选修课作业

2.Font of HeadlinesU.S.A:Capitalizing All the initialsU.K: Only capitalizing the initial of the first worde.g.▪Guerrillas in Kosovo Rebound, Provoking Concern▪(USA) The New York Times (Nov. 11,1998)▪America slams its doors▪(UK) THE INDEPENDENT (Feb. 16,1995)▪Media Cry Foul After Sacking of TV Chief▪(Russia) The Moscow Times (Feb. 17,1996)▪Peace talks end without progress▪(China) CHINA DAIL Y (Oct. 19,1998)4.Classification of English Newspaper4.1Britain(1) According to localitiesnational dailies and Sunday papersLocal dailies and evening paperLocal weekly and biweekly(2) According to contentsSerious/Quality paper (The Times, Guardian):large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events.Popular paper/tabloid (Daily Express, Daily Mail):smaller in size, has more pictures, often in color, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-known people. (gutter press黄色小报)The Times is read by the people who run the country.The Guardian is read by the people who think they ought to run the country.The Daily Mail is read by the wives of the people who run the country.The Financial Times is read by the people who own the country.The Daily Express is read by the people who think the country ought to be run as it used to be run.4.2 U.S.AMost of the newspapers are local and named after the geographic names, such as The New York Times, Washington Post etc. At the beginning of the 1980s , USA Today was started by Gennet Chain as the first national newspaper.8.4News agencies1) 路透社（Reuter’s News Agency ，简称RTR(英国最大的世界性通讯社) 1868年成立/2) 英国国家通讯社(又称新闻联合社) （Press Association，简称PA ）News agencies1.美联社(Associated Press,简称AP)于1848年创办：2.合众国际社(United Press-International News Service,简称UPI)于1907年创办:3.Arrangement of Headlines3.1According to the layerOne-deck headline---four-deck headline单层式标题／二层标题／…… ／四层标题3.2According to the formflush-left head （左边齐列式）drop line head ／indented head(阶梯式)crossline ／keyline (单行式)centred head (中心式)full line (两边齐列式)inverted pyramid form (倒金字塔式)streamer/banner head(通栏大标题)jump head (转页标题)flush-left head （左边齐列式）drop line head ／indented head(阶梯式)crossline ／keyline (单行式)centred head (中心式)full line (两边齐列式)inverted pyramid form (倒金字塔式)streamer/banner head(通栏大标题)jump head (转页标题)4.3 Rhetorical features4.3.1 Alliteration and rhyme 头韵和尾韵4.3.1.1头韵Starts with S, Ends with Ex (头韵)怎一个“性”字了得 (仿拟)Pei’z Pyramids Puzzle ParisFasting is the fastest diet4.3.1.2尾韵Publish or Perish?Desperate Need, Desperate DeedAfter the boom everything is gloomDie with DignitySplashy and Stylish4.3.2 Parody 仿拟4.3.2.1仿拟(谚语)All Work, Low Pay Make Nurses Go Away.=All work no play make Jack a dull boy.Do as the Maoris do=Do as Romans doSlow Food: More Taste, Less Speed=More haste, less speed.Liberty is the Mother of Invention.=Necessity is the Mother of Invention.4.3.2.2 Parody 仿拟(典故)1990：YEAR OF MARCO POLO CHIC1990年：中国热的一年Don’t Cry for Me, England英格兰，别为我哭泣(语出歌曲Don’t cry for me, Argentina，喻世界杯上英格兰队失利)4.3.2.3 Parody 仿拟(文学著作)TO SA VE OR NOT TO SA VE.To Clone or not to Clone=To be or not to beA Tale of Two Debtors=A Tale of Two CitiesAll calories are created equal.=All men are created equal.4.3.3 Pun 双关The Sun Sets for the Last Time太阳最后一次降落（报道香港的英文小报《太阳报》停刊）Soccer Kicks off with Violence足球开踢拳打脚踢Sagging Spirits in Scotland苏格兰“酒产量下降”有关人员“情绪低落”No Bellas (双关) 寥寥粉黛诺贝尔No Bellas与Nobel谐音，而Bella是女子名，原标题一语双关，指百年来罕有女性获得诺贝尔奖。

4.3.4 Metaphor 隐喻Russian Reform：Old Wine in New BottleMiddle East: A Cradle of TerrorSleeping Dragon Awakes and Sets Viable Economic Growth TargetsChina should give priority to “bottlenecks”4.3.5 Antithesis 对比e.g.Can Hollywood Make A Bollywood Movie?好莱坞电影，宝莱坞风格The Rise and Fall of the Swiss Miss瑞士公主(辛吉斯)的盛与衰4.3.6 Metonymy 转喻或借代Washington 美国White House美国政府Pentagon美国国防部Wall Street美国金融界Capital Hill美国国会Foggy Bottom美国国务院Downing Street英国政府Fleet Street英国新闻界Pyongyang朝鲜The national athem4.1 Grammatical feature4.1.1Omission①Omission of articles②Omission of auxiliary verbs③Omission of link verbs④Omission of conjunctions (and, but) (comma)⑤Omission of pronouns4.1.2Tense①Simple present tense (freshness and immediacy)②The simple future tense1)Will + verb2)(Be) + infinitive③(Be) + V-ing4.1.3 Punctuation①Colon 冒号②Semicolon 分号③Question mark 问号④Exclamatory mark 感叹号⑤Quotation mark 引号The pyramid styleThe writer puts information in chronological order. The beginning and ending of the story is the very beginning and ending of the news report. This types of writing applies to soft news which is usually long, interesting and full of human touch.The Inverted PyramidThe inverted pyramid is the writing structure used for news stories by most news organizations for print and web journalism. It demands that the writer put information in descending order of importance rather than in chronological order.A brief introduction of UK翻译1.金融泡沫2.风靡一时3.延迟赔偿4.刚刚萌芽的产业5.纠纷地带6.国会听证会7.黄金时期的电视8.远程教育9.死刑10.时尚达人11.布什主义12.国家安全策略13.企业的社会责任14.分级系统15.函授课程16.商会17.批判性思维18.车载娱乐设备19.侦查卫星20.一揽子认股权What are the features of English newspaper headlines ?4.Features of Headlines4.1 Grammatical feature4.1.1Omission①Omission of articles②Omission of auxiliary verbs③Omission of link verbs④Omission of conjunctions (and, but) (comma)⑤Omission of pronouns4.1.3Tense①Simple present tense (freshness and immediacy)②The simple future tense1)Will + verb2)(Be) + infinitive③(Be) + V-ing4.1.3 Punctuation①Colon 冒号②Semicolon 分号③Question mark 问号④Exclamatory mark 感叹号⑤Quotation mark 引号4.2 Lexical features4.2.1 short words 大量选用简短词4.2.2 initial words/acronyms 大量使用缩写词4.2.3 shortened words/abbreviations 节缩词4.2.4 invention words/coinage 生造词4.2.5 Loanwords 外来词4.2.6 Compound or composite words复合词4.3 Rhetorical features4.3.1 Alliteration and rhyme 头韵和尾韵4.3.1.1头韵Starts with S, Ends with Ex (头韵)怎一个“性”字了得 (仿拟)Pei’z Pyramids Puzzle ParisFasting is the fastest diet4.3.1.2尾韵4.3.2 Parody 仿拟4.3.2.1仿拟(谚语)4.3.2.2 Parody 仿拟(典故)4.3.2.3 Parody 仿拟(文学著作)4.3.3 Pun 双关4.3.4 Metaphor 隐喻4.3.5 Antithesis 对比4.3.6 Metonymy 转喻或借代What is inverted pyramid?The inverted pyramid is the writing structure used for news stories by most news organizations for print and web journalism. It demands that the writer put information in descending order of importance rather than in chronological order.Most stories must be written so that readers can get the most information in the least amount of time. The inverted pyramid structure concentrates the most interesting and important information at the top of the story so that readers can get the information they need or want.。