最新英美概况专八复习1

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英美概况专八复习1

美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States arein____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。

英语专业八级人文知识

第一章美国概况1.概述American Anthem (国歌)：The star-spangled banner星光灿烂的旗帜American Flag（国旗）: 星条旗美国地理著名山脉河流The Appalachian Mountains (阿巴拉契亚山脉)The Great Centeral plain(中部大平原)：落基山和阿巴拉契亚山脉之间的平原。

The Rocky Mountains(洛基山脉)：“the backbone of the continent”, 6,187 meter high, in the middle of the Alaska.其被称为北美大陆的脊梁，大陆分水岭。

The Cordillera Range (西部科迪勒拉山区)：洛基山脉等。

The Mississippi River (密西西比河)：美国最长、最重要的河流。

世界上第三长的大陆河流（第一长：非洲尼罗河；第二长：南美洲的亚马逊河。

）Missouri river是其最长的分支。

其被称作：“Father of Waters”“Old Man River)五大湖：从西到东：都位于美国东北部。

其是世界上最大的淡水湖群，有“美洲大陆地中海”之称。

Lake Superior(苏必利尔湖，为世界最大淡水湖)，Lake Michigan(密执安胡，五大湖中唯一完全位于美国境内)，Lake Huron(休伦湖)，Lake Erie (伊利湖)，Lake Ontario（安大略湖）The Niagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)：在伊利湖和安大略湖之间。

Yellowstone National Park(黄石国家公园)Statue of Liberty (自由女神像)位于纽约湾美国主要行政区和它们的首府和主要城市：地区概述：“美国”的表达有五种：The United States of American/ American /The states/the U.S.A./Uncle Sam美国全国分为50个州和一个特区（哥伦比亚特区，即首都华盛顿所在地）本土有48个州，另外的两个海外州是：阿拉斯加（首府：Juneau朱诺）和夏威夷（Hawaii，主产：甘蔗和菠萝，最重要产业：旅游业，首府：Honolulu火奴鲁鲁。

英美概况-复习资料

word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载Test 1A. EdwardB. AlfredC. CanuteD. Harold I 2.TheEnglish Reformation began with _B_A. Henry VIIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary TudorD. Edward VI3.In the reform of the Church, Henry VIII dissolved all of England's monasteries and nunneries beca were much more loyal to _A_ than to their English kings.A. the PopeB. Jesus ChrCi.s oman CatholicD. the bishops4.For nearly thirty years, Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other the two great Catho the time, B_ , and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict.A. Spain and GermanyB. France and SpaiCn. Spain and Denmark D. France and Italy 5.In theIndustrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in _B_A. hardwareB. textilesC. po .te emicals6.About a hundred years ago, as a result of its imperialist expansion, Britain ruled an empire that h of the world's people and __C__ of the world's land area.A. halfB. one thir. one fourt . one fifth7. At the general election of 1945 Winston Churchill was heavily defeated, because _D_A. he was old-fashionedB. people did not support his postwar policiesC. he was not qualified as a prime minister in a peaceful ageD. people wanted to forget about the war8. In January, _A_ Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community.A. 1973B.1979C. 1967 .9579. In Britain the order of succession to the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _D_A. all members of the royal faBm.il he House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth10.c_ is responsible for the security, accommodation and services in the House of Lords' part of th Westminster.A. The Lord ChancellorB. The SpeakerC. The Gentleman Usher of the Black RDo.d The Clerk of the parliaments 11.Theultimate authority for law-making resides in _a_.A. the House of CommonsB. the QueenC. the CabinetD. the House of Lords 12._A_only has men priests at present.A. The Church in Wale. The Church of EnglanCd. The Free Church D. The Church of Scotland 13.Theimportant patriotic festival in Britain is _CA. St.Georges DayB. St.Patrick's DCa.y Armistice DayD. Boxing Day14.Higher education in Britain is generally supported by _A_A. public fundBs. students themselvCe.s businessD. private sources15.The basic ethnic stock of Ireland is _D.A. NorseB. EnglishC. NormanD. Celtic16.Irish is a _B_ language.A. Anglo-SaxonB. CelticC. LatinD. Greek17.The arrival of _c in AD432 was the most important event in Irish history .A. E.ChildersB. Palladiu . St. PatrickD. Eamon deValera18.In American history, the largest immigration movement did not take place until _A_ A. 1815B.1900C.1917D.1945word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载19. Most Americans lived in _A_A. city areasB. countrysideC. mountain areasD. river valleys20.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the _A_A. blacksB. HispanicsC. Asian-AmericansD. White ethnics21.The Pilgrim buialtcolony named _C_ after they arrived in America.A. JamestownB. BostonC. PlymouthD. Yorktown22.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental CongreDs_s. on July 4A. 1773B. 1774C.1775D. 177623.The American Constitutional system was went up to in _D_A. 1776B. 1781C.1787D.179124.Pushed by theProgressiv ovement, Presiden heodore Roosevelt(1901-1909)and Woodrow Wilson(1913-1921) initiated changes from the 19th century tradition of _B_.A. monopolyB. laissez faiCr.e government regulati market controlA. economyB. politic . societyD. democracy26.The Truman Doctrine was directed against _B_A. Nazi fascismB. CommunismC. Japan27.Kennedy proposed the program of _C_.A. New FreedomB. New DealC. New FrontierD. War on Poverty28.The United States has a free-market economy with a dominant _C_ sector.A. state-ownedB. collectCi.veprivateD. corporate29.Among the following, _A is not an automobile giant.A. the International Business Mac.in neral MotorsC. Ford D. Chrysler30. The New Right did not opposed _D_A. abortionB. affirmative actiCo.n tax risinDg. education31.A conference was held in Philadelphia in May ,1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation. All of except _A_ were represented at the Constitutional Convention.A. Rhode IslandB. MaineC. GeorgiaD. Hawaii32.The president cannot vote a law if Congress passes it by a _c vote at the second time. A. one-thirdB.halfC. two-third . three-fourths33.The president of the United States is the head of the _B_ branch.A. legislativeB. executiveC. judicialD. party34.Elementary and secondary education in the United States covers _C_ years.A.10B.11C.12D.1335.The community college made its appearance in the early _C_A. 1700sB.1800sC. 1900sD.1990s36. About _C_ American adults participate in an organized learning group each year.A. a halfB. one in thre . one in fourD. one in five37. In the early part of the 19th century, ___d___ was the center of American writing.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. ChicagoD. New York38. Theodore Dreiser was the representa _.ofA. KnickerbockersB. TranscendentalistsC. Lost GenerationD. Naturalists.39.Canada covers about _A_ of the North American continent.A. 2/5B.1/5C.1/2D.3/440.A major part of the Canadian population lives along the _B_ border.A. northernB. southernC. westernD. easternA. St. Patrick word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载41.The United Canada was, at confederation, divided into Ontario and _C_A. New BrunswickB. AlbertaC. QuebecD. Manitoba42.In Canadian history, _D_ created a federal union in 1867.A. The Quebec ActB. The Act of Unio . The Statue of Westminst r. the British North America Act43. The land of Australia is rather flat and more than 50% of the land is under 300m _c_ sea level.A. belowB. on C .above D. near44. The most pleasant part of Australia where the climate is cool and wet is its _A_A. south - east coastlBa.ndcentral eastern lowlaCn.dswestern plateaDu. Victorian Highlands45. The State of _B_ is regarded as the cultural and sports center of Australia.A. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. South Australia46. New South Wales is located _B_ Australia.A. to the southwest towardsB. in the soutCh.eaisnt tohfe southeastD.toat the southeast in47. Over _C_ of the land in New Zealand is more than _ meters above sea level. A.1;2, 100B.3;4,400C.3;4,200D.2;5,30048. The red _B_ is called New Zealand Christmas tree because it flowers in December.A. rataB. PohutukawaC. kowhaiD. totara49. The bird calledisD a national symbol of New Zealand.A. wekaB.pukekoC. bellbirdD.kiwi50.C_is now one of the two official languages of Aotearoa in New Zealand.A. FrenchB. HollandC. MaoriD. PolynesiaTest 21. The Celts' religion was _D_A. ChristianityB. Norman beliefC. Roman Catholic2._B_ was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was remarkably successful in converting the British k the nobility to Christianity.B. S ．t AugustineC. St. PalladiusD. Bthelbert3. William replaced the Witan, the council of the Anglo-Saxon Kings, with _A_A. the Grand CouncilB. the House of LordsC. the House of CommonsD. ParliamentA. political; militaryB. political; economicC. territorial; religiousD. territorial; economic5. Thanks to Mary, Protestantism and _D_ were now forever synonymous in Britain. _dA. CatholicismB. prosecutionC. the ReformationA. reformB. evolutionC. revolutionD. reformation 7. The Chartis ovement was officiallyaunchedat a greatBirmingham meetingin _b, with the aim ofpressing the Parliament to accept the People's Charcter.A. 1836B.1838C.1840D.18428. The United Kingdom is a _A State.A. unitaryB. federalC. republicD. feudal9. The _B_ Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. A. Canadian B. BritishC. Australian D. IrishD. nationalism 6. The agricultural changes in the late 18th and early 19th centuries in England were so great tha D. Druidismword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载10. The Houses of Parliament in U.K. were rebuilt between 1835afatnedr 1h8a5v7ing been destroyed by _c_.A. warB. an earthquakeC. fireD. an explosion11. In Britain, the members of the House of Commons are elected for a maximum of _C_A. fourB. threeC. fiveD. six12. Greater London is divided into _b_A. 32 boroughsB.32 boroughsand theCityof LondonC. 53 boroughsD.53 boroughsand theCityof London13. Established Churches in Britain are _D_A. Church of England and Church of Wale . Church in Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland14. The seventh Sunday after Easter is _C_A. Good FridayB. Easter SundayC. Whit SundayD. not a festival15. In Britain, medical and veterinary courses normally require _C_ years.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. eight16._D_ have been a traditional source of conflict between the English and Irish.A. Political Persecut.onEconomic interestC. Ethnic discriminat o.nReligious differences 17.The firstblacks were brought to North America as slaves in _b_A. 1519B. 1619C. 1719D.181918. The victory at _A_ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown19. In American history, the Americans went to war against the British _B_A. only onceB. on two occasion . for three timDe.s for four times20. The Compromise of 1850 allowed __d__ to be accepted as a free state.A. New MexicoB. UtahC. PennsylvaniaD. California21.Lincoln’Esmancipa tionProclamationand theThirteent mendment to theConstitutiofnormallyended _C_A. the immigration movementB. the CivilC.Watrhe slave systemD. the industrialization22. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the _C_ states broke away and found the Confederate S of America.A. northernB. westernC. southernD. eastern23. Versailles Treaty System was the result of Paris Conference in _B_A. AsiaB. EuropeC. North AmericaD. Africa24. The Second World War finally ended in _A_A.1945B. 1946C.1947D.194925. The Standard Oil Company was founded by _CA. MorganB. FordC. RockefellerD. Dupent26. The longest war that the United States has fought is _C_A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War27. Under the pressure of the Anti-war Movement _C_ decided not to run for the presidency for a secondA. TrumanB. NixonC. JohnsonD. Kennedy28._D_ was meant to guarantee the blacks and others the right to vote.A. Emancipation Proclamation in 1863B. the Civil Rights Act of 1964C. the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution in 1865D. the Voting Rights Act of 196529. The United States is by far the a_ industrial country in the world.A. biggestB. second biggestC. third biggestD. fourth biggestword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载30The American economy is characterized by a high degree of _d_A. government regulationB. individual ownershiCp. corruption D. monopoly 31.Thesafeguards against misuse of the powers come in the form of _A_A. separation of powerBs. executive orderCs. presidential electDi.onpsarty political 32.TheAmerican Constitution is the _A_ written Constitution in the world.A. oldestB. longestC. youngestD. shortest33.The Constitution allows the President to give __B_ and pardons in federal criminal cases.A. absolutionsB. reprievesC. testimoniesD. amnesties34._B_ must first come from the House of Representatives.A. Appointments of high offici .lsRevenue billCs. Military bilDl.sBanking bills 35.Higher educationin the United States began with the founding of __A_ in 1636.A. Harvard CollegeB. YaleC. MITD. Princeton36. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _D_A. teachingB. researchC. public serviceD. individual service37. In America, junior colleges include the following college except _B_ one.A. juniorB. BibleC. communityD. technical38. At the master's level the program is primarily _B_ oriented , an extension of undergraduate studyA. researchB. courseC. vocationD. doctoral39. The first American writings were written by those first settlers in _A_ colonies.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Dutch40. Mark Twain's masterwork was _B_A. The Sketch BookB. The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnC. NatureD. Laves of Grass41. The biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States is _D_A. New Year's DayB. Independence DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Christmas Day42. The two principal river systems in Canada are the Mackenzie and _B_A. the Great lakeB. the St. Lawrenc. the Hudson RiverD. the Saskatchewan River 43._B_ isthe Canadian section of the Great Plains of North America.A. Atlantic Provinc s. The Prairie ProvincesCs. The Canadian Shiel . British Columbiaroots of French Canada.A. Hudson BayB. OttawaC. Quebec CityD. Montreal45. Canada, Confederation, was made up of four provinces, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and _D_A. NewfoundlandB. ManitobaC. AlbertaD. New Brunswick46. Australia is in the _C_ hemisphereA.northernB.easternC.southernD.weastern47. Victoria is also known as _D_48. The size of New Zealand is similar to _CA. Britain or CanadaB. Canada or AustraliaC. Britain or JapanD. Australia or U.S.A.49. In the 1870s the main export of New Zealand became _C_A. timberB. foodC. woolD. gold50. A New Zealand of European descent is known as a _D_A.PakehaB.KiwiC.PukekoD.MaoriTest 31. The Bill of Rights is the term for the first amendments to the Constitution.a. ten B. eleven c. twelve d. thirteen2. The President of the United States is head of the branch.a. legislativeb. executivec. judiciald. party3. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by during the Civil War.a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Franklin Roosevelt4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of .a. cultural revivalb. loss of purposec. development in science and technologyd. material success and spiritual frustration5. It was who first called Native Americans “Indians”.a. Lincolnb. Columbusc. Washingtond. Jefferson6. The United States did not join the Second World War directly untila. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland7. When we speak of “father of waters” or “old man river”, we are referring to .a. the Colorado River b . the Ohio Riverc. the Missouri Riverd. the Mississippi River8. Celts were different groups of ancient people who came originally from .a. Franceb. Denmarkc. Irelandd. Germany9. The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, .a. First/1774b. First /1776c. Second/1774d. Second/177610. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions11. The predecessor of the English parliament is .a. the Great councilb. the Witanc. the House of Plantagenetd. Magna Carta12. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s13. The , the backbone of the North American continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.a. Appalachiansb. Rockiesc. Blue Ridge Mountainsd. Great Smokies14. To help the British East India Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the compa at a lower price in the colonies through its own people.a. coffeeb. spicec. silkd. tea15. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America16. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76317. Most Americans lived in .a. city areasb. countrysidec. mountain areasd. river valleys18. The British Parliament has a maximum duration of years.a. fourb. sixc. eightd. five19. Of the five Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the United States, is the onlyone entirely in the U. S.a. Lake Huronb. Lake Ontarioc. Lake Michigand. Lake Erie20. The Chartis ovement was officiall unchedata greatmeeting in Birmingham in ,with theaim of pressing the Pamrelnit to accept the People’s Charter.a. 1836b. 1838c. 1840d. 18421~5 abbdb 6~10 bdddc 11~15 aabdc 16~20aadcbTest 41.Fanklin Roosevelt’s program for the depression was called .a. Progressivismb. laissez fairec. New Freedomd. New Deal2. The United States did not join the Second World War directly until in December, 1941.a. Great Depressionb. Pearl Harbor incidentc. the Japanese attack on Chinad. the German attack on Poland3. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .a. Lord Protectorb. Lieutenant Generalc. Commander of the New Model Armyd. President4. Ireland is in the of Great Britain.a. eastb. southc. westd. north5. WASPs referred to .a. the mainstream Americansb. Hispanicsc. Asian-Americansd. Blacks6. Lincoln's Emancipation proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution formally endeda. the immigration movementb. the Civil Warc. the slave systemd. the industrialization7. About a hundred years ago, as a result of imperialist expansion, Britain ruled one fourth of the and of the world’s land area.a. one thirdb. one fifthc. one fourthd. tow fifths8. The Celt’s religion was .a. Teutonic religionb. Christianityc. Druidismd. Buddhism9. The spirit of the Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of , keeping them within the bo feudal law of the land.a. the Archbishop of Canterburyb. the baronsc. the churchd. the king10. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in the .a. the House of Lordsb. the House of Commonsc. the Privy Councild. the Shadow Cabinet11. The English Renaissance was largely .a. religiousb. ideologicalc. philosophicald. literary12. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in .a. hardwareb. textilec. potteryd. chemicals13. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched their first invasion on Britain in .a. 200B. C.b. 55 B. C.c. 55 A. D.d. 410 A. D.14. The Hundred Years’ War started in .a. 1733b. 1453c. 1337d. 135715. Civil Rights Movement happened in .a. the 1960sb. the 1950sc. the 1940sd. the 1930s16. The open declaration of the containment policy was made by on March 12, 1949 in a speech to th session of Congress.a. President Rooseveltb. President Kennedyc. General Marshalld. President Truman17. The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament.a. 651b. 1,200c. 1,198d. 76318. About half of the Britain’s trade is with .a. the United Statesb. South-east Asiac. the ECd. the Latin America19. The British recorded history begins with .a. the arrival and settlement of Celtsb. the Norman Conquestc. Roman invasiond. Viking and Danish invasions20. At the beginning of the First World War, the United States pursued a policy of.a. containmentb. neutralityc. pro-Germany partialityd. pro-Ally partiality1~5dbaca 6~10 cccdb 11~15 dbbca 16~20daccbTest 51.There are ______ political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2.Magna Cartahad altogethe6r3 clausesof which themost importantmatterscouldbe seen in threeof the followingexcept _______.A. no tax should be made without the approval of the Grand Council;B. no serf should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of his property except by the law of the landC. London and other towns should retain their ancient rights and privilegesD. There should be the same weights and measures through - out the country.3. The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer a ft ee th century, and the Scottish inventor________ modified and improved the design in 1765.A. Abraham DarbyB. James WattC. John KayD. Richard Arkwright4. In some areas factory farming methods are used, particularly for ________.A. growing cropB. producing milkC. catching fishD. rearing poultry5. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______ by the Sovereign in the United KA. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House6. Under the Anglo - Irish Treaty, Britain established _______ with dominion status in Ireland in 1921A. the Anglican Church of IrelandB. the Irish Free StateC. the Irish Republican ArmyD. the Anglo - Irish Intergovernmental Council7. Irish broadcasting began in ______ in a small studio called Dublin Broadcasting Station.A. 1906B. 1916C. 1926D. 19368. _______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a against slavery.A. Frederick DouglassB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Abraham Lincoln9. But even after the abolition of slavery, organized or individual discrimination was practiced againA. Chinese - AmericansB. American IndiansC. Japanese - AmericansD. black Americans10.From 1948 to 1966 averageyearlygrowth in realspendableearningswas ______ percentin theUnited States.A. 1.1B. 2.1C. 3.1D. 4.111. After a period of prosperity (1920 ~ 1929), government involvement in the economy increased ______A. during the Great DepressionB. after the WW IC. after the WW IID. during the Cold War12. The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports the world.A. one thirdB. one fourthC. one sixthD. one seventh13. Through the Department of _____, the President is responsible for the protection of Americans abro foreign nationals in the United States.A. StateB. JusticeC. LaborD. Defense14. The community college embodies ________ belief that an education should be practical as well as liA. George Washington'sB. Thomas Jefferson'sC. Abraham Lincoln'sD. Franklin Roosevelt's15. The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery of Austra had lasted nearly two hundred years.A. Arthur PhilipB. Mathew FlindersC. Port JacksonD. Peter Lalor16. After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on _A. JapanB. TurkeyC. ItalyD. Germany17. The European discovery of Canada can be traced back to the end of the ______ century.A. 14thB. 15thC. 16thD. 17th18. Northern provinces and territories tale up _____ of Canada.A. halfB. two thirdsC. one thirdD. four fifths19. In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A. 15%B. 16%C. 17%word 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. 18%20. In the United States, Halloween is night - time ______ holiday.A. children'sB. men'sC. women'sD. old men's21. Australia is generally divided into the following three topographical regions except _____.A. the Great Western PlateauB. the OutbackC. the Eastern HighlandsD. the Central Eastern Lowlands22. In Britain the succession order of the Crown can be altered only by common consent of _____.A. all members of the royal familyB. the House of Lords and the House of CommonsC. cabinet and ministryD. the countries of the Commonwealth23. New Zealand is the world's largest exporters of ________.A. lambB. expertiseC. honeyD. potatoes24. Today _____ is Ireland's most influential daily.A. the Irish PressB. the Irish IndependenceC. the Irish TimesD. the Irish Daily25. In the United States, _____ is a leading commercial crop in the South.A. cottonB. tobaccoC. peanutD. apple1.C2. B3. B4. D5. A11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. B 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. C 20. ATest 61. In America the academic year lasts nine months, from September to _____, with winter and spring vocA. JulyB. JuneC. August2. In elementary schools, courses for children include the following except _____.A. reading, writingB. social c u.r eign languagesword 专业资料-可复制编辑-欢迎下载D. sciences, art and musicE. cooking or other manual skills3. The American teachers’ pay and prestige are _____ in comparison with the general standard of livinA. highB. lowC. almost the same4. There are over _____ universities, colleges and other institutions in the United States.A. 2,000B. 2,500C. 3,0005. Today more than _____ of all the private colleges have some kind of church connection.A. 1/3B. 1/2C. 1/56. The library in _____ was the first private library in the US.A. Harvard CollegeB. Yale Coll .geCollege of New Jersey7. The first public library was founded in 1731 in _____.A. BostonB. PhiladelphiaC. Chicago8. At present America has more than _____ free public libraries.A. 6,000B. 5,000C. 7,0009. VOA Radio Station was established in _____.A. 1924B. 1934C. 189410. All the newspapers and magazines in America are _____ owned.A. publiclyB. privatelyC. locally11. _____ is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.A. FootballB. BasketballC. Baseball12. It was the _____ immigrants in the mid-19th century who introduced skiing into the United States.A. ScandinavianB. DutchC. French13. 101 American people won the Nobel Prize after _____.A. WWIB. Civil WarC. WWII14. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world.A. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin15. The famous story _____ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.A. “Rip Van Winkle”B. “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”C. “The Adventures of a German Student”16. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville17. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature.A. Sinclair Lewi . Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway18. Yale University was founded in _____.A. 1701B. 1746C. 174919. The greatest American playwright is _____.A. Arthur Mille . Eugene O’Niel C. Robert Frost20. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt Whitma . Tennessee Williams21. The most popular sport in America is _____.A. baseballB. basketballC. football22. After his death a bust of Henry Wa low was placed in the poet’s corner of _____.A. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University23. For his work, _____ was honoured “The Harlem Laureate”.A. Robert FrostB. Langston HughsC. Walt Whitman24. Arthur Ml er’s Masterpiece is _____.A. Death of a SalesmanB. The Crucibe。

英美概况(第二版)USA chapter 8 Literature and Arts_OK

ry of the slow emergence of native elements and national c
haracteristics.
12
Culture
B The Revolutionary Period (1775-17
The Colonial A Period (1607-1 775)
• — Science is completely amoral. • coincidental: adj. happening by chance; not planned 巧合；碰巧；
非计划之中的 • — The similarity between these two essays is too great to be coin
cidental.
11
Introduction—
• Like other national literatures, American literature was sha ped by the history of the country that produced it.
• For almost a century and a half, America was merely a gro up of colonies. The colonial writings could not count as A merican literature but merely a branch of British literature.
or Literature for voicing “man’s exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts.”
• 1987 - Joseph Brodsky (1940-1996) • Russian/American writer. Received the 1987 Nobel Prize

专八人文常识辅导材料(英美概况)

A Survey of English-speaking CountriesI. Review重要城市，尤其是首府和第一大城市，了解这些城市的大概位置Canada: Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, Vancouver, MontrealNew Zealand: Wellington, AucklandAustralia: Canberra, Sydney, MelbourneU.K.: London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, BelfastU.S.: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Houston, San Francisco, Boston, Detroit, Atlanta1. The northernmost part of Great Britain is ______.A. Northern IrelandB. WalesC. EnglandD. Scotland2. Which country is known as the Land of Maple Leaf?A. CanadaB. New ZealandC. Great BritainD. The United States of America3. The first city ever founded in Canada is ______.A. Quebec.B. VancouverC. TorontoD. Montreal4. The capital of Scotland is ______.A. Glasgow.B. Edinburgh.C. Manchester.D. London.5. The largest city in Canada is ______.A. VancouverB. MontrealC. TorontoD. Ottawa6. _________ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York7. The capital of New Zealand is___________.A. ChristchurchB. AucklandC. WellingtonD. Hamilton8. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?A. Perth.B. Adelaide.C. Sydney.D. Melbourne.9. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.国家首脑（区别象征首脑和行政长官），各国政体（尤其是美国）1. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.A. the governor-general.B. the Prime Minister.C. the high commissioner.D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.2. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is ______.A. the PresidentB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Prime Minister第2题颇有争议，各个出版社的真题和教科书说法不一致。

专八复习-语英美概况省纸打印版

英国概况英格兰面积最大苏格兰，爱丁堡为首府威尔士，加的夫，Cardiff为首府北爱尔兰，贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府伦敦，UK首都：皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂St Paul’s Cathedral在这里。

威斯敏斯特Westminster，伦敦市的一个行政区，也叫西敏寺。

这里有议会Houses of Parliament，包含大钟楼Big Ben，白厅Whitehall即英国政府，白金汉宫Buckingham Palace即英国皇宫，还有St Jame s’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。

********************************************************************************************1.1215年大宪章(The Great Charter in 1215)，亦称the Great Charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由，保障教会不受国王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制国王及王室官员的行为。

2.议会雏形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会，就是最早的议会，后来发展了House of Lords上议院，House of Commons下议院。

3.玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革：Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎打了玫瑰战争，都铎胜利，终成五代都铎王朝。

亨利八世进行宗教改革，想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系，使英国教会独立起来。

宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。

伊丽莎白一世时期，伊丽莎白为女王统治英国，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，从此英国都是信奉新教。

4.文艺复兴运动The English Renaissance：文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期，从1350-1650，有300年，从意大利发起，达芬奇等人为代表。

专八英美概况练习

美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C．San Francisco D ．New York City2．_____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A．Blacks B ．Hispanics C．Indians D．Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A．the U.S. President George WashingtonB ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language. A．varieties B．elements C．parts D．form5．The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B．James Monroe C．James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.A．Rhode Island B ．Virginia C．TexasD ．Montana7．The national flag of the United States is known as_____.A．the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack8．The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nationB．populationC．sizeD．none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.A．the Amazon River B．the Mississippi River C．the Nile River D．the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.A．France B．Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

2024年度张奎武《英美概况》(第4版)笔记和课后习题详解

构
阐述美国经济制度的基础，如市场经济、私有制等，以及产业结构的现状与特点。
社会问题与挑战
探讨美国当前面临的社会问题，如种族不平等、贫困、犯罪等，以及政府和社会如何应对这些挑战。
2024/3/24
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课后习题详解：美国部分
1
简答题
回答关于美国历史、文化、社会等方面的简答题，如“简述美国独立战争的背景和结果”、“分析个人主义在美国文化中的地位和影响”等。
阐述美国多元文化的特点，以及不同民族在美国社会中的融合过程。
实用主义与创新精神
探讨实用主义哲学对美国文化的影响，以及创新精神在美国科技、经济等领域中的体现。
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美国社会现状与特点
政治体制与权力结
构
分析美国政治体制的特点，包括总统制、三权分立等，以及权力结构中的利益集团、政党等因素。
经济制度与产业结
英美在国际事务中的影响力分析英美在国际组织、全球治理等方面的作用和影响力。
2024/3/24
英美外交政策的异同点比较英美在外交政策制定和实施上的相似性和差异性。
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课后习题详解：政治制度与外交关系部分
习题一
解释英国君主立宪制的基本原则和特点。
习题二
分析美国总统制与英国君主立宪制的异同点。
2024/3/24
过去几十年来，英美两国在文化领域的交流活动不断增多。例如，英国皇家莎士比亚剧团和美国百老汇的戏剧合作、英国国家美术馆和美国大都会艺术博物馆的艺术交流等。这些活动为两国人民提供了更多了解和欣赏对方文化的机会。
随着全球化的深入发展，英美两国之间的文化交流将继续加强。未来，两国可以在数字创意产业、影视制作、艺术教育等领域开展更多合作，共同推动世界文化的繁荣和发展。

英美概况复习资料精华

《英美概况》复习资料Chapter 1 1．The The UK UK UK is is is made made made up up up of of of four four four parts; parts; parts; they they they are are are England, England, England, Scotland, Scotland, Scotland, Wales Wales Wales and and Northern Ireland. (Chapter1, p1) 2．Off the continental Europe lie two islands known as the British Isles. The largest of them is Great Great Britain. Britain. Britain. The The The next next next largest largest largest consists consists consists of of of the the the Republic Republic Republic of of of Ireland Ireland Ireland and and and Northern Northern Northern Ireland Ireland Ireland which which belongs to the UK. (Chapter1, p3) 3．The two youngest states of the USA are Alaska in the northwestern part of North America and Hawaii in the central Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p2-3) 4. Alaska is the largest state in the USA, it was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867 for $7,200,000. (Chapter1, p9) 5．The whole of the USA includes 50 states and a federal district, the District of Columbia, which is the seat of the Federal Government. (Chapter1, p3) 6. The major rivers in the UK are the River Severn and the Thames. (Chapter1, p7) 7.The 7.The major major major mountains mountains mountains in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are the the the Pennines, Pennines, Pennines, the the the Cambrians Cambrians Cambrians and and and the the the Grampians. Grampians. (Chapter 1, p7) 8． The Mississippi Rivers is the longest and the most important river in the USA. It flows from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. (Chapter1, p8) 9．In the USA, there are three great mountain ranges: the Appalachian Mountains, the Rocky Mountains and the Great Cordillera Mountain Range. (Chapter1, p9) 10．The The Lake Lake Lake District District District area area area is is is very very very beautiful beautiful beautiful and and and quiet. quiet. quiet. Many Many Many English English English poets, poets, poets, such such such as as Wordsworth and S. Coleridge wrote poems about the district. (Chapter1, p4) 11． Lough Lough Neagh Neagh Neagh ((纳湖)is )is a a a lake lake lake of of of 396 396 396 square square square kilometers kilometers kilometers in in in area, area, area, the the the largest largest largest lake lake lake in in Northern Ireland, and in the British Isles as well. (Chapter1, p10) 12．The renowned Yellowstone National Park in the northwestern part of Wyoming is the oldest national park in the world and contains the largest wildlife preserve in the US. (Chapter1, p6) 13．The Colorado Plateau is threaded my many deep valleys or canyons, among which the best known is Colorado V alley, also called Grand Canyon. (Chapter1, p6) 14．In the eastern California lies Death Valley, 280 feet below sea level. It is the lowest point in the whole of North America. (Chapter1, p6) 15．The three river systems in the USA are the system of the Gulf of Mexico, the system of the Atlantic Ocean and the system of the Pacific Ocean. (Chapter1, p8) 16．The world-famous Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉瀑布) is located on the US-Canadian boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. (Chapter1, p8) 17.The 17.The five five five Great Great Great Lakes Lakes Lakes lying lying lying between between between the the the boundary boundary boundary of of of Canada Canada Canada and and and the the the USA USA USA are are are : : : Lake Lake Michigan （密歇根或密执安湖）, Lake Superior （苏必利湖）, Lake Ontario （安大略湖）（安大略湖）, Lake Huron （休伦湖）（休伦湖） and Lake Erie （伊利湖）（伊利湖）(Chapter1, p8) 18．UK ：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland(Chapter 1, p1) 19．USA: The United States of America (Chapter 1, p1) 20．EU ：The European Union (Chapter 1, p9) 21．The Grampians: It lie in the highlands of Scotland. It is the largest mountain range in the UK in which there are four high mountains, all of which are more than 1000 meters high and two of which are the highest in the UK. (Chapter 1, p4) Celtic Tribes. (Chapter2, p12\13) In order to keep back the Picts and Scots, the Romans built a wall, called Hadrian’s Wall Hadrian’s Wall, , 410-871, the the the Germanic Germanic Germanic tribes latter are: are: are: the the the Angles, Angles, Angles, Saxons Saxons Saxons and and Jutes. (Chapter2, p14) The Indians living in America originated from Asia some 25000 years ago. (Chapter2, p18) Christopher Columbus. (Chapter2, p19) the new continents: the Spanish, the English and the French. (Chapter2, p19-20) The Spanish autumn of of of 1620, 1620, 1620, 73 “Mayflower”“Mayflower”. (Chapter2, p21) . (Chapter2, p21) Thanksgiving is now observed throughout the USA, this holiday began in 1621 as a way Opposed to what was perceived as British oppression, colonial leaders held the First Continental Congress in 1774 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania(Thomas Jefferson drafted Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on In 1803, the USA purchased Louisiana from Napoleon for $15,000,000. (Chapter2, p23) the US-Mexican US-Mexican US-Mexican War 14.The 14.The Hawaii, Hawaii, Hawaii, which The USA today is the fourth largest country in size in the world. (Chapter 2, p23) The Hundred Y ears’ War happened between England and France . (Chapter 3, p28) The more important phase of medieval Anglo-French hostility began in 1337 and ended in 1353, and is known as the Hundred Years’ war . (Chapter 3, p28) )is also called the Great Charter. (Chapter3, p28) Shakespeare’s drama Henry VI reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, reflects the Wars of the Roses begun in 1455. (Chapter3, The 2 results of the Enclosure Movement are the primitive accumulation of capital and the 6.The 6.The Industrial Industrial Industrial Revolution Revolution Revolution started started started during ．The Chartist Movement flourished most in conditions of economic depression and reached petition, The People’s Charter ,, was drawn up in 1837. (Chapter3, p34) George Washington was the first president of the USA, and was inaugurated on April 301789. (Chapter3, p39) In 1852, a novel Uncle Tom’s s Cabin was written and published in the US, it aroused a great and the whole capitalist world to its foundation. This is the Great Depression. (Chapter3, p47) ．Margaret Margaret Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher was reputation as “the iron lady”. She belongs to the Conservative Party. The Thatcher Era refers to the Silicon valley (London, on the north bank of the Thames , is one of the world’s leading banking and The capital city of Scotland is Edinburgh. (Chapter 5, p75) 3.The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. (Chapter 5, p75) 4.The capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast. (Chapter 5, p76) The Statue of Liberty (152meters high) was given by French people as a gift to New York City. (Chapter5, p77) Chicago is the largest industrial city and the second largest city in terms of population in Hollywood , the base of the film industry located in Los Angeles, is a world famous film ． Detroit Detroit, the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. , the “motor city”, is on the Detroit River between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. San Francisco locates in in in Boston Boston Boston aera. aera. ) of the UK is the Parliament(is the Congress () in the UK is the House of Lords(贵族院或上院). 3.The supreme judicial body in the USA is the Supreme Court. (Chapter6, p93) The currency of the UK is Sterling(There are three major parties in Britain today. They are the Conservative Party(the Labour Party and the Social and Liberal Democrats Party (2. The party system of the UK is a two-party one. (Chapter7, p101) In the UK, The Conservative Party is the party of the right(donkey and elephant . (Chapter7, p104) Every Every 5 5 5 years years years a major parties: parties: parties: the the the Conservative Conservative Conservative Party Party Party and and and the the the Labour Labour Labour Party. Party. Party. (Chapter7, The five American agricultural belts are the belt of cheese(), the belt of wheat, the belt of corn, the belt of cotton and the belt of fruits, vegetables etc. (Chapter8, p120-121) is the the the The The The New New New Y Y ork Stock Stock Exchange(Exchange(horticulture(．The The Bank Bank Bank of of of England England England is is is the The Federal Reserve System is the US federal banking system and note issue authority, eighteen. All children must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age five to sixteen. That is, English children begin their schooling from 5 years old. (Chapter10, p138) The four most famous schools of all are Eaton College(College and Rugby School. (Chapter10, p138) In the US, many children begin their school education at the age of six, usually graduate from high school at the age of 18 . (Chapter10, p139) UK is is is Oxford Oxford Oxford University. University. University. Cambridge Cambridge Cambridge University University University was was was established 1284. (Chapter10, p141) ．Tutorial Tutorial system system system is is is one There are three academic degrees in Britain: t he Bachelor’s (), t h e Master’s he Master’s ()and the Doctor’s degree. (Chapter10, p142) Open Open University University University is )is the founder of Christianity. (Chapter11, p148) Church of England is a denomination of Christianity or Protestant Church. (Chapter 11, Protestant and Catholic . (Chapter11, p149) In the UK, the most important denomination is the Church of England. It is also called the “Anglican Church” (are over over over 3000 3000 3000 religious are are Protestants, Protestants, Protestants, 24% Roman Catholics. That is, over three-fifth of all American religious people belongs to Christianity. The national flag of the UK is Union Jack or Union Flag. (Chapter 16, p206-207) The Stars and Stripes has 50 stars and 13 stripes on it. (Chapter16, p208) 17, p220) 3、NHS（国家卫生服务体系）：The National Health Service(Chapter18, p226) 。

英美概况问答复习题1(川美的你懂的)

Questions:1. What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain? Which part of Britainhas the most rainfall and which part is the driest?The factors which influence the climate in Britain are the following three:1) The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;2) The prevailing south-west winds bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperatures moderate;3) The North Atlantic Drift, a warm current, passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.The northwestern part has the most rainfall, while the south-eastern corner is the driest.2.Why was Britain the first country to start industrial revolution? What influence did the industrial revolution make upon the British society?It was because of the enviroment of the world. Britain wanted to develop itself by the way of changing its industrial. So the industrial revolution began. It then made the Britain developed faster.1. The English bourgeoisie accomplished its “primitive accumulation of capital”through plunder and expansion.2. There was no lack of cheap labor, for him enclosures had displaced many peasants.3. Britain was well placed geographically to participate in world trade and it hada large merchant marine.4. No place in Britain is more than 200 kilometers away from seaports.5. British engineers had sound training as craftsmen.6. Investors were respected and they were pioneering in experimental science to solve practical problems.7. “Protestant work ethic” and laissez faire policy encouraged people to engage themselves in the development of production.8. Foreign trade and adventure broaden the British people’s field of vision and made them aggressive in doing things.Industrial Revolution originated in the central region of England. In 1764, the emergence of the spinning jenny, the Industrial Revolution marked the outbreak in the UK and the world. Mid-18th century, the British Watt improved the steam engine, the technology revolution caused by a series of manual labor to the power plant from the production changes and major leaps. Then spread to England to the entire European continent, the 19th century spread to North America, and later the industrial revolution spread to the world.The Industrial Revolution was a time of dramatic change, from hand tools and handmade items, to products which were msass produced by machines. Workers became more productive, and since more items were manufactured, prices dropped, making exclusive and hard to make items available to the poor and not only the rich and elite. Life generally improved, but the industrial revolution also proved harmful. Pollution increased, working conditions were harmful, and capitalists employed women and young children, making them work long and hard hours. The industrial revolution was a time for change. For the better, or for the worse.3. Discuss the cause and the significance of the American War of Independence?The American War of independenceThe causes of the war ( 1).The 1 British colonies in North America economic development / north of capitalist industry and commerce is relatively developed, shipbuilding industry has become the main industrial sectors. Southern plantation economy of tobacco, sugar cane and other commodity consisting mainly of economic crops, mainly supply the European market.2 American national formation. After long-term development and economic exchanges frequent, preliminary formed unified market, English as a common language, which consists of immigrants from Europe integration of new nation -- the United Nation has formed.3 British colonial oppression, plunder, North American people in no circumstances, organize to armed struggle.4 North American people actively get rid of British oppression fight for national independence and the Boston Tea Party events became the American War of independence.Significance( 1) overthrew the British colonial rule, make the United States won independence;( 2) is conducive to the development of capitalism in the United States, for the development of the capitalist economy opens the way;( 3) in Europe and Latin America played a role in promoting the revolution. 4.Explain briefly how the three branches of American Federal government balance and limit each other.The federal government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States with the governments of the individual U.S. states. The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches.[1] The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution, which, per the Tenth Amendment, states that all powers not expressly assigned to the federal government are reserved to the states or to the people.5.What was the cause of the American Civil War?There are historical reasons for their misunderstanding of the issues, some of which can be seen during the Civil War itself. Some of this confusion has come from the notion that the North's PURPOSE in entering the war is the same thing as the REASON for the war. But why do they have to be the same? Wanting to restore the Union with slavery still allowed hardly disproves that the disagreement about slavery was what CAUSED secession and thereby the war. In fact, most of the Northern efforts before the war to bring Southern states back focused on assurances about the protection of slavery (esp. the Crittenden Comprmoise), demonstrating that they perceived this as THE key issue.。

Week 13 (1)英美国家概况专八复习

8.
The British launched the Opium War against China in ____. A. 1841 B. 1842 C. 1840 D. 1839
9.
Germany became a fascist nation, followed up by ___. A. Italy B. Hungary C. Austria D. Italy and Japan
4.
Thomas Moore’s prose writing __ was the typical work in the English Renaissance. A. Faerie Queen B. Utopia C. Paradise Lost D. Romeo and Juliet
12.
The Second World War finally ended in ___. A. 1945 B. 1946 C. 1947 D. 1949
13.
During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President____ decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from getting into Cuba. A. Johnson B. Kennedy C. Nixon D. Reagan
6.
The Chartist Movement started in ___, marking the workers’ awareness in politics. A. 1837 B. 1836 C. 1842 D. 1847

英美概况复习题

英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。

英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。

英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。

二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。

英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。

美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。

美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。

三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。

英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。

美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。

美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。

四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。

英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。

美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。

美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。

五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。

英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。

英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。

美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。

美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。

六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。

英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。

美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。

英语国家人文知识概况——专八考试资料1

Introduction to English-speaking Countries第一章英国Full NameThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，简称“UK（联合王国）”。

Geography位于欧洲大陆西北部的Great Britain Island（大不列颠岛）上，东濒North Sea（北海），西临Atlan Ⅰ、Scotland（苏格兰地区）Glasgow（格拉斯哥）——第一大城市（英国全境第三大城市），为苏格兰地区工业重镇，著名的Clyde Edinburgh（爱丁堡）——第二大城市，为苏格兰自治政府所在地，历史悠久，素有“Northern Athens Edinburgh Castle（爱丁堡城堡）、St Giles′Cathedral（圣吉尔教堂）、National Gallery of Sco 著名学府有Edinburgh University（爱丁堡大学）和Heriot-Watt University（海里奥特-瓦特大学）等著名节日有Edinburgh International Festival of Music and Drama（爱丁堡国际音乐戏剧节，每年8 Nevis（尼维斯山）——英国最高山，海拔1343米。

Hadrian’s Wall（哈德良城墙）——位于苏格兰南部，公元2世纪初由Ancient Roman Emperor Hadria Lake District（湖泊区）——位于英格兰西北海岸，靠近苏格兰，边界方圆2300平方公里。

湖区拥有英Ⅱ、England（英格兰地区）英国四个行政区中最大的一个，位于大不列颠岛东南部，地是比较平坦，Pennies（奔宁山脉）纵贯其间London(伦敦)——英国首都，欧洲的经济文化中心，位于英格兰东南部平原上，横跨The Thames River 伦敦是全国政治中心。

英美概况课件复习题1

英美概况课件复习题1期末复习1.总评成绩＝平时成绩30% （出勤，作业，专题发言）＋期末成绩70%2. 期末试卷样式各题型大致的比例:I. Multiple Choice 30%II. Translating the following terms into the opposite language 10%III. Match words(10%)IV. Answer the questions briefly(10%)V. Guess who he/she was/is(10%)VI. Reading comprehension(30%)课堂内容所占比例大致如下: 教材课件练习册各约占33%难度系数：70% 易、15-20%中 15-10% 难Overall introduction to the 6 countriesWhat are the 6 English speaking countries? What is its respective capital?1.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland London2.The Republic of Ireland Dublin3.The United States of America Washington D.C.4.Canada Ottawa5.The Commonwealth of Australia Canberra6.New Zealand WellingtonBritish Land:1.What kind of country is Britain?an island country2.What is the important river in Britain?The Thames River3.Can you say something about the location of Britain?It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.4.What’s the climate like in Britain?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.5.Why do British people talk about weather very often?6. What are the symbols of England?the flag of England (St George's Cross), Royal Guardsmen, red Double Deck Buses, Red Post Boxes &Telephone Boxes, the Royal Family, Buckingham Palace, Houses Of Parliament, St Paul's Cathedral, Policemen, The London Eye, Pub Signs, Tea…7. Can you say some of the landmarks of London?the Thames, St Paul's Cathedral, the tower of London, Buckingham Palace, the Westminster Abbey, the British Museum, Palace of Westminster , Big Ben, the London Eye…8. What are the symbols of Scotland?whiskey, bagpipe, tartan(kilt), golf…6.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. What are the other names?UK : United Kingdom; GB: Great Britain; Britain3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland5.What are their respective capitals?England: London; Scotland: Edinburgh;Wales:Cardiff; Northern Ireland: Belfast6.What’s the national anthem of U.K.?God Save the Queen7. What are the national flowers of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland?England: rose; Scotland: thistle;Wales: leek & daffodil;Northern Ireland: shamrock8.What’s the national flag of the U.K.?the Union Jack9. What’s the nickname of the U.K.?John Bull10. How many countries are there in the British Commonwealth?53British People:1.What are the main nations in Britain?The English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish2.Who are the ancestors of the English people? And who are the ancestors of the Scots,Welsh and Irish?The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons. The Scottish, Welsh and Irish are Celts3.Why is it said that English people tend to be rather conservative? Give some examples toshow their conservative attitude.p13 on book4.What kind of country is Britain in religion? What kind ofreligion do over half of thecitizens believe in?a Christian country, Christianity5. Give a brief account of the three stages in the evolution of the English language.Old English, Middle English and Modern EnglishAmerican Land:1.How do you know about the different names of USA?Its full name: the United States of AmericaIts short term: US; U.S. USA; U.S.A2. Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary?The United States is situated in the central part of North America except its two youngest states.The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west.It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico.3. How large is it? What’s its rank all over the world?9. 3 million square kilometers; the fourth largest in size4. How many states are there in the United States?Which two states are geographically separated from the other?50 states and the federal district of ColumbiaAlaska in the northwestern part of North AmericaHawaii in the central Pacific.5. What are the major cities in the U.S.?Washington D.C PhiladelphiaNew York City DetroitLos Angeles San FranciscoChicago BostonHouston Pittsburgh6. What’s its national flag?The Stars and Stripes7. How do you know the meaning of its national flag?The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States of America. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union. White signifies Purity andInnocence; Red, Hardiness and Valor; and Blue, Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice.8. What’s the nickname of American people?Uncle Sam9. What’s its national anthem(国歌)?The Star-Spangled Banner10. There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 itemsnational flag; national flower; national anthem; the Statue of Liberty; bald eagle; national tree; the Golden Gate Bridge, Hollywood; etc.American People:1.America is nation of immigrants, what are its major ethnic groups?The Indians, the White Anglo-Saxons Protestants (WASPs), the Black, the Hispanicsand the Asian-Americans.2.Why has the United States long been known as a “melting pot”?The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because it is a country ofmany ethnic groups from different parts of the world3.Why is USA called as a nation on wheels?Cars are an important part of life in the U.S. The car made the U.S. a nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new job and opportunities.4. What’s the character of American people?self-reliance, and equality of opportunity, respect of individual rights, religious toleranceand a strong spirit of individual enterprise5.The first immigrants in American history came from England.6.Uncle T o m’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the black slaves.7.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower.8.Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.British History1. The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were Iberians .2. The most famous /biggest relic left by the earliest settlers on British Isles is the Stonehenge.3. From 700 B.C, Celts came from Upper Rhine Land and began to inhabit British Isles.4. Christianity was first brought to Britain by the Romans.5. The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value, they are Welsh Christianity, the Roman roads and cities, especially London.6. The three Teutonic group began to migrate from the region of Denmark and Low Countries (Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg) and settled in Britain. The three groups are Angles, Saxons and Jutes. From the Anglo-Saxon conquerors came thename “England” and “English”.7. In 878, a peace treaty was signed between the Danes and Alfred, the king of Wessex.8. Norman Conquest, by William the Conqueror, beginning from the year 1066, established Feudalism in Britain.9. The Great Charter signed in 1215 was made in the interest of the feudal lords, it had a progressive significance.10. The first parliament was called in 1265 under the leadership of Simon de Montfort.11. The Tudor Monarchy was in a transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism.12. In 1533, Henry VIII repudiated papal supremacy over English Church and declared himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England by the Act of Supremacy.13. During the Renaissance period, the greatest of the English humanist was Sir Thomas More, with his classical work Utopia.14. The greatest dramatist Shakespeare lived in the age of Elisabeth I.15. The “Glorious Revolution” was so called because it was bloodless.16. The industrial revolution began in textile industry and was marked by a series of important inventions.17. James Hargreaves , a carpenter made the first invention called “spinning Jenny”.18. The British Empire began with the founding of Newfoundland in 1583 and fell after the end of the Second World War.19. The British Empire used to be boasted as one “on which the s un never sets”American History1. The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called Native Americans / American Indians.2. Christopher Columbus is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America.3. The first successful English settlement in America was Jamestown in 1607.4. In 1620, a group of puritans arrived at America on a ship called Mayflower.5.The first shots of the American were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts, in 1775.6.On July 4, 1776, in the Second Continental congress, the independence of "the United States of America" was declared, which was primarily written by Thomas Jefferson.7. The Louisiana Purchase, in 1803, gave Western farmers use of the important Mississippi River waterway, almost doubled the territory of the U.S.8. After the election of Abraham Lincoln , eleven Southern states seceded from the union, establishing a rebel government, which is called Confederate States of America on February 9, 1861.9. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States.10. In 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which liberated some four million Negro slaves in the South.11. The battle of Gettysburg was the turning point in the Civil War.12.The stock market crash was the beginning of the economic depression in the late 1920s and 1930s. PresidentRoosevelt’s (FDR) New Deal measures was to save American democracy and the capital system.13. The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941.14. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.15. After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant superpowers, and the Cold War began.British government:1. What is the basis of the British government?A constitutional monarchy2. Who is the head of the country?A queen or a king3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?Elizabeth II4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons5. What are the two major parties?The Conservative Party and the Labor Party6. Who presides the cabinet?The Prime Minister8. Who has the real power in the country?The Prime Minister9. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?Gordon Brown10. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?No.10, Downing StreetAmerican government1. How many branches are there in the federal government in the U.S.? What are they? Three. They are judicial , executive and legislative branches.2. On what kind of system are the three branches based? A system of separation of powers.3. Where is the seat of government for congress? The Capitol.4. The congress is composed of two chambers. What are they? The House of representatives and the Senate5. Where is the official residency of the president? The White House.6. Who has the executive power in the U.S.? The president.7. What are the two major parties in the U.S.? Tell the symbol of each party.The Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Their symbols are the Donkey and the Elephant respectively.8. Who is the first African president in the American history? Barack Obama9. Which book written by him became No. 1 on both New York Times /doc/967847467.html, bestseller lists ? The Audacity of Hope无畏的希望EducationList the Ivy League universities.Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire;Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts;Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island;Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.Cornell University in Ithaca, New York;Columbia University in New York City;Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey;University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia;Sports:1.What are popular sports in Britain?Association Football (Soccer); Rugby Football; Cricket; Lawn Tennis2. Who is the captain of the English national Football team from 2000 to 2006?David Beckham3. At the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, who won his second Olympic gold medal as part of theso-called ‘Dream Team’ of NBA players?Michael Jordan4. Which ideal is at the very heart of organized sports in the U.S. and therefore the mostimportant ideal expressed in organized sports?competition5. What are the three most popular organized sports in the U.S.?football, basketball, and baseballLiterature:1. Who is the greatest dramatist in English history? List at least four of his major works.William ShakespeareThe Merchant of Venice; Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet…2. Which play is regarded as a milestone in Shakespeare’s dramatic development? “To be or notto be: that is the question”is the line in the play.Hamlet3. What makes Shakespeare so famous?his great understanding of human nature and his ability to find universal human qualities and to put them in dramatic situations.4. What makes a play a masterpiece?The ideas behind the play are about problems which are still important to people of different ages in modern times.5. What do you know about some important writers in American literature? List at least four.Mark Twain; Earnest Hemingway; Irving Shaw; O’ NeilMovies & Music1. A rock and pop group formed in Liverpool, England in 1960 has influenced ageneration of the country. Could you tell us the name of the group? The Beatles2.What do you know about the “British Invasion”? the “British Invasion”refers to themusical movement of the mid-1960s composed of British rock-and-roll groups whose popularity spread rapidly to the United States3. What artist is known as "The Hillbilly Cat"? Who is called “King of Pop”?Elvis Presley; Michael Jackson4.Is American country music about modern life? No, it is about the good old days.5.Which area is known as the center of the American film industry? What isthe Academy Award for film in America? Hollywood; the OscarBritish Everyday Life1.What are Castles? What is the biggest castle in England?Castles are huge, strong house, where kings and lords once lived with their families, soldiers and servants.2.What is the national food in Britain? Fish and chips3. Which Pudding is not sweet? Yorkshire Pudding and Black Pudding.4. Where can you eat in Britain apart from at home and in a restaurant ? What is a Ploughman'sLunch? Public Houses (Pubs) the dish served in Pubs.5.When can you legally drink alcohol in the UK? When can you legally drive acar in the UK? 18 176.What is the national drink of England ? tea7. What food was "invented" or discovered in England? Sandwich8. What is it like to drive in Britain? What is the National Speed Limit for driving in the UK?Britons drive on the left-hand side of the road.40miles per hour.9. What clothes do people wear in England?Jeans and Tee shirts or full business suits for office work10. Where can you find information on shops in England?the High Street50 reading passages of the Yellow Exercise Book1 BCC2 ACD3 CCCAD4 ACCAD5 DCA6 BCD7 CBD8 BBC 9BCB 10 CDA11 CDB 12 BCD 13 CBD 14 ADD 15.ABCD 16 ADAB 17 BBBA 18 CCB 19 DBC 20 A CD21 CDA 22 DAA 23BDD 24 BDD 25 DCC 26 CBA 27 C BA 28 CDD 29DDC 30 DCB 31 BDB 32.ADCB 33CBC 34 ACDA 35BDC 36CAB 37 DCB 38 CCA B 39ABDB 40 CAD 41 DBD 42 BBD 43 DBC 44 CAD 45 ABAA 46 DCAB 47 DCD 48 DBC 49 CDA 50 DDBC。

来安方《新编英美概况》（最新修订版）笔记和典型题（含考研真题）详解

目　录第1卷（英国）第1章　土地和人民1.1　复习笔记1.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第2章　英国历史2.1　复习笔记2.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第3章　政治、政府及教育3.1　复习笔记3.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第4章　补充材料4.1　复习笔记4.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第2卷（美国）第1章　总　括1.1　复习笔记1.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第2章　美国的历史2.1　复习笔记2.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第3章　政府形式和社会生活3.1　复习笔记3.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第4章　补充材料4.1　复习笔记4.2　典型题（含考研真题）详解第1卷（英国）第1章　土地和人民1.1　复习笔记Ⅰ. The British Isles and Great Britain1. Full name2. Constituents3. Introduction of Each Part4. Physiographic Features5. Climate and W eather6. Factors Influencing English W eather7. Inland W ater8. The English LanguageⅡ. People and the State1. People2. Party Politics3. Central Government4. Local Governments5. Law6. Reform of the Law Court7. Legal Profession8. Police Force9. Religion10. Characteristics of the English PeopleⅢ. National Economy1. General Survey2. Company Law and Framework of Industry3. Heavy and Light Industries4. Textile Industries5. Agriculture6. Transportation and Communication7. British Disease and Thatcher’s Medicine8. CitiesⅠ. The British Isles and Great Britain (不列颠群岛及大不列颠)1. Full name (全称)The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. Constituents (组成部分)(1)The Island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and W ales大不列颠岛：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士(2)Northern Ireland北爱尔兰3. Introduction of Each Part (各部分简介)(1)England (英格兰)England is the largest and most developed of all the three political divisions.英格兰是三个中最大的和最发达的政治分区。

英语专业八级英美文化概况之HistoryofGreatBritain

World War I
• George V • great powers of Europe split • into two camps: 1. Germany,
Austria, Italy 2. France, Russia, Britain, USA • Britain joined when Germany declared war on Belgium • the terms of peace dictated at the Treaty of Versailles 1919 • The Remembrance Day
• Queen at the age of 18, for 64 years, married to prince Albert
• her reign is known as the Victorian era, a period of industrial, political, scientific and military progress
House of Hannover
• Queen Ann´s relative – German protestant King George I. – no English
• George II – 13 American colonies, Canada, India
• George III – the Loss of America – pay debts for the colonial wars
Toinister was criticised for joining the USA
Gordon Brown
• Prime Minister since June 2007

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美国概况练习题：1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____.4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____.5 ____has the world’s oldest written con stitution and political party.6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.8 Most college students in the United States arein____institutions.9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.练习题答案及题解:1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

3 .Non-hispanics white，非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。

4 .African Americans， 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。

2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。

5 .America，美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。

6. World War II，第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。

7. Six years，美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。

8. Public，大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。

9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.10 .Louisana，路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。

美国概况练习题：1 Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment.2 The four major regions of the United Satesare________________________________.3 ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.4 ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____.7 The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a _____climate.8 To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean.9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____.10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_____. 练习题答案及题解:1． 38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。

2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。

3． The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区，也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。

4 ．California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。

5 ．American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。

6． the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。

被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。

7 ．typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。

冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。

8 ．Pacific Ocean，美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。

9 ．automobile industry，底特律是美国著名的汽车城。

10 ．Indians，美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。

美国概况练习题：1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C． San Francisco D ．New York City2． _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions. A． Blacks B ．Hispanics C． Indians D． Asian Americans3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.A． the U.S. President George WashingtonB ．Christopher ColumbusC ．both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusD ．none of them4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.A． varieties B． elements C． parts D． form5． The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.A ．Thomas Jefferson B． James Monroe C． James Madison D ．Abraham Lincoln6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____. A． Rhode Island B ．Virginia C． Texas D ．Montana7． The national flag of the United States is known as_____. A． the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle Sam C ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack8． The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.A ．contribution a state has made to the nationB． populationC． sizeD． none of the above9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____. A． the Amazon River B． the Mississippi River C． the Nile River D． the Hudson River10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ asa gift in 1884.A． France B． Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain练习题答案及题解:1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。

2． A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。

3 ．C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。

4． A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。

5． D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。

6． A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。

7 ．A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。

8． B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。

9 ．B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。

10． A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。

美国概况练习题：1. Ernest Hemingway is _____.A. EnglishmanB.American C.Dutch D. Denmark2 .John Fitzgerald Kennedy is _____ president.A. 35thB.34th C.33rd D. 32nd3. In 1837, the first college-level institution for women , Mount Holyoke Female Seminary , opened in _____ to serve the “ Muslim sex”.A. New EnglandB.Virginia C.Massachusetts D. New York4. The capital of Massachusetts is _____.A .Providence B.Boston C.Montpelier D. Augusta5 ._____ is the dividing line between the South and North.A .The Hudson River B. The Potomac RiverC. The OhioRiver D. TheMissouri River6 ._____ is Washington’s largest city.A .Boise B.Denver C.TacomaD .Seattle7. Washington D.C., the capital of U.S. is situated on the_____River banks.A .St. Lawrence B.Hudson C.PotomacD. Missouri8. When did the American Civil War break out?A. 1775B.1812 C.1861D. 18639 .Who prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence?A .John Adams B. ThomasJefferson C. Benjamin Franklin D. John Hancock10. In which day is Halloween celebrated?A .5 November B. 31October C .17March D. 25 December练习题答案及题解:1. B,文坛巨匠海明威是美国人。