【英语】英语阅读理解练习题及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解练习题及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
（1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps?
A. Because he was injured in his swimming.
B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.
C. Because westerners know a little about TCM.
D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM.
（2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture.
C. Because Western medicine is more effective.
D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.
（3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription.
C. Lacking in standardization.
D. Its stable functions.
（4）The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that ________.
A. medicine-making companies lack creativity
B. prescriptions are got from the past
C. Western companies are more experienced
D. medicine-making companies lack driving force
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，街扫了传统中药的好处。

和西医相比，它不必动手术，费用少，且没有术后感染的风险等，但生产缺乏标准化、疗效不稳定和缺乏创造力等问题也严重阻碍中医药的发展。

(1)考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.”可知，作者提到Michael Phelps的例子是说明西方人对TCM有一点了解，但这种了解只限于针灸，拔罐和按摩。

故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“TCM falls far b ehind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.”可知，有些WHO的成员国不承认中国的草药是因为中药发展缓慢，远远落后于西药。

故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effec ts being unstable.”可知，与西医相比，在第四段中指出中医的弱点是缺乏标准化。

故选C。

(4)考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity.”可知，中药缺乏创造力指的是中药是根据过去流传下来的处方做成的。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive. That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone, or chemical messenger in the body. This hormone creates feelings of affection in humans. The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them. Scientists believe this helps people and their four-legged friends bond, or feel connected. Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners. To find out, a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs.
The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both
showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, like that between a mother and newborn. The increase of oxytocin didn't happen, though, when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them.
A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin, they looked at their owners longer. Scientists aren't sure exactly why, but this reaction occurred only with female dogs. Their owners oxytocin levels also rose as a result.
The result of these experiments might help answer an age-old question: How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man's best friend? Takefumi Kikusui, an animal scientist who worked on the study, thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic (驯养的).
According to Kikusui, there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier. “Humans are very sensitive to eye contact. By using this spe cial communication tool, the dogs are able to win over our hearts. If they are more likely to make eye contact, it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners,” Kikusui said.
（1）According to Paragraph 1, people say “Awww” to .
A. make the dog stare at them
B. express their love for the dogs
C. draw the dogs' attention away
D. warn the dogs not to approach them
（2）According to the passage, oxytocin can .
A. reduce animals pain of giving birth
B. motivate animals desires to protect others
C. help animals to develop a better relationship
D. enable animals to survive more easily from dangers
（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that .
A. dogs became friends with humans
B. wolves begin to bond with humans
C. dogs and wolves are best friends
D. dogs were domesticated by humans
（4）What's the purpose of the passage?
A. To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.
B. To give advice on how to get along with dogs.
C. To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.
D. To explain why humans and dogs are connected.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。

本文主要叙述科学家解开了狗与人类的关系为何演变成今日如此这般和谐的原因之谜。

（1）推理判断题。

第一段开头When a dog looks at you with big puppy-dog eyes, it's hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “Awww” without hesitation. However, there's a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive.当狗看着你，你毫不犹豫地说“Awww”，不愿意离开。

这是因为你觉得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，说明你爱狗。

故答案选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第二段开头的…after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催产素). One key role of this hormone in many animals
is to promote bonding, …宠物和主人在一起半个小时，人与狗身上的催产素就会增加了。

这种激素在许多动物中的关键作用就是促进关系。

说明，催产系可以帮助动物加强联系，提升关系。

故答案选C。

（3）推理判断题。

第三、四两段给狗催产素，它们注视主人时间更长。

但是只有母狗会如此，所以给狗催产素后，狗的反应不一样。

这些实验的结果可能有助于解决一个古老的问题：现代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何变成人类最好的朋友的？从事这项研究的动物科学家Takefumi Kikusui认为，这种变化就是狗最初成为家畜时发生的变化。

由此可推断出，这种变化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先变成人类最好的朋友。

分析选项可知，故答案选A。

（4）主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，本文解释了狗与人类的关系如何演变成今天的如此和谐的朋友关系的原因。

分析选项可知D项（解释人类和狗连系的原因）符合题意，故答案选D。

【点评】阅读理解题主旨大意及段落大意解题技巧：
位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。

位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。

位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。

首尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。

3．阅读理解
Do you have a spare room in your house? What about a driveway for your car? Both of these can help you make money. Many people who are feeling the pinch are taking advantage of what's been called the “sharing economy”.
Perhaps the best-known example of a company in this field is Airbnb---an American web business which allows you to rent out your spare room to holidaymakers. It says it operates in 34,000 cities and it has over 1,500,000 listings.It seems to have concerned the market!
A British company is doing something with parking spaces. JustPark's founder, Anthony Eskinazi, says,“When I had the original idea, Ispotted a driveway close to a sports stadium. It would have been so convenient if I could have just parked in that driveway rather than in commercial car park.” And he has a big clientele（客户）:around 20,000 people have advertised their spaces on the site, and he says around half a million drivers use it. There are other sites doing very similar things, like Uber and Lyft---these let drivers share their cars with other passengers. Any driver knows how valuable a place to park is .A church near Kings Cross in central London has apparently made over £200,000 by renting out space in its yard to travelers!
Because this is a new business world, those rules aren't there yet and many people are happy to share...as long as it pays!
But the sharing economy has its critics: the competitors of these new companies. People who run things like traditional B&B, commercial car parks and taxi services are afraid of ending up out of pocket. And there is another issue: regulations on these new business are unclear. How will renting out your driveway affect your neighbor?
（1）What does th e underlined phrase “feeling the pinch” probably mean?
A. Lacking in money
B. Full of curiosity
C. Willing to help others
D. Unsatisfied with their life
（2）Who may be against the sharing economy?
A. A taxi driver who can't find a parking place
B. A priest in the church near Kings Cross
C. A traveller who needs accomodiation
D. A well-known high-end holiday hotel
（3）Why are many people pleased to share according to paragraph 4?
A. They can gain huge profits
B. They needn't pay any fee
C. There are few rules to limit them
D. The new business has no risks
（4）Which of the following words can best describe the booming business?
A. Creative and developed
B. Competitive but unpractical
C. Effective and worrying
D. Traditional and acceptable
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一片应用文，介绍了一些能够获益的方法与例子．文中通过几个例子告诉我们只要能够用心观察每一处的机会，你就会成功从中获益。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“Both of these can help you make money”推出feeling the pinch指的是那些缺钱的人出租自己的东西来获取利润。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

在第二和第三段举了很多出租自己物品的例子，如：出租车司机，教堂里的牧师，旅行者。

一家住房率很高的知名酒店肯定不需要共享。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段“Because this is a new business world，those rules aren't there yet and many people are happy to share-as long as it pays!”这句话告诉我们这种共享经济由于是新事物而且没有规则约束，受到很多人的欢迎。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

文章介绍里一种出租自己闲置物品的赚钱途径即共享经济，可以带来利益，但在最后一段中的“regulations on these new businesses are unclear”对这个新行业的规则还不明确。

所以确定答案为Effective but worrying。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
I visited Copenhagen for the first time last Easter. As a student，I'm always strapped for cash，so I assumed I could only afford to breathe the air — but luckily everything about Copenhagen is breathtaking.
I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground. One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn, or “round tower” built in the 17th century as an astronomical observatory. It has an equestrian staircase (a wide set of stairs big enough for horses to use) that went on and on. As I was going up, I stopped to visit the tower's library hall. At the top, there's a glass platform that gives a view 80-foot straight down, as well as a bell loft. Luckily,
the views over Copenhagen from the top were well worth the climb.
After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue. Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around—but sitting there and hearing the lapping waves of the deep blue Baltic Sea, waiting for the sun to set, was an unforgettable and calming experience.
The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits. I looked into the marble eyes of many Roman gods，and walked down dimly lit staircases to see mummies from Egypt.
Before I unwillingly boarded the train back to the airport, I told myself that I must visit again—to experience the thrills of Tivoli Gardens, try more of the street food and everything else from this amazing city.
（1）Why did the author rent a bike?
A. Because she loved to ride a bike.
B. Because she didn't afford to rent a car.
C. Because she found nowhere to rent other vehicles.
D. Because she wanted to see as many attractions as possible.
（2）What did the author find difficult at the Kastellet Fortress?
A. Finding a sitting place
B. Waiting for the sun to set
C. Listening to the sound of waves
D. Having a photo taken with a statue.
（3）Which of the following didn't the author visit?
A. Rundetaarn
B. Tivoli Gardens
C. Glyptotek art museum
D. Little Mermaid Statue （4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a holiday
B. To introduce a new attraction
C. To share her travel experience
D. To show her love of Copenhagen
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去哥本哈根的穷游经历。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground.”可知作者租一辆自行车是因为她想要看尽可能多的旅游胜地，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around”可知在Kastellet Fortress，作者发现最困难的事情就是和雕塑拍照，故选D。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn,”排除A；根据第四段中的“The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits.”排除C；根据第三段中的“After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue.”排除D，故选B。

(4)考查写作意图。

这篇文章主要介绍了作者去哥本哈根的穷游经历，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是分享自己的旅游经历，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和写作意图两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生准
确捕捉细节信息的同时，需进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we're all going to die one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.
In 1996, I found an advert for the International Poetry Competition. I was 16 years old and ready for my poetry to be released on the world. Not only was it a competition with a cash prize, but it was poetry, which I wrote, and international. This was my ticket to becoming world-famous.
I submitted a poem called Trail of Thought. If you ever wrote bad poetry as a teenager, you'll have written something like it. In the poem, I went for a walk and noticed small poignant(辛酸的) things in nature, and each one reminded me that we were all going to die one day.
I filled out the form, printed off the poem and sent it off, fingers crossed. I waited to hear back I carried on writing, I probably finished another collection. Then I got a letter from the International Society of Poets. I opened the envelope carefully, just in case a prize-winning cheque fell out I hadn't won. But, they liked my poem enough to include it in their anthology(诗选), Awaken to a Dream. I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness. I was going to be a published poet.
All I had to do in order to be published was accept the terms and pay £ 45（plus £ 5 p & p）for an anthology. If I didn't buy a copy of the anthology, my poem wouldn't be included. I had to convince my mum, who thought my writing a meaningless pastime, to part with £ 50. She even asked the question: “Why do you have to pay to be in this book?” Nevertheless, she wrote a cheque for £ 50 and I returned it with my letter of agreement.
I was 16 and about to be a published poet. This was what it had all been about. This is what it had all been leading to. The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anything. It was almost as if, now I was published, it mattered more what I committed to page and I didn't want to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.
The book arrived through the post. Here it was. The first thing I had ever been published in a book called Awaken to a Dream, featuring a blistering take on the mundanity(世俗) of mortality by yours truly. I opened the package to find a book, containing my work. The first thing that struck me about the book was that it was bigger than A4. And it was thick. And on each page was a poem, next to another poem, next to another. The type was small and the paper thin enough to trace with. With three or four poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money.
If each poem had cost the author £ 45, they were sitting on a fortune. I felt ashamed. Everyone who had submitted something to the International Poetry Competition had fallen for the same hustle（忙碌）as me. I couldn't bring myself to show my mum. And she never asked to see it.
Perhaps she thought if the price of me learning a lesson was £50 we didn't really have, then so be it.
But that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them. Or at least that's how, more than 20 years later, I justify falling for a scam. Because your first time being published should be special, and if I don't convince myself that there was a reason for my first poem being in a vanity(无价值) book, then what good was it in the first place? And, strangely, someone is selling this book on Amazon at the moment. I wonder how many other writers who went on to do more stuff are in there.
（1）What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?
A. The author was sure he was going to die like everyone else.
B. The author was optimistic about the publication of his poetry.
C. The author was worried the tragedies in the poetry would happen to him.
D. The author was considering writing positive poems instead of terrible ones.
（2）When the author received the letter from the organizing committee, he felt ________.
A. upset
B. calm
C. excited
D. surprised
（3）While waiting for the anthology, the author ________.
A. reflected on what he had written about
B. set a higher criterion for his future works
C. felt too miserable to write anything more
D. wondered what future was in store for him （4）The author realized the anthology was a trick from the fact that ________.
A. the poems were of poor quality
B. the organizers just made a quick profit
C. he was charged higher than others
D. the content was carelessly edited
（5）The passage is mainly about ________.
A. why the author fell for the trick of a poetry competition
B. what it took for a poetry enthusiast to be a published writer
C. how a terrible teenage poem taught the author a lifelong lesson
D. whether poetry enthusiasts could guard against tricks targeted at them
（6）How did the author feel about the scam at the end of the story?
A. He laughs best who laughs last.
B. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
D. Follow your own course, and let people talk.【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
（5）C
（6）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及带给作者的经验教训。

(1)考查句义猜测。

根据第一段中的“I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.”可知，作者将自己写的一本诗集命名为“The Eternal Optimist”，可以推知，作者写了很多诗集，他对自己的诗集有一天可以被发表持有乐观态度。

故选B。

(2)考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I closed my eyes, I wanted to scream with happiness.”可知，当作者收到组织委员会的信的时候，他高兴地想尖叫，由此可以推知，他非常兴奋，故选C 。

(3)考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“The months waiting for the anthology were a torture. I hit some sort of writer's block, I couldn't write anyth ing… I didn't want to write anything down unless it was good enough to go into an anthology like Awaken to a Dream.”可知，等待诗选的日子对作者来说是一种折磨。

作者遇到了障碍：他什么也写不出来，除非它足够好足以达到进入像诗选“Awaken to a Dream”这样的水平。

由此可以推知，作者对自己的作品提出了更高的标准。

故选B 。

(4)考查细节理解。

根据第六段中的“With three or f our poems per page and more than 700 pages, I had a sinking realization. This was a scam, an illegal trick for making money”可知，当作者看到这本诗选有700多页，每页上有三四首诗的时候，他意识到这是一个骗局，一个赚钱的非法的骗局。

故选B 。

(5)考查主旨大意。

本文讲述了作者第一次发表诗歌上当受骗的经历，以及这次经历带给作者的经验教训。

故选C 。

(6)考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Bu t that stayed with me, that moment of realization. Because I determined to keep writing and ensure that my precious words always found a home worthy of them.”可知，作者意识到受骗之后，他决定要一直写下去，并且要确保自己宝贵的诗句会找到值得它们存在的地方。

由此可知，这次骗局激起了作者更加努力的决心。

故选A fall into the pit, a gai n in your wit.“吃一堑，长一智”。

故选B 。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解 TEACH AND TRAVEL: USE OUR SPONSORSHIP TO BECOME A
CERTIFIED TEACHER IN WEEKS
where the world meets
WHAT'S INCLUDED IN THE SPONSORED ANGLO-TEFL (TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE) SCHOLARSHIP:
●A partly sponsored, 120-hour online TEFL training course ●210 hours of real -life teaching experience ● A TEFL certificate upon completion of the Scholarship HOW IT WORKS:
APPLY
Choose your venues (地点) and apply online REFUNDABLE CONFIRMATION FEE Pay 69 EUR confirmation fee (50 EUR Refundable (可退还的) on Completion)
TEACHING PRACTICE
Get Access to TEFL course & attend Teaching
●Full board durin g Angloville programs (three meals a day)
Practice with Angloville
TYPES OF
'TEACHING EXPERIENCE' PROGRAMMES: Angloville Junior －ideal for 18-35 year-old Anglo-TEFL participants. You will be tutoring teenagers aged 12-18 years old. A lot of games, sports, conversations and fun to be expected! Angloville Adult －ideal for 30+ year-old Anglo-TEFL participants. You will be tutoring adult learners. Most days consist of 1 on 1 conversations with various professionals.
MY COMMITMENTS:
Participants combine several 3-11 day programs into a longer package ranging from 4-8 weeks in total. During each program, participants talk on average for around 10-11 hours a day. The most important difference between Angloville and a traditional English course is that we do not teach through books or theory. We will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations. APPLY IF YOU:
● Are aged 18+ for junior programs and aged 25+ for adult programs
● Are a native English speaker
● Have completed High School
● Have ability to cope with challenges , good communication skills, cultural sensitivity
Open-mindedness is key to being a good participant in Angloville. If you enjoy new cultures, experiences, and people, this will undoubtedly be a wonderful opportunity for you.
（1）What do we know about the Angloville programs?
A. Meals are partly sponsored by the programs.
B. Confirmation fee will be fully refunded later.
C. 1 on 1 talks are arranged for junior participants.
D. Material-stimulated talks make Angloville different.
（2）What is the determining factor to be a good participant in Angloville?
A. Academic achievements.
B. Communication skills.
C. Cultural sensitivity.
D. Open-mindedness.
【答案】（1）D
（2）D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了有关Angloville 项目的相关信息以及申请的条件。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据MY COMMITMENTS 部分中的“The most important difference between Angloville and a traditional English course is that we do not teach through books or theory. We will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations”可知，Angloville 和传统英语课程不同的地方是我们不通过课本和理论进行教学，我们提供材料，唯一目的是刺激不同的交谈。

结合选项可知，故选D 。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Open -mindedness is key to being a good participant in Angloville”可知，成为一个好的参与者的关键因素是思想开放，故选D 。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节
信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Recent summer temperatures in parts of Australia were high enough to melt asphalt. As global warming speeds up the heat and climatic events increase, many plants may be unable to cope. But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to “sweat” when other essential processes stop, a new study finds.
As plants change sunlight into food, or photosynthesize (光合作用), they absorb carbon dioxide through pores on their leaves. These pores also release water via transpiration(蒸腾), which circulates nutrients through the plant and helps cool it by evaporation(蒸发). But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis—and most existing plant models suggest this should also decrease transpiration, leaving trees in danger of fatally overheating. Because it is difficult for scientists to control and vary trees' conditions in their natural environment, little is known about how individual species handle this situation. Ecologist John Drake of the S.U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum (Eucalyptus parramattensis) trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia. Six of the trees were grown at surrounding air temperatures and six at temperatures three degrees Celsius higher. The researchers withheld (扣留) water from the surface soil of all 12 trees for a month to imitate a mild dry spell, then induced a four-day “extreme” heat wave: They raised the maximum temperatures in half of the pods（three with surrounding temperatures and three of the warmer ones）— to 44 degrees ℃. Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers' surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.
The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought (干旱) were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.
Other scientis ts call the finding encouraging. “It's definitely good news,” says Trevor Keenan, an ecologist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. “It would be very interesting to know how this translates to other species,” he adds. Dr ake hopes to conduct similar experiments with trees common in North America.
（1）How does one species of eucalyptus tree cope with extreme heat waves?
A. By releasing water.
B. By blocking sunlight.
C. By absorbing groundwater.
D. By reducing photosynthesis.
（2）What did the researchers do during their study?
A. They grew all the trees in artificial temperatures.
B. They induced a heat wave in a dozen
pods of trees.
C. They created climate-controlled surroundings for trees.
D. They varied trees' conditions in their natural environment.
（3）The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”. A. continued B. substituted C. strengthened D. ceased
（4）What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Photosynthesis is necessary for the trees to sweat.
B. No further experiments will be done other species.
C. Other species will be transplanted to North America.
D. Groundwater helps the trees survive the extreme heat.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，联合国环境科学与林业学院的生态学家John Drake 和他的同事们通过对红桉树做实验，得出结论：在极度的高温中，红桉树仍然可以通过释放水分来抵抗热浪，获得生存。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“But at least one species of eucalyptus tree can resist extreme heat by continuing to 'sweat’”可知，桉树通过“流汗”，即释放水分来抵抗极度的热，故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Ecologist John Drake… and his colleagues grew a dozen Parramatta red gum … trees in large, climate-controlled plastic pods that separated the trees from the surrounding forest for a year in Richmond, Australia.”可知，研究者们将12棵红桉树种植在巨大的，气候受控制的塑料舱里，这种塑料仓将这些树和周围的森林分离开来。

可知，研究者们为这些树创造了一个气候受控制的生长环境，故选C。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。

由第四段后面的内容可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。

结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。

划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减少，降低”这一类的意思cease意为“停止”，故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“The researchers think the Parramatta red gums were able to effectively sweat — even without photosynthesis — because they are particularly good at tapping into water deep in the soil. But if a heat wave and a severe drought （干旱）were to hit at the same time and the groundwater was exhausted, the trees may not be so lucky, Drake says.”可知，这些树擅长吸取地下水，如果热浪干旱同时发生，地下水枯竭的话，那么这些树生存的可能性就比较小了。

由此可以推知，地下水帮助这些树存活下来。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。