南邮材料化学MC2016-Chapter9-a

Alloy is a composite? Solid solution is a composite? 4 Ceramic is a composite?
Characteristics of composite materials:
1) Made from two or more materials with different properties through macro-or micro-composite to
specific strength and specific modulus, but also
has excellent high temperature performance, can work in high temperature and oxidative atmosphere. Should selecte Ti alloys, Ni alloys and intermetallic compounds as matrix material.
magnesium, titanium) as matrix;
3) inorganic nonmetallic composites: ceramic material (including glass and cement) as matrix.
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复合材料系统组合
分散相 金 属 材 料 金属纤维 金属晶须 金属片材 纤维 无 机 非 金 属 材 料 陶 晶须 瓷 颗粒 玻 纤维 璃 颗粒 碳 纤维/金属基复合材料 晶须/金属基复合材料 弥散强化合金材料 纤维/陶瓷基复合材料 晶须/陶瓷基复合材料 粒子填充塑料 纤维/树脂基复合材料 连续相 金属材料 纤维/金属基复合材料 晶须/金属基复合材料 无机非金属材料 钢丝/水泥复合材料 晶须/陶瓷基复合材料 金属/塑料板 有机高分子材料 增强橡胶
◆ Ceramic-based composite and functional composites
In research stage, there are many scientific and technical problems need to be resolved.
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Design from conventional to bionic
of composite; • Understand the principles of composite materials, including the mixing rule, the role of toughening mechanisms and interfaces.
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Contents
Example 2 Modeled on the structure of abalone shell,
researchers use carbon, aluminum and boron mixed into a thin ceramic strip of 10 μm thickness, the resultant laminated composite is 40% stronger than the matrix. Sensitive to environment Al+BC 13
Example 1 Modeled on bamboo’s strucutre (arrange
from the dense epidermis to the loose inner fiber), successfully prepared new steel-based wear-resistant composite with remarkable texture and performance gradient.
纤维 碳纤维/金属基复合材料 碳纤维/陶瓷基复合材料 碳纤维/树脂基复合材料 炭黑
金属/塑料
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颗粒/橡胶；颗粒/树脂基 纤维/树脂基复合材料
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
有机 有机纤维 高分 塑料 子材 料 橡胶
Development of various composites
◆ FRP (fiber reinforced plastic) and resin-based composites
Chapter 9 Composites
• Grasp the characteristics of composite materials;
• Understanding the types of matrix and
reinforcement, characteristics and requirements
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Schematic illustration of composite constituents
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History of composites
1G: 1940 to 1960, glass fiber reinforced plastic 2G: 1960 to 1980, advanced composite materials
1) polymer matrix composites: organic polymers (thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins and
rubber) as matrix;
2) metal matrix composites: metal (aluminum,
Example 3
Modeled on the characteristics of bone tissue, created the rotor of the wind turbine and helicopter, the outer layer is high stiff and strong carbon fiber composite, the middle is glass fiber reinforced composite, the inner layer is hard foam plastic.
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9.1 Overview of composites
• Three main materials：
金属 – metal 材料 – Inorganic nonmetallic materials – polymer 复 合
• Composites
– Improve the performance or create new property
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9.2 Name and classification of composites
◆ According to the form of reinforcement
1) Fiber-reinforced composite:
continuous fiber
uncontinuous fiber
Glass fiber Carbon fiber Organic fiber Metal fiber Ceramic fiber
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9.3 Matrix of composite
9.3.1 Metal matrix
9.3.1.1 Matrix for structural composites
• Al and alloy, Mg alloy, Ti alloy, Ni alloy, Cu and alloy, Zn alloy, Pb, TiAl and NiAl intermetallic compounds. The choice of matrix should fully combined the reinforcement and get the most excellent overall performance.
9.1 Overview of composite
9.2 Classification of composites
9.3* Matrix of composites 9.4* Reinforcement of composite 9.5* Performance and produce of composites
British scientists developed a carbon fiber in 1965;
DuPont developed the Kevlar49 in 1971; 1975 Advanced Composites, carbon fiber reinforced, and Kevlar fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials " used in aircraft, rockets as the main bearing parts. 3G: 1980 to 1990, carbon fiber reinforced metal matrix composites, mainly aluminum composite. 4G: Since 1990, multi-functional composites, such as smart composites and functionally gradient materials.
form a new type of composite material, has
obvious interface between them; 2) Maximize the characteristics of various materials and has new special features; 3) composite materials are designable.
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① Requirements to metal composite
◆ In aerospace and aviation technology, high specific
strength and specific modulus, and dimensional
stability are the most important performance requirements. ◆ As aircraft and satellite components should select light metal alloys with small density ( Mg alloy and Al
alloy) as matrix, and high strength, high modulus
graphite fibers, boron fibers as reinforcement to prepare composites.
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◆ High performance engine: not only require high
无机 非金属 材料
材 料
有机 高分子 材料
Matrix and reinforcement
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Composite materials are engineered or naturally occurring materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct interface at the macroscopic or microscopic scale within the finished structure.
2) Particles-reinforced composite 3) Flake-reinforced composite
4) Other reinforcement (layer by layer, coating, framework)
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Classes of composites
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◆ According to the matrix
Very mature, have been widely used.
◆ Metal-based composites
of structure materials.
Neither glass nor steel
In developing stage, some have been used as key parts