英语语法主谓一致整理
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
主谓一致
主谓一致(Subject-Verb Concord)即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。
表里不一
主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象
1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.
2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.
3,"half of ,the rest of ,most of ,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.
4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利
5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:
What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.
6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each ,every ,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.
7,当主语后面有as well as ,with ,along with ,together with ,but ,like ,rather than ,except,逗号加and连接几个名词等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京. 8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:
They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.
9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.
10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics ,physics ,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news ,works ,plastics等同属此类.例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)
politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等。
12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers ,glasses ,shoes .shorts .scissors .scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.
还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes .contents .minutes(记录).remains (遗体).thanks等
13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用单数.例如:
One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.
14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.
15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.
16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
-s结尾
(一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题,以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题,如:arthritis ,bronchitis ,diabetes ,mumps ,phlebitis ,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如:Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
(二)以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题,以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数。
例如:Darts is basically an easy game.
但当Darts,Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时,谓语动词通常用作复数。例如:Three darts are thrown at each turn.
All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.
(三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题,某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数。例如:The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用作复数。例如:The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
(四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题,某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics ,mathematics ,mechanics ,optics ,acoustics ,politics,statistics ,economics ,linguistics ,athletics等,谓语动词通常用作单数。例如:The third world economics is promising.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义,可作复数用。例如: