汽车节能技术研究

郑州交通职业学院

毕业论文

论文题目：汽车节能技术研究

所属系别汽车运用工程系

专业班级09级汽运5班

姓名范冰锋

学号 ***************

指导教师房颖

撰写日期 2012 年 5 月

摘要

进入21世纪后，我国的汽车工业发展迅猛，根据国家统计局的数据，2007年末我国民用汽车保有量已经突破5697万辆，预计到2010年末，我国汽车的保有量将突破8500万辆。汽车保有量的快速增加使得我国车用能源消耗大幅增加，统计显示，目前我国车用石油消耗已经占到石油总消耗的三分之一。按照目前我国汽车工业的发展速度，这一比例还将不断上升。十六大以来，国家明确提出了要转变经济增长方式，国家“十一五”规划指出：到“十一五”末，我国单位GDP的能耗要降低20％左右。汽车作为石油能源消耗大户，节能迫在眉睫。在对汽车节能进行科学合理评价的基础上，走出一条适合我国国情的汽车节能之道势在必行。

目前国外的汽车企业及科研机构已开展了一些服务于技术选择和集成的全生命周期评价，表现较为突出的是美国阿贡国家实验室，其构建的GREET模型将汽车燃料从原油开采、提炼、运输、使用乃至燃烧及污染物排放处理等过程的能耗进行全生命周期评价。我国在这方面的研究尚处于跟踪状态，由于国情差异较大、相关数据积累不够，尚未取得可推广应用的研究成果。

关键词：发展，能源，节能，消耗，迫在眉睫，国情

Abstract

In the 21st century, China's auto industry has developed quickly, according to the national bureau of statistics data, auto possession late 2007 our country civilian 5697 million cars broke at the end of 2010, and is expected to China's automobile quantities rose will break through the 85 million vehicles. The quick increase auto possession led our motor energy consumption greatly increased, statistics show that at present our country automotive oil consumption accounted for the total oil consumption to third. According to the current the development speed of the automotive industry in China, this ratio also will continue to rise. Since the sixteenth congress explicitly put forward, countries to change the mode of economic growth, the country "11th five-year" plan says: at the end of the "11th five-year plan", our country to reduce energy consumption per unit of GDP by 20%. Cars as oil energy consumption energy producer, is imminent. For auto saving in scientific and reasonable evaluation basis, out of a suitable for China's national conditions of auto saving way is imperative.

At present foreign car companies and research institutes have already undertaken some service in technology selection and integration of total life cycle assessment, performance is the United States are more prominent, the building national laboratories, gong to GREET model of car fuel from crude oil extraction, refining, transportation, use and even the combustion and pollutants processing process the whole life cycle of the energy performance evaluation. Our country in the research of this aspect is still in tracking state, because national differences, relevant data accumulated enough, have not obtained the research results can be popularized.

Keywords: development, energy, energy saving, consumption, immediate, national conditions

目录

1 引言 (1)

2 发动机的节能原理与技术 (2)

2.1 发动机节能原理 (2)

2.2 汽油机电控喷射系统 (2)

2.3 稀燃技术 (2)

2.3.1着火极限问题和解决措施 (3)

2.3.2分层燃烧技术 (3)

2.4 直喷汽油机 (4)

2.5 电控直喷柴油机 (4)

2.6 发动机增压和中冷技术 (5)

2.6.1增压的主要方式 (5)

2.6.2增压器与中冷器 (5)

2.6.3 增压系统 (6)

2.6.4 增压器和发动机的匹配 (6)

2.6.5增压器的瞬态性能 (7)

3 汽车节能方式与研究 (7)

3.1 汽车节能方式 (8)

3.2 汽车节能评价要素 (8)

3.2.1汽车技术节能 (9)

3.2.2 汽车管理节能 (9)

4 总结 (10)

参考文献 (11)

致谢 (12)