英语单词中常见词根和重要后缀总结

英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结备注：词根表仅仅作为工具书辅助记忆词汇，请结合考试词汇的中文意思和课堂上老师讲解学习。

acid, acr = sour, sharp act = to act
agogue = leader al, ol, ul = to nourish（滋补，滋养）
alt = high alter, ali = other
am = to love angl, angul = angle（角度）
anim = breath, mind
ann = year anthrop =human
apt = fit （适合的）aqua = water
arm = weapons art = skill, art
aud = to hear aug = to increase, to make,to grow
avi = bird
band, bond = to bind bar = bar
bat = to beat bat , bas = to go
bell = war
bio = life biology biologist
autobiography
semi-autobiography pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis
brev = short cad, cid, cas = to fall
calc = lime camp = field
cand = white , bright cant, chant, cent = to sing
cap = head ，to take ，to catch
car = car , to run carn = flesh
cast = throw cav = hollow
cede, ceed , cess = to go, to yield ceive, cept, cip, cipate = to take
celer = swift cent = hundred
centr = center cern, cret = to separate
cert = sure chron = time
cide , cise = to cut circ , cyc = ring
cite = to call , to urge claim , clam = to cry
clin = to bend clud = to shut
coct = to cook cognis, gnos = to know
commun = common cord = heart
corp = body cosm , cosmo = universe
count = to count cover = to cover
cre, cresc = to make, to grow cred = to believe
crim = accusation, crime crit = to judge
cruc = cross culp = blame, guilt
cult = to till cumb = to lie down
cur, course = to run cure = to take care
cuss = to strike , to shake deb, du = to owe
dei = god dem = people
dent = tooth
例如：dentist 牙医- ist 表示人；dent = tooth
derm, derma, dermat = skin
dic = to proclaim dict, dit = to say
dign = worthy divid, divis = to divide
doc = to teach dom = house
dom = to tame, to rule don, dot, dow = to give
dorm = to sleep dox, dogma = opinion
draw = to draw, to pull drom = to run , course(process) duce, duct = to lead dur = to last
dyn, dynam = power eco = house ego = I , self
electr = electric em, empt = to take, to buy equ = equal
err = to wander, to err ess, est = to be
fa, fabl, fabul = to speak fac, front = face, forehead
fac, fect = to make , to do fare = to go
fend , fest = to strike fer = to carry, to bear, to tolerate
ferv = to boil fess = to speak
fest = festival fict, fig = to feign
fid = to trust figure = to shape , figure(n.), form(n.) fil = thread , to spin fin = to end
fix = to fasten flat = to blow
flect, flex = to bend flict = to strike
flor = flower flu = to flow
foli = leaf form = to form, form ,shape
fort = strong found , fund = base
fract, frag = to break fug = to flee
fuse, found = to pour gam = marriage
gener, gen, gent = to produce, race(n.) ger, gest = to carry
grad, gress = to walk gram , graph = to write
grand = grand grat = to please
grav = heavy gregat = to collect
hab, hibit = to have herb = grass
here, hes = to stick，her = heir
horr = to tremble hum , hom = man
hum = ground hydr = water
hypno = sleep idio = personal, distinct
it = to go
ject , jac = to throw join, junct = to join
journ = day jud = to judge
jur = to swear just, juris = law, right , justice labor = to work laps = to slip, to glide
late = to bring , to bear later = side
lav , lau = to wash lax , lyse = to loosen
lect, leg = to choose , to gather, to read leg = to appoint , to send
leg = law lev = to raise, light (adj.)
liber = free libr, lib = book
lic = to be permitted lig = to bind
lingu = tongue, language liqu = fluid
liter = letter loc = place
log , loqu, locut = to speak long = long
lud = to play lumin = light
lust, luc = bright
magn, maj , max = great manu, man = hand mand, mend = to order , to entrust mari = sea
mark = to mark , boundary matr= mother
mechan = machine med = to heal
medi = middle melan = black
memor = to remember ment = to think , mind(n.) mere = to trade , reward(n.) merge, mers = to sink, to dip meter = to measure migr = to remove , to wander milit = soldier, to fight min = to jut , to project
min = small mir = to wonder, to behold miss, mit = to send, to throw mix = to mix
mod = manner mon = to advise , to remind monstr = to show mor = custom
morph = form mort = death
mount = mountain, to ascend mov, mob, mot = to move muni = service mur = wall
mut = to change myst = mystery
nat = born nau, nav = ship
necro = death, dead nect , nex = to bind
neg = to deny neur , neuro , nerv = nerve neutr = neither nihil = nothing
noc , nox = to harm noct , nox = night
nomin, nom = name norm = rule, norm
not = to mark nounce, nunci = to report
nov = new nul, null = nothing
number, numer = number, to count nutri = to nourish
ocul = eye onym = name
oper = to work , work opt = to wish
opt, opto = eye, sight ora = to speak ,to pray order, ordin = order ori = to rise , to begin
orn = to decorate, to furnish ortho = straight , right
oss, osteo = bone pact = to agree, to fasten
pan = bread par = to prepare
par = equal par = to appear
par = to bear , to give birth to part = a part , to part
pass = to pass passi , pati, path = to suffer, feelings
part = father ped = foot
ped = child pel , puls = to drive
pen ,pun = to punish pend, pens = to hang , to weigh
peri = to go through pet = to fly , to seek
petr, petro = stone, rock phan ,fan = appearance phon = sound ; phe = to speak photo = light (n.)
pict = to paint , picture plac , pleas = to please
plain , plaint = to beat the breast plant = to plant , plant (n.) plaud, plode = to strike, to clap
plen, plete, ple , pli, ply = to fill, full ( adj. )
plore = to flow out ply, pli, ple = to fold
polis = city polit, poli = state, country pon , pound = to put popul, publ = people
port = to carry port = gate
pos = to place , to put potent = powerful
prec = to pray preci = price
preda = prey(n.), to plunder press = to press
prim, prin, prem = first pris, prehend = to seize priv = private (adj.) to deprive proach , proxim = near prob, prov = to test , to try, to examine proper , propri = proper, one’s own
psych, psycho = soul pugn = to fight
punct = to prick pur = pure
purg = to purify pute = to think
quer = to complain qui, quiet = calm , rest(n.) quire, quisit , quest = to seek quit = to free , to release radi = root
radi = ray rap, rav = to snatch
rat , ratio = to reckon , reason (n.) rect = right , straight
reg = to rule , king (n.) rot = wheel (n.) , to turn
rud = raw rupt = to break
sacr , sanct , secr = sacred
sal = salt sal, sult = to leap
sal , san = whole sangui = blood
sat = full scan , scend , scal = to climb
sci = to know scribe , script = to write sect = to cut sed, sess, sid = to sit semin = seed sen = old
sens ,sent = to feel sequ, secut, su = to follow sert = to join, to put serv = to serve, to keep sign = to mark simil, sembl = like(prep.),
same
sinu = curve ,sinus sist , stitut, sta, st = to stand
soci = companion, to associate sol = alone
sol = sun
somn = sleep son =sound
soph = wise ,wisdom sort = kind
spec, spect = to see, to look sper = hope
spers = to scatter spher = ball
spir = to breathe splend = to shine
spond , spons = to promise stell = star
stinct, sting = to prick
string , strict , strain, stress = to draw tight stru, struct = to build suade = to advise sume,sumpt = to take summ = sum, highest sur = sure , secure
tail = to cut tang , tact = to touch
tain , ten, tin = to hold , to keep techn(o) = art , skill
tect = to cover temper = to moderate tempor = time tempt , tent = to try
tend , tens , tent = to stretch tenu = thin
term = boundary terr = earth
terr = to frighten test = witness
text = to weave the(o) = god
thes, thet = to place , to put tim = to fear
ton = tone tort = to twist
tour, torn = to turn tox = poison
tract , treat = to draw tribut = to pay , to bestow trop = to turn trud , trus = to thrust , to push tum = to swell turb = to disturb
ultim = last umbr = shadow
urb = city us , uti = to use
vac, van , void = empty vade = to go
vaga = to wander val , vail = strong , worth var(i) = diverse , to change velop = to wrap
ven , vent = to come ven = vein
venge = to avenge vent = wind
ver = true verb = word
verg = to incline vers, vert = to turn
vest = to clothe , garment
vi , voy = way vict , vinc = to conquer
vid , vis = to see vig , veg = lively
viv = to live voc , voke = to call , voice volve, volut = to roll
vor = to eat
C) 常见的后缀（suffix）
★1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ian, 表示"……地方的人，精通……的人” American, historian
2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,
3)-ant,-ent 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student
4)-ar 表示"……的人” scholar, liar
5)-ard, -art 表示"做……的人”coward
6)-arian 表示"……派别的人，……主义的人”vegetarian
7)-ary 表示"从事……的人" secretary
8)-ate 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator 表示"做……的人" educator
10)-crat 表示"某种政体，主义的支持者" democrat
11)-ee 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee
13)-er 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager
14)-ese 表示" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
15)-ess 表示"阴性人称名词" actress, hostess, manageress
16)-yer 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer
17)-ian 表示"……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”physician(内科医生)，musician
18)-ician 表示"精通者，……家，”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist 表示"……家，…….者, …….能手”physicist
20)-ic 表示"……者，……师" mechanic, critic
21)-ster 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
22)-ier 表示"从事……职业” clothier
23)-ine, ian 表示"阴性人称名词" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist 表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, violinist
25)-ive 表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive
26)-logist 表示"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
★(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood
2)-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al,
a) 表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival
b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence,
difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency
6)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft
8)-cracy, 表示"统治，支配" democracy
9)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
10)-ship
a) 表示技艺，技能，…法，…术
horsemanship, workmanship
b)表示情况，状态，关系，性质
friendship , scholarship , hardship, partnership
c)表示身份，职位，资格
citizenship, membership, professorship, managership
11)-ing, 表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning
12)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion,
expression, correction
13)-ise, 表示"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise
14)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, heroism
15)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment,
16)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
★(3) 带有场所，地方的含义
1)-age, 表示"住所，地点" village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library
3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室,外科)
4)-ory, 表示"场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory
★(4) 带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表示"……学科……论”biology, zo ology, technology,
ecology , geology, biology, psychology , geography
4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy
5)-ery,-ry 表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表示"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy
★(5) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, -ent constant
2)-al signal, pictorial(画报)
3)-ar collar 4)- er computer, washer, cooker
5)-ing clothing 6)-ment instrument, equipment
★(6) 表示“细小”的含义
1)-cle, particle,
2)-cule, molecule(分子)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling,
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
■ 2. 形容词后缀
★（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al natural, additional, educational
3)-an urban, suburban 4)-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent
5)-ar similar, popular, regular
6)-ary military, voluntary
7)-ic, -atic, ical systematic, historic, physical,
8)-ine feminine
9)-ing moving, touching 10)-ish foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive active ,impressive, decisive
12)-ory satisfactory, compulsory
★(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish boyish, childish
2)-esque picturesque
3)-like manlike, childlike
4)-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some troublesome, handsome
6)-y milky
★(3) 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent,
★(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaseous
3)-fic, scientific
★(5) 表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
★(6) 表示“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble
2)-ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
★(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth
★(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese
3)-ish, English, Spanish
★(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
★(10) 表示否定
-less, countless, wireless
★(11) 表示“防…的”
-proof fireproof windproof airproof waterproof rainproof ■ 3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，…化“modernize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” qui cken, weaken, darken, widen, broaden
3)-fy, 表示"使…化, 使成…”beautify, purify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
■ 4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise, counterclockwise。