《计算机专业英语》考试题A

Test of Special English for Computer Science《计算机专业英语》考试题A一、写出下列计算机专有名词的中文名. (20%)CPU: RAM:DNS: USBLAN: SMTP:URL: WAN:FTP: HTTP:二、阅读理解.（50%）1 本题20分, 阅读下面的短文,回答下列问题.[1] High-level languages (HLL) allow programmers to express algorithms more concisely, take care of much of detail, and often support naturally the use of the structured programming or objected-oriented design.[2] Alas, this solution gave rise of a problem, known as the semantic gap, the difference between the operations provided in HLLs and those provided in computer architecture. Symptoms of this gap are alleged to include exection inefficiency, excessive machine program size, and compiler complexity. Designers of traditional CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) machines responded with architectures intended to close this gap. Key features include large instruction sets, dozens of addressing modes, and various HLL statements implemented in hardware.Please answer the following questions (1) – (3) in English:(1)Which functions are there for HLL in the computer according to paragraph[1]?(5分)(2)What is the meaning of “the semantic gap”in the paragraph [2] ? (7分)(3)Please explain which important features there are in CISC machine in orderto reduce this gap? (8分)2 本题10分, 阅读下面的短文,回答下列问题.[3]A major challenge is hence the harmonization of parallel machine architectures, compilers, and the programming languages, with the goal of allowing programs to be written in high-level, problem-oriented languages, while developing compilers that translate the programs into efficient target code for a wide variety of parallel architectures. Success will be measured by how well real, machine-independent application programs will execute on real, parallel computers. Since highly parallel machines with thousands and tens of processors are already being manufactured and used commercially, this challenge requires a solution urgently.Please answer the following questions (4) – (5) in English:(4)Please explain what is the the goal is in paragraph [3]? (5分)(5)Please explain what the urgent solution needed by the challenge is inparagraph [3]. (5分)3. 本题20分, 阅读下面的短文,回答下列问题.[4]Many embedded system s require predictable and bounded responses to real-world events. Such “real-time”systems include factory automation, data acquisition and control systems, audio/video applications, and many other computerized products and devices. What’s a “real-time system”? The commonly accepted definition of “real-time”performance is that real-world events must be responded to within a defined, predicable, and relatively short time interval.[5]Although Linux is not a real-time operating system (the Linux kernel does not provide the required event prioritization and preemption functions), there are currently several add-on options available that can bring real-time capabilities to Linux-based systems.The most common method is the dual-kernel approach. Using this approach, a general purpose (non-real-time) OS runs as a task under a real-time kernel. The general purpose OS provides functions such as disk read/write. LAN/communications, serial/parallel I/O, system initialization, memory management, etc., while the real-time kernel handles real-world event processing. Y ou might think of this as a “have your cake and eat it too”strategy, because it can preserve the benefits of a popular general purpose OS, while adding the capabilities of a real-time OS.Please answer the following questions (6) – (8) in English:(6)Is embedded system“real-time” system according to paragraph [4]? (5分)(7) Is Linux “real-time”OS?And how does Linux provide “real-time”capabilities? (8分)(8) Which functions are there in the general purpose OS? (7分)三、把下面的短文译为中文.（30%）1. 把下面这段[6]英文翻译成中文. (15分)[6]Polymorphism gives objects the ability to respond to messages from routines when the object’s exact type is not known. In C++ this ability is a result of late binding. With late binding, the addresses are determined dynamically at run time, rather than statically at compile time, as in traditional compiler languages. This static (fixed) method is often called early binding. Function names are replaced with memory addresses. Y ou accomplish late binding by using virtual functions. Virtual functions are defined in the parent class when subsequent derived classes will overload the function by redefining the function’s implementation. When you use virtual functions, messages are passed as a pointer that points to the object instead of directly to the object.2. 把下面这段[7]英文翻译成中文. (15分)[7] A long term goal could be to develop interactive program transformation systems that assist programmers in parallelizing programs and provide feedback and guidance. The problem with this idea is that the approach of semiautomatic program transformations is still an object of active research, even for sequential programs. In the medium term, a production-quality transformer for deriving realistic, parallel programs is unlikely to appear. The traditional method of teaching algorithms and formulating them in programming languages with explicit parallelism is likely to be more successful, especially since the body of known parallel algorithm is large and growing rapidly. Initial indications seem to be that writing parallel software is not significantly harder than writing sequential software, provided the languages and support tools are adequate.。