness of56HRC.After a running-in period of40injections,the de-moulding force was measured10times for each coat-ing᎐plastic material combination.()M.Van Stappen et al.r Surface and Coatings Technology 142᎐1442001143᎐145144Fig.1.A cylindrical plastic part injection moulded around a mould.Surface energy was measured on the surface of the coating and on the surface of the plastic material using the model of Owens and Wendt.A Digidrop GBX apparatus has been used based on water and di-iodomethane as testing liquids.To measure the total surface energy,the dispersive surface energy and the polar surface energy are measured.Injection moulding was carried out as follows.In the first application,a polyurethane plastic material with tradename DESMOPAN 385S was injection moulded using uncoated moulds and moulds coated with,respec-tively,a TiN and a CrN coating.In the second applica-tion,three types of polymers were tested on a TiN coated mould and an uncoated mould.Two elastomers Žtrade name HYTREL G 3548W,which is a block-copolyester,and SANTOPRENE 101-73,which is a .blend of polypropylene and EPDM ,and EVOPRENE,which consists of polystyrene and butadiene.3.Results and discussionThe demoulding forces measured for the first appli-cation are given in Table 1.The demoulding forces for the second application are given in Fig.2.This demoulding behaviour has also been observed in industrial practice,so the demoulding laboratory apparatusis a good simulation of reality.To explain these results,an attempt was made to find a correlation with the surface energy measurements.Both total surface energy as well as polar surfaceTable 1Ž.Demoulding forces N for DESMOPAN Uncoated mould 7757N TiN coated mould -2810N CrN coated mould<415NŽ.Fig. 2.Demoulding forces in N for three materials:HYTREL,EVOPRENE,SANTOPRENE.energy in mJ r m 2were compared for both coated sur-Ž.faces and plastic materials Fig.3.In order to explain the demoulding behaviour,an attempt was made to make a correlation between de-moulding forces measured and the surface energy val-ues.It should be expected that when the surface energy of the coated surface is lower than the surface energy of the plastic material,an easy demoulding behaviour could result as a consequence of low material affinity between coating and plastic material.Because the ratio of polar vs.dispersive surface energy varies for the different plastic materials,both surface energy values are taken into account.For the demoulding forces measured in the first case Ž.Table 1,it could be seen that a CrNcoating,espe-cially,could offer good demoulding behaviour.When Ž.we compare Fig.3the surface energy values of DESMOPAN with the values for the mould surfaces Ž.ᎏSTAVAX s uncoated ,CrN and TiN ᎏthen it can be seen,for both total surface energy as polar surface energy,that the measured values for DESMO-Ž2.Fig.3.Total surface energies mJ r m of the different coatings and plastic materials.()M.Van Stappen et al.r Surface and Coatings Technology142᎐1442001143᎐145145Ž2.Fig.4.Polar surface energies mJ r m of the different coatings and plastic materials.PAN are lower compared to the mould surface values. This means that there is no correlation between the demoulding forces measured and the surface energy values.It seems,however,that a CrN surface has the lowest surface energy compared to a TiN coated sur-face and an uncoated surface.When one looks to the total surface energy values Ž.Fig.3,one can see that SANTOPRENE has the lowest value and HYTREL the highest.If our hypothesis was correct from the beginning,we should conclude that the demoulding force for HYTREL should be small and should be large for SANTOPRENE.One can see from Fig.2that this is not the case.When one looks at the polar surface energy values Ž.Fig.4,the three plastic materials have a lower value than the mould surface and SANTOPRENE and EVOPRENE have a lower value than HYTREL. Even when other surface energy criteria are used, e.g.the lower the energy of the mould surface theŽ.lower the demoulding force3,even then no correla-tion can be found.It can be seen that a TiN coating always increases the surface energy and,on the other hand,good de-moulding is sometimes seen, e.g.for HYTREL and DESMOPAN,and sometimes bad demoulding results, e.g.for EVOPRENE.Hence,we can conclude that,based on the surface energy values measured,no correlation could be found within the demoulding forces.Obviously,other parameters,such as roughness and injection tempera-ture,also play an important role in explaining the demoulding behaviour.In order to continue the research work to explain the demoulding behaviour,we will focus onfive industrial demonstrations and try to incorporate all relevant parameters:coating properties,plastic material proper-ties and injection parameters.4.ConclusionsNo correlation could be found between the demould-ing behaviour of plastics vs.coated moulds and the measured surface energy values.Other parameters must also influence this demould-ing behaviour.Further research will focus on other parameters like coating properties,plastic properties and injection parameters.Referencesw x1Annonymous,Big savings made with coated injection mouldingŽ.tool,Precision Toolmaker61998,138w x2O.Kayser,PVD-Beschichtungen schutzen werkzeug und¨Ž.schmelze,Kunststoffe7199598.w x3M.Grischke,Hartstoffschichten mit niedriger Klebneigung,JOT Ž.1199615.。
模具英语词汇大全
汽车冲压模具英语词汇Die / Tool= 模具Prog. Die=progressive die 级进模Ball bearing guide posts and bushings=球形滚珠导柱和轴套Casting die=铸造模Cage=套Part=钣件Rigidity=强度Die material=制模材料Thin=薄Tool design=模具设计Strip design=料条设计Using material thickness radii where sharp corners are shown on the part reduces the occurrence of chipped punch or die corners in the tool. =在尖角处使用与材料厚度一样的R角减少冲头碎裂或模具中有“刀口”Tool design approval=模具设计审核Tool design modification/revision=模具设计更改Tool parts design (detail) = 模具钣件设计（详细）Heeled die sets, internally heel form & trim sections=带箱根的模架，成形与切刃冲头带导引FMC Make=保丽龙制作Construction method=结构方法modification= 更改Check & measure=检查& 测试Machining= 机器加工Large machining=在大型机器上加工上下模架（铣、车等）Small machining=在小型机器上加工模块等Lower die trim inserts=下模切刃块Lower trim inserts retainer=下模切刃块承盘Assemble inserts=组立镶块Punch stripping plates=冲头压料板Assembly=组立Trim punch backing plates=切刃冲头背板NC Machining=NC雕刻加工Stripper window inserts=料条窗户镶块Fitting=研磨组立Spotting=合模Die tryout=试模Cushing stroke=缓冲行程Dowel pin=定位销Guide lift pin=导引升降销Assemble gas spring=安装氮气缸Stamp parts=冲钣件Adjustment=调试Run off parts=冲钣件Lower trim steels=下刃块Hit parts=冲钣件Section=冲头断面Lifters=提升器Trim punch=切刃冲头Coil=卷材jack screw hole=起重[千斤顶]螺旋孔Guide block=导引块Die set, lower plate=下模架Guide the coil through the tool=导引卷材Die set, upper plate=上模架layout inspection=全尺寸检验Die inspection & approval=模具检查和审核Stretch carriers=拉伸运送装置delivery=发货Punch stripping plates=冲头压料板Rejected=拒收Trim punch backing plates=切刃冲头背板Scrapped=报废Stripper window inserts=料条窗户镶块Rework=返工Heel plates=背托stop block=停止块Prepare for delivery=准备发货Hydro form 液压成形Key=键Shear=剪切For locating retainer blocks=承盘键Sensor=传感器For holding buttons or pilots=冲母座或导销键Stretch web=拉伸网For fixed heel or positive stop=镶根键Layout the parts=设计钣件Construction method=结构方法Preceding into the design=继续设计Manual Surface Grinder=手动平面磨床Guide the coil through the tool=导引卷材Spotting red=合模用丹红Checking aid /checking gage=检具Layout ink=试模用蓝墨水Jig=夹具Masking tape=黄色不透明胶带(遮蔽胶带) Fixture=夹具Pliers=尖嘴钳，老虎钳Ball bearing guide posts and bushings=球形滚珠轴套Cresent wrench=可调扳手Guide post=导柱Bushings=导套Pump pipe=泵管Using material thickness radii where sharp corners are shown on the part reduces the occurrence of chipped punch or die corners in the tool. =在尖角处使用与材料厚度一样的R 角减少冲头碎裂或模具中有“刀口”CMM=三次元测量仪Symmetric=对称的The axis of symmetry=对称轴Technical=技术上的Diagonal=对角线Heeled die sets, internally heel form & trim sections=带箱根的模架，成形与切刃冲头带导引One two three block=一二三模块Adjustable parallels=可调平行块Stop block=阻止块Granite Table=花岗岩平台Backing Plate=背板Plotter= .描绘器, 图形显示器, 绘图器, 坐标自记器, 标图员Shoulder Bolt=肩头螺丝(Stripper bolt)Belt Sander=带磨机Keeper Block=行程块Metal Cutting Band Saw=立式带锯床Corner Guide Block=导块Blanchard Grinder=大型平面磨床Dowel pin=定位销Joe Blocks=精密量块Set Screw=螺塞Whirly Gig=筒夹式冲子成形器Jig & fixture =夹具Chamfer Tools=倒角刀具组Checking fixture=检具Angle Plate=L形直角座Guide Block=导块Gage Pins=英寸塞规Plunger=柱塞Sine Plate (magnetic)=正弦磁台Pierce=冲孔Flute End Mill=硬质合金钢铣刀Wear Strip=耐磨板Mill Cutter=波纹粗铣刀（标准型）Mating area=组立的接触面C’bore/ counter bore=六角沉头铣刀Accommodate=适应Radius Dresser=砂轮修整器Wiping hard (very shiny)= 过分摩擦闭合[接触]（闪光）Boring Head & Boring Bar=搪孔器、搪刀杆Pin=销Increase the die clearance between the form steels=增加成形块间隙Reamer=绞刀Clearance=间隙Approval=确认Oil paper=油纸Impact wrench=气动扳手0-11” Micrometer=0-11”千分尺Air pin=空气销Trim line=切边bumper[‘bQmpE(r)] n.缓冲器+/-0.5mm unless otherwise specified除非另有规定，否则公差为+/-0.5mmV endor [‘vendE(r), -dC:(r)] n.卖主Part tolerance=钣件公差stripper layout=排样图Ball nose=球刀drawing of panel #987415&16=钣件设计图（公差）Bore=镗Line tap=攻丝校直Arbor =柄轴；心轴Borer=镗刀，镗床Drill chuck=钻夹头Chamfer=倒角Button=冲母座Radius=半径Nitrogen Cylinder=氮气缸Coolant=切削液Pilot=导销Punch=冲头Retainer=承盘Distribution Blocks=接头座Button=冲母座Screw=螺丝Hose Straps=软管夹（塑料）Shop=车间Flat Feet Keepers=顶料销Crib=仓库Ejector Pin=顶出销CNC mill= CNC机床Spring=弹簧Jack=千斤顶Straight Port Adapter=直管接头Strips=料条Y-205 Hose=软管（塑料）Styrofoam [`stairEfEum]n.聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（保丽龙材料）Short Neck Adapter=短接头Cut off=落料45。
模具设计外文翻译
Four-Cavity Hot-runner Stack Mold for Producing Automotive Inner SillTrim Made from PolypropyleneTo produce the inner sill trim used in an automobile as the transition the carpeting and vehicle frame, a four-cavity hot-runner stack mold was designed. Interconnecting tubes with a sliding fit inate the thermal expansion of the hot-runner systenm ..Depending on the car mold ,there is a left-hand and a right-hand version as well as a long and a short sill.General Mold DesignThe dimensions of the inner sills are 1250 mm*60 mm*2.5 mm, so that the parts are relatively large in area but with comparatively little material content (fig.1). The molded parts weigh 180 and 150 g respectively. Producing these parts by means of a stack mold was the obvious solution, as this doubles the output of the injection molding machine although the claming force requirements remain the same. The name of parts needed to obtain optimum machine utilization resulted in a four-cavity mold with two different cavities for the left-hand and right-hand versions (fig.2 to 5)) . The variation in the lengh of the trim is taken care of by interchangeable mold inserts. To achieve warp-free polypropylene copolymer (hostalon ppr 1042,supplier: Hoechst AG , Germany)required that the flow lengths be limited to approximately 170 mm. Five injection points are needed to along the inside of the trim.The design of the mold provides for simultaneous opening of the two part lines with the aid of two racks (40) and a pinion (36) for each side. As it is essential that no gate marks show on the front of the inside. The mounting attachment and spacers for the carpeting, which require ejector assistance for part release, are also located in this area ,however. Some of the mounting attachment are not at right angles to the part line ,so that hydraulically operated ejectors have been incorporated in hot-runner plates (3) and (5). The cylinders have been specially designed to permit utilization in the immediate vicinity of the hot-runner manifolds at temperatures of about 260 cMold Temperature ControlThree independent circuits have been provide in cach of the mold plates (2) and (3) as well as (5) and (6) for mold temperature control. This permits the temperatures of the outer regions of the 1250 mm long part to be controlled independently of the center region .At a mold width of 1500 mm and with several channels per plate, division into several circuits is also much more favorable with regard to pressure losses, which otherwise would occur.Hot-Rnner DesignA hot-runner system utilizing indirectly heated thermally conductive torpedodes has been selected to distriute melt within the mold.Incorporating the hydraulically operated ejectors in reduce the available space ,thereby forcing a partial reduction of the torpedo diameter.By modifying other design parameters, it was possible to compensate for the resulting change in heat transfer. The chosen injection points require the hot-runner manifold to be 888 mm long. To reduce the ensuing thermal expansion of approx .2 mm total, four indibidual manifold blocks 8 to 11 that are connected to one another by means ofmelt-conbeying pipes 12 to 14 with sliding fits have been provided. The feed pipes 15 divides the central manifold 11 into a right-hand and a left-hand half, each with its own termperature control Eachmaniflod contains four thermally conducting torpecdoes. The left-hand side of manifold block 11 contains only three cartridge heaters, the heating for the feed pipe compensating for any possible heat loss in this area. It is thus possible to vary the temperature at each gate.The melt-conveying pipes of the hot-runner system are fitted with connercially available heater bands with integral thermocouples. The hot-runner system thus contains five heater circuits for the manifold blocks and four heater circuits four the melt-conveying pipes 12 and 13 was not needed. These pipes received adequate heat from the neighboring manifold blocks 8 to 11. No measurable temperature loss occurred .All of the cartridge heaters have the same dimension of 200 mm*16 mm dia. and a heating capacity of 1250w. The watt density in this case lies at 12.5w/cm ,a value guaranteeing long cartridge life even with negligible play in the heater cartridge well. The result is an installed heating capacity of 5000w per manifold or heater circuit power is supplied bia a temperature controller with thyristorcontrol and an output current of 25 A The four controllers for the melt-conveying pipes were chosen to have the same specifications, although an output current of 6 to 10 A would have been adequate. This mesure that if one temperature controller fails, operation of the most important manifold can be ensured by a simple wiring change. The total installed heating capacity thus amounts to 25 kw. The manifolds were designed to have 250w per kg .with this specific heating capacity, balanced heating can be achieved for temperatures of up to approx. 300 c at a mold temperature of 40 c .The warm-up time is approximately 15 minutes, not including the soft start provided bu the controls. The integral soft start limits the supplied power to 50% and thus protects the cartridge heaters.The manifold popes have been produced from hot work steel to ensure that there is no loss in hardness at a possible temperature of 300 c .The sealing lips which slide with the thermal expansion are designed to provide favorable flow characteristics. They have additionally been protected against proven to be leakproof in operation.The threaded section has been produced with a toleranced press fit. The feed pipe 15 is providedwith a decom-pression bushing 16 at the end; this bushing has a stroke of about 5 mm.The length of the feed pipe is such that no dripping material can possibly drop into the parting line of the mold .The melt covers a distance of 940 mm to the farthest gates .The nearest gates are 530 mm away from the decompression bushing. During operation,the hot runner is completely filled with melt. The pressure is thus transmitted almost uniformly up to the individual gates in the stationary melt (or during creep flow ).The holding pressure is therefore also uniformly applied. When the melt is flowing ,however, thereis a pressure drop along the flow path. A moldflow analysis conduted with the objective of providing identical pressure losses in the flowing melt up to each gate yielded different diameters for the runner channels. The primary runner channel has a diameter of 18 mm ,while the vertical secondary runners have a diameter of 6 mm in the center of the mold and one of 8 mm in the outer regions.The torpedoed\s are 110 mm long,17 mm in diameter with an insulating gap of 7.5 mm. At a hot runner manifold temperature of 260 c ,the temperature at the torpedo tip is still at least 235 c. This value is sufficient for polypropylene. Start-up even after a prolonged production inter-ruption does not present any problems. The gate inserts 21 are insulated from the mold plate by a 0.5 mm annular air pocket.A CuCrZr alloy (material no.2.1293) wsa selected for the torpedoes (3) .The torpedoes have been chemically plated with hard nickel 4 to prevent a chemical reaction between the copper and the pp and then subsequently coated with thin ;ayer of chrome to give better adhesive properties.The four hot-runner manifolds 8 to 11 have been provided with central pressure pads 17and 18 which serve to locate the manifolds and transmit the resulting forces into the adjacent mold plates .Four dowel pins in grooves prevent the manifolds from turning. The manifolds are not bolted to the adjacent nozzle plates, but are allowed to float. The distance between the torpedo retainer bushings 20 has been over dimensioned by 0.1 mm in relation to the center frame 4 to ensure that the sustem remains leak-proof even in the eyent of plate deflection or an angular displacement . It was found that, in spite of the size of the mold, the increased thermal expansion of the hot-runner system with respect to the mold frame is sufficient to provide an difficient seal . As a result of the separation into four separate manifolds with axially sliding melt conveying pipes, hermal expansion perpendicular to the mold axis did not have to be taken into account. The torpedoes themselves were shortened by 0.4 mm when cold. As they heat up ,they pxpand into the precalculated insulating ;lates 22 clad with aluminum foil to reduce radiation losses.The total volume of melt in the system is approxi-mately 840; the volume of the four sill trim moldings is 650. The ensures a short residence time for the melt in the manifold system. Changing to a different color for the sill trim does not present any problems during production and can be accomplished quickly.MOLD CONSTRUCTIONMolds for processing of thermosetting molding compounds are generally heated electrically. The heat needed for the crosslinking reaction is drawn from the mold .once in contact with the cavity surface the viscosity of the melt passes through a minimum,i.e. the melt becomes so low in viscosity that it can penetrate into very narrow gaps and produce flash. The molds must thus exhibit very tight fit ,while at the same time providing for adequate venting of the cavity. These largely oppssing requirements are the reason that formation of flast cannot be completely climinated. Molds should be designed to be extremely stiff so that formation of flash are avoided. The use of pressure sensors to determine and monitor the injection pressures, on the basis of which the mechanical properties of the mold are calculated,is recom-mended. The pressure actually required depends on the size an geometry of the molded parts. Material selection is of great importance with regard to the life wcpectancy of the molds, a subject which must already be addressed during the quoting phase what was said in this regard for thermoplastics applies analogously here. Through-hardening steels are to be preferred for the part-forming surfaces and must exhibit a resistance to tempering consistent with the relatively high operating temperatures of stick,e.g. unsaturated polyester resins, steels with >13%chrome content have proven useful, e.g.tool steel no. 1.208, since the thermosetting molding compounds are sometimes modified with abrasive fillers, special attention must be given to the resulting wear. Fillers such as stone flour, mica, glass gibers and the like , for instance ,promote wear. In wear prone regions of the mold such as the gate, for example, metal carbide inserts should be provided. Other wear-prone mold components should gener-ally be designed as easily replace inserts.EJECTION/VENTINGDepending on the geometry of molded part and type of molding compound, different amounts ofdraft for part release must be provided,usually between 1 and 3 .At the time of ejection,theroset parts exhibit very little shrinkage because of the relatively high temperature. As a result, parts are not necessarily retained on the mold cores, but rather may be held in the cavity by a vacuum. To avoid problems during production, measures must be taken to ensure that the parts can always be ejected from the same half of the mold .。
模具毕业设计外文翻译(英文+译文)
Injection MoldingThe basic concept of injection molding revolves around the ability of a thermoplastic material to be softened by heat and to harden when cooled .In most operations ,granular material (the plastic resin) is fed into one end of the cylinder (usually through a feeding device known as a hopper ),heated, and softened(plasticized or plasticized),forced out the other end of the cylinder, while it is still in the form of a melt, through a nozzle into a relatively cool mold held closed under pressure.Here,the melt cools and hardens until fully set-up. The mold is then opened, the piece ejected, and the sequence repeated.Thus, the significant elements of an injection molding machine become: 1) the way in which the melt is plasticized (softened) and forced into the mold (called the injection unit);2) the system for opening the mold and closing it under pressure (called the clamping unit);3) the type of mold used;4) the machine controls.The part of an injection-molding machine, which converts a plastic material from a sold phase to homogeneous seni-liguid phase by raising its temperature .This unit maintains the material at a present temperature and force it through the injection unit nozzle into a mold .The plunger is a combination of the injection and plasticizing device in which a heating chamber is mounted between the plunger and mold. This chamber heats the plastic material by conduction .The plunger, on each stroke; pushes unbelted plastic material into the chamber, which in turn forces plastic melt at the front of the chamber out through the nozzleThe part of an injection molding machine in which the mold is mounted, and which provides the motion and force to open and close the mold and to hold the mold close with force during injection .This unit can also provide other features necessary for the effective functioning of the molding operation .Movingplate is the member of the clamping unit, which is moved toward a stationary member. the moving section of the mold is bolted to this moving plate .This member usually includes the ejector holes and mold mounting pattern of blot holes or “T” slots .Stationary plate is the fixed member of the clamping unit on which the stationary section of the mold is bolted .This member usually includes a mold-mounting pattern of boles or “T” slots. Tie rods are member of the clamping force actuating mechanism that serve as the tension member of the clamp when it is holding the mold closed. They also serve as a gutted member for the movable plate .Ejector is a provision in the clamping unit that actuates a mechanism within the mold to eject the molded part(s) from the mold .The ejection actuating force may be applied hydraulically or pneumatically by a cylinder(s) attached to the moving plate, or mechanically by the opening stroke of the moving plate.Methods of melting and injecting the plastic differ from one machine to another and are constantly being implored .conventional machines use a cylinder and piston to do both jobs .This method simplifies machine construction but makes control of injection temperatures and pressures an inherently difficult problem .Other machines use a plasticizing extruder to melt the plastic and piston to inject it while some hare been designed to use a screw for both jobs :Nowadays, sixty percent of the machines use a reciprocating screw,35% a plunger (concentrated in the smaller machine size),and 5%a screw pot.Many of the problems connected with in ejection molding arise because the densities of polymers change so markedly with temperature and pressure. thigh temperatures, the density of a polymer is considerably cower than at room temperature, provided the pressure is the same.Therefore,if molds were filled at atmospheric pressure, “shrinkage” would make the molding deviate form the shape of the mold.To compensate for this poor effect, molds are filled at high pressure. The pressure compresses the polymer and allows more materials to flow into the mold, shrinkage is reduced and better quality moldings are produced.Cludes a mold-mounting pattern of bolt holes or “T” slots. Tie rods are members of the clamping force actuating mechanism that serve as the tension members of clamp when it is holding the mold closed. Ejector is a provision in the calming unit that actuates a mechanism within the mold to eject the molded part(s) form the mold. The ejection actuating force may be applied hydraulically or pneumatically by a cylinder(s) attached to the moving plate, or mechanically by the opening stroke of the moving plate.The function of a mold is twofold: imparting the desired shape to the plasticized polymer and cooling the injection molded part. It is basically made up of two sets of components: the cavities and cores and the base in which the cavities and cores are mounted. The mold ,which contains one or more cavities, consists of two basic parts :(1) a stationary molds half one the side where the plastic is injected,(2)Moving half on the closing or ejector side of the machine. The separation between the two mold halves is called the parting line. In some cases the cavity is partly in the stationary and partly in the moving section. The size and weight of the molded parts limit the number of cavities in the mold and also determine the machinery capacity required. The mold components and their functions are as following:(1)Mold Base-Hold cavity (cavities) in fixed, correctposition relative to machine nozzle.(2)Guide Pins-Maintain Proper alignment of entry into moldinterior.(3)Spree Bushing (spree)-Provide means of entry into moldinterior.(4)Runners-Conroy molten plastic from spree to cavities.(5)Gates-Control flow into cavities.(6)Cavity (female) and Force (male)-Control the size,shape and surface of mold article.(7)Water Channels-Control the temperature of mold surfacesto chill plastic to rigid state.(8)Side (actuated by came, gears or hydrauliccylinders)-Form side holes, slots, undercuts and threaded sections.(9)Vent-Allow the escape of trapped air and gas.(10)Ejector Mechanism (pins, blades, stripper plate)-Ejectrigid molded article form cavity or force.(11)Ejector Return Pins-Return ejector pins to retractedposition as mold closes for next cycle.The distance between the outer cavities and the primary spree must not be so long that the molten plastic loses too much heat in the runner to fill the outer cavities properly. The cavities should be so arranged around the primary spree that each receives its full and equal share of the total pressure available, through its own runner system (or the so-called balanced runner system).The requires the shortest possible distance between cavities and primary sprue, equal runner and gate dimension, and uniform culling.注射成型注射成型的基本概念是使热塑性材料在受热时熔融，冷却时硬化，在大部分加工中，粒状材料（即塑料树脂）从料筒的一端（通常通过一个叫做“料斗”的进料装置）送进，受热并熔融（即塑化或增塑），然后当材料还是溶体时，通过一个喷嘴从料筒的另一端挤到一个相对较冷的压和封闭的模子里。
项目 模具英语
项目模具英语模具英语是指在模具制造和使用过程中所涉及的英语词汇和表达方式。
模具是一种用于制造各种产品的工具或设备，通常由金属或塑料制成。
在国际贸易和合作中，模具行业的英语交流已经成为一种必备技能。
以下是模具英语的标准格式文本：一、模具制造过程中的英语词汇和表达方式1. 模具设计（Mold Design）- Design concept: 设计理念- 3D modeling: 三维建模- Draft angle: 脱模锥度- Parting line: 分模线- Core and cavity: 芯和腔- Cooling system: 冷却系统- Ejection system: 脱模系统- Runner system: 浇注系统- Gate design: 浇口设计- Mold flow analysis: 模流分析2. 模具制造（Mold Manufacturing）- CNC machining: 数控加工- EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining): 电火花加工 - Wire cutting: 线切割- Grinding: 磨削- Polishing: 抛光- Assembly: 组装- Trial production: 试产- Inspection: 检验- Modification: 修改3. 模具使用（Mold Application）- Injection molding: 注塑- Blow molding: 吹塑- Compression molding: 压塑- Thermoforming: 热成型- Extrusion molding: 挤出成型- Rotational molding: 旋转成型- Overmolding: 双色注塑- Insert molding: 嵌入式注塑- Molding defects: 成型缺陷- Mold maintenance: 模具维护二、模具行业常用的英语表达方式和句型1. 询盘和报价（Inquiry and Quotation）- We are interested in your mold products and would like to request a quotation.- Could you please provide us with the price list for your mold products?- Can you give us a detailed breakdown of the costs involved in manufacturing the mold?- We would like to know the delivery time for the mold products.2. 技术交流和合作（Technical Communication and Cooperation）- We would like to discuss the mold design and specifications in detail.- Could you provide us with the CAD files or 3D drawings of the mold?- We are open to any suggestions or improvements regarding the mold design.- We are willing to cooperate with your company on mold manufacturing and development.3. 合同和支付（Contract and Payment）- We would like to sign a contract for the mold manufacturing project.- What are the payment terms and conditions for the mold products?- We will make the payment in installments according to the agreed schedule.- The payment will be made by bank transfer or letter of credit.4. 售后服务和保修（After-sales Service and Warranty）- We expect a warranty period for the mold products.- In case of any problems or defects, we would like to know your after-sales service policy.- Could you provide us with the spare parts and maintenance manual for the mold?- We appreciate your prompt response and support in resolving any issues with the mold.以上是关于模具英语的标准格式文本，涵盖了模具制造过程中的英语词汇和表达方式，以及模具行业常用的英语表达方式和句型。
模具加工方法英语词汇大全
模具加工方法英语词汇大全在模具加工领域，掌握相关英语词汇是非常重要的。
本文将为你提供一个模具加工方法英语词汇大全，帮助你更好地理解和交流相关的知识。
1. 模具加工方法基础词汇Mold (模具)•Cavity: 空腔•Core: 芯子•Ejector Pins: 推杆•Draft Angle: 脱模锥度•Runner: 浇口Machining (加工)•Milling: 铣削•Turning: 车削•Drilling: 钻削•Grinding: 磨削•Boring: 镗削Surface Treatment (表面处理) •Polishing: 抛光•Electroplating: 电镀•Anodizing: 阳极氧化•Coating: 涂层•Sandblasting: 喷砂Measurement (测量)•Caliper: 卡尺•Micrometer: 千分尺•Height Gauge: 高度规•CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine): 三坐标测量机•Profile Projector: 轮廓投影仪2. 模具加工方法高级词汇CNC Machining (数控加工)•CNC Milling: 数控铣削•CNC Turning: 数控车削•CNC Grinding: 数控磨削•CNC Wire EDM (Electrical Discharge Machining): 数控线切割•CAM (Computer-ded Manufacturing): 计算机辅助制造Injection Molding (注塑)•Mold Design: 模具设计•Mold Flow Analysis: 模流分析•Mold Temperature Control: 模具温度控制•Gate Design: 浇口设计•Venting: 排气Die Casting (压铸)•Die Design: 压铸模具设计•Die Lubrication: 压铸模具润滑•Die Casting Defects: 压铸缺陷•Cold Chamber Die Casting: 冷室压铸•Hot Chamber Die Casting: 热室压铸Stamping (冲压)•Progressive Die: 渐进模具•Blanking: 冲裁•Piercing: 穿孔•Bending: 弯曲•Deep Drawing: 深冲3. 模具加工方法其他相关词汇Mold Materials (模具材料)•Tool Steel: 工具钢•Stnless Steel: 不锈钢•Aluminum: 铝•Copper: 铜•Plastic: 塑料Mold Components (模具部件)•Guide Pins: 导柱•Ejector Sleeves: 推杆套筒•Sprue Bushing: 浇口套筒•Inserts: 嵌件•Lifter: 脱模销Mold Mntenance (模具维护)•Cleaning: 清洁•Lubrication: 润滑•Repr: 修复•Storage: 存储•Replacement: 更换以上是一个模具加工方法英语词汇大全，涵盖了基本和高级词汇以及其他相关词汇。
注塑成型的模具设计外文翻译
Figure 1. Organization of the IKEM Project2 Intelligent Mold Design ToolThe mold design tool in its basic form is a Visual Basic application taking input from a text file that contains information about the part and a User Input form. The text file contains information about the part geometry parsed from a Pro/E information file. The input is used to estimate the dimensions of mold and various other features.2.1 Literature ReviewDesign of molds is another stage of the injection molding process where the experience of an engineer largely helps automate the process and increase its efficiency. The issue that needs attention is the time that goes into designing the molds. Often, design engineers refer to tables and standard handbooks while designing a mold, which consumes lot of time. Also, a great deal of time goes into modeling components of the mold in standard CAD software. Differentresearchers have dealt with the issue of reducing the time it takes to design the mold in different ways. Koelsch and James have employed group technology techniques to reduce the mold design time. A unique coding system that groups a class of injection molded parts, and the tooling required ininjection molding is developed which is general and can be applied to other product lines.A software system to implement the coding system has also been developed. Attempts were also directed towards the automation of the mold design process by capturing experience and knowledge of engineers in the field. The development of a concurrent mold design system is one such approach that attempts to develop a systematic methodology for injection mold design processes in a concurrent engineering environment. The objective of their research was to develop a mold development process that facilitates concurrent engineering-based practice, andFigure 2. Organization of the Mold Design Module.While most of the input, like the number of cavities, cavity image dimensions, cycle time are based on the client specifications, other input like the plasticizing capacity, shots per minute etc., can be obtained from the machine specifications. The output of the application contains mold dimensions and other information, which clearly helps in selecting the standard mold base from catalogs. Apart from the input and output, the Figure 2 also shows the various modules that produce the final output.2.5 Framing rulesAt this stage, the expert’s knowledge is represented in the form of multiple If-Then statements. The rules may be representations of both qualitative and quantitative knowledge. By qualitative knowledge, we mean deterministic information about a problem that can be solved computationally. By qualitative we mean information that is not deterministic, but merely followed as a rule based on previous cases where the rule has worked. A typical rule is illustrated below:If Material = “Acetal” AndRunner Length <= 3 AndRunner Length > 0 ThenRunner Diameter =0.062End IfWhen framing the rules it is important that we represent the information in a compact way while avoiding redundancy, incompleteness and inconsistency. Decision tables help take care of all the above concerns by checking for redundancy and comprehensive expression of the problem statement. As an example, in the process of selecting an appropriate mold base, the size of mold base depends on the number of cavities and inserts. To ensure that all possible combinations of。
模具中英对照
模具中英对照模具是一种用来制造复杂形状的工具，广泛应用于汽车、航空、电子、医疗等领域。
在国际贸易中，模具领域是一个重要的行业，涉及到的技术术语和行业术语繁多，因此，建立起一个模具中英对照的文档对于学习和应用模具领域具有重要的意义。
下面我们将列出一些常见的模具术语及其中英对照：1. 模具设计：mould design2. 模具制造：mould making3.模具材料：mould material4. 模具钢：mould steel5. 模具试样：mould trial sample6. 模具寿命：mould life7. 塑料注塑模具：plastic injection mould8. 金属冲压模具：metal stampingmould9. 模具零件：mould parts10. 设计参数：design parameter11. 模具尺寸：mould dimension12. 模具重量：mould weight13. 模具结构：mould structure14. 成型工艺：forming process15. 模具表面处理：mould surface treatment16. 冷却系统：cooling system17. 模具加工：mould machining18.精度控制：precision control19. 模具维护：mould maintenance20. 模具修复：mould repair随着模具行业的发展，中英对照文档需要不断地进行更新和完善。
在实际应用中，我们需要根据需求来确定需要掌握的技术和行业术语，并及时查阅相关的中英对照文档，以便更好地理解和使用模具技术。
除了上述列出的术语，模具领域还涉及到很多具有专业性的技术术语和行业术语，例如模具热处理、模具注塑成型、模具表面处理等方面的专业术语。
因此，掌握和应用模具技术需要具备较高的专业素养和知识储备，这需要我们持续地学习、实践和总结。
项目 模具英语
项目模具英语一、引言模具（Mold），是创造工业中常用的一种工具，用于创造成型产品。
模具创造是一个复杂而精细的过程，需要涉及到多个环节和专业知识。
在国际交流与合作中，掌握模具英语是非常重要的，本文将介绍与模具相关的英语词汇、短语和常用句型，以匡助读者更好地理解和应对模具创造过程中的沟通需求。
二、模具英语词汇1. Mold：模具2. Die：模具3. Injection mold：注塑模具4. Casting mold：铸造模具5. Press mold：压铸模具6. Mold cavity：模具腔7. Core：芯子8. Ejector pin：顶针9. Runner system：流道系统10. Cooling system：冷却系统11. Mold release agent：脱模剂12. Mold design：模具设计13. Mold manufacturing：模具创造14. Mold maintenance：模具维护15. Mold repair：模具修复16. Mold trial：模具试模17. Mold flow analysis：模流分析18. Mold steel：模具钢19. Mold base：模具底板20. Mold cavity surface：模具腔面三、模具英语短语1. Mold making：模具制作2. Mold polishing：模具抛光3. Mold assembly：模具组装4. Mold testing：模具测试5. Mold modification：模具修改6. Mold maintenance and repair：模具维护和修复7. Mold design and development：模具设计与开辟8. Mold manufacturing process：模具创造过程9. Mold flow simulation：模具流动摹拟10. Mold release agent application：脱模剂的应用11. Mold temperature control：模具温度控制12. Mold surface treatment：模具表面处理13. Mold quality inspection：模具质量检验14. Mold life cycle：模具寿命周期15. Mold production efficiency：模具生产效率四、模具英语常用句型1. Could you please provide me with the mold design specification?（请提供模具设计规范好吗？）2. We need to modify the mold cavity to meet the product requirements.（我们需要修改模具腔以满足产品要求。
冲压模具设计毕业外文翻译 中英文翻译 外文文献翻译
冲压模具设计毕业外文翻译中英文翻译外文文献翻译毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系部:专业:姓名:学号:外文出处: The Pofessional English of DesignManufacture for Dies & Moulds附件: 1.外文资料翻译译文,2.外文原文。
指导教师评语:签名:年月日附件1:外文资料翻译译文冲压模具设计对于汽车行业与电子行业，各种各样的板料零件都是有各种不同的成型工艺所生产出来的，这些均可以列入一般种类“板料成形”的范畴。
板料成形(也称为冲压或压力成形)经常在厂区面积非常大的公司中进行。
如果自己没有去这些大公司访问，没有站在巨大的机器旁，没有感受到地面的震颤，没有看巨大型的机器人的手臂吧零件从一个机器移动到另一个机器，那么厂区的范围与价值真是难以想象的。
当然，一盘录像带或一部电视专题片不能反映出汽车冲压流水线的宏大规模。
站在这样的流水线旁观看的另一个因素是观看大量的汽车板类零件被进行不同类型的板料成形加工。
落料是简单的剪切完成的，然后进行不同类型的加工，诸如:弯曲、拉深、拉延、切断、剪切等，每一种情况均要求特殊的、专门的模具。
而且还有大量后续的加工工艺，在每一种情况下，均可以通过诸如拉深、拉延与弯曲等工艺不同的成形方法得到所希望的得到的形状。
根据板料平面的各种各样的受应力状态的小板单元体所可以考虑到的变形情形描述三种成形，原理图1描述的是一个简单的从圆坯料拉深成一个圆柱水杯的成形过程。
图1 板料成形一个简单的水杯拉深是从凸缘型坯料考虑的，即通过模具上冲头的向下作用使材料被水平拉深。
一个凸缘板料上的单元体在半径方向上被限定，而板厚保持几乎不变。
板料成形的原理如图2所示。
拉延通常是用来描述在板料平面上的两个互相垂直的方向被拉长的板料的单元体的变形原理的术语。
拉延的一种特殊形式，可以在大多数成形加工中遇到，即平面张力拉延。
在这种情况下，一个板料的单元体仅在一个方向上进行拉延，在拉长的方向上宽度没有发生变化，但是在厚度上有明确的变化，即变薄。
模具专业英语词汇
Here is a list of mold-related vocabulary in English:1. Mold -模具2. Mold cavity -模腔3. Mold core -模芯4. Mold base -模座5. Injection molding -注塑成型6. Blow molding -吹塑成型7. Compression molding -压缩成型8. Extrusion molding -挤出成型9. Rotational molding -旋转成型10. Thermoforming -热成型11. Mold design -模具设计12. Mold manufacturing -模具制造13. Mold making -模具加工14. Mold material -模具材料15. Mold steel -模具钢16. Mold release agent -脱模剂17. Mold temperature -模具温度18. Mold flow analysis -模流分析19. Mold maintenance -模具维护20. Mold repair -模具修复22. Mold polishing -模具抛光23. Molded part -注塑件24. Molded product -成型产品25. Molded surface -成型表面26. Molded feature -成型特征27. Ejector pins -顶出针28. Runner system -流道系统29. Cooling system -冷却系统30. Venting -通气31. Molded part defects -成型件缺陷32. Molded part warpage -成型件翘曲33. Molded part shrinkage -成型件收缩34. Mold release system -脱模系统35. Mold venting system -通气系统36. Mold temperature controller -模具温度控制器37. Mold gate -模具流道口38. Mold runner -模具流道39. Mold ejector system -模具顶出系统40. Mold clamping force -模具锁模力41. Mold shot size -模具射胶量42. Mold cycle time -模具循环时间44. Mold cooling time -模具冷却时间45. Mold release mechanism -模具脱模机构46. Molded part dimensions -成型件尺寸47. Molded part tolerance -成型件公差48. Molded part surface finish -成型件表面处理49. Molded part strength -成型件强度50. Molded part flexibility -成型件柔韧性51. Molded part accuracy -成型件精度52. Molded part durability -成型件耐久性53. Molded part weight -成型件重量54. Molded part texture -成型件纹理55. Molded part transparency -成型件透明度56. Molded part color -成型件颜色57. Molded part function -成型件功能58. Molded part assembly -成型件装配59. Molded part packaging -成型件包装60. Molded part labeling -成型件标记61. Molded part quality control -成型件质量控制62. Mold material selection -模具材料选择63. Mold design software -模具设计软件64. Mold manufacturing process -模具制造过程65. Mold injection molding machine -模具注塑机66. Mold blow molding machine -模具吹塑机67. Mold compression molding machine -模具压缩成型机68. Mold extrusion molding machine -模具挤出成型机69. Mold rotational molding machine -模具旋转成型机70. Mold thermoforming machine -模具热成型机71. Mold tooling -模具工装72. Molded part inspection -成型件检验73. Molded part packaging -成型件包装74. Molded part labeling -成型件标记75. Molded part storage -成型件存储76. Molded part transportation -成型件运输77. Molded part disposal -成型件处理78. Molded part recycling -成型件回收79. Molded part cost -成型件成本80. Molded part production rate -成型件生产率81. Molded part tooling cost -成型件工装成本82. Molded part tooling lead time -成型件工装交货期83. Molded part tooling lifespan -成型件工装寿命84. Molded part tooling maintenance -成型件工装维护85. Molded part tooling repair -成型件工装修复86. Molded part tooling modification -成型件工装修改87. Molded part tooling replacement -成型件工装更换88. Molded part tooling storage -成型件工装存储89. Molded part tooling transportation -成型件工装运输90. Molded part tooling disposal -成型件工装处理91. Molded part tooling recycling -成型件工装回收92. Molded part tooling cost estimation -成型件工装成本估算93. Molded part tooling design optimization -成型件工装设计优化94. Molded part tooling production planning -成型件工装生产计划95. Molded part tooling quality control -成型件工装质量控制96. Molded part tooling process improvement -成型件工装工艺改进97. Molded part tooling waste reduction -成型件工装废物减少98. Molded part tooling cost reduction -成型件工装成本降低99. Molded part tooling cycle time optimization -成型件工装循环时间优化100. Molded part tooling material selection -成型件工装材料选择101. Molded part tooling design validation -成型件工装设计验证102. Molded part tooling production monitoring -成型件工装生产监控103. Molded part tooling maintenance scheduling -成型件工装维护计划104. Molded part tooling repair process -成型件工装修复流程105. Molded part tooling modification process -成型件工装修改流程106. Molded part tooling replacement process -成型件工装更换流程107. Molded part tooling storage management -成型件工装存储管理108. Molded part tooling transportation logistics -成型件工装运输物流109. Molded part tooling disposal methods -成型件工装处理方法110. Molded part tooling recycling techniques -成型件工装回收技术111. Molded part tooling cost estimation tools -成型件工装成本估算工具112. Molded part tooling design optimization software -成型件工装设计优化软件113. Molded part tooling production planning systems -成型件工装生产计划系统114. Molded part tooling quality control methods -成型件工装质量控制方法115. Molded part tooling process improvement strategies -成型件工装工艺改进策略116. Molded part tooling waste reduction techniques -成型件工装废物减少技术117. Molded part tooling cost analysis -成型件工装成本分析118. Molded part tooling design review -成型件工装设计审查119. Molded part tooling production efficiency -成型件工装生产效率120. Molded part tooling maintenance checklist -成型件工装维护清单121. Molded part tooling repair cost estimation -成型件工装修复成本估算122. Molded part tooling modification cost estimation -成型件工装修改成本估算123. Molded part tooling replacement cost estimation -成型件工装更换成本估算124. Molded part tooling storage system -成型件工装存储系统125. Molded part tooling transportation cost calculation -成型件工装运输成本计算126. Molded part tooling disposal methods evaluation -成型件工装处理方法评估127. Molded part tooling recycling process optimization -成型件工装回收流程优化128. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies -成型件工装成本降低策略129. Molded part tooling cycle time reduction techniques -成型件工装循环时间减少技术130. Molded part tooling material waste reduction -成型件工装材料废物减少131. Molded part tooling design validation methods -成型件工装设计验证方法132. Molded part tooling production monitoring tools -成型件工装生产监控工具133. Molded part tooling maintenance scheduling software -成型件工装维护计划软件134. Molded part tooling repair process optimization -成型件工装修复流程优化135. Molded part tooling modification process improvement -成型件工装修改流程改进136. Molded part tooling replacement process optimization -成型件工装更换流程优化137. Molded part tooling storage management techniques -成型件工装存储管理技术138. Molded part tooling transportation logistics optimization -成型件工装运输物流优化139. Molded part tooling disposal methods assessment -成型件工装处理方法评估140. Molded part tooling recycling techniques evaluation -成型件工装回收技术评估141. Molded part tooling cost estimation software -成型件工装成本估算软件142. Molded part tooling design optimization tools -成型件工装设计优化工具143. Molded part tooling production planning systems evaluation -成型件工装生产计划系统评估144. Molded part tooling quality control methods assessment -成型件工装质量控制方法评估145. Molded part tooling process improvement strategies implementation -成型件工装工艺改进策略实施146. Molded part tooling waste reduction techniques optimization -成型件工装废物减少技术优化147. Molded part tooling cost analysis tools -成型件工装成本分析工具148. Molded part tooling design review software -成型件工装设计审查软件149. Molded part tooling production efficiency evaluation -成型件工装生产效率评估150. Molded part tooling maintenance checklist optimization -成型件工装维护清单优化151. Molded part tooling repair cost estimation software -成型件工装修复成本估算软件152. Molded part tooling modification cost estimation software -成型件工装修改成本估算软件153. Molded part tooling replacement cost estimation software -成型件工装更换成本估算软件154. Molded part tooling storage system optimization -成型件工装存储系统优化155. Molded part tooling transportation cost calculation software -成型件工装运输成本计算软件156. Molded part tooling disposal methods evaluation tools -成型件工装处理方法评估工具157. Molded part tooling recycling process optimization techniques -成型件工装回收流程优化技术158. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装成本降低策略实施159. Molded partooling design validation methods -成型件工装设计验证方法160. Molded part tooling production monitoring tools -成型件工装生产监控工具161. Molded part tooling maintenance scheduling software -成型件工装维护计划软件162. Molded part tooling repair process optimization -成型件工装修复流程优化163. Molded part tooling modification process improvement -成型件工装修改流程改进164. Molded part tooling replacement process optimization -成型件工装更换流程优化165. Molded part tooling storage management techniques -成型件工装存储管理技术166. Molded part tooling transportation logistics optimization -成型件工装运输物流优化167. Molded part tooling disposal methods assessment -成型件工装处理方法评估168. Molded part tooling recycling techniques evaluation -成型件工装回收技术评估169. Molded part tooling cost estimation software -成型件工装成本估算软件170. Molded part tooling design optimization tools -成型件工装设计优化工具171. Molded part tooling production planning systems evaluation -成型件工装生产计划系统评估172. Molded part tooling quality control methods assessment -成型件工装质量控制方法评估173. Molded part tooling process improvement strategies implementation -成型件工装工艺改进策略实施174. Molded part tooling waste reduction techniques optimization -成型件工装废物减少技术优化175. Molded part tooling cost analysis tools -成型件工装成本分析工具176. Molded part tooling design review software -成型件工装设计审查软件177. Molded part tooling production efficiency evaluation -成型件工装生产效率评估178. Molded part tooling maintenance checklist optimization -成型件工装维护清单优化179. Molded part tooling repair cost estimation software -成型件工装修复成本估算软件180. Molded part tooling modification cost estimation software -成型件工装修改成本估算软件181. Molded part tooling replacement cost estimation software -成型件工装更换成本估算软件182. Molded part tooling storage system optimization -成型件工装存储系统优化183. Molded part tooling transportation cost calculation software -成型件工装运输成本计算软件184. Molded part tooling disposal methods evaluation tools -成型件工装处理方法评估工具185. Molded part tooling recycling process optimization techniques -成型件工装回收流程优化技术186. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装成本降低策略实施187. Molded part tooling risk assessment methods -成型件工装风险评估方法188. Molded part tooling safety protocols optimization -成型件工装安全协议优化189. Molded part tooling environmental impact assessment -成型件工装环境影响评估190. Molded part tooling sustainability evaluation -成型件工装可持续性评估191. Molded part tooling efficiency improvement strategies implementation -成型件工装效率提升策略实施192. Molded part tooling inventory management techniques -成型件工装库存管理技术193. Molded part tooling repair process optimization -成型件工装修复流程优化194. Molded part tooling modification cost reduction techniques -成型件工装修改成本降低技术195. Molded part tooling replacement cost reduction strategies -成型件工装更换成本降低策略196. Molded part tooling storage space optimization techniques -成型件工装存储空间优化技术197. Molded part tooling transportation cost reduction strategies -成型件工装运输成本降低策略198. Molded part tooling disposal methods optimization -成型件工装处理方法优化199. Molded part tooling recycling process evaluation -成型件工装回收流程评估200. Molded part tooling cost analysis techniques -成型件工装成本分析技术201. Molded part tooling design review process optimization -成型件工装设计审查流程优化202. Molded part tooling production efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装生产效率提升策略203. Molded part tooling maintenance checklist evaluation -成型件工装维护清单评估204. Molded part tooling repair process efficiency improvement techniques -成型件工装修复流程效率提升技术205. Molded part tooling modification cost reduction strategies -成型件工装修改成本降低策略206. Molded part tooling replacement cost reduction techniques -成型件工装更换成本降低技术207. Molded part tooling storage system evaluation -成型件工装存储系统评估208. Molded part tooling transportation cost analysis techniques -成型件工装运输成本分析技术209. Molded part tooling disposal methods optimization strategies -成型件工装处理方法优化策略210. Molded part tooling recycling process efficiency improvement techniques -成型件工装回收流程效率提升技术211. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装成本降低策略实施212. Molded part tooling risk assessment techniques -成型件工装风险评估技术213. Molded part tooling safety protocols evaluation -成型件工装安全协议评估214. Molded part tooling environmental impact assessment techniques -成型件工装环境影响评估技术215. Molded part tooling sustainability improvement strategies -成型件工装可持续性改进策略216. Molded part tooling efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装效率评估技术217. Molded part tooling inventory management optimization -成型件工装库存管理优化218. Molded part tooling repair process efficiency evaluation -成型件工装修复流程效率评估219. Molded part tooling modification cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装修改成本降低策略实施220. Molded part tooling replacement cost reduction techniques implementation -成型件工装更换成本降低技术实施221. Molded part tooling storage space optimization strategies -成型件工装存储空间优化策略222. Molded part tooling transportation cost reduction techniques implementation -成型件工装运输成本降低技术实施223. Molded part tooling disposal methods optimization techniques -成型件工装处理方法优化技术224. Molded part tooling recycling process efficiency evaluation -成型件工装回收流程效率评估225. Molded part tooling cost analysis techniques implementation -成型件工装成本分析技术实施226. Molded part tooling design review process optimization strategies -成型件工装设计审查流程优化策略227. Molded part tooling production efficiency improvement techniques implementation -成型件工装生产效率提升技术实施228229. Molded part tooling quality control measures evaluation -成型件工装质量控制措施评估230. Molded part tooling inspection process optimization strategies -成型件工装检验过程优化策略231. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule development -成型件工装维护计划制定232. Molded part tooling repair cost analysis techniques -成型件工装修复成本分析技术233. Molded part tooling modification process efficiency improvement techniques implementation -成型件工装修改过程效率提升技术实施234. Molded part tooling replacement process cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装更换过程成本降低策略实施235. Molded part tooling storage system optimization -成型件工装存储系统优化236. Molded part tooling transportation cost analysis techniques implementation -成型件工装运输成本分析技术实施237. Molded part tooling disposal methods evaluation -成型件工装处理方法评估238. Molded part tooling recycling process efficiency improvement techniques implementation -成型件工装回收流程效率提升技术实施239. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装成本降低策略评估240. Molded part tooling risk assessment techniques implementation -成型件工装风险评估技术实施241. Molded part tooling safety protocols optimization strategies -成型件工装安全协议优化策略242. Molded part tooling environmental impact assessment techniques implementation -成型件工装环境影响评估技术实施243. Molded part tooling sustainability improvement strategies evaluation -成型件工装可持续性改进策略评估244. Molded part tooling efficiency evaluation techniques implementation -成型件工装效率评估技术实施245. Molded part tooling inventory management optimization strategies implementation -成型件工装库存管理优化策略实施246. Molded part tooling repair process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装修复流程效率评估技术247. Molded part tooling modification cost reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装修改成本降低策略评估248. Molded part tooling replacement cost reduction techniques evaluation -成型件工装更换成本降低技术评估249. Molded part tooling storage space optimization strategies implementation -成型件工装存储空间优化策略实施250. Molded part tooling transportation cost reduction techniques evaluation -成型件工装运输成本降低技术评估251. Molded part tooling design optimization techniques implementation -成型件工装设计优化技术实施252. Molded part tooling production capacity evaluation -成型件工装生产能力评估253. Molded part tooling inspection methods improvement strategies -成型件工装检验方法改进策略254. Molded part tooling maintenance cost analysis techniques -成型件工装维护成本分析技术255. Molded part tooling repair process optimization strategies implementation -成型件工装修复过程优化策略实施256. Molded part tooling modification process cost reduction techniques -成型件工装修改过程成本降低技术257. Molded part tooling replacement process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装更换过程效率评估技术258. Molded part tooling storage system efficiency improvement strategies implementation -成型件工装存储系统效率提升策略实施259. Molded part tooling transportation cost reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装运输成本降低策略评估260. Molded part tooling disposal methods optimization techniques implementation -成型件工装处理方法优化技术实施261. Molded part tooling quality control measures implementation -成型件工装质量控制措施实施262. Molded part tooling material selection criteria evaluation -成型件工装材料选择标准评估263. Molded part tooling cost estimation techniques implementation -成型件工装成本估算技术实施264. Molded part tooling waste reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装废料减少策略评估265. Molded part tooling energy consumption optimization techniques -成型件工装能源消耗优化技术266. Molded part tooling production cycle time reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装生产周期缩短策略评估267. Molded part tooling training programs implementation -成型件工装培训计划实施268. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization strategies -成型件工装维护计划优化策略269. Molded part tooling inspection frequency evaluation techniques -成型件工装检验频率评估技术270. Molded part tooling repair cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装修复成本降低策略实施271. Molded part tooling modification process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装修改过程效率评估技术272. Molded part tooling replacement process cost reduction strategies -成型件工装更换过程成本降低策略273. Molded part tooling storage system organization techniques implementation -成型件工装存储系统组织技术实施274. Molded part tooling transportation safety protocols evaluation -成型件工装运输安全协议评估275. Molded part tooling disposal methods cost evaluation techniques -成型件工装处理方法成本评估技术276. Molded part tooling quality assurance audits implementation -成型件工装质量保证审计实施277. Molded part tooling material sourcing optimization strategies -成型件工装材料采购优化策略278. Molded part tooling cost control measures implementation -成型件工装成本控制措施实施279. Molded part tooling waste management techniques evaluation -成型件工装废料管理技术评估280. Molded part tooling energy efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装能效提升策略281. Molded part tooling production planning optimization techniques implementation -成型件工装生产计划优化技术实施282. Molded part tooling training effectiveness evaluation techniques -成型件工装培训效果评估技术283. Molded part tooling maintenance cost reduction strategies evaluation -成型件工装维护成本降低策略评估284. Molded part tooling inspection methods optimization techniques -成型件工装检验方法优化技术285. Molded part tooling repair process cost reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装修复过程成本降低策略实施286. Molded part tooling modification process efficiency improvement techniques -成型件工装修改过程效率提升技术287. Molded part tooling replacement process safety protocols evaluation -成型件工装更换过程安全协议评估288. Molded part tooling storage system space optimization strategies -成型件工装存储系统空间优化策略289. Molded part tooling transportation cost analysis techniques implementation -成型件工装运输成本分析技术290. Molded part tooling disposal methods efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装处理方法效率评估技术291. Molded part tooling quality control system implementation -成型件工装质量控制系统实施292. Molded part tooling material selection process optimization strategies -成型件工装材料选择过程优化策略293. Molded part tooling cost estimation accuracy evaluation techniques -成型件工装成本估算准确度评估技术294. Molded part tooling waste reduction techniques implementation -成型件工装废料减少技295. Molded part tooling energy consumption monitoring system implementation -成型件工装能耗监测系统实施296. Molded part tooling production scheduling optimization strategies -成型件工装生产调度优化策略297. Molded part tooling training program development techniques -成型件工装培训计划开发技术298. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization strategies -成型件工装维护计划优化策略299. Molded part tooling inspection frequency optimization techniques -成型件工装检验频率优化技术300. Molded part tooling repair process efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装修复过程效率提升策略301. Molded part tooling replacement cost analysis techniques -成型件工装更换成本分析技术302. Molded part tooling storage system organization techniques -成型件工装存储系统组织技术303. Molded part tooling transportation safety protocols implementation -成型件工装运输安全协议实施304. Molded part tooling disposal methods cost analysis techniques -成型件工装处理方法成本分析技术305. Molded part tooling quality control system evaluation techniques -成型件工装质量控制系统评估技术306. Molded part tooling material selection process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装材料选择过程效率评估技术307. Molded part tooling cost estimation accuracy improvement strategies -成型件工装成本估算准确度提升策略308. Molded part tooling waste management system implementation -成型件工装废料管理系统实施309. Molded part tooling energy consumption reduction techniques -成型件工装能耗减少技术310. Molded part tooling production scheduling efficiency evaluationtechniques -成型件工装生产调度效率评估技术311. Molded part tooling training program effectiveness evaluation techniques -成型件工装培训计划效果评估技术312. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization techniques -成型件工装维护计划优化技术313. Molded part tooling inspection frequency optimization strategies -成型件工装检验频率优化策略314. Molded part tooling repair process cost analysis techniques -成型件工装修复过程成本分析技术315. Molded part tooling replacement process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装更换过程效率评估技术316. Molded part tooling storage system space utilization techniques -成型件工装存储系统空间利用技术317. Molded part tooling transportation cost reduction strategies -成型件工装运输成本降低策略318. Molded part tooling disposal methods efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装处理方法效率提升策略319. Molded part tooling quality control system implementation techniques -成型件工装质量控制系统实施技术320. Molded part tooling material selection process optimization techniques -成型件工装材料选择过程优化技术321. Molded part tooling cost estimation accuracy improvementtechniques -成型件工装成本估算准确度提升技术322. Molded part tooling waste reduction strategies implementation -成型件工装废料减少策略实施323. Molded part tooling energy consumption monitoring system optimization techniques -成型件工装能耗监测系统优化技术324. Molded part tooling production scheduling efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装生产调度效率提升策略325. Molded part tooling training program development techniques -成型件工装培训计划开发技术326. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization techniques -成型件工装维护计划优化技术327. Molded part tooling inspection frequency optimization strategies -成型件工装检验频率优化策略328. Molded part tooling repair process efficiency evaluation techniques -成型件工装修复过程效率评估技术329. Molded part tooling replacement cost analysis methods -成型件工装更换成本分析方法330. Molded part tooling storage system organization strategies -成型件工装存储系统组织策略331. Molded part tooling transportation safety protocols evaluation -成型件工装运输安全协议评估332. Molded part tooling disposal methods cost analysis methods -成型件工装处理方法成本分析方法333. Molded part tooling quality control system effectiveness evaluation techniques -成型件工装质量控制系统效果评估技术334. Molded part tooling material selection process efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装材料选择过程效率提升策335. Molded part tooling cost optimization techniques -成型件工装成本优化技术336. Molded part tooling maintenance record keeping methods -成型件工装维护记录保持方法337. Molded part tooling inspection checklist development techniques -成型件工装检查清单开发技术338. Molded part tooling repair process time reduction strategies -成型件工装修复过程时间减少策略339. Molded part tooling replacement frequency analysis methods -成型件工装更换频率分析方法340. Molded part tooling storage system inventory management techniques -成型件工装存储系统库存管理技术341. Molded part tooling transportation route optimization strategies -成型件工装运输路线优化策略342. Molded part tooling disposal methods environmental impact assessment techniques -成型件工装处理方法环境影响评估技术343. Molded part tooling quality control system auditing methods -成型件工装质量控制系统审核方法344. Molded part tooling material selection process cost analysis techniques -成型件工装材料选择过程成本分析技术345. Molded part tooling cost estimation error analysis techniques -成型件工装成本估算误差分析技术346. Molded part tooling waste reduction strategies implementation monitoring techniques -成型件工装废料减少策略实施监测技术347. Molded part tooling energy consumption reduction techniques -成型件工装能耗减少技术348. Molded part tooling production scheduling optimization techniques -成型件工装生产调度优化技术349. Molded part tooling training program effectiveness evaluation methods -成型件工装培训计划效果评估方法350. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule flexibility strategies -成型件工装维护计划灵活性策略351. Molded part tooling design software proficiency assessment methods -成型件工装设计软件熟练度评估方法352. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies implementation monitoring techniques -成型件工装成本降低策略实施监测技术353. Molded part tooling storage system space optimization strategies -成型件工装存储系统空间优化策略354. Molded part tooling transportation risk assessment methods -成型件工装运输风险评估方法355. Molded part tooling disposal methods regulatory compliance evaluation techniques -成型件工装处理方法合规性评估技术356. Molded part tooling quality control system training program development techniques -成型件工装质量控制系统培训计划开发技术357. Molded part tooling material selection process sustainability assessment methods -成型件工装材料选择过程可持续性评估方法358. Molded part tooling cost estimation accuracy improvement strategies -成型件工装成本估算准确性提升策略359. Molded part tooling waste management system implementation techniques -成型件工装废料管理系统实施技术360. Molded part tooling energy efficiency improvement strategies -成型件工装能效提升策略361. Molded part tooling production scheduling flexibility analysis methods -成型件工装生产调度灵活性分析方法362. Molded part tooling training program effectiveness evaluation criteria -成型件工装培训计划效果评估标准363. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization techniques -成型件工装维护计划优化技术364. Molded part tooling design optimization methods for reducing defects -成型件工装设计优化方法降低缺陷365. Molded part tooling cost estimation techniques for new product development -成型件工装成本估算技术新产品开发366. Molded part tooling storage system inventory tracking methods -成型件工装存储系统库存跟踪方法367. Molded part tooling transportation risk mitigation strategies -成型件工装运输风险缓解策略368. Molded part tooling disposal methods environmental sustainability evaluation techniques -成型件工装处理方法环境可持续性评估技术369. Molded part tooling quality control system documentation management techniques -成型件工装质量控制系统文件管理技术370. Molded part tooling material selection process sustainability improvement strategies -成型件工装材料选择过程可持续性改善策略371. Molded part tooling cost estimation error reduction techniques -成型件工装成本估算误差减少技术372. Molded part tooling waste reduction strategies effectiveness evaluation methods -成型件工装废料减少策略效果评估方法373. Molded part tooling energy consumption monitoring techniques -成型件工装能耗监测技术374. Molded part tooling production scheduling optimization tools -成型件工装生产调度优化工具375. Molded part tooling training program evaluation methods -成型件工装培训计划评估方法376. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule adjustment techniques -成型件工装维护计划调整技术377. Molded part tooling design software selection criteria -成型件工装设计软件选择标准378. Molded part tooling cost reduction strategies effectiveness evaluation methods -成型件工装成本降低策略效果评估方法379. Molded part tooling storage system organization tools -成型件工装存储系统组织工具380. Molded part tooling transportation risk mitigation measures -成型件工装运输风险缓解措施381. Molded part tooling disposal methods regulatory compliance monitoring techniques -成型件工装处理方法合规性监测技术382. Molded part tooling quality control system training program evaluation methods -成型件工装质量控制系统培训计划评估方法383. Molded part tooling material selection process cost-benefit analysis techniques -成型件工装材料选择过程成本效益分析技术384. Molded part tooling waste management strategies sustainability assessment methods -成型件工装废料管理策略可持续性评估方法385. Molded part tooling energy efficiency improvement measures -成型件工装能效改善措施386. Molded part tooling production scheduling optimization algorithms-成型件工装生产调度优化算法387. Molded part tooling training program effectiveness evaluation tools -成型件工装培训计划效果评估工具388. Molded part tooling maintenance schedule optimization models -成型件工装维护计划优化模型389. Molded part tooling design optimization techniques for improving product performance -成型件工装设计优化技术提高产品性能390. Molded part tooling cost estimation methods for budget planning -成型件工装成本估算方法预算规划391. Molded part tooling storage system inventory management techniques -成型件工装存储系统库存管理技术392. Molded part tooling transportation risk assessment methods -成型件工装运输风险评估方法393. Molded part tooling disposal methods environmental impact assessment techniques -成型件工装处理方法环境影响评估技术394. Molded part tooling quality control system documentation control methods -成型件工装质量控制系统文件控制方法395. Molded part tooling material selection process sustainability evaluation criteria -成型件工装材料选择过程可持续性评估标准396. Molded part tooling cost estimation accuracy improvement techniques -成型件工装成本估算准确性改善技术397. Molded part tooling waste reduction strategies monitoring methods。
模具英语专业术语
模具英语专业术语如下：1. 模具：Mold，Die2. 模具设计：Mold Design3. 模具制造：Mold Manufacturing4. 模具工程师：Mold Engineer5. 模具材料：Mold Material6. 耐磨材料：wear-resistant material7. 热处理：Heat Treatment8. 水路设计：Water Path Design9. 浇注系统：Injection Sleeve10. 冷却系统：Cooling System11. 顶出系统：Pop-out System12. 复位系统：Reset System13. 导向机构：Guide Device14. 模板：Base Plate15. 顶杆：Pushrod16. 复位杆：Reset Rod17. 斜导柱：Oblique Guide Column18. 导套：Guide Bushing19. 滑块：Slider20. 镶针：Pillow Block21. 弹簧：Spring22. 皮囊弹簧：Kelvin Spring23. 油压缓冲器：Hydraulic Buffer24. 压力表：Pressure Gauge25. 安全阀：Safety Valve26. 水路板：Waterway Plate27. 分流器：Flow Divider28. 水口：Filler Port29. 冷料穴：Cold Molding Chamber30. 模具钢：Mold Steel31. SKH-55、SKH-55M、高速工具钢、HSS等。
32. SKD、SKH-S、SKD61、SKH-9等。
模具钢硬度（Hardness of die steel）：布氏硬度（HB）、洛氏硬度（HRC）、维氏硬度（HV）等。
33. SKD61(级硬SKD61) ，Cr12MoV，A3，A2，SKH-9，718，738，P20等。
塑料模具钢有PXZ、SACD、S136、S718、SS446、3Cr2Mo等。
模具专业英语词汇
模具专业英语词汇摘要：模具是一种用于生产特定形状的产品的工具，它在制造业中有着广泛的应用。
模具专业英语词汇是指与模具相关的专业术语，它涉及到模具的设计、制造、检验、使用等方面。
本文根据不同的主题，整理了一些常用的模具专业英语词汇，并用表格的形式进行了展示，以便于读者学习和参考。
1. 模具类型模具是一种用于生产特定形状的产品的工具，它可以分为不同的类型，根据加工方法和材料的不同，可以分为以下几类：中文英文注塑模injection mold压铸模die-casting mold冲压模stamping mold挤出模extrusion mold吹塑模blow mold硅胶模silicone mold砂型模sand mold石膏模plaster mold三板模three-plate mold双色模two-color mold2. 模具结构模具结构是指模具的组成部分和连接方式，它决定了模具的功能和性能。
一般来说，一个完整的模具由以下几个部分组成：中文英文模架mold base模芯core模腔cavity浇口系统gate system导向系统guiding system顶出系统ejection system冷却系统cooling system3. 模架模架是指支撑和固定模芯、模腔等部件的基础结构，它通常由标准件或定制件组成。
常见的模架部件有：中文英文定模座板fixed clamping plate动模座板moving clamping plate定模套板fixed bolster plate动模套板moving bolster plate支承板backing plate垫块spacer block4. 模芯和模腔模芯和模腔是指与被加工材料直接接触并形成产品形状的部件，它们通常由钢材或其他硬质材料制成。
常见的与模芯和模腔相关的术语有：中文英文凹面（内型面）concave surface (inner surface)凸面（外型面）convex surface (outer surface)分型面（合型面）parting surface (matching surface)型芯固定板（凸模固定板）core-retainer plate (punch-retainer plate)凹模固定板（凸模固定板）cavity-retainer plate (die-retainer plate)5. 浇口系统浇口系统是指将熔融或液态材料从注塑机或压铸机输送到型腔中的通道，它包括浇口、流道、冷料井等部件。
外文翻译-模具类注塑机模具设计
外文翻译-模具类注塑机模具设计外文翻译毕业设计题目:操纵机构及其面板凸轮机构模具设计原文1:Plastic Material Molding译文1:塑料成型原文2:The Injection-molding Maching 译文2:注塑机Plastic Material MoldingPlastic objects are formed by comperssion,transfer,and injection molding.Other processes arecasting, extrusion and laminating, filament winding, sheet forming, jointing, foaming, andmaching. Some of these and still otherrs are used for rubber. A reason for a variety of processes isthat different materials must be worked in differentways. Also, each methods is advantageous for certain kind of product(Table 1)Table 1 Characteristics of Forming and Shaping Processesfor Plastics and Composite Materialsprocess CharacteristicsExtrusion Long, uniform, solid or hollow complex cross-sections;high production rates; low tooling costs; widetolerrances.Injection molding Complex shapes of various sizes, eliminating assembly;high production rates; costly tooling; good dimensionalaccurancy.Structural foam molding Large parts with high stiffness-to-weight ratio; lessexpensive tooling than in injection molding; lowproduction rates.Blow molding Hollow thin-walled parts of various sizes; highproduction rates and low cost for making containers.Rotational molding Large hollow shapes of relatively simple shape;lowtooling cost; low production rates.Thermoforming Shallow or relatively deep cavities; low tooling costs;medium production rates.Compression molding Parts similar to impression-die forging;relativelyinpensive tooling; medium production rates.Transfer molding More complex parts than compression molding andhigher production rates; some scrap loss; mediumtooling cost.1Casting Simple or intricate shapes made with flexible molds;low production rates.Processing of composite materials Long cycle time; tolerances and tooling cost depend onprocess.There are two main steps in the manufacture of plastic products. The first is a chemical process to create the resin. The second is to mixand shape all the material into the finished article or product.1.1 Compression MoldingIn compression molding, a preshaped charge of material, a premeasured volume of powder, or a viscous mixture of liquid redin and filler material is placed directly into a heated mold cavity. Forming is done under pressure from a plug or from the upper half of the die (Figer 1). Compression molding results in the formation of flash (if additional plastic is forced between the mold halves, because of a poor mold fit or wear, it is called flash.), which is subsequently removed by trimming or other means.Typical parts made are dishes, handles, container caps, fittings, electrical and electronic components, washing-machine agitators, and housings. Fiber-reinforced parts with long chopped fibers are formed by this process exclusively.Compression molding is used mainly with thermosetting plastics, with the original material being in a partially ploymerized state. Cross-linking (in these ploymers, additional element link one chain to another. The best example is the use of sulfur to cross-link elastomers to create automobile tires) is completed in the heated die; curing times rang from0.5 to 5 minutes, depending on the material and on part thickness and geometry. The thicker the material is, the longer it will take to cure. Elastomers are also shaped by compression molding.Three types of compression molds are available as follows:2Figuer 1 Typres of compression moldinga. flash-type, for shallow or flat parts,b. positive, for high density parts,c. semipositive, for quality production.1.2 Transfer MoldingTransfer molding represents a further development of compression molding. The uncured thermosetting material is placed in a heatedtransfer pot or chamber (Figer 2). After the materialis heated, it is injected into heated closed molds. A ram, a plunger, or a rotating-screw feeder (depending on the type of machine used)forces the material to flow through the narrow channels into the mold cavity.Typical parts made by transfer molding are electrical and electronic components and rubber and silicone parts. This process is particularly suitable for intricate parts with varying wall thickness.1.3 Injection MoldingInjection molding (injection of plastic into a catity of desired shape. The plastic is then cooled and ejected in its final form. Most consumer productions such as telephones, computer casings, and CD players are injection molded. ) is principally used for the production of thermoplastic parts, although some process has been made in developing a method for injection molding some3thermosetting materials.Figure 2 Sequence of operations in transfer molding forthermosetting plastics The problem of injection a melted plastic into a mold cavity from a reservoir melted material has been extremelydifficult to solve for thermosetting plastics which cure and harden such conditions within a few minutes. The principle of injection molding is quite similar to that of die-casting. Plastic powder is loaded into thefeed hopper and a certain amount feeds into the heating chamber when the plunger draws back. The plastic powder under heat and pressures in the heating chamber becomes a fluid. After the mold is closed, the plunger moves forward, forcing some of the fluid plastic into the mold cavity under pressures. Since the mold in cooled by circulating cold water, the plastic hardens and the part may be ejected when the plunger draws back and the mold opens. Injection-molding machines can be arranged for manual operation, automatic single-cycle operation, and ful automatic operation. Typical machines produce molded parts weighing up to 22 ounces at the rate of four shots per minute, and it is possible on molded parts machines to obtain a rate of six shots per minute. The molds used are similar to the dies of a die-casting machine. The advantages of injection molding are as follows:1. A high molding speed adapted for mass production is possible,2. There is a wide choice of thermoplastic materials providing a variety of usefulproperties,3. It is possible to mold threads,(“sideways” racesses or projections of the molded part thatprevent its removal from the mold along the parting direction. They can accommodated4by specialized mold design such as sliders.), side holes, and large thin sections. 1.4 Thermoplastic Mold DesignBasically, there are two types of transfer mold: the conventional sprue type and the positive plunger type. In the sprue type the plastic performs are placed in a separate loading chamber above the mold cavity. One or more sprues (the runway between the injection machine's nozzle and the runners or the gate) lead down to the parting surface of the mold where they connect with gates to the mold cavity or cavities (Figer 3). Special press with a floating intermediate platen are especially useful for accommodating the two parting surface molds. The plunger acts directly on the plastic material, forcing it through the sprues and gates into the mold cavities. Heat and pressure must be maintained for a definite time for curing. When the part is cured the press is opened, breaking the sprues from the gates. The cull and sprues and raised upward, being held by a tapered, dovetailed projection machine on the end ofFigure 3 Schematic illustration of transfer moldingthe plunger. They can easily be removed from the dovetail by pushing horizontally. In a positive plunger-type transfer mold the sprue is eliminated so that the loading chamber extends through to the mold parting surface and connects directly with the gates (the entrance to the mold cavity). The positive plunger type is preferred, because themold is less complicated, and less material is wasted. Parts made by transfer molding have greater strength, more uniform densities, closer dimensional tolerances, and the parting plane (the separation plane of the two mold halves) requires less cleaning as compression molding.The following figure shows a typical two-plate mold and indicates the structure of mold and the arrangement of all parts in mold (Figure4).5Figure 4 The typical structure of two-plate mold作者:Yijun Huang国籍:china出处:Qinghua university press6塑料成型塑料制品一般是由压缩，传递和注塑成型等方法形成的。
模具设计外文翻译
外文资料翻译系别. 专业. 班级. 姓名. 学号. 指导教师.2011年4 月一、China’s mold industryDue to historical reasons for the formation of closed, "big and complete" enterprise features, most enterprises in China are equipped with mold workshop, in factory matching status since the late 70s have a mold the concept of industrialization and specialization of production. Production efficiency is not high, poor economic returns. Mold production industry is small and scattered, cross-industry, capital-intensive, professional, commercial and technical management level are relatively low.According to incomplete statistics, there are now specialized in manufacturing mold, the product supporting mold factory workshop (factory) near 17 000, about 600 000 employees, annual output value reached 20 billion yuan mold. However, the existing capacity of the mold and die industry can only meet the demand of 60%, still can not meet the needs of national economic development. At present, the domestic needs of large, sophisticated, complex and long life of the mold also rely mainly on imports. According to customs statistics, in 1997 630 million U.S. dollars worth of imports mold, not including the import of mold together with the equipment; in 1997 only 78 million U.S. dollars export mold. At present the technological level of China Die & Mould Industry and manufacturing capacity, China's national economy in the weak links and bottlenecks constraining sustainable economic development.1、Research on the Structure of industrial products moldIn accordance with the division of China Mould Industry Association, China mold is divided into 10 basic categories, which, stamping die and plastic molding two categories accounted for the main part. Calculated by output, present, China accounts for about 50% die stamping, plastic molding die about 20%, Wire Drawing Die (Tool) about 10% of the world's advanced industrial countries and regions, the proportion of plastic forming die die general of the total output value 40%.Most of our stamping die mold for the simple, single-process mode and meet the molds, precision die, precision multi-position progressive die is also one of the few, die less than 100 million times the average life of the mold reached 100 million times the maximum life of more than accuracy 3 ~ 5um, more than 50 progressive station, and the international life ofthe die 600 million times the highest average life of the die 50 million times compared to the mid 80s at the international advanced level.China's plastic molding mold design, production technology started relatively late, the overall level of low. Currently a single cavity, a simple mold cavity 70%, and still dominant.A sophisticated multi-cavity mold plastic injection mold, plastic injection mold has been able to multi-color preliminary design and manufacturing. Mould is about 80 million times the average life span is about, the main difference is the large deformation of mold components, excess burr side of a large, poor surface quality, erosion and corrosion serious mold cavity, the mold cavity exhaust poor and vulnerable such as, injection mold 5um accuracy has reached below the highest life expectancy has exceeded 20 million times, the number has more than 100 chamber cavity, reaching the mid 80s to early 90s the international advanced level.2、mold Present Status of TechnologyTechnical level of China's mold industry currently uneven, with wide disparities. Generally speaking, with the developed industrial countries, Hong Kong and Taiwan advanced level, there is a large gap.The use of CAD / CAM / CAE / CAPP and other technical design and manufacture molds, both wide application, or technical level, there is a big gap between both. In the application of CAD technology design molds, only about 10% of the mold used in the design of CAD, aside from drawing board still has a long way to go; in the application of CAE design and analysis of mold calculation, it was just started, most of the game is still in trial stages and animation; in the application of CAM technology manufacturing molds, first, the lack of advanced manufacturing equipment, and second, the existing process equipment (including the last 10 years the introduction of advanced equipment) or computer standard (IBM PC and compatibles, HP workstations, etc.) different, or because of differences in bytes, processing speed differences, differences in resistance to electromagnetic interference, networking is low, only about 5% of the mold manufacturing equipment of recent work in this task; in the application process planning CAPP technology, basically a blank state, based on the need for a lot of standardization work; in the mold common technology, such as mold rapid prototyping technology, polishing, electroforming technologies, surface treatment technologyaspects of CAD / CAM technology in China has just started. Computer-aided technology, software development, is still at low level, the accumulation of knowledge and experience required. Most of our mold factory, mold processing equipment shop old, long in the length of civilian service, accuracy, low efficiency, still use the ordinary forging, turning, milling, planing, drilling, grinding and processing equipment, mold, heat treatment is still in use salt bath, box-type furnace, operating with the experience of workers, poorly equipped, high energy consumption. Renewal of equipment is slow, technological innovation, technological progress is not much intensity. Although in recent years introduced many advanced mold processing equipment, but are too scattered, or not complete, only about 25% utilization, equipment, some of the advanced functions are not given full play.Lack of technology of high-quality mold design, manufacturing technology and skilled workers, especially the lack of knowledge and breadth, knowledge structure, high levels of compound talents. China's mold industry and technical personnel, only 8% of employees 12%, and the technical personnel and skilled workers and lower the overall skill level. Before 1980, practitioners of technical personnel and skilled workers, the aging of knowledge, knowledge structure can not meet the current needs; and staff employed after 80 years, expertise, experience lack of hands-on ability, not ease, do not want to learn technology. In recent years, the brain drain caused by personnel not only decrease the quantity and quality levels, and personnel structure of the emergence of new faults, lean, make mold design, manufacturing difficult to raise the technical level.mold industry supporting materials, standard parts of present conditionOver the past 10 years, especially the "Eighth Five-Year", the State organization of the ministries have repeatedly Material Research Institute, universities and steel enterprises, research and development of special series of die steel, molds and other mold-specific carbide special tools, auxiliary materials, and some promotion. However, due to the quality is not stable enough, the lack of the necessary test conditions and test data, specifications and varieties less, large molds and special mold steel and specifications are required for the gap. In the steel supply, settlement amount and sporadic users of mass-produced steel supply and demand contradiction, yet to be effectively addressed. In addition, in recent years have foreign steel mold set up sales outlets in China, but poor channels, technical services supportthe weak and prices are high, foreign exchange settlement system and other factors, promote the use of much current.Mold supporting materials and special techniques in recent years despite the popularization and application, but failed to mature production technology, most still also in the exploratory stage tests, such as die coating technology, surface treatment technology mold, mold guide lubrication technology Die sensing technology and lubrication technology, mold to stress technology, mold and other anti-fatigue and anti-corrosion technology productivity has not yet fully formed, towards commercialization. Some key, important technologies also lack the protection of intellectual property.China's mold standard parts production, the formation of the early 80s only small-scale production, standardization and standard mold parts using the coverage of about 20%, from the market can be assigned to, is just about 30 varieties, and limited to small and medium size. Standard punch, hot runner components and other supplies just the beginning, mold and parts production and supply channels for poor, poor accuracy and quality.3、Die & Mould Industry Structure in Industrial OrganizationChina's mold industry is relatively backward and still could not be called an independent industry. Mold manufacturer in China currently can be divided into four categories: professional mold factory, professional production outside for mold; products factory mold factory or workshop, in order to supply the product works as the main tasks needed to die; die-funded enterprises branch, the organizational model and professional mold factory is similar to small but the main; township mold business, and professional mold factory is similar. Of which the largest number of first-class, mold production accounts for about 70% of total output. China's mold industry, decentralized management system. There are 19 major industry sectors manufacture and use of mold, there is no unified management of the department. Only by China Die & Mould Industry Association, overall planning, focus on research, cross-sectoral, inter-departmental management difficulties are many.Mold is suitable for small and medium enterprises organize production, and our technical transformation investment tilted to large and medium enterprises, small and medium enterprise investment mold can not be guaranteed. Including product factory mold shop,factory, including, after the transformation can not quickly recover its investment, or debt-laden, affecting development.Although most products factory mold shop, factory technical force is strong, good equipment conditions, the production of mold levels higher, but equipment utilization rate.Price has long been China's mold inconsistent with their value, resulting in mold industry "own little economic benefit, social benefit big" phenomenon. "Dry as dry mold mold standard parts, standard parts dry as dry mold with pieces of production. Dry with parts manufactured products than with the mold" of the class of anomalies exist.二、Basic terminology1、ImpressionThe injection mould is an assenbly of parts containing within an inpression into which plastic material is injected and cooled. It is the impression which gives the moulding its form. The impression may, therefore, be defined as thatpart of the mould which imparts shape to the moulding.The impression is formed by two mould mimbers:(i)The cavity, which is the female portion of the mould, gices the moulding itsexternal form.(ii)The core, which is the male portion of the mould , forms the internal shape of the moulding.2、Cavity an core platesThe basic mould in this case consists of two plates. Into one plate is sunk the cavity which shapes the outside form of the moulding and os therefore known as the cavity plate. Similarly, the core which projects form the core plate forms the inside shape of the moulding os closed, the two plates come together forming a space between the cavity and core which is the impression.3、Sprue bushDuring the injection process plastic material is delivered to the mozzle of the machie as a melt;it is then tramsferred to the impression though a passage. The material in this passage is termed the sprue, and the bush is called a sprue bush.4、Runner and gate systemsThe material may bedirectly injected into the impression though the sprue bush or for moulds containing several impressions it may pass from the sprue bush hole through a runnerand gate system therefore entering the impression.5、Register ringIf the material is to pass without hidrance into the mould the mozzle and sprue must be correctly aligned. To endure that this is so the mould must be central to the machine and this can be achieved by including a regicter ring.6、Guide pillars and bushesTo mould an even-walled article it is necessary to ensure that the cavity and core are keptin alignmemt. This is done by incorporating guide pillars on one mould plate which then enter corresponding guide bushes in the other mould plate as the mouls closes.7、Fixed half and moving halfThe various mould parts fall naturally into two sections or halves. Hence, that half attached to the stationary platen of the machine (indicated by the chain dotted line)is termed the fixed half, The other half of the mould attached to the moving platen of the machine is known simply as the moving half. Now it has to be situsted. Generally the core is situated in the moving half and the overriding reason why this is so, is as follows:The moulding as it cools, will shrink on to the core and remain with it as the mould opens. This will occur irrespective of whether the core is in the fixed half or the moving half. However, this shrinkage on to the core means that some form of ejector system is almostly certainly necessary. Motivation for this ejector system iseasily provided if the core is in the moving half. Moreover, in the case of our single-impression basic mould, where a direct sprue feed to the underside of the moulding is desired the cavity must be in the fixed half and the core in the moving half.8、Methods of incorporating cavity and coreWe have now seen that in general the core is incorporsted in the moving half and the cavity in the fixed half. However, there are various methods by which the cavity and core can be incorporated in their respective halves of the mould. These represent two basic alternatives (i) the integer method where the cavity and core can be machined form steel plates which become part of the structural build-up of the mould, or (ii) the cavity and core can be machined form small blocks of steel, termed inderts, and subsequently bolstered. The choice between these alternatives constitutes an important decision on the part of the mould designer. The final result, nevertheless, will be the contains the core is termed the core plate and the plate or assembly which contains the cavity is termed the cavity plate.9、Cavity FabricationWhen a decision for making a mold is made, the cost is predicated on producing aspecified quantity of parts without additional tooling expenditure. Sometimes, the anticipatesare quantities are exceeded; other times, they all short of requirements, and costly repairs becomenecesary in order to supply the needs.In the making of cavities by machining, grinding, or electric discharge machining, there is constant drive to improve the rate of metal removal. Cutting tools as well as machine tools are developed for heavier and faster cuts; grinding wheels are tailor-made for special steels to allow deeper cuts per pass; and EDM machines are revamped to burn the metal at an accelerated pace.It is fully appreciated that faster mental-removal rate leads to more economical manufacture,but at the same time it mast be recognized that the newer cavity fabrication is associated with generation of more heat and indirectly with higher stresses that if not relieved can cause premature gailure.Suppliers of tool steel caution the user against fabricating stresses and strongly advise a stress-relieving operation. When a steel is to be heat-treated and a preheat cycle ia part of the heat-treating specification, then the metal-removal stresses will be eliminated.A great number of cavities are made of prehardened steel, and therefore would not be heat-treated.For those cavities,a stress-relieving operation should be carried out immediately after fabricaton.the stress-relieving temperature as a rule is about 100ºF below the tempring heat and is held for 30 min. for each inch of steel thickness. It is best to check the stress-relieving heat and time with the maker of the steel.The information about fabrication stress has always been emphasized by the steelmakers,but for some reason it has not been given the attention it deserves. Since a tool drawing should cover all the requirements of a tool element, it would be the appropriate place for a note such as the following:Note: For heat-treated steel:“Note: Use preheat and harden to RC ____.”Note: For prehardened steel:“Note: Stress relieve@___ºF for____hoursper____ inch of thickness.”Every effort should be made to eliminate the invisible source of problems, namely，fabricating stresses.Mold cavities can be produced by a variety of processes. The process to be used is Determined.First of all by the lowest cost at which the cavity can be produced for the desired end result. Other factors include precision of repairability. Frequently, a combination of processes is employed in order to meet all the specified requirements. The most common processes are discussed in the following sections.Specifically, investment casting may be considered for applications where the number of cavities is greater than six and tolerances of dimensions are in the range of ±0.005. It isparticularly adaptable to complex shapes and unusual configurations as well as for surface that are highly decorative and difficult to obtain by conventional processes. These decorative surface may have a wood grain, leather grain, or textured surface suitable for handle grips,etc.A lmost any alloy of steel or beryllium copper alloys can be cast to size and heat-treated metal hardness that is within the range of the alloy being cast. Acomparative cost evaluation will in many cases favor the investment process. The investment cast tooling when produced by qualified people can be of the same quality as those machined from bar stock., i.e.,they can be free of porosity, proper hardness, uniform with respect to each other, and where (and-where)the time element is a factor-can be produced in days instead of weeks. In this process, cavities have been made that weigh as much as 750 lb.The investment caqsting method calls for a model of a low-melt material such as wax, plastic, or frozen mercury. The model is a reproduction of the desired cavity block and, when cast, is ready for mounting in the base. It incorporates shrinkage allowances as well as a gating system for metal pouring. The complete model is sipped in a slurry of fine refractory material and then encased in the investment material, which may be plaster of paris or mixtures of ceramic materials with high refractory properties. With the encased investment fully set up, the model is removed from the mold by heating in can over to liquefy the meltable material and cause it to run out. The molten material is reclaimed for further use. The mold or investment casing is fully dried out during the heating. After these steps, the investment is preheated to 1000°to 2000ºF in preparation for the pouring of the metal. The preheat temperature is governed by the type of metal. When pouring is completed and solidification of the metal has taken place, the investment material is broken away to free the casting for removal of the gates and cleaning.The making of the model for cavity and core blocks of meltable material is an intermediate step. These model blocks are cast in molds that are the staring point for the process. The starting-point mold consists of the part cavity or core where the parting line width as well as block portin for mounting, etc., are built around the part cavity and core, and thus form the shape needed as the complete block.The investment-casting process was developed commercially to a high dehree of precision and quality during World War II for the manufacture of aviation gasturbine blades were made of alloys, which were difficult or impossible to be foged. Subsequently, refinements have been developed in the investment-casting process that are especially valuable to the moldmaking field. Most these improvements are in the area of investment materials for the pyrpose of maintaining closer tolerances on the castings. Some mold shops have equippedthemselves with the ability to produce investment castings alongside their regular fabrication facilities.三、Feed SystemIt is necessary to paovide a flow-way in the injection mould to connect the nozzle of the injection machine to each impression. This flow-way is termed the feed system. Normally the feed system comprises a sprue, runner and gate. These terms apply equally to the flow-way itself, and to the molded material which is removed from the flow-way itself in the process of extracting the molding.1、SprueA spure is a channel though which to transfer molten plastic injected from the nozzle of the injector the mold. It is a part of spure bush, which is a separate part from th mold.2、RunnerA runner is a channel that guides molten plastic into the cavity of a mold.3、GateA gate is an entrance through which molten plastic enters the cavity. The gate has the following functions:restricts the flow and the direction of molten plastic;simplifies cutting of a runner and moldings to simplify finishing of parts;quickly cools and solidifies to avoid backflow after molten plastic has filled up in the cavity.4、Cold slug wellThe purpose of the cold slug well, shown oppwsite the sprue, is theoretically to receive the material that has chilled at the front of the nozzle during the cooling and ejection phase. Perhaps of greater importance is the fact that it provides positive means whereby the sprue can be pulled from the sprue bush for ejection purposes.The sprue, the runner, and the gate will be discarded after a part is complete. However, the runner and the gate are important items that affect the quality or the cost of parts.四、Parting SurfaceThe parting surfaces of a mould are those portion of both mould plates, adjacent to the impressions, which butt together to form a seal and prevent the loss of plastic material from the impression. The parting surface is 1、classified flat and non-flatThe mature of the parting surface depends entirely on the shape of the component. A further consideration os that the parting surface must be chosen so that the molding can be removed from the mould. Many molding are required which have a parting line which lies ona non-planar or curved surface.When the parting surface os not flat, there is the quertion of unbalanced forces to consider in certain instances. The plastic material when under pressure within the impression, will exert a force which will tend to open the mould in the lateral direction. If this happens some flashing may occur on the angled face. The movement between the two mould halves will be resisted by the guide pillars, but even so, because of the large forced involved, it is desirable to balance the mould by reversing the step so that the parting surface continues across the mould as a mirror image of the section which includes the impression. It is often convenient to spercify an even number of impressions when considering this type of mould, as impressions positioned on opposite sides of the mould‟s centre-line serve to balance the mould.五、Mould coolingOne fundamental principle of injection molding os that hot material enters the mouls, where it cools rapidly to a temperature at which it solidified sufficiently to retain the shape of the impression. The temperature of the mould os therefore important as it governs a portion of the overall molding cycle. While the melt flows more freely in a hot mould, a greater cooling period is required before the solidified molding can be ejected. Alternatively, while the melt solidifies quickly in a cold mould it may not reach the extremities of the impression. A compromise between the two extremes must therefore be accepted to obtain the optimum molding cycle.The operating temperature for a particular mould will depend on a number of factors which include the following:type and grade of material to be molded;length of flow within the impression;wall section of the molding;length of the feed system, etc. It is often found advantageous to use a slightly higher temperature than is required just to fill the impression, as this tends to impreove the surface finish of the molding by minimizing weld lines, flow marks and other blemishes.To maintain the required temperature differential between the mould and plastic material, water or other fluid is circulated through holes or channels within the mould. These holes or channels are termed flow-ways or water-ways and the complete system of flow ways is termed the circuit.During the impression filling stage the hottert material will be in the vicinity of the entry point, i. e. the gate, the coolest material will be at the point farthest from the entry. The temperature of the coolant fluid, however, increases as it passes though the mould. Thereforeto achieve an even cooling rate over the molding surface it is necessary to locate the incoming coolant fluid adjacent to…hot‟molding surfaces and to locate the channels containing…heated‟coolant fluid adjacent to …cool‟molding surfaces. However, as will be seen from the following discussion, it is not always practicable to adopt the idealized appreach and the designer must use a fair amount of common sense when laying out coolant circuits if unnercessarily expensive moulds are to be avoided.Units for the circulation of water and other fluids are commercially available. These units are simply connected to the mould via flexible hoses, with these units the mould‟s temperature can be maintained within close limits. Close temperature control is not possible using the alternative system in which the mould is connected to a cold water supply.It is the mould designer‟s responsibility to provide an adequate circulating system within the mould. In general, the simplest systems are those in which holes are bored longitudinally through the mould plates. However, this is not necessarily the most dfficient method for a particular mould.When using drillings for the circulation of the coolant, however, these must not be positioned too close to the impression say closer than 16mm as this is likely to cause a marked temperature66variation across the impression, with resultant molding problems.The layout of a circuit is often complicated by the fact that flow ways must not be drilled too close to any other hole in the same mould plate. It will be recalled that the mould plate has a large number of holes or recessers, to accommodate ejector pins, guide pillars, guide bushes, sprue bush, inserts, etc. How close it is safe to position in a flow way adjacent to another hole depends to a large extent on the depth of the flow way driolling required. When drilling deep flow ways there is a tendency for the drill to wander off its prescribed course. A rule which is often applied is that for drillings up to 150mm deep the flow way should not be closer than 3 mm to any other hole. For deeper flow ways this allowance is increased to 5 mm.To obtain the best possible position for a circuit it is good practice to lay the circuit in at the earliest opportunity in the design. The other mould itens such as ejector pins, guide bushes, etc. , can then be positioned accordingly.六、Designs CAD/CAMAlthough CAD/CAM manufactures and suppliers are addressing the challenges mold disigners face when using software, these designers are still grappling with a number of issues. Kevin Crystal, senior quality engineer with The Protomold Co. (Maple Plain, MN)-a rapid injection molding company-reports that the greatest challenges he faces are with file。
模具毕业设计英译汉（Injection_molding）
模具毕业设计英译汉（Injection_molding）Injection moldingInjection molding (British English: moulding) is a manufacturing process for producing parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials. Material is fed into a heated barrel, mixed, and forced into a mold cavity where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the mold cavity.After a product is designed, usually by an industrial designer or an engineer, molds are made by a moldmaker (or toolmaker) from metal, usually either steel or aluminum, and precision-machined to form the features of the desired part. Injection molding is widely used for manufacturing a variety of parts, from the smallest component to entire body panels of cars.ApplicationsInjection molding is used to create many things such as wire spools, packaging, bottle caps, automotive dashboards, pocket combs, and most other plastic products available today. Injection molding is the most common method of part manufacturing. It is ideal for producing high volumes of the same object.Some advantages of injection molding are high production rates, repeatable high tolerances, the ability to use a wide range of materials, low labor cost, minimal scrap losses, and little need to finish parts after molding. Some disadvantages of this process are expensive equipment investment, potentially high running costs, and the need to design moldable parts.EquipmentPaper clip mold opened in molding machine; the nozzle is visible at rightMain article: Injection molding machineInjection molding machines consist of a material hopper, an injection ram or screw-type plunger, and a heating unit. They are also known as presses, they hold the molds in which the components are shaped. Presses are rated by tonnage, which expresses the amount of clamping force that the machine can exert. This force keeps the mold closed during the injection process. Tonnage can vary from less than 5 tons to 6000 tons, with the higher figures used in comparatively few manufacturing operations. The total clamp force needed is determined by the projected area of the part being molded. This projected area is multiplied by a clamp force of from 2 to 8 tons for each square inch of the projected areas. As a rule of thumb, 4 or 5 tons/in2 can be used for most products. If the plastic material is very stiff, it will require more injection pressure to fill the mold, thus more clamp tonnage to hold the mold closed. The required force can also be determined by the material used and the size of the part, larger parts require higher clamping force.MoldMold or die are the common terms used to describe the tooling used to produce plastic parts in molding.Since molds have been expensive to manufacture, they were usually only used in mass production where thousands of parts were being produced. Typical molds are constructed from hardened steel, pre-hardened steel, aluminum, and/or beryllium-copper alloy. The choice of material to build a mold from is primarily one of economics; in general, steel molds cost more to construct, but their longer lifespan will offset the higher initial cost over a higher number of parts made before wearing out. Pre-hardened steel molds are less wear-resistant and are used for lower volume requirements or larger components. The typicalsteel hardness is 38-45 on the Rockwell-C scale. Hardened steel molds are heat treated after machining. These are by far the superior in terms of wear resistance and lifespan. Typical hardness ranges between 50 and 60 Rockwell-C (HRC). Aluminum molds can cost substantially less, and, when designed and machined with modern computerized equipment, can be economical for molding tens or even hundreds of thousands of parts. Beryllium copper is used in areas of the mold that require fast heat removal or areas that see the most shear heat generated. The molds can be manufactured either by CNC machining or by using Electrical Discharge Machining processes.Mold DesignStandard two plates tooling –core and cavity are inserts in a mold base – "Family mold" of 5 different partsThe mold consists of two primary components, the injection mold (A plate) and the ejector mold (B plate). Plastic resin enters the mold through a sprue in the injection mold, the sprue bushing is to seal tightly against the nozzle of the injection barrel of the molding machine and to allow molten plastic to flow from the barrel into the mold, also known as cavity The sprue bushing directs the molten plastic to the cavity images through channels that are machined into the faces of the A and B plates. These channels allow plastic to run along them, so they are referred to as runners.The molten plastic flows through the runner and enters one or more specialized gates and into the cavity geometry to form the desired part.The amount of resin required to fill the sprue, runner and cavities of a mold is a shot. Trapped air in the mold can escape through air vents that are ground into the parting line of the mold. If the trapped air is not allowed to escape, it is compressedby the pressure of the incoming material and is squeezed into the corners of the cavity, where it prevents filling and causes other defects as well. The air can become so compressed that it ignites and burns the surrounding plastic material. To allow for removal of the molded part from the mold, the mold features must not overhang one another in the direction that the mold opens, unless parts of the mold are designed to move from between such overhangs when the mold opens (utilizing components called Lifters).Sides of the part that appear parallel with the direction of draw (The axis of the cored position (hole) or insert is parallel to the up and down movement of the mold as it opens and closes)are typically angled slightly with (draft) to ease release of the part from the mold. Insufficient draft can cause deformation or damage. The draft required for mold release is primarily dependent on the depth of the cavity: the deeper the cavity, the more draft necessary. Shrinkage must also be taken into account when determining the draft required.If the skin is too thin, then the molded part will tend to shrink onto the cores that form them while cooling, and cling to those cores or part may warp, twist, blister or crack when the cavity is pulled away. The mold is usually designed so that the moldedpart reliably remains on the ejector (B) side of the mold when it opens, and draws the runner and the sprue out of the (A) side along with the parts. The part then falls freely when ejected from the (B) side. Tunnel gates, also known as submarine or mold gate, is located below the parting line or mold surface. The opening is machined into the surface of the mold on the parting line. The molded part is cut (by the mold) from the runner system on ejection from the mold. Ejector pins, also known as knockout pin,is a circular pin placed in either half of the mold (usually the ejector half), which pushes the finished molded product, or runner system out of a mold.The standard method of cooling is passing a coolant (usually water) through a series of holes drilled through the mold plates and connected by hoses to form a continueous pathway. The coolant absorbs heat from the mold (which has absorbed heat from the hot plastic) and keeps the mold at a proper temperature to solidify the plastic at the most efficient rate.To ease maintenance and venting, cavities and cores are divided into pieces, called inserts, and sub-assemblies, also called inserts, blocks, or chase blocks. By substituting interchangeable inserts, one mold may make several variations of the same part.More complex parts are formed using more complex molds. These may have sections called slides, that move into a cavity perpendicular to the draw direction, to form overhanging part features. When the mold is opened, the slides are pulled away from the plastic part by using st ationary “angle pins” on the stationary mold half. These pins enter a slot in the slides and cause the slides to move backward when the moving half of the mold opens. The part is then ejected and the mold closes. The closing action of the mold causes the slides to move forward along the angle pins.Some molds allow previously molded parts to be reinserted to allow a new plastic layer to form around the first part. This is often referred to as overmolding. This system can allow for production of one-piece tires and wheels.2-shot or multi-shot molds are designed to "overmold" within a single molding cycle and must be processed on specialized injection molding machines with two or moreinjection units. This process is actually an injection molding process performed twice. In the first step, the base color material is molded into a basic shape. Then the second material is injection-molded into the remaining open spaces. That space is then filled during the second injection step with a material of a different color.A mold can produce several copies of the same parts in a single "shot". The number of "impressions" in the mold of that part is often incorrectly referred to as cavitation. A tool with one impression will often be called a single impression(cavity) mold.A mold with 2 or more cavities of the same parts will likely be referred to as multiple impression (cavity) mold.Some extremely high production volume molds (like those for bottle caps) can have over 128 cavities.In some cases multiple cavity tooling will mold a series of different parts in the same tool. Some toolmakers call these molds family molds as all the parts are related.Effects on the material propertiesThe mechanical properties of a part are usually little affected. Some parts can have internal stresses in them. This is one of the reasons why it's good to have uniform wall thickness when molding. One of the physical property changes is shrinkage. A permanent chemical property change is the material thermoset, which can't be remelted to be injected again.Tool MaterialsTool steel or beryllium-copper are often used. Mild steel, aluminum, nickel or epoxy are suitable only for prototype or very short production runs.Modern hard aluminum (7075 and 2024 alloys) with proper mold design, can easily make molds capable of 100,000 or more part life.Geometrical PossibilitiesThe most commonly used plastic molding process, injection molding, is used to create a large variety of products with different shapes and sizes. Most importantly, they can create products with complex geometry that many other processes cannot. There are a few precautions when designing something that willbe made using this process to reduce the risk of weak spots. First, streamline your product or keep the thickness relatively uniform. Second, try and keep your product between 2 to20 inches.The size of a part will depend on a number of factors (material, wall thickness, shape,process etc.). The initial raw material required may be measured in the form of granules, pellets or powders. Here are some ranges of the sizes.MachiningMolds are built through two main methods: standard machining and EDM. Standard Machining, in its conventional form, has historically been the method of building injection molds. With technological development, CNC machining became the predominant means of making more complex molds with more accurate mold details in less time than traditional methods.The electrical discharge machining (EDM) or spark erosion process has become widely used in mold making. As well as allowing the formation of shapes that are difficult to machine, the process allows pre-hardened molds to be shaped so that no heat treatment is required. Changes to a hardened mold by conventional drilling and milling normally require annealing to soften the mold, followed by heat treatment to harden it again. EDM is a simple process in which a shaped electrode, usuallymade of copper or graphite, is very slowly lowered onto the mold surface (over a period of many hours), which is immersed in paraffin oil. A voltage applied between tool and mold causes spark erosion of the mold surface in the inverse shape of the electrode.CostThe cost of manufacturing molds depends on a very large set of factors ranging from number of cavities, size of the parts (and therefore the mold), complexity of the pieces, expected tool longevity, surface finishes and many others. The initial cost is great, however the piece part cost is low, so with greater quantities the overall price decreases.Injection processSmall injection molder showing hopper, nozzle and die area With Injection Molding, granular plastic is fed by gravity from a hopper into a heated barrel. As the granules are slowly moved forward by a screw-type plunger, the plastic is forced into a heated chamber, where it is melted. As the plunger advances, the melted plastic is forced through a nozzle that rests against the mold, allowing it to enter the mold cavity through a gate and runner system. The mold remains cold so the plastic solidifies almost as soon as the mold is filled.Injection Molding CycleThe sequence of events during the injection mold of a plastic part is called the injection molding cycle. The cycle begins when the mold closes, followed by the injection of the polymer into the mold cavity. Once the cavity is filled, a holding pressure is maintained to compensate for material shrinkage. In the next step, the screw turns, feeding the next shot to the front screw.This causes the screw to retract as the next shot is prepared. Once thepart is sufficiently cool, the mold opens and the part is ejected.Molding trialWhen filling a new or unfamiliar mold for the first time, where shot size for that mold is unknown, a technician/tool setter usually starts with a small shot weight and fills gradually until the mold is 95 to 99% full. Once this is achieved a small amount of holding pressure will be applied and holding time increased until gate freeze off (solidification time) has occurred. Gate solidification time is an important as it determines cycle time, which itself is an important issue in the economics of the production process. Holding pressure is increased until the parts are free of sinks and part weight has been achieved. Once the parts are good enough and have passed any specific criteria, a setting sheet is produced for people to follow in the future. The method to setup an unknown mold the first time can be supported by installing cavity pressure sensors. Measuring the cavity pressure as a function of time can provide a good indication of the filling profile of the cavity. Once the equipment is set to successfully create the molded part, modern monitoring systems can save a reference curve of the cavity pressure. With that it is possible toreproduce the same part quality on another molding machine within a short setup time.Tolerances and SurfacesMolding tolerance is a specified allowance on the deviation in parameters such as dimensions, weights, shapes, or angles, etc. To maximize control in setting tolerances there is usually a minimum and maximum limit on thickness, based on the process used.Injection molding typically is capable of tolerances equivalent to an IT Grade of about 9–14. The possible toleranceof a thermoplastic or a thermoset is ±0.008 to ±0.002 inches. Surface finishes of two to four microinches or better are can be obtained. Rough or pebbled surfaces are also possible.Lubrication and CoolingObviously, the mold must be cooled in order for the production to take place. Because of the heat capacity, inexpensiveness, and availability of water, water is used as the primary cooling agent. To cool the mold, water can be channeled through the mold to account for quick cooling times. Usually a colder mold is more efficient because this allows for faster cycle times. However, this is not always true because crystalline materials require the opposite: a warmer mold and lengthier cycle time.InsertsMetal inserts can be also be injection molded into the workpiece. For large volume parts the inserts are placed in the mold using automated machinery. An advantage of using automated components is that the smaller size of parts allows a mobile inspection system that can be used to examine multiple parts in a decreased amount of time. In addition to mounting inspection systems on automated components, multiple axial robots are also capable of removing parts from the mold and place them in latter systems that can be used to ensure quality of multiple parameters. The ability of automated components to decrease the cycle time of the processes allows for a greater output of quality parts.Specific instances of this increased efficiency include the removal of parts from the mold immediately after the parts are created and use in conjunction with vision systems. The removal of parts is achieved by using robots to grip the partonce it has become free from the mold after in ejector pins have been raised. The robot then moves these parts into either a holding location or directly onto an inspection system, depending on the type of product and the general layout of the rest of the manufacturer's production facility. Visions systems mounted on robots are also an advancement that has greatly changed the way that quality control is performed in insert molded parts. A mobile robot is able to more precisely determine the accuracy of the metal component and inspect more locations in the same amount of time as a human inspector.注塑成型注射制模（Injection moldin）是一种生产由热塑性塑料或热固性塑料所构成的部件的过程。
模具常用语中英文对照
以下是30 个模具常用语的中英文对照：1.模具：mold2.模具设计：mold design3.模具制造：mold manufacturing4.模具加工：mold processing5.模具寿命：mold life6.模具维护：mold maintenance7.模具成本：mold cost8.模具材料：mold material9.模具结构：mold structure10.模具零件：mold part11.模具装配：mold assembly12.模具调试：mold debug13.模具成型：mold forming14.模具分型面：mold parting surface15.模具型腔：mold cavity16.模具型芯：mold core17.模具滑块：mold slider18.模具斜顶：mold lifter19.模具顶针：mold ejector pin20.模具冷却系统：mold cooling system21.模具浇注系统：mold gating system22.模具排气系统：mold venting system23.模具尺寸公差：mold dimensional tolerance24.模具表面粗糙度：mold surface roughness25.模具硬度：mold hardness26.模具钢：mold steel27.模具加工工艺：mold processing technology28.模具检测：mold inspection29.模具修改：mold modification30.模具报废：mold scrap。
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通过控制金属模具的温度可将仅200℃的蒸竹粉用于注塑[摘要]通过控制金属模具的温度可在注塑中尝试添加蒸竹粉。
竹粉放在一个小压力容器内在200℃下蒸了20分钟。
蒸粉的热流动试验是为了便于进行粉末流动性的研究。
粉末在160-220℃具有流动性，其中在180-200℃具有良好的流动性。
注塑在180℃或200摄氏度的注射温度和80-160℃的金属模具温度的条件下进行。
通过这个过程可以获得产品。
特别的，在金属模具温度在140或160℃时可获得拥有类似光泽表面的塑料产品。
注射温度影响着注射压力；注射温度和金属模具温度较高时，应在低压下往金属模具内注入熔融材料。
然而，材料在金属模具内的流动性并没有影响到产品的表面纹理。
引言利用木质材料作为工业材料来使用被预计将是有效的。
然而，传统的木质材料加工方法例如直接加工或塑料成型等存在着工作效率和加工性较差等问题。
由于需要将木质材料作为用于进行批量生产时使用的工业材料，其生产力应得到提高。
此外，需要更有效的方法使木质材料用于成型任意形状的产品。
为了解决这些问题，作者开发了一个木质材料注塑成型的方法。
材料的流动性是注射成型的一个重要因素。
在压力和热量的作用下，木质材料由于软化以及分解成木质素和半纤维素形成液体流动状态(Yamashita et al., 2007)。
Miki et al. (2004)用木粉的饱和水溶液通过注射成型制造了复杂形状的产品。
然而，由于水在加热时会产生的水蒸气和热解气体，使得材料中的水在成型过程中起着负面影响。
此外，据报道，在木粉饱和水溶液注塑成型时不可以使用传统的电动注射机所使用的热塑性塑料。
(Miki et al., 2005)为了解决这些问题，木质材料应在干燥条件下具有良好的流动性以便于成型。
然而，据报道，在加热干燥木材时其软化点的温度提高了(Hillis and Rozsa, 1985)。
因此，仅使用木质材料进行注塑是很困难的。
另一方面，通过加热和水制备的木质材料由于在成型之前进行分解被视为一种有效的方式。
Takahashi et al. (2010)报道，通过蒸汽制备的木粉其热流动温度降低。
此外，作者进行了一次蒸竹粉的注射实验，并证明通过蒸汽制备的粉末，其注射能力得道提高(Kajikawa and Iizuka, 2013)。
在这项研究中,尝试使用了烘干状态的蒸竹粉用于注塑。
注塑机构由一个注射部分和一个金属模具部分组成。
更为可取的是注射温度高使得材料呈流体状态。
另一方面，金属模具的温度应该较低以便于模制产品得到有效的冷却。
但是当金属模具温度过低时，金属模具内的材料流动不充分。
出于这个原因，我们在注塑时应试图控制金属模具温度。
在实验中，竹粉被蒸制过，且其流动性已经被热流动性实验研究过。
此外，我们进行了使用蒸竹粉的注射成型测试，并评估了金属模具温度对模制产品外观和成型压力变化的影响。
1 材料和方法1.1 准备材料以竹粉作为材料。
首先，竹子经过自动进料刨床加工获得竹屑。
然后，竹屑经过铣削机床进一步被粉碎。
筛取直径为300微米以下的竹粉用于这个实验。
图1（a）展示了粉末的粒度分布。
在这个图示中，粉末粒度主要集中在75-300微米。
使用一个小型压力容器来蒸制竹粉。
通过加热装满水和粉末的小型压力容器生成饱和水蒸气来处理粉末。
所制备的粉末的含水量应是在蒸制前准备粉末干重的200%。
粉末在200℃下蒸制20分钟。
蒸制后，粉末置于30℃的一个风干的状态下干燥。
此外，粉末在105℃下干燥以便于烘干至实验前的状态。
图1（b）和（c）分别显示蒸制后和未蒸制的竹粉表象。
蒸制后粉末的颜色变为姜黄色。
图1：（a）竹粉的粒度分布；（b）竹粉蒸制前的外观；（c）竹粉蒸制后的外观。
1.2 热流实验为了研究蒸竹粉的流动性，我们依据了JIS K 7210设计了这个热流动试验。
在流动性实验中我们使用了毛细管流变仪（日本岛津公司测试用CFT-500D）。
测试缸体外圆柱直径为11mm，模具型腔直径为2mm长度为8mm。
首先，将测试缸体加热到测试温度f T。
将干重1.5g的粉末放入缸中并且插入活塞。
在这种状况下，粉末预热6分钟。
活塞在预热3分钟后排出多余气体后加压。
之后活塞以49Mpa压力将材料挤压入模具。
测试温度取140、160、180、200和220℃。
1.3 注射成型实验用于测试的注塑设备示意图如图2（a ）所示。
粉末在缸体中通过加热加压使其通过金属模具的流道和浇口。
注射部分和金属模具部分分别用带式加热器和筒式加热器单独加热。
在缸体内部、金属模具内表面、和金属模具外表面分别测量出温度c T 、mi T 和mo T 。
配置的缸体，定位圈，浇口套和金属模具如图2（b ）和（c ）所示。
(a) 总装图；(b)缸体、定位圈、浇口套的装配；(c)金属模具的装配图2 用于注塑测试的设备原理图首先，竹粉放入加热缸中同时插入活塞。
然后，在粉末预热5分钟后，活塞以一个恒定的速度压下，1分钟后达到200Mpa 之后保持压力不变。
最后，使用冷却风机设备冷却，并在mo T 低于80℃后取出模制产品。
活塞的速度为100mm/min ，c T 温度取180和200℃、mi T 温度取80、100、120、140和160℃。
2. 结果和讨论2.1 蒸竹粉的流动性如图3（a ）所示，蒸竹粉在f T 温度为160、180、200和220ºC 条件下经挤压流动入模具中。
图3（b ）展示了在测试期间活塞的行程。
对于每个温度，由于粉末被挤压在缸体中，行程增加同时压力也就增加。
在f T 温度为180和200℃时，粉末被挤压完全的时间比其他任何温度下所用的时间要短。
这个结果表明，粉末在温度为180-200摄氏度时较好的流动性。
Goring (1963)报道到，木质素和半纤维素的软化温度分别为为134-230℃和167-217℃。
因此，认为当温度超过半纤维素的软化温度时，粉末具有良好的流动性。
然而，在f T 温度为220℃时，其流动性降低。
这表明，粉末在超过200℃的高温下的软化和分解对流动性产生了负面影响。
2.2 注射成型产品的外观热流动试验的结果决定了f T 取180和200℃。
在其他条件下也可能获得注射成型的产品。
图4展示了一个典型的在金属模具被完全填充下的注射产品的外观。
产品的颜色变成黑色，并且产生了类似塑料的表面光泽。
图5（a ）显示了金属模具温度对注射成型产品的外观的影响。
如图5所示，在c T 温度为180℃条件下，当mi T 温度为80和100℃时，材料没有完全填满金属模具而且这些产品的表面是粗糙的；当mi T 温度为120℃时，材料完全充满金属模具但产品的表面有点粗糙；当mi T 温度为140和160℃时，材料填充完全并且产品拥有表面光泽。
相比之下，如图5（b ）在c T 温度为200℃条件下，当mi T 温度为100、120、140和160℃时材料完全填充金属模具的样子。
另一方面，在c T 温度为2000℃、mi T 温度为140和160℃的产品表面光泽与c T 温度为180℃、mi T 温度为140和160℃时一样。
这些结果表明，当材料在较低温时填充模具应提高注射温度。
然而无论注射温度如何，金属模具的温度都应较高以保证产品的高光泽表面。
图3 热流动试验结果（a ）挤压成型材料的外观。
（b ）热流动曲线图4 金属模具被完全填充下的注射产品的典型外观（c T =200℃，mi T =160℃）：（a ）主视图；（b ）顶针面视图；（c ）浇口面视图图5金属模具温度对注射产品外观的影响：（a ）c T =180℃；（b ）c T =200℃。
2.3注射成型时注射压力的变化图6显示了在注射成型时注射压力的变化。
在每一种条件下，都可以观察到出现两个压力峰值。
据报道，类似的现象也出现在木粉-塑料混合物毛细管流动试验，并且在材料开始流动时压力下降(Imanishi et al., 2005)。
材料首先在缸体中被压实。
接下来，材料注入浇口时出现了第一个压力峰值。
之后，材料到达金属模具，并在浇口处再一次被压实。
最后，材料开始流向在垂直方向的注射部位时出现了第二个压力峰值。
在c T 温度为180℃的情况下，第一个压力峰值不随mi T 温度的变化而变化，第二个压力峰值在mi T 温度下降时增加。
此外，在mi T 温度很低时第二个压力峰值也很低。
当c T 温度为200℃时第一次压力峰值几乎和c T 温度为180℃时一样。
然而，第二次压力峰值变小了。
此外，第二次压力峰值不随mi T 温度变化而变化。
当材料在金属模具内流动时，c T 温度为200℃时和c T 温度为180℃时一样，压力随mi T 温度的降低而增加。
这些结果表明，高温时材料在注射部位和金属模具内部较容易流动。
然而，如图6所示，尽管在c T 温度为180℃、mi T 温度为160℃时注射与在c T 温度为200℃、mi T 温度为120℃时注射其压力变化几乎相同，但是产品的外观是不一样的。
因此，我们认为决定表面纹理的因素不仅仅是材料在金属模具内的流动性还有金属模具的温度。
图6 注射成型时注射压力的变化：（a ）c T =180℃；（b ）c T =200℃。
结论在这项研究中，设计了蒸竹粉的热流动试验和通过控制金属模具温度的蒸竹粉注射试验。
蒸竹粉在160-220℃的测试温度条件下产生流动。
特别的，在180和200℃具有较好的流动性。
通过注射成型制造模制产品是可行的。
当注射温度为180℃时，在金属模具温度为140或160℃时，可以得到完全填充模具的产品。
此外，在注射温度为200℃时，可在金属模具温度为100-160℃获得产品。
然而，无论注射部分的温度为多大，在金属模具温度为140和160℃下产品可获得类似塑料的表面光泽。
关于注射压力的变化，我们发现当材料在金属模具内流动时注射压力随着注射部位和金属模具温度的增加而降低。
然而，金属模具内的流动性并没有影响产品的表面纹理。
致谢语这项工作由JSPS KAKENHI 的编号为24360309提供支持。
我们对这个基础性研究表示万分感谢。
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