经济学原理II(2008 年春季学期)1-4讲

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经济学原理II(2008年春季学期)

期中考试1(A卷答案)

(2008/3/26)

注意:请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上,写在本试题纸上一律无效。

一、判断题(判断并简要说明理由,必要时可以用图形。每题4分,共24分)

1.An increase in demand for apples will increase their price. Employment for apple pickers will

also increase as a result, which will decrease marginal product of labor for apple pickers. As a whole, we cannot judge whether demand (or value of marginal product of labor) for apply pickers will increase or decrease.

False. An increase in demand for apples will increase their demand and demand for apple pickers through a higher price. At the new equilibrium employment, marginal product of labor for apple pickers will lower because a movement along the labor demand curve, not a movement of the curve itself.

2.如果工会试图最大化就业量,而且提出的工资条件要使雇主和工人双方都能接受,则它

实现的就是有效率的竞争均衡就业量,这一工资条件就是劳动市场均衡工资。

正确。当就业量高于均衡数量时,工人要求的(最低)工资高于企业愿意支付的(最高)工资,不存在双方能够接受的工资水平。当就业量低于均衡数量时,工人要求的(最低)工资低于企业愿意支付的(最高)工资,双方可以接受一个中间的工资水平,并由此增加就业量。因此,只有在竞争均衡点时就业量最大,且双方能够接受的工资等于均衡工资。(可通过劳动市场供求图形来说明)。

3.人们购买彩票的行为说明在无知之幕下,最大化最小标准未必是人们喜欢的标准。

正确。购买彩票导致的后果是每个人都以同样概率中奖——处于无知之幕中,但购买彩票后的最小收益——不中奖——小于不购买彩票的行为(恰好与保险相反)。人们选择购买彩票说明他们并不是在最大化最小。

4.一个企业如果支付低于城镇工人的工资雇佣农民工,则它必定对农民工进行了歧视。错误。它可能是进行了歧视,也可能是发现了由于劳动市场上的歧视行为导致的农民工工资更低,而出于纯粹的利润动机以低工资雇佣农民工。

5.张三和李四在下晚自习的路上突然感到饥饿,每人买了一个煎饼。张三付了钱,李四赊

账。则张三的购买行为对GDP的影响更大。

错误。无论是张三还是李四的行为都导致了GDP增加一个煎饼的数量——同等支出导致同样的产出增加。

6.The CPI is an accurate measure of the selected goods that make up the typical bundle, but it

is not a perfect measure of the cost of living.

True. A perfect measure of the cost of living should gauge how much incomes (or expenditures) must rise to maintain a constant standard of living. Incomes enough to buy a fixed bundle of goods can at least maintain a constant standard of living, but often result in a higher standard of living due to substitutions, introduction of new goods, and quality improvement. So the CPI almost always overestimates the cost of living.

二、选择题(每题3分,共39分。每题只有一个正确答案。)

1.Congress buys personal computers for all U.S. college students. In the market for labor in the

computer manufacturing industry, the marginal product of labor for a given amount of

employment will , the wage level will , and the employment will .

A.increase, increase, increase

B.be unchanged, increase, increase

C.be unchanged, be unchanged, increase

D.be unchanged, be unchanged, be unchanged

2.When a labor market is a monopsony, the monopsony firm

A.hires more workers than would a competitive firm.

B.hires fewer workers than is socially-optimal.

C.pays a higher wage than would a competitive firm.

D.is nevertheless regarded as a competitive firm in both the input and output markets.

3.In 14th-century Europe, the Black Death killed about one-third of the population. Suppose

the amount of land was fixed. In the labor market, this event would supply and demand. In the land market, this event would demand. Wages for labors would

and rents for land would .

A.decrease; increase; decrease; increase; decrease

B.decrease; not change; decrease; increase; decrease

C.decrease; increase; decrease; increase or decrease; decrease

D.increase; decrease; increase; decrease; increase

4.一项经验研究表明,其他条件不变,身高相对更高的人工资水平更高;但仅有那些青少

年时期身高相对更高的人才有这一效应。以下理论中最能与该研究吻合的是:

A.身高更高的人的外在形象更招顾客或雇主喜欢

B.青少年时期身高更高反映了更好的营养水平,同时意味着更多的社交经历,而这通常意

味着更高的生产率

C.上述两种说法都有可能,但该研究不能分辨

D.不是身高更高导致了更高的生产率;而是更高的生产率导致了更好的营养因而更高的身

高。

5.在美国,由于学校开学时间固定在年中某个月份(如9月),而儿童出生月份不同,导

致新生入学年龄有差别。同时,法律规定只要达到某一法定最低年龄(例如17岁),所有学生都可以退学;并不要求上完一学年。这导致每个学生的上学时间长短不一。一项研究发现,那些上学时间长的学生日后平均来说获得了更高的工资。这说明:

A.教育提高了人力资本,上学时间越长生产率越高

B.教育具有区分能力高低的信号作用,上学时间长的发出了高能力的信号

C.可能说明了教育的人力资本或者信号作用,但不能加以区分;因为它们都可能使得受教

育多的人表现出更高的工资

D.这个研究不能说明任何问题,因为其他条件也在影响工资

6.以下哪一种职业更可能产生超级明星?

A.医生

B.教师

C.会计师

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