The South-美国社会与文化

1.The South Atlantic States:
Florida （佛罗里达州） , Georgia （乔治亚州） , Maryland, North Carolina（北卡莱罗纳州）, South Carolina（南卡莱罗 纳州）, Virginia, West Virginia, and Delaware(特拉华州)

slavery

殖民地初期，当欧洲人初到美洲大陆之时， 白种人占据 统治地位。 1619年，一艘荷兰船把20名非洲黑人载至詹姆士敦。同 年,弗吉尼亚成立自由民议院，实现了白人政治自由的愿 望。 由于南部大面积的种植园需要大量的黑人劳动力，17世 纪和18世纪初，黑人奴隶人口迅速增长，促进了殖民地 时期的经济繁荣，同时也使白人统治阶级感觉到黑人人 口的威胁，于是，奴隶制便作为南方特有的经济体制和 种族压迫的手段而出现。
Source of information: mainly from Wikipedia and the textbook
The South of America
Team members: Violet Olivia Angela Vivian Faith
1. Geography
Geography
深红色：表示这些州分在现代的标准中都会被划为南部的州。 红色：表示大多会被包含在内的州。 加上斜线条纹：代表这些州分在有时候或偶尔会被视为南部。
Subregions
As defined by the United States Census Bureau, the Southern region of the United States includes 16 states. The Census Bureau defined them into 3 smaller divisions:

European colonization

1.The predominant culture of the South was rooted in the settlement of the region by British colonists. 2.The Spanish and French established colonies in Florida, Texas and Louisiana.


Civil War

到了1855年，由于北方人口的优势，南方逐渐失去对联邦政 府权力的控制，并且在有关州权和奴隶状态的议题上与北方 争论不休。民主党的总统James Knox Polk在1846年推行了 降低关税的法案，结果激怒了宾夕法尼亚州的产业界，使北 方政客们以封杀联邦政府用以道路建设和港口改善的预算作 为报复。等到1861年北方的共和党人掌权之后，许多南方人 决定他们应该从联邦分离。


With passage of the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, the slavery was abolished. African Americans in the South were made free citizens and were given the right to vote.
5.Civil War 6.Reconstruction and Jim Crow（美国黑人） te 19th and 20th century—industrialization and Great Migration 8.Presidential history 9.Growth and poverty
1.The Great Migration began during World War I, hitting its high point during World War II. During this migration, blacks left the South to find work in Northern factories and other sectors of the economy. 2.The migration also empowered the growing Civil Rights Movement. Most of the major civil rights movement events occurred in the South.


Presidential history

The South produced 9 of the first 12 U.S. Presidents before the Civil War. (George Washington, Thomas Jefferson etc.) For more than a century after the Civil War, no Southerner became President unless he either moved North or was vice president when the president died in office.
在林肯于1860年美国总统选举胜利后，七个以种植棉花为主 的州分决定脱离联邦，组成了美利坚联盟国 (Confederate States of America)。在1861年，他们又吸引了另外四个州 加入。美国政府拒绝承认脱离州分成立的国家，并且继续驻 守联邦军队在南方残存的几个堡垒，直到南方邦联在1861年 4月于桑特堡战役中攻下了最后一个堡垒。这场战役也引燃 了内战。

2. History
History


1.Native American culture
2.European colonization(Spanish, French, British) 3.American Revolution


4.Antebellum years(南北战争前)
红色：代表曾加入联盟国（confederate）的州分，并且长期以来在习 惯上和传统上也一直被视为是“南部”，有时候这些州分又被统一称为 “迪克西”。 加上斜线条纹：是那些属于“边缘”的州分，这些州分并不一定会被所 有人视为属于南部，尤其因为她们在内战期间并没有加入联盟国。
The Modern South
Northerners came south to participate in politics and business. Ku Klux Klan


the Great Migration and the American Civil Rights Movement

The South witnessed two major events in the lives of 20th century African Americans: the Great Migration and the American Civil Rights Movement.

Reconstruction

After the Civil War, the South was devastated in terms of population, infrastructure and economy. Rebuilding was difficult as people grappled with the effects of a new labor economy of a free market in the midst of a widespread agricultural depression.
Subregions
1.the Deep South: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, Louisiana, Florida (1).Agiculture is important. (2).Blacks are numerous. 2.the Upper South: Virginias, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee 3.the Southwest: Texas, Oklahoma, Arkanasas

2.The East South Central States:
Alabama（阿拉巴马州）, Kentucky, Mississippi （密西西比 州）and Tennessee（田纳西州）


3.The West South Central States:
Arkansas（阿肯色州）, Louisiana（路易斯安那州）, Oklahoma（俄克拉荷马州）, and Texas（德克萨斯州）.
There were thousands of people on the move, as African Americans tried to reunite families separated by slaves sales, and sometimes migrated for better opportunities in towns or other states. Other freed people moved from plantation areas to cities or towns for a chance to get different jobs and out of white control. At the same time, whites returned from refuges to reclaim plantations or town dwellings.

the South — commonly referred to as the Southern United States, the American South, Dixie.