常用前缀和后缀

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常用前缀和后缀
一、常用前缀
前缀会改变词义,故应特别注意;除个别后缀(如-less等)外,后缀一般不改变词义,仅表明词性。

anti- against,opposite反(对)
war(战争)—antiwar(反战的)
missile(导弹)—antimissile(反导弹的)
auto- of or by oneself自己(做)的
stop(停止)— autostop(自动停止)
criticism(批评)— autocriticism(自我批评)
be- cause to be or have使,有
friend(朋友)— befriend(以朋友态度对待)
little(小)— belittle(贬低)
bi-two,twice,double二,双,两倍
party(政党)—biparty(两党的)
ped(足)— biped(二足动物)
bio- 1ife生命,生物
chemistry(化学)— biochemistry(生物化学)
sphere(范围)— biosphere(生物圈)
centi- hundredth part百分之一
meter(米)— centimeter(厘米)
grade(度)— centigrade(百分度的)
co- with,together共同,(和…)一起
author(作者)— coauthor(合著者)
exist(存在)— coexist(共存)
con- with,together共同,(和…)一起
join(参加)— conjoin(联合)
centric(中心的)— concentric(同中心的)
col-(用在字母l的前面)
location(位置)— collocation(并置)
collect 收集
com-(用在字母m, b, p的前面)
passion(激情)— compassion(同情)
combine结合,联合
cor-(用在字母r的前面)
relation(关系)— correlation(相互关系)
correct改正
contra- opposite反对,相反,相对
contradiction矛盾
missile(导弹)— contramissile(反弹道导弹度)
natural(自然的)— contranatural(违反自然的)
counter- opposite反对,相反,相对
act(起作用)— counteract对…起反作用
attack(攻击)— counterattack(反攻)
de-showing an opposite,to remove,to reduce非,相反,除去,减少 code(密码)— decode(解码)
value(价值)— devalue(使贬值)
dis- not,the opposite of否定,相反
agree(同意)— disagree(反对)
honest(诚实的)— dishonest(不诚实的)
e- , ef-out出,外(为ex-的变异形式)
lect(选)— elect(选举)
ject(投,掷)—eject(驱逐;喷射;弹出)
fect(做)— effect 结果,效果
en-, em- cause to become,put into the stated condition使成为,使处于…状态
large(大的)— enlarge(扩大)
body(身体)— embody(体现)
ex- 1. out 出,外
exit 出口
2. former以前的,前任的
minister(部长)—ex-minister(前任部长)
wife(妻子)— ex-wife(前妻)
extra- outside,beyond超出,在…之外
ordinary(普通的)— extraordinary(非常的)
vert(转)— extravert性格外向的人
fore- in advance,before,in or at the front预先,前,在前面的see(看)— foresee(预见)
leg(腿)— foreleg(前腿)
in-,i1-, im- , ir- not不,非,无(字母l前用il-;字母m, b, p前用im-;字母r前用ir-)
direct(直接的)— indirect(间接的)
infant婴儿
legal(合法的)— illegal(非法的)
balance(平衡)— imbalance(不平衡)
moral(道德的)— immoral(不道德的)
possible(可能的)— impossible(不可能的)
regular(规则的)— irregular(不规则的)
in- in, into内,向内
door(门)— indoor(室内的)
inter- between,among互相,在…之间
national(国家的)— international(国际的)
intra- inside, within在之内
city(城市)— intracity(市内的)
kilo- thousand千
gram(克)— kilogram(千克,公斤)
meter(米)— kilometer(千米)
macro-large大的,宏观的
economics(经济学)— macroeconomics(宏观经济学)mal- bad, badly坏,不良,不当
function(功能)— malfunction(机能障碍)
treat(对待)— maltreat(虐待)
micro- extremely small极小的
computer(计算机)— microcomputer(微型计算机)microscope 显微镜
mid- middle中间
day(昼,白天)— midday(中午)
night(夜晚)— midnight(午夜)
mini- small,short极小的,极短的
bus(公共汽车)— minibus(小汽车)
skirt(裙子)— miniskirt(超短裙)
mis- bad,badly坏,不当
understand(理解)— misunderstand(误解)
lead(引导)— mislead(使误入歧途)
mono- one, single单,一
log(说)— monologue(独白)
tone(音调)— monotone单调
multi- many, more than one多
national(国家的)— multinational(多国的)
non- not不,非,无
metal(金属)— non-metal(非金属)
governmental(政府的)— non-governmental(非政府的)out-outside,beyond超越,超过,胜过;在[向]外(的)live(生活)— outlive(比…活得长)
number(数量)— outnumber(在数量上超过)
door(门)— outdoor(户外的)
over- too much,above,additional过分,在…上面,额外的
head(头)— overhead(在头顶上的)
population(人口)— overpopulation(人口过剩)
time(时间)— overtime(加班)
poly- many多
gene(基因)— polygene(多基因)
centric(中心)— polycentric(多中心的)
post- later than,after在…之后
graduate(有学士学位的)— postgraduate(研究生的)
war(战争)— postwar(战后的)
pre- before,in advance在…之前,预先
view(观看)— preview(预演)
dict(说)— predict(预言)
pseudo- not real,false假,伪
memory(记忆)— pseudomemory(记忆错误)
science(科学)— pseudoscience(伪科学)
re-again,back to a former state再,回复
view(看)— review(复习)
call(叫,呼唤)— recall(回忆起,叫回)
semi- half,partly半,部分的
circle(圆)— semicircle(半圆)
final(决赛)— semifinal(半决赛)
sub- under,below,less important在…下,低于,次于…的
marine(海洋的)— submarine(海底的;潜水艇)
way(路)— subway(地铁)
super-greater or more than, above, beyond or over 超级,超过;在…之上
market(市场)— supermarket(超级市场)
natural(自然的)— supernatural(超自然的)
vis(看)— supervise(监督)
tele- at or over a long distance,by or for television远(距离),由(或为)电视
vis(看)— television(电视)
screen(屏幕)— telescreen(电视屏幕)
therm-, thermo- heat热
chemistry(化学)— thermochemistry(热化学)
meter(仪表)— thermometer(温度计)
trans- across,on or to the other side of横越
Atlantic(大西洋)— transatlantic(横越大西洋的)
plant(种植)— transplant(移植)
tri- three三
angle(角)— triangle(三角形)
cycle(圆圈)— tricycle(三轮摩托车)
ultra- beyond,very,too超过,极度的
high(高的)— ultrahigh(超高的)
sound(声音)— ultrasound(超声)
un- not不,非
fortunately(幸运地)— unfortunately(不幸地)
usual(平常的)— unusual(不平常的)
under- too little,below过少,在…下面
development(发展)— underdevelopment(欠发达)
sea(大)— undersea(海底的)
uni-one,single单,一
form(形式)— uniform(制服)
sex(性别)— unisex(不分男女的)
vice- next in rank below副
president(总统)— vice-president(副总统)chairman(主席)— vice-chairman(副主席)
二、常用后缀
1、名词后缀
-ability, -ibility
able(能够的)— ability(能力)
possible(可能的)— possibility(可能性)
-age
post(邮政)— postage(邮资)
shrink(收缩)— shrinkage(收缩)
-al
arrive(到达)— arrival(到达)
refuse(拒绝)— refusal(拒绝)
-an, -ian, -arian
humane(人道的)— humanitarian(人道主义者)library(图书馆)— librarian(图书管理员)
music(音乐)— musician(音乐家)
-ance, -ency
appear(出现)— appearance(出现)
refer(参考)— reference(参考)
-ancy, ency
emerge(出现)— emergency(紧急情况)
expect(期待)— expectancy(期待)
-ant, -ent
serve(服务)— servant(仆人)
study(学习)— student(学生)
-cy
accurate(准确的)— accuracy(准确性)bankrupt(破产的)— bankruptcy(破产)
-dom
free(自由的)— freedom(自由)
king(国王)— kingdom(王国)
-ee
employ(雇用)— employee(雇员)
absent(缺席)— absentee(缺席者)
-er, -or, -ar
lead(指引)— leader(领袖)
conduct(传导)— conductor(导体)
beg(乞讨)— beggar(乞丐)
-ery
brave(勇敢的)— bravery(勇敢)
cook(烹调)— cookery(烹饪法)
nurse(照料)— nursery(托儿所)
-ese
China(中国)—Chinese(汉语,中国人) Japan(日本)— Japanese(日语,日本人)-ess
actor(演员)— actress(女演员)
lion(狮子)— lioness(母狮)
-ful
hand(手)— handful(一把的量)
spoon(匙)— spoonful(一匙的量)
-hood
child(孩子)— childhood(童年)
neighbor(邻居)— neighborhood(邻近地区)-ics
electron(电子)— electronics(电子学)linguist(语言学家)— linguistics(语言学)-ion, -ition, -ation
collect(收集)— collection(收集)
compose(创作)— composition(作文)
observe(观察)— observation(观察)
-ism
hero(英雄)— heroism(英雄主义)
social(社会的)— socialism(社会主义)-ist
social(社会的)— socialist(社会主义者)art(艺术)— artist(艺术家)
-ity, -ty
cruel(残忍的)— cruelty(残忍)
pure(纯的)— purity(纯净)
-ment
move(运动)— movement(运动)
apart(分离的)— apartment(一套公寓房间)govern(统治)— government(政府)
-ness
dark(黑暗的)— darkness(黑暗)
happy(幸福的)— happiness(幸福)
-ology, -logy
bio(生物)— biology(生物学)
climate(气候)— climatology(气候学)
-ship
friend(朋友)— friendship(友谊)
member(会员)— membership(会员身份)-sion
decide(决定)— decision(决定)
conclude(结束)— conclusion(结论)
-ure
fail(失败)— failure(失败)
pict(标记)— picture(画)
2、动词后缀
-en
deep(深的)— deepen(加深)
fast(牢固的)— fasten(扎牢)
-ify
class(种类)— classify(分类)
simple(简单的)— simplify(简化)
-ize, -ise
modern(现代的)— modernize/-ise (使现代化)
popular(流行的)— popularize/-ise(普及)
3、形容词后缀
-able, -ible
suit(适合)— suitable(合适的)
horror(恐怖)— horrible(可怕的)
-al
centre(中心)— central(中心的)
nature(自然)— natural(自然的)
-an, -arian, -ian
Elizabeth(伊丽莎白)— Elizabethan(伊丽莎白的)
Christ(耶酥)— Christian(基督徒的)
vegetal(植物的,蔬菜的)— vegetarian(素食者的,吃素的)
-ant, -ent
differ(不同)— different(不同的)
insist(坚持)— insistent(不断的)
-ary, -ory
element(成分,要素)— elementary(基础的)
contradict(与…相反)— contradictory(相反的,矛盾的)-ate
consider(考虑)— considerate(考虑周到的)
fortune(运气)— fortunate(幸运的)
-en
wood(木头)— wooden(木头的)
wool(羊毛)— woolen(羊毛的)
-ese
China(中国)— Chinese(中国的)
Japan(日本)— Japanese(日本的)
-free
care(忧虑)— carefree(无忧无虑的)
ticket(票)— ticketfree(不用票的)
-ful
beauty(美))— beautiful(美丽的)
shame(羞耻)— shameful(可耻的)
hope(希望)— hopeful(有希望的)
use(用)— useful(有用的)
-ic, -ical
alcohol(酒精)— alcoholic(酗酒的)
music(音乐)— musical(音乐的)
-ish
fool(傻瓜)— foolish(愚蠢的)
red(红色)— reddish(微红的)
-ive
decide(决定)— decisive(果断的)
create(创造)— creative(有创造力的)
-less
help(帮助)— helpless(无助的)
job(工作)— jobless(失业的)
-like
child(孩子)— childlike(孩子般的)
lady(贵妇)— ladylike(贵妇般的)
-ly
day(白天,日子)— daily(每日的,日常的) man(男人)— manly(有男子气概的)
-ous, -ious
danger(危险)— dangerous(危险的)
space(空间)— spacious(宽敞的)
-some
quarrel(吵架)— quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的) trouble(烦恼)— troublesome(使人烦恼的)-ward
down(向下)— downward(向下的)
home(家)— homeward(回家的)
-y
hair(毛发)— hairy(多毛的)
noise(喧闹声)— noisy(喧闹的)
4、副词后缀
-ly
happy(快乐的)— happily快乐地
-ward, -wards
east(东)— eastward(s)(向东地) up(向上)— upward(s)(向上地)-wise
like(像)— likewise(同样地)other(其他)— otherwise(在其他方面)。

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