英美文学专题期末论文参考文献格式参考
英语学术论文写作参考文献格式
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英文学术论文参考文献格式
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name of author inverted
year of publication in parentheses
title of the article
• Reynolds, Maynard C. (1994). Child disabilities: Who‘s in, who's not. Journal of School Health,
eg. Anthony, R. G., ＆ Smith, N. S. (1977). Ecological relationships between mule deer and white-tailed deer in southeastern Arizona. Ecological Monographs, 47, 255-277.
eg. Harvey, O. L. (1980). The measurement of handwriting considered as a form of expressive movement. Quarterly Review of Biology, 55, 231-249.
2) Up to six authors: use an ＆ preceded by a comma in front
eg. Kaptur, M. (2001). The link between housing and education. Journal of Housing and Community Development, 58(6), 6.
Italicize the name of journal and
✓Capitalize only the first word
英文参考文献格式标准
英文参考文献格式标准引言在学术写作中，引用参考文献是十分重要的。
为了保证准确性和规范性，我们需遵循特定的英文参考文献格式标准。
本文将针对最常用的几种英文参考文献格式进行详细介绍，并提供示例供参考。
APA参考文献格式APA格式（美国心理学协会）是一种广泛使用的英文文献引用格式。
以下是书籍引用和期刊文章引用的APA格式示例：书籍引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. (出版年). 书名（书名首字母大写）. 出版地: 出版者。
示例：Smith, J. D. (2009). Writing and Publishing: A Guidebook. New York, NY: Publishing Company.期刊文章引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. (出版年). 文章标题（首字母大写）. 期刊名, 卷号（期号）, 页码。
示例：Brown, M. L. (2012). The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity. Environmental Science, 14(3), 45-58.MLA参考文献格式MLA格式（现代语言协会）主要应用于人文科学领域。
以下是书籍引用和期刊文章引用的MLA格式示例：书籍引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. 书名（书名首字母大写）. 出版地: 出版者, 出版年。
示例：Smith, John. The Art of Writing. New York, NY: Publishing Company, 2010.期刊文章引用格式：作者姓, 作者名. "文章标题." 期刊名卷号.期号 (年份): 页码范围. 媒介类型。
示例：Brown, Mary. "The Role of Technology in Education." Journalof Educational Technology 24.2 (2014): 50-65. Print.Chicago参考文献格式芝加哥格式是一种常用于人文科学研究的英文参考文献格式。
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分，请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。
建议先做好参考文献格式，再对照格式要求作夹注。
分脚注和夹注两种，。
1）脚注正文内容如有需作出分外说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理，编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”，编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”，脚注会自动泛起在当页正文下。
字体采用默认值（小五号）。
2）夹注对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。
夹注可以采用以下几种形式：作者姓氏未在引文中泛起，则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，空一格字母再标出引文页码。
为避免不必要的麻烦，中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .引用两位作者Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).作者有三个以上，则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略，或列上全部姓氏，夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。
英文参考文献格式举例
英文参考文献格式举例
英文参考文献格式通常会根据不同的学科和出版物而有所差异，但以下是一个常见的英文参考文献格式示例：
[序号] 作者姓氏，作者名字缩写，年份，文章标题，期刊名，卷号，期号，页码。
例如：
1. [1] Smith, , 2008, "The importance of water quality in aquaculture", Journal of Aquaculture, 92, 2, .
2. [2] Johnson, , and Lee, , 2010, "Nutritional requirements of farmed fish", Reviews in Aquaculture, 4, 1, 3-18.
3. [3] Zhang, W., 2012, "The impact of climate change on water resources", Water Resources Management, 26, 7, .
在上面的示例中，"作者姓氏"指的是作者的姓氏，"作者名字缩写"是作者的完整名字的缩写，"年份"是文章发表的年份，"文章标题"是文章的标题，"期
刊名"是期刊的名称，"卷号"是期刊的卷号，"期号"是期刊的期号，"页码"是文章的起始页码。
请注意，这只是一个示例，具体的格式可能会因学科、出版物或学术机构的要求而有所不同。
因此，在撰写英文参考文献时，最好查阅所投期刊或出版物的具体格式要求，以确保正确引用文献。
英语专业毕业论文常见几种参考文献的格式及举例
英语专业毕业论文常见几种参考文献的格式及举例1．期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码.【举例】[1] 周融，任志国，杨尚雷，厉星星.对新形势下毕业设\计管理工作的思考与实践[J].电气电子教学学报，2003(6)：107-109.[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业设计（论文）教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.[3] Heider, E.R.& D.C.Oliver. The structure of color space in naming and memory oftwo languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.2．专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4] 刘国钧，王连成.图书馆史研究[Ｍ].北京：高等教育出版社，1979：15-18，31.[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.3．报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）.【举例】[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7] French, W. Between Silences: A V oice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).4．论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In C.Nelson & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo:Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp.271-313.[10] Almarza, G.G. Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In D.Freeman andJ.C.Richards (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: CambridgeUniversity Press. 1996. pp.50-78.5．学位论文【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.6．研究报告【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-10.7．电子文献【格式】[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名.电子文献出处[电子文献及载体类型标识].或可获得地址，发表或更新日期/引用日期.【举例】[13] 王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展[EB/OL].http: ///pub/wml.txt/980810–2.html, 1998–08–16/1998–10–04.[14] 万锦.中国大学学报论文文摘（1983–1993）.英文版 [DB/CD]. 北京: 中国大百科全书出版社, 1996.松开的记忆，飘落的莫名的尘埃，像起伏的微风，拂过脑海，留下一份情愁。
英语专业论文参考文献的格式要求
广西师范学院师园学院英语专业学生学位论文参考文献的格式要求Format of Notes and Bibliography for Students of English英语专业学生学位论文中的英文参考文献和中文参考文献分别归类排列，英文的排在前面，中文的排在后。
英文的参考文献按作者姓的英文字母顺序排列，无明显作者的英文参考文献（如某些词典、辞书、百科全书）则按照书名的英文字母顺序排列。
中文的参考文献按作者姓的拼音字母顺序排列，无明显作者的中文参考文献按书名拼音字母排序。
（文学方向使用MLA格式，文学之外的所有论文使用APA格式）以下为MLA格式：一些常用的文献类别标号：专著[M]、论文集[C]、期刊文章[J]、字典百科全书[Z]、论文集里的文章[A] 报纸文章[N]。
1.专著类格式：作者.书名（英文的用斜体）[M].出版地: 出版社，出版年: 参考的具体页码。
(1) 独立作者Carroll, D. W. Psychology of Language [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000:30- 40.何兆熊. 新编语用学概要[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社，2000: 56.(2) 同一作者两本以上的参考书（按照书名第一个字母的顺序排列）Hirsch, David. Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know [M]. Boston: Houghton, 1987: 45.Hirsch, David. The Philosophy of Composition[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977: 23.黄国文.语篇分析概要[M].长沙: 湖南教育出版社，1988: 34,56.黄国文.英语语言问题研究[M].广州: 中山大学出版社，1999: 45.(3) 同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书（按照书名第一个字母的顺序排列）Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation[M]. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1988a: 45.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation[M]. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1988b: 4.周兆祥.翻译初阶[M].香港: 商务印书馆，1996a: 2.周兆祥.翻译与人生[M].香港: 商务印书馆，1996b:40.(4) 一本书有两、三位作者Halliday, M. A. K. & R. Hasan. Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective [M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989: 6. （第一个作者姓+名，后面的作者名+姓）Berry, J., J. Foose & T. Jones. Up From the Cradle of Jazz: New Orleans Music Since World WarⅡ[M]. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986: 5.金圣华、黄国彬.因难见巧——名家翻译经验谈[M].香港: 三联书店有限公司，1996: 34.(5) 同一本书由有四位或更多的作者Edens, Walter. et al. Teaching Shakespeare [M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977: 45, 78.张三、李四等.语言杂谈[M].香港：三联书店有限公司，2002: 33.(6) 无作者署名的书Encyclopedia of Photography [Z]. New York: Crown, 1984: 90.现代汉语词典[Z]. 北京: 商务印书馆，1992: 2345.2.文章类格式：著者．题名[J]．期刊名称．出版年，卷号（期号）．文章的起止页码(1)期刊文章Goodman, K.S. Reading: a psycholinguistic guessing gam e [J]. Journal of the Reading Specialists,1967(6):126—135.华惠芳.阅读理解中的知识提取和信息加工[J].外语与外语教学, 2000(1):45-47.(2)论文集的文章Peter V oller. Does the teacher have a role in autonomous language learning? [A]. In Phil Benson & K. Johnson (eds.). Autonomy and Independence in Language Learning[C]. London: Longman, 1997: 101-203.张美芳.关系繁多的综合性学科 [A].梅德明、黄国文主编.语文研究群言集[C].广州: 中山大学出版社, 1997: 32.3.互联网资料格式：作者，文章题目，网上上传时间，网址（加下划线）。
英美文学参考论文
英美文学参考论文英美文学参考论文范文英美文学历史文化底蕴深厚，它是一门语言艺术，既含有对人生体验的文化表征，又富有生命力，充满着人文的精神和审美情趣。
在建构主义的教学观里，知识的获取方式并非依赖老师的教导，而是基于特定的环境，也就是社会文化背景之中，通过外界的协助，用意义构建的手段来学习一些必要的资料。
英美文学参考论文篇1浅谈建构主义下的英美文学教学【摘要】本文首先阐述了建构主义教学观，其次探讨了建构主义视角下的大学英美文学教学策略，最后对全文进行了总结。
基于建构主义理念，大学英美文学教学可以从鼓励自主学习、创设教学情境、重视协作对话等方面，构建动态生成课堂，引导学生自主建构，有效提升。
【关键词】高校英语;英美文学;建构主义;教学策略英美文学是高校英语专业必修课，其教学目的是通过了解和学习英美国家重要作家、代表作品，使得学生了解英美文学发展历程的一门学科，并掌握文学批评的相关知识与方法，培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学作品的能力，以及口头表达、书面写作的能力等。
一、建构主义的教学观阐述在建构主义的教学观里，知识的获取方式并非依赖老师的教导，而是基于特定的环境，也就是社会文化背景之中，通过外界的协助，用意义构建的手段来学习一些必要的资料。
所以，建构主义观将“会话”、“意义建构”、“情境”以及“协作”作为学习背景4个核心因素。
建构主义里更加注重“学”，要尽量带动学生们“学”的主观能动性，使其成为教学主体，也是认知与信息处理以及意义建构的主体。
学习，并非老师对学生简单传播知识，而是学生们利用一些必要的知识资料而建构的过程。
这样的话在教学过程中学生们就不会面临仅仅被动性的接收知识，他们会对外界传来的信息进行处理和筛选，然后基于经验来建构出新的意义。
这也使得学生们意义建构的能力决定了他们知识的获取量。
二、建构主义视角下的英美文学教学策略(一)鼓励自主学习，培养建构能力建构主义的教学观里更加重视将学生看做主体，充分带动他们的主观能动性，尽可能让其自主进行学习并参与教学过程，且能够自主的进行知识意义的新建构。
英语参考文献格式(英文版)
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•
*、作者编者不详的书籍
• • 格式：
书名 (□□版.). (出版年). 出版城市, 州别简称:
出版者.
• •
范例：
Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993)
Springfield, MA:
Merriam Webster.
Beyond redlining: Editing software that works. Poster session
七、电子网路资料
（一）电子期刊： 1. 电子版与纸本版并行之期刊：应注明电子版或 Electronic version 及页码 • 格式： • 作者（出版年）。文章名称﹝电子版﹞。期刊名 称，卷，页码。 • 范例： • 金成隆（2002）。生产科技对财务报表质量影响 之研究﹝电子版﹞。企业管理学报，54， 33-51。 • VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of resources by psychology undergraduates [Electronic version]. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.
• After the author(s) comes the year of publication, in parentheses and followed by a period. • Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle (if any), and any proper names within a title. • The first line of the entry is flush left; hanging indents are applied starting with the second line of each reference with about 4 spaces indented. • APA 格式不采用文献编号的方式排列，
英语论文参考文献怎么写
英语论文参考文献怎么写英语论文参考文献怎么写英语论文参考文献格式要求【1】I.文内引用(一)直接引用1.引用中的省略原始资料的引用：在正文中直接引用时，应给出作者、年份，并用带括号的数字标出页码。
若有任何资料省略，使用英文时，应用3个省略号在句中标出(…)，中文用6个(……);若两句间的资料省略，英文应用4个省略号标出(‥‥)，中文用6个(……)。
若要在直接引用插入自己的解释，应使用方括号[ ]。
若在资料中有什么错误拼写、错误语法或标点错误会使读者糊涂，应在引用后立即插入[sic]，中文用[原文如此]。
下面是一些示例：例一：The DSM IV defines the disorder [dysthymic] as being in a chronically depressed mood that occurs for "most of the day more days than not for at least two years (Criterion A) .... In children, the mood may be irritable rather than depressed, and the required minimum duration is only one year" (APA, 1994, p. 345).例二：Issac (1995) states that bipolar disorder "is not only uncommon but may be the most diagnostic entity in children and adolescents in similar settings .... and may be the most common diagnosis in adolescents who are court-remanded to such settings"(p.275).2.大段落引用当中文引用超过160字时，不使用引号，而使用“块”的形式(引用起于新的一行，首行缩进4个空格，两端对齐，之后每行都缩进)。
2023年最新的英文参考文献格式举例
2023年最新的英文参考文献格式举例英文参考文献格式举例一、参考文献的类型参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： M 专著C 论文集N 报纸文章 J 期刊文章D 学位论文R 报告对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母 Z 标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：①作者姓名采用姓在前名在后原则，具体格式是：姓，名字的首字母.如：MalcolmRichardCowley应为：Cowley,M.R.，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：FrankNorris与IrvingGordon应为：Norris,F. I.Gordon.;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例1.期刊类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.【举例】[1]王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2023,21(1)：56-58.[2]夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2023(1):46-52.[3]Heider,E.R. D.C.Oliver.The structure of color spaceinnaming and memory of two languages[J].Foreign Language Teaching andResearch,1999,(3):62 67.2.专著类【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.【举例】[4]葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2023：42.[5]Gill,R.Mastering EnglishLiterature[M].London:Macmillan,1985:42-45.3.报纸类【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).【举例】[6]李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N].光明日报，1998-12-27(3).[7]French,W.Between Silences:AVoicefrom China[N].Atlantic Weekly,198715(33).4.论文集【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.【举例】[8]伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C].上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.[9]Spivak,G. Canthe Subaltern Speak [A].InC.NelsonL.Grossberg(eds.).Victoryin Limbo:Imigism[C].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1988,pp.271-313.。
英美文学的论文参考
英美文学的论文参考关于英美文学的论文参考范文英美文学经典作品是英语语言学习中的一个非常重要的组成部分,一个良好的英语语言水平离不开英美文学作品阅读的训练。
文学是语言的艺术，学生通过阅读文学作品，受大师们语言艺术的熏陶，进行自我创作，把自己的个性特点发挥至极。
关于英美文学的论文参考篇1浅析高校英美文学课程的开展随着我国教育体制改革的不断深入，在高校教育中更侧重于学生综合素质的培养。
近年来我国高校在课程设置上文学课程的比例不断增大，这对于学生自身修养及关注人文、热爱生活都具有极为重要的意义。
高校英语专业对于学生英美文学的学习也较为重视，开设了英美文学课程，学生通过英美文学课程可能更好地对英美国家的文化和人民生活的各个方面进行了解，从而为自己学习英语打下良好的基础。
另外高校学生通过英美文学课程的学习，可以在阅读经典文本的过程中学到地道的英语表达方式，对自身所养的不良英语使用习惯进行纠正。
一、高校英语教学中英美文学课程的教学现状英美文学课程的设置为高校开展英语教学中的重要环节，通过对英美文学的学习，可以增加学生对英语国家历史背景的了解，从风土人情、历史文化到政治经济，从而为学习英语创造良好的语言氛围。
但是在实际开展的过程中，却没有想象中的美好，英美文学课程的设置也没有完全发挥出应有的作用，失去了开设英美文学课程的真正意义。
究其原因，主要是因为教学模式不够完善，教师没有进行正确的引导，教学方式比较古板，因循守旧，毫无创新，无法激发学生的学习兴趣，所以导致英语教学水平不高。
在僵硬的教学模式下，有些学生认为以后不会从事英美文学的研究工作，所以对英美文学的学习自然不感兴趣，只是单纯地挑选自己认为有用的课程来学。
而部分为了以后的学业考虑的学生，也是为了应付考试而学习英美文学，但是由于学习的出发点以及教师授课方式限制，在英美文学学习的过程中，都是以应付考试的方式来学习，主要是对作家作品的死记硬背，而没有真正地了解英美文学的内涵。
英语学术论文写作参考文献格式
ex. Clark, C., et al. “The Relationship between Executive Functional Abilities, Adaptive Behavior, and Academic Achievement in Children with Externalizing Behavior Problems.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 43.6 (2002): 785-96.
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Format for
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----periodicals
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"Work Cited"\ “References"
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\ "Bibliography"
Format for "Work Cited"(MLA)
General order: Name of author(.)+ "title of article(.)”+ name of periodical+ volume number(.)issue number +date of publication or work(.)+city of publication(:)+year of publication(.)
英文参考文献的标准格式
英文参考文献的标准格式
英文参考文献的标准格式通常包括以下部分：
1. 序号：在文中引用的文献按照出现的顺序进行编号。
序号一般用方括号括起来，写在引文内容的右上角。
2. 主要责任者：引用的文献的主要作者或者主编的名字。
如果文献在引文中有明确的作者标注，则直接写上作者的名字即可。
如果文献在引文中的作者标注省略了，则需要补充作者的全名。
3. 文献题名：引用的文献的题目或者标题。
如果文献在引文中有明确的题目标注，则直接写上题目即可。
如果文献在引文中的题目标注省略了，则需要补充完整的题目。
4. 文献类型标识：标识所引用文献的类型。
常见的文献类型标识包括：书籍（Book）、论文（Article）、报告（Report）、专利（Patent）等。
5. 出版地：引用的文献的出版地或者发布地。
6. 出版社：引用的文献的出版社或者发布机构。
7. 出版年：引用的文献的出版日期或者发布日期。
8. 起止页码：引用的文献在原文献中的起始页码和结束页码。
如果只引用文献的一部分，需要注明起止页码。
在写英文参考文献时，还需要注意以下几点：
1. 参考文献的格式要统一，每个文献的格式要相同，包括序号、主要责任者、文献题名、文献类型标识、出版地、出版社、出版年、起止页码等部分的格式都要保持一致。
2. 参考文献的书写顺序要按照文中引用的顺序进行排列，不能随意调换顺序。
3. 参考文献中的缩写和符号要符合规范，不能随意使用。
英语论文参考文献格式
英语论文参考文献格式用timesnewroman。
每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行，从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。
参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入，标点符号后空一格。
参考文献条目排序顺序：英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。
分别按作者姓氏氏字母顺序排列。
文献前不用序号。
1）英文参考文献（1）专著与编著排序顺序为：作者姓氏、名、专知名、出版发行地、出版社、出版发行年。
brinkleyork:knopf,1993.专知名中如果还涵盖其他著作或作品名，后者用斜体。
dunn,richardjed.charlottebrontë:janeeyrenewyork:norton,1971.a．两个至三个作者第一作者的姓在前，名在后，中间用逗号隔开；其余作者名在前，姓在后，中间并无逗号；每个作者之间用逗号分隔，最后一个作者的姓名时用“and”，后用句号。
b.三个以上作者第一作者姓名（姓氏在前，名在后，中间提逗号）后直奔“etal.”，其他作者姓氏universityofhawaiipress,1997.c.同一作者同一年出版发行的相同文献，参考下基准：widdowson,henryg1998a.widdowson,henryg.cambridge:cambridgeuniversitypress,1998b.thompson,pett.“modalverbsinacademicwriting”.inbenkettlemann&york:rodopi,2002:305-323.（3）百科全书等参考文献fagan,jeffrey.“gangsanddrugs”.ork:macmillan,2001.（4）学术期刊论文murphy,karen.“meaningfulconnections:usingtechnologyinprimaryclassrooms”.（5）网络文献----“everythingyoueverwantedtoknowabouturl”.2）中文参考文献皮亚杰．结构主义[m]．北京：商务印书馆，1984．（2）期刊文章杨忠，张韶杰．认知语音学中的类典型论[j]．外语教学与研究，1999， (2)：1-3．（3）学位论文梁佳．大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[d]．湖南小学，2002．许小纯．含义和话语结构[a]．李红儒．外国语言与文学研究[c]．哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1999：5-7．。
英国文学选读论文格式及要求
件：封面样式（空两行）《英美文学选读》课程论文论文题目（宋体小二）（副标题宋体四号）姓名：班级：学号：（以上四项用宋体四号字）年月日（黑体3号字）《英国文学选读》学期论文指导写作一、学期论文的要求：期末考试时上交, 《英国文学选读》相关作品, 按正规论文格式, A4打印稿。
1200 words, 包括：题目，中英文摘要, 关键词, 正文分论述层次，参考文献。
谢绝抄袭和剽窃！二、论文的考察目的通过论文的写作，考查学生分析问题和运用基本理论解决问题的能力，同时引起学生对该门课程前沿理论和热点问题的关注，提高阅读和分析英国文学作品的能力，锻炼学生的写作能力，提高学生的理论素养和水平。
三、论文的选题论文题目的选定必须注意四个准则：必须对此课题有浓厚的学术兴趣，在力所能及的范围内有充分的参考资料可供使用，应有能力收集、组织和利用这些材料，能够应用科研的方法实施研究计划。
四者缺一不可，否则就有半途而废的可能。
通过对课程的学习，除对本课程知识有了整体的把握以外，对课程的某些问题会产生深入探究的兴趣，这就是研究性学习的基础。
论文题目的确定应该是在围绕自己感兴趣的问题进行深入阅读的过程中产生的。
在学术工作中，论文的题目就是研究的课题或课题研究的一部分。
课题的选择除了客观因素外，与一个研究人员的业务素质和认识能力有很大的关系。
著名科学家贝尔纳说过：“课题的形成和选择，无论是作为外部的技术经济要求，抑或作为科学本身的要求，都是科研工作中最复杂的一个阶段。
一般来说提出课题比解决课题更困难。
”选题，也就是发现问题。
因此，人们常说，确定了研究课题，等于研究工作完成了一半，这就是在强调选题定题的重要性。
每一个学科都有自己的基础理论、历史发展和方法技术，也都有基础研究、应用研究和开发研究。
每个方面，只要钻进去，都有许多课题可以探讨与研究。
一个课题解决了，又会出现新的课题，科学是无止境的。
随着科学研究的深入，科研工作的分工越来越细，每一个人如果能够在专业领域内某一问题上有所发现，有所突破，就是非常可喜的了，不可能什么都明白。
英文论文的参考文献格式
英文论文的参考文献格式英文论文的参考文献格式很多刊物对参考文献和注释作出区分，将注释规定为“对正文中某一内容作进一步解释或补充说明的文字”，列于文末并与参考文献分列或置于当页脚地。
下面，小编为大家分享英文论文的参考文献格式，希望对大家有所帮助！英文论文的参考文献格式一：[1] T. Paulay and J. R. Binney. Diagonally Reinforced coupling beams of shear Walls[S].ACI Special Publication 42, Detroit, 1974, 2: 579-598[2] Lam WY, Su R K L, Pam H J. Experimental study of plate-reinforced composite deep coupling beams[J]. Structural Design Tall Special Building, 2009（18）： 235-257[3] ACI 318-02: Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete, ACI318R-02:Commentary, An ACI Standard, reported by ACI Com-mittee318, American Concete Institute, 2002[4] Siu W H, Su R K L. Effects of plastic hinges on partial interaction behaviour of bolted side-plated beams[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2010, 66（5）：622-633[5] Xie Q. State of the art of buckling-restrained braces inAsia[J]. Journal of Construction Steel Research, 2005, 61（6）：727-748[6] Kim J,Chou H. Behavior and design of structures with buckling-restrained braces[J].Structural Engineering, 2004,26（6）：693-706[7] Tsai K C, Lai J W. A study of buckling restrained seismic braced frame[J].Structural Engineering, Chinese Society of Structural Engineering, 2002, 17（2）：3-32[8] Patrick J. Fortney, Bahrem M. Shahrooz, Gian A. Rassati.Large-Scale Testing of a Replaceable “Fuse” Steel Coupling Beam[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering.DECEMBER 2007:1801-1807[9] Qihong Zhao. Cyclic Behavior of traditional and Innovative Composite Shear Walls[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, Feb. 2004:271-284英文论文的参考文献格式二：[1] Zhixin W, Chuanwen J, Qian A, et al. The key technology of offshore wind farm and its new development in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, 13（1）：216-222.[2] Shahir H, Pak A. Estimating liquefaction-induced settlement of shallow foundations by numerical approach[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2010, 37（3）： 267-279.[3] Hausler EA. Influence of ground improvement on settlement and liquefaction:a study based on field case history evidence and dynamic geotechnicalcentrifuge tests. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley; 2002.[4] Kemal Hac efendio lu. Stochastic seismic response analysis of offshore wind turbine including fluid‐structure‐soil interaction[J]. Struct. Design Tall Spec. Build.,2010,[5] Arablouei A, Gharabaghi A R M, Ghalandarzadeh A, et al. Effects of seawater–structure–soil interaction on seismic performance of caisson-type quay wall[J]. Computers &Structures, 2011, 89（23）： 2439-2459.[6] Zafeirakos A, Gerolymos N. On the seismic response of under-designed caisson foundations[J]. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2013: 1-36.[7] Snyder B, Kaiser M J. Ecological and economic cost-benefit analysis of offshore wind energy[J]. Renewable Energy,2009, 34（6）： 1567-1578.[8] Ding H, Qi L, Du X. Estimating soil liquefaction in ice-induced vibration of bucket foundation[J]. Journal of cold regions engineering, 2003, 17（2）： 60-67.[9] Shooshpasha I, Bagheri M. The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2012: 1-7.[10] Bhattacharya S, Adhikari S. Experimental validation of soil–structure interaction of offshore wind turbines[J]. Soil dynamics and earthquake engineering, 2011, 31（5）： 805-816.[11] H. Bolton Seed, Izzat M. Idriss. Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquafaction potential. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division. 1971,97（9）： 1249-1273[12] W. D. Liam Finn, Geoffrey R.Martin, Kwok W.Lee. An effective stress model for liquefaction. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 1977, 103（6）：517-533[13] Seed.H.B.Soil liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Evolution for Level Ground During Earthquakes, J of the Geotechnical Engineering Division ASCE , 1979,[14] Casagrande.A,Liquefaction and Cyclic Deformation of Sands-A Critical Review,Proceedings of the Fifth Pan American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Buenos Aires,Argentina,1975.。
英美文学选读期末英语论文格式要求及范本 (1)
英美文学选读期末英语论文格式要求及范本 (1)A Tentative Study of Female’s Psychological Factors in Sino-American Business Negotiation福建师范大学协和学院外语系英语专业12402200500××××[Abstract] Negotiation is a common and necessary process in concluding an international transaction. With an increasing number of females participating in Sino-American business negotiation, they have found that they are always in an awkward position. Owing to the gender discrimination and their psychological factors, the public tend to put down to the female negotiators the barriers and failure that they have met in negotiating terms. Hence, this thesis is to analyze Sino-American cultural differences on the impact of women negotiators and to probe into their psychological performance in negotiations. By means of the above-mentioned research, suggestions will beoffered to the female negotiators. Meanwhile, this thesis aims to change people’s traditional perspective upon female and reach a comparative balance to estimate female’s psychological influence.[Key Words] female; psychology; Sino-America; business negotiation1. IntroductionThe 20th century nurtures unprecedented change in business world. While an increasing number of females enter into this field, they obtain more opportunity to express themselves creatively at the negotiation table as well as men. However, it cannot be neglected that discrimination and prejudice against females still exists in man-dominated world. What’s worse, female negotiators’certain psychology leading to the failure of the negotiations makes people doubt their competencies. Therefore, females’status in business world has remained a controversial issue. Besides, this thesis focuses on analyzing the different cultures between Sino-America with the impact their female negotiators. Moreover, this thesis also consists of the following aspects: the first part presents a general perspective upon females. The second part analyzes their performances and psychology as business negotiators. The last part provides females with some suggestions when they engage in negotiation. As the traditional idea about women’s “place”is so deeply rooted in people’s mind, it’s necessary to judge female negotiators more objectively.2. Traditional perspective upon females across the worldUrging of the Feminism and the Liberation Movement involves women in winning their equal rights in politics, economic and education, etc. However, although women have entered male-dominated professions in greater numbers in the past decades than at any previous time, “women remain underrepresented in the highest levels of their professions”(Brannon, 2005:338). Females can never get rid of the label of “the weaker sex”because this traditional point has rooted into the public’s mind.2.1 Acceptance2.2 Discrimination in terms3. Culture and psychology of Sino-American female negotiators4. ConclusionReferencesBeamer, Linda & Iris Varner. 2003.Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace. Beijing: Qinghua University Press.Fisher, Roger & Daniel Shapiro. 2005. Beyond Reason: Using Emotions as You Negotiate. New York: Viking Adultv.Henry, Amy. 2006. What it takes.Peking: Xinhua Press.Kocacenk, Serap, 2008. Gender Roles in Negotiation.Thesis for th e Master’s Degree in Business Administration, Spring 2008, University of Kristianstad.Samovar, Larry A. & Richard E. Porter. Communication between Cultures.Beijing: Peking University Press.Anonymity. 2008. Billions of Consumers. Retrieved 19, 2008, from/content/080925/10/74126_ 1674256.htmlCurry, Jeffrey Qedmund，2000，《国际商务简明教程系列—国际商务谈判》。
英文参考文献格式标准
英文参考文献格式标准在学术研究中，参考文献是非常重要的一部分，它能够提供对相关研究和观点的支持和证据。
为了规范参考文献的书写方式，国际上已经制定了一套标准的英文参考文献格式。
本文将介绍这些标准的英文参考文献格式，并提供一些示例，以便读者能够正确地引用和书写参考文献。
1. 期刊文章[1] 作者. 文章题目. 期刊名, 年份, 卷号(期号):页码.范例：[1] Smith J. The effects of climate change on biodiversity. Journal of Ecology, 2010, 38(2): 245-256.2. 书籍[2] 作者. 书名. 版本. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年份, 页码.范例：[2] Johnson L. Environmental Science. 3rd ed. London: Pearson Education, 2009, pp. 45-57.3. 会议论文[3] 作者. 论文题目. 会议名, 会议地, 会议日期.范例：[3] Anderson C. Renewable energy sources. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Development, Tokyo, Japan, June 2018.4. 学位论文[4] 作者. 论文题目. 学位类型, 学位授予单位, 授予年份.范例：[4] Wang L. The impact of social media on consumer behavior. PhD thesis, University of California, 2015.5. 报纸文章[5] 作者. 文章题目. 报纸名, 出版日期, 版次.范例：[5] Brown M. New scientific discovery challenges previous theories. The Guardian, 2nd February 2021, p. 7.6. 网络资源[6] 作者. 网页标题. 在线来源, 出版日期或访问日期. 网址.范例：[6] World Health Organization. COVID-19: Key Facts. Online, accessed on 15th March 2021. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019需要注意的是，以上范例仅供参考，实际引用时需要根据具体情况进行相应的修改和调整。
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