一般过去时
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一般过去时态:
一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。经常与yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。
I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
1.Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词,am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如:Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)
肯定回答:Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定句:No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语
如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?
2.实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式,否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.
肯定句为:主语+动词过去式+宾语
如:I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.(我昨天九点钟回的家。)
否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语
如:I didn't go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)
疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如:Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗?)
肯定回答:Yes, I did. (是的,我回了。)
否定回答:No, I didn't. (不,我没回家。)
3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下:
shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数
will―would(将要)用于所有人称
can ?could(能,会)may―might(可以)must―must (必须)
have to―had to(不得不)
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。如:I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)
4.一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1)一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如:play―played work―worked
2)以e结尾的动词只加d. 如:like--- liked love―loved
3)以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词,变Y为I,再加ed. 如:study―studied carry―carried 4)以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,要双写最后这个辅音字母,再加ed. 如:stop―stopped
5.--ed的读音规则如下:
1)在清辅音后面读[t]. work―worked [wE:kt] help―helped [helpt]
2)在浊辅音或元音后读[d]. learn―learned [lE:nd]
3)在[t] 和[d] 后读[id]. support―supported [sE'pC:tid]支持
6.不以ed 结尾的过去式,称为不规则动词。我们常用的有:
am (是) --was, is(是)--was, are(是)--were, begin(开始)--began,
bring(拿来)--brought, can(能)--could, catch(捉住)--caught, come(来)--came, cut(砍,割)--cut, dig(挖,掘)--dug, do(做,干)--did, draw(画画,拉)--drew, drink(喝)--drank, drive(驾驶)--drove, eat(吃)--ate, fall(跌倒,落下)--fell,
feel(感觉)--felt, fly(飞)--flew, get(获得)--got, give(给)---gave,
go(去)--went, grow(生长)--grew, have (has)(有)--had, hurt(伤害)--hurt,
keep(保持)--kept, know(知道,认识)--knew, learn(学习)--learnt, leave (离开)--left,
let(让)--let, lie(躺,平放)--lay, make(使得,做)--made, may(可以)--might, must(必须)--must, read(读)--read, ride (骑)--rode, ring (鸣铃)--rang,
run (跑)--ran, say (说)--said, see (看见)--saw, sell (卖)--sold,
send(送)--sent, set (放)--set, sing(唱歌)--sang, sit (坐)--sat,
sleep (睡觉)--slept, smell(闻)--smelt, speak(说话)--spoke, spend (花费)--spent, stand (站立)--stood, swim (游泳)--swam, take (拿到)--took, teach(教)--taught, tell (告诉)--told, think(认为)--thought, throw(投掷)--threw, understand(懂得)--understood,
wake(唤醒)--woke, wear(穿)--wore, will(将要)--would, win(获胜)--won,
write(写)--wrote
一般过去时态的“三变”技巧
一变:肯定句变为否定句
【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:
I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.
【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:
I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet whe n you called me.
【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:
The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.
二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句
【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:
He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?