中科院考博英语详解
中科院考博英语培训资料考题分析
A. way
B. view
C. vision
D. pursuit
This cycle of growth, reached its peak in 1986, when the annual rate of growth was ________ 12 percent. (2019,10)
A. expenses
B. revenues
C. budgets
D. payments
10. His ________ with computers began six months ago. A. imagination B. innovation C. observation D. obsession
A. inadequately B. systematically
C. profoundly
D. simultaneously
2. In fear for their lives and in _________ of their freedom, thousands of enslaved women and children fled to the Northern States on the eve of the American Civil War.
Successful students sometimes become so _________with grades that they never enjoy their school years. (2019,3)
A. passionate
B. involved
C. immersed
A. interrupt
B. bother
2024中科院考博英语
2024中科院考博英语英文回答:The 2024 CAS Doctoral Admissions English Exam is a highly competitive examination that evaluates students' academic abilities in English. To succeed in the exam, applicants should possess strong reading, writing, and analytical skills in the English language. The exam typically consists of five sections:Reading Comprehension: This section tests the ability to understand and interpret written English texts. Candidates may be asked to read passages and answer questions about the main idea, supporting details, and the author's purpose.Vocabulary and Usage: This section assesses the depth and accuracy of vocabulary and usage. Candidates may be asked to complete sentences with the correct word, identify the correct form of a word, or select the best definitionfor a particular word.Grammar: This section covers the essential grammar concepts and rules of English. Candidates may be asked to identify grammatical errors, rewrite sentences with the correct grammar, or answer questions about specific grammatical structures.Writing: This section requires candidates to write an essay or letter that demonstrates their writing skills. Candidates may be asked to argue a point of view, respond to a prompt, or summarize a given text.Oral Interview: This section involves a face-to-face or online interview conducted in English. Candidates may be asked to discuss their research interests, academic background, and other relevant topics.To prepare for the exam, applicants should familiarize themselves with the exam format and content, practice reading and writing in English, and seek guidance from experienced English teachers or tutors. With consistenteffort and preparation, candidates can increase their chances of success in the 2024 CAS Doctoral Admissions English Exam.中文回答:2024 年中科院考博英语考试是一项竞争激烈的考试,旨在评估学生在英语方面的学术能力。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.The computer can be programmed to________a whole variety of tasks.A.assignB.tackleC.realizeD.solve正确答案:B解析:四个选项中,只有tackle(应付,处理,解决)可与task搭配。
2.The team’s efforts to score were________by the opposing goalkeeper.A.frustratedB.preventedC.discouragedD.accomplished正确答案:A解析:frustrate“挫败,破坏”,常与表示“计划、努力、企图”等的名词搭配。
如:The weather frustrated ourplans.天气破坏了我们的计划。
3.I only know the man by________but I have never spoken to him.A.chanceB.heartC.sightD.experience正确答案:C解析:四个词均可与by连用。
其中,by chance表示“偶然地,意外地”; by heart指“熟记”;by sight意为“见过面,面熟,仅熟悉”;by/from experience 是指“凭经验,从经验中”。
从后半句看,显然C项符合要求。
4.Being colour-blind, Sally can’t make a________between red and greeaA.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division正确答案:B解析:make/draw a distinction between是固定搭配,表示“对……加以区别”,为正确答案。
中科院地理所考博英语
中科院地理所考博英语中科院地理所考博英语考试难度较大,主要考察考生的英语阅读理解能力、写作能力以及语言表达能力。
考试内容涵盖了地理学、环境科学、人文地理等多个领域,要求考生具备扎实的英语基础和广泛的知识储备。
具体而言,中科院地理所考博英语的考试题型包括阅读理解、词汇语法、完形填空、翻译和写作等。
阅读理解主要测试考生对英文文献的阅读能力和理解能力,包括对文章主旨、细节和推理等方面的理解。
词汇语法部分主要考察考生的词汇量和语法知识,要求考生能够正确理解和运用英语语法和词汇。
完形填空则测试考生的语言综合运用能力,要求考生在语境中理解和运用词汇和语法。
翻译部分要求考生将英文文献翻译成中文,或者将中文文献翻译成英文,测试考生的语言转换能力。
写作部分则要求考生根据给定的主题,用英文撰写一篇议论文或者说明文,测试考生的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
备考中科院地理所考博英语考试,建议考生从以下几个方面入手:1. 扩大词汇量,掌握语法知识。
建议考生通过阅读英文文献、背单词等方式来增加词汇量,同时熟练掌握英语语法知识,避免在考试中出现语法错误。
2. 提高阅读理解能力。
建议考生多读英文文献,尤其是地理学、环境科学和人文地理等方面的专业文献,以提高阅读理解能力和信息筛选能力。
3. 练习翻译技巧。
建议考生多进行英汉互译练习,掌握一些常用的翻译技巧和方法,提高语言转换能力。
4. 加强写作训练。
建议考生多写英文文章,尤其是议论文和说明文,通过不断的练习提高语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
5. 熟悉考试形式和题型。
建议考生在备考过程中熟悉考试形式和题型,了解考试要求和评分标准,以便更好地制定备考计划和策略。
总之,中科院地理所考博英语考试需要考生具备扎实的英语基础和广泛的知识储备,同时也需要考生具备一定的应试技巧和策略。
通过科学合理的备考计划和努力,相信考生能够取得优异的成绩。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Reading Comprehension 2. Structure and V ocabulary 3. Cloze 4. Chinese-English Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionAs Texas begins to recover from two weeks of devastating storms, a generally hidden truth about its economy will come to light again, Most of the builders and electricians who will have to repair the houses, remake the roads and re-establish the electrical power lines will have to take on undocumented workers in order to meet their contracts. In 1996 the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (INS) conservatively estimated that Texas had over 600000 undocumented immigrants doing the jobs no one else wants: hauling carcasses in packing plants, picking fruit, cleaning hotel rooms, or sorting out the unspeakable damage caused by natural disasters. Mention the issue of these workers to a Texan, and he is liable to fall uncharacteristically silent. Even state legislators avoid the issue. They know that many of their constituents employ undocumented workers. They also know that the booming Texas economy is driven in part by the ready supply of cheap, diligent, illegal labour. Dallas is one magnet for undocumented workers. The city’s politicians oppose INS crackdowns fearing they will damage the local economy and bankrupt small companies. Houston is another. There a dawn drive past some of the city’s 36 informal day-labour sites shows the size of the undocumented workforce. Young Mexicans wait on the pavement, ready to jump into the back of any pick-up truck that slows down to take them. Houston police estimate that over 150,000 labourers, about 85% of them undocumented, gather every day in search of a job. It is a testament to the vitality of the Texas economy that most of them get hired usually to mix cement and shift bricks. No questions are asked, no papers signed. Most workers do not even know their employers name. They are paid in cash, around 40 dollars a day while the average American earns more than twice as much.1.According to the passage, the presence of immigrant workers in Texas ______.A.is seen as a problem by local authoritiesB.is tolerated given that it helps the local economyC.can be considered evidence of the failing economyD.is a source of racial conflict正确答案:B解析:从文章第2段可知,得克萨斯人对移民工人倾向于保持沉默,避而不谈,并没有把他们看作一个问题,而且得克萨斯州的经济增长一部分依赖于这些非法的移民工人为之工作,所以选2.Some of the jobs that the illegal immigrants do as mentioned in the article include the following ______.A.harvesting crops, working in hotels, repairing roads and packaging meatB.harvesting crops, managing restaurants, cleaning roads and packaging meat C.rebuilding homes, picking apples, cleaning roads and cutting meatD.repairing power lines, working in hotels, and working in parks正确答案:A解析:在文章第1段中有2处提到非法移民工人在Texas都做些什么工作,由此分析4个选项。
中科院考博英语2023年4月
【中科院考博英语2023年4月】1. 文章概述中科院考博英语作为考生考取中科院硕士和博士学位的必修科目之一,是一项重要的考试内容。
2023年4月份的考博英语考试将围绕着学术英语能力进行测验,考察考生在阅读、写作、听力和口语等方面的综合能力。
本文将从阅读、写作、听力和口语四个方面对2023年4月份中科院考博英语进行详细分析。
2. 阅读部分2.1 阅读材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语阅读部分的材料将涉及科技、环境、社会等多个领域的专业文献,考生需要在规定的时间内对这些文献进行阅读和理解。
2.2 阅读能力要求考生需要具备仔细阅读和快速理解文献的能力,对文中的关键信息和观点进行判断和分析。
考生还需要具备批判性思维,对文中的观点和论证进行评价和推理。
3. 写作部分3.1 写作题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语写作部分将涵盖议论文和科技报告两种题型。
考生需要根据提供的题目和材料进行逻辑思考,构建清晰的逻辑结构,并用准确、丰富的词汇和句型表达自己的观点。
3.2 写作能力要求考生需要具备清晰的逻辑思维能力和表达能力,写作需要具有较高的规范性和学术性。
考生需要具备科技文献的写作水平,能够准确描述实验方法和结果,提出科学性的观点和建议。
4. 听力部分4.1 听力材料2023年4月份中科院考博英语听力部分将涉及科技、医学、环境等多个领域的专业讲座和学术讨论,考生需要在规定时间内理解和评述这些内容。
4.2 听力能力要求考生需要具备较高的听力理解能力,能够抓住讲座和讨论中的核心观点和信息,理解并带有一定反应能力。
5. 口语部分5.1 口语题型2023年4月份中科院考博英语口语部分将采用独白和对话两种形式,考生需要在规定时间内对所听到的内容进行回答和评述。
5.2 口语能力要求考生需要具备流利的口语表达能力和准确的语音语调,对所听到的内容进行准确理解并做出适当的回答。
6. 总结与建议6.1 考生备考建议考生在备考中应注重积累科技、医学、环境等多个领域的英语词汇和表达方式,提高听力理解和口语回答的能力。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Reading Comprehension 2. Cloze 3. Structure and V ocabulary 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingReading ComprehensionCities develop as a result of functions that they can perform, some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furnishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much more important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation: it is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transportation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the world’s finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity. Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York City’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade mutes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors. Among the many aspects of Situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors am normally more significant in early stages of city development than later.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.The development of trade mutes through United States citiesB.Contrasts in settlement patterns in United StatesC.Historical differences among three large United States citiesD.The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities正确答案:D解析:很显然,文章主要讲述的是地理位置对美国城市发展的重要性。
中国科学院考博英语-7
中国科学院考博英语-7(总分:99.50,做题时间:90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数:20,分数:11.50)1.Awards provide a(n) ______ for young people to improve their skills.(分数:0.50)A.incentive √B.initiativeC.fugitiveD.captive解析:incentive刺激,诱因,动机;initiative主动,首创精神,进取心,如:take the initiative(采取主动);fugitive逃亡者;captive指“俘虏”。
根据句子大意,正确选项应是incentive。
2.While he was in Beijing, he spent all his time ______ some important museums and buildings. (分数:0.50)A.visiting √B.travelingC.watchingD.touting解析:[解析] visit指“访问,参观、拜访人、参观地方或事物的行为或例子”。
如I visited museums and sat in public gardens.我参观了博物馆,还在公园里坐过。
travel和tour表示“旅行”;watch意为“观看,注视”。
因此,根据句意应选A。
3.The profession fell into ______, with some physicists sticking to existing theories, while others came up with the big-bang theory.(分数:0.50)A.harmonyB.turmoil √C.distortionD.accord解析:[解析] 句子的大意为:这个领域陷入了混乱:一些物理学家坚持现有的理论,而另一些则提出了大爆炸理论。
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.The judge remained sober despite the lawyer’s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant’s innocence.A.sadB.sorryC.seriousD.surprised正确答案:C解析:本题中,sober的意思是“冷静的,镇定的”。
C项serious“严肃的,认真的”符合题意,如:This is a serious political story,not an entertainment.(这是一个严肃的政治故事,不是供消遣的。
)sad“伤心的”,sorry“抱歉的”,surprised “惊讶的”都不正确。
知识模块:词汇2.To be a successful criminal, one must be______.A.empiricalB.emigrantC.elegantD.elusive正确答案:D解析:本题是说一个人要成为成功的罪犯,必须容易被忘记。
D项elusive “难懂的,易忘的”符合题意。
其他三项empirical“经验主义的”,emigrant“移民的”,elegant“文雅的”都不正确。
知识模块:词汇3.Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a______.A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage正确答案:B解析:in minority“占少数”与Most nurses are women相对应。
中科院博士入学考试英语阅读技巧
细节事实题
• 2. So what can a ―leisure adviser‖ do for him—or, increasingly, her? The basic task is to change attitudes, and gradually to introduce him to various leisure activities. A good start is to persuade him that holidays are a ―psychological investment‖, and that it is perfectly feasible to combine business with pleasure.(1999.3)
句子中的标点符号的作用
• 引号:一种是引用别人观点,其作用要么 是作为支持的观点,要么作为批判的对象; 另一种是说反话,表示反语。
句子中的标点符号的作用
• 括号:括号内的内容起补充说明或解释词 义的作用。 • The day before one of my midterm history exams I still hadn‘t found time to read the first book on the reading list. (That, of course, is a very common disease at Harvard.)(附加,补充)
细节事实题
• 3. The new 100-page analysis reviews and synthesizes the findings of a host of published studies and field trials on rice production and associated pesticiderelated health effects. IRRI‘s report indicates that both farmers and the riceresearch community exaggerate the threat that rice pests pose-while largely ignoring the costs, both to health and the pocketbook, of pesticide application.
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)
中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷30(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1.This is only a______agreement: nothing serious concluded yet by far.A.tentativeB.localC.decisiveD.kidding正确答案:A解析:形容词词义辨析。
tentative“试验性的,尝试的,暂定的”;local“地方的,当地的”;decisive“决定性的”;kidding“戏弄的,玩笑的”。
题中所填的词修饰的是agreement,后文中对这个协议做了说明:真正的还未达成。
显然所填的词应当与“真正的”表达的意思相反。
故答案为A。
2.Some workers in the nuclear power station were exposed to high levels of______.A.radiationB.cancerC.microwavesD.high temperature正确答案:A解析:名词词义辨析。
radiation“辐射,放射线,放射物”;cancer“癌症”;microwaves“微波”;hightemperature“高温”。
根据句中the nuclear power station 提供的语境,只有radiation符合句意。
故答案为A。
3.A______refers to an animal that is born from its mother’s body, not form an egg, and drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.A.mammothB.penguinC.mosquitoD.mammal正确答案:D解析:上下文语义。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:49
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, professional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. (1) Groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgment or will of their own. They become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, and they are subject to sudden accesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. (2) The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness.Unlike the masses, intellectuals have a taste for rationality and an interest in facts. Their critical habit of mind makes them resistant to the kind of propaganda that works so well on the majority. Intellectuals are the kind of people who demand evidence and are shocked by logical inconsistencies and fallacies. (3) They regard over-simplification as the original sin of the mind and have no use for the slogans, the unqualified assertions and sweeping generalizations which are the propagandist’s stock in trade. Philosophy teaches us to feel uncertain about the things that seem to us self-evident. (4) Propaganda, on the other hand, teaches us to accept as self-evident matters about which it would be reasonable to suspend our judgment or to feel doubt. The propagandist must therefore be consistently dogmatic. All his statements are made without qualification. (5) There are no grays in his picture of the world; everything is either diabolically black or celestially white. He must never admit that he might be wrong or that people with a different point of view might be even partially right. Opponents should not be argued with; they should be attacked, shouted down, or, if they become too much of a nuisance, liquidated. The morally squeamish intellectual may be shocked by this kind of thing. But the masses are always convinced that right is on the side of the active aggressor.”【答案】【参考译文】(1)群体具有与其组成成员同等水平的道德和智慧;然而人群是混乱的,没有自己的目标,除了理智的行动和现实的思考之外,它什么都能做。
中科院考博英语培训资料考题分析
01
Overview of the PhD English Exam
To evaluate the ability of candidates to conduct academic research in an English speaking environment, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking.
Subordinate clauses
Questions ask students to analyze and understand suborder clauses, including related clauses, advisory clauses, etc
Students should analyze the context of the presence or paragraph to determine the correct meaning and usage of a word or phrase
Fill in the blank questions: These questions ask students to fill in the missing word or phrase based on the context of the sentence
Analysis of vocabulary and grammar question types
Translation from English to Chinese: This type of question requires candidates to translate English materials into Chinese, testing their language comprehension and translation skills
中科院考博英语词汇讲义解读
• bother: to annoy, worry, or cause problems for (someone) The heat was beginning to bother him, so he sat down. • If something or someone interferes with a situation or a process, it spoils it or prevents its advancement: • Even a little noise interferes with my concentration. • intervene: to become involved intentionally in a difficult situation in order to change it or improve it, or prevent it from getting worse The superpowers began to intervene in local struggles in Africa.
意近真题总结
• 5. Sophisticated equipment, white coats and medical ___serve to make most lay people feel ignorant and less important. (06/10) • A. jargon B. accent • C. dialect D. idiom • 16. At first the university refused to purchase the telescope, but this decision was _____ revised. (06/03) • A. consecutively B. consequently • C. successively D. subsequently
最新中科院考博英语 培训资料 考博词汇讲学课件
they run with small quick steps, in a playful or frightened way • The children scampered off into the garden. • tamper: to touch or change something without permission • Don't tamper with the boiler.
water. • persist: If an unpleasant feeling or situation persists, it
continues to exist; to try to do or continue doing something in a determined but often unreasonable way • The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. • resist: to refuse to accept or be changed by something • He tried to run away from the police and was charged with resisting arrest. • insist: to state or demand forcefully, especially despite opposition • She insisted on seeing her lawyer.
中科院博士学位英语
中科院博士学位英语【1】博士学位英语的重要性在当今全球化时代,英语作为国际通用语言,在我国科研领域具有重要地位。
博士学位英语不仅是攻读博士学位的基本要求,也是提升个人综合素质、拓宽国际视野、促进学术交流的关键因素。
对于中科院博士生来说,掌握英语更是不可或缺的能力。
【2】中科院博士学位英语考试概述中科院博士学位英语考试主要测试考生在学术语境下的英语听、说、读、写能力。
考试内容包括听力、阅读、翻译、写作等部分。
为保证考试的公平性和专业性,中科院博士学位英语考试采用与国际接轨的题型和评分标准。
【3】备考中科院博士学位英语的建议1.制定合理的学习计划:根据自己的实际情况,合理安排学习时间,确保每天都有一定的学习时长。
2.夯实基础知识:加强词汇、语法、句型等英语基本功的训练,为学术英语打下坚实基础。
3.注重实践:通过参加英语角、与外国学者交流等方式,提高口语表达和听力理解能力。
4.扩大阅读面:阅读英文专业文献、学术论文,培养学术阅读和写作能力。
5.模拟测试:定期进行模拟考试,了解自己的薄弱环节,有针对性地进行改进。
【4】提高英语能力的实用技巧1.充分利用网络资源:搜索并订阅英语学习网站或APP,跟随课程学习,提高英语水平。
2.建立英语学习小组:与志同道合的朋友一起学习,相互督促、共同进步。
3.制定奖惩制度:为自己设定学习目标和奖励措施,提高学习积极性。
4.坚持每天学习:养成良好的学习习惯,持之以恒,必有收获。
【5】总结掌握英语对于中科院博士生至关重要。
通过制定合理的学习计划、夯实基础知识、注重实践、扩大阅读面和模拟测试等方法,有望提高英语水平。
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2005年3月试题详解21.A22. D23. A24C25. B26.A27.C28.B29.C30D31.C32.C33.B34C35.A36.B37.B38A39.D40.A第三部分完形填空:体育锻炼会不会成为坏事?在壁球或军事训练过程之中或者之后的体力消耗过大造成的猝死并非闻所未闻,甚至训练有素的马拉松运动员都难免会得致命的心脏病。
但是没有人知道到底这些猝死与体育锻炼联系有多么普遍。
对于猝死这样的例子的记录和调查非常零碎;只有全国性的调查才能决定体育锻炼中猝死的准确发生率。
但是,医学界的看法倾向于支持体育锻炼,无论对于正在康复的心脏病患者还是对于一般的懒人。
体育锻炼可以通过降低每次既定运动强度心脏所需要的供氧量来帮助心脏病患者:使得患者在出现胸痛(显示缺氧的征兆)时,已经比以前做了更多的运动。
问题是,在进行剧烈运动前,是不是中年人尤其应该做检查看是否有心脏病的迹象呢?大多数体育锻炼中出现的猝死都是由致命的心脏不规则跳动引起的,经常出现在未经诊断的冠心病患者当中。
在北美,35岁以上的人都被建议做体检甚至做一个锻炼心电图。
总的来说,英国人认为所有这些体检都是没有必要的。
毕竟,没有多少人死于体育锻炼,况且心电图是出了名的不准。
然而,位于格拉斯哥维多利亚医院的两位心脏病学专家主张40岁以上的人或者已经有冠心病征兆的年轻一些的人应该做动态心电图来排查。
他们说,心电图显示特别不正常的个人有10~20倍的危险会发展成为冠心病或者是猝死。
解析:本文大约300个词,主要探讨体育锻炼与猝死是否有必然联系。
41.D42.B43D44.C45.A46.B47.:B48.:D49.:D50.:A51.:C52.:A53.:C54.:C55.:D第四部分阅读理解第一篇:译文:我第一次见到撒马尔罕是在一座横穿于荒地的小山上。
这片满是废墟和坟墓的荒地正处于机场和小山之间。
忽然,我们瞥见在苍穹之下、绿荫花园之中的彩色塔楼,以及清真寺和坟墓那巨大的蓝色圆顶。
在花园和熠熠生光的圆顶后,依然可见巍峨的青山和山峰上的皑皑白雪。
我再次体验到从叙利亚横穿沙漠第一次见到大马士革时的那种激动。
同样的阳光、同样的果园、同样的树木,但更深的是那种和史上最令人震惊的文化进行交流的感觉,仿佛进入一个只有真主和先知穆罕默德世界,这个世界完全慑服了我。
然而我对撒马尔罕的最深刻的印象却是基于一件平凡小事。
行程的最后一个晚上,我们在返城的路上遇见了一些奇异的榆树。
我停下脚步,细细地观察起来。
导游告诉我,这些榆树可能有上千年的树龄,比成吉思汗还要年代久远。
远处,一些塔吉克族的小孩正赶着一群肥羊慢慢地往回走着。
321年前,我的祖先踏上好望角时,看到一个哈腾脱人也正放牧着这样的肥羊。
远处,从城里清真寺和尖塔清晰地传来祷告的钟声。
我没有想到还会有祷告的钟声,更出人意料的是有些钟声传自高音喇叭。
这时树林里走出一位骑着毛驴的老者,他爬下驴,在地上铺开一块祷告垫,面向麦加跪下,开始祷告。
离开撒马尔罕,我又来到曾是中亚圣城的布哈拉。
这里曾经拥有上百所宗教学校和近四百座清真寺。
曾有无数不同种族的冒险者慕名而来,马可波罗便是其中之一。
而他们中并不是所有人都如愿以偿到达布哈拉。
这个曾是世界上最富有的集市之一的布哈拉现在已是大不相同。
人们在这里交易的不再是奴隶、黄金、丝绸和绿松石,取而代之的是冰激凌、手表、批量生产的饰品和碳酸饮料。
400多座清真寺中只有为数不多的几座存留了下来,其他的都消失毁灭了,没有留下任何遗迹。
解析:56.答案是:D57.答案是:D58.答案是:A59.答案是:C60.答案是:B61.答案是:C第二篇:译文:健康人格最早发育的方面是信任感。
和人格其他方面一样,信任感的发育和其他生长现象彼此相关。
“信任感”并不是指婴儿学会如何使用肢体进行各种有目的的活动,学会识别周围的人和物,从而逐渐形成一种信任感。
“信任感”这个概念是用来简单概括在这个年龄阶段令婴幼儿满意的各种经历的特征。
对患有精神疾病的个体的研究和对缺乏关爱的婴儿的观察表明,信任感是健康人格中形成较早的并至关重要的一个因素。
精神病医生经常发现,在婴儿时期被极度忽视、虐待或是剥夺关爱的病患往往病情最为严重。
人们通过观察在缺乏关爱的公共机构中成长或被转到缺乏完善心理治疗设备的医院接受治疗的婴儿,也证实了这些发现。
近期一篇报告报道,“不足5个月的婴儿,如果被送往某个公共机构居住一段时间,便会明显表现一些症状。
最突出的是情绪低落、行动相对迟缓、安静、睡眠较差,并面带愁容等。
”在另一项调查中,将6~12个月大的婴儿和母亲隔离开来,并不代以恰当的关爱,调查结果和前文报告中所述类似。
在这个观点中至关重要的是,这些症状最容易出现在与母亲关系良好但又被分开的6~12个月的婴儿身上;而那些与母亲关系本不是很好的婴儿与母亲分离后,并不会因此而表现上述症状。
正是在这个年龄阶段,对世界的信任与不信任之间的斗争达到了高潮,因为正是在这个阶段,孩子们第一次清楚认识到自己和周围环境是分离的。
本是幸福的婴儿对分离的这种极度反应表明他们曾有的一种信任被粉碎了。
在多数原始社会以及现代社会的某些地方,受到关爱的婴儿更能适应自然发展。
在整个婴儿时期,婴儿在一种人们随时愿意喂食、抚弄、安慰的环境中成长。
此外,这些关爱行为是本能的、全心全意的,并不同于这个科学时代的许多羞涩、缺乏安全感的年轻母亲的那种紧张、焦虑。
然而,我们不能将此夸大。
在我们这个社会中,多数婴儿还是能够得到微笑和关怀的。
当他们的躯体越来越强壮时,他们除了能从更多的感官反应和电动玩具中获得快乐之外,还可以从母亲那得到鼓励。
心理学家告诉我们,母亲并不是通过使用某些技术方法培养孩子的信任感,而是通过对孩子的需求做出敏感反应和自身的整体态度来培养信任感。
解析:62.:A63.:D64.:A65.:B66.:D67.:D68.:C第三篇:译文:最近我在电视上看到一则空气杀菌剂的新产品产告。
一名女子站在厨房里,朝着面前的空地喷洒空气杀菌剂,就好像在用梅斯喷射一个想象中的攻击者一样。
她看起来毅然决然。
在大家还只是满足于用有香型的抗菌海绵、餐具洗涤剂、洗手液和电话擦拭绵纸时,这名女子却要给空气杀菌。
作为一个学微生物的,我觉得这种行为极为荒唐。
和其他人一样,这个女子是成千上万个细菌寄居的载体。
从重量上来看,细菌构成她肠内物质的三分之一。
在她洗澡时,如果你偷偷溜进去——不过,从广告中我对她的总体印象来看,我并不建议这样做——悄悄舀一汤勺她脚下的积水,你就会发现其中有约8 200亿个细菌。
细菌是无处不在,不可避免的——而且往往是无害的——是我们不可缺少的一部分。
对于一个无菌家庭的幻想不仅可笑,而且也毫无意义。
如果不是和年迈的老人,或是未满6个月的婴儿,或是病患共处一室的话,台面上、门把上,或是汤勺上的几百个细菌并不构成对人体健康的危害。
那些能引起食物中毒,真正危害普通家庭的细菌,需要成倍繁殖,达到数百万个,才能影响人体的免疫系统,并引发病症。
普通引起食物中毒的细菌需要在潮湿的环境中,在室温下繁殖4~5个小时,然后才能在人体食用后引发中毒。
如果你担心食物中毒的话,最好的预防方法便是使用冰箱。
如果你没有习惯食用存放很长时间的腐质食物的话,你大可不必害怕细菌。
病毒却不大一样。
人们只需感染少量病毒便会患上感冒或流感。
而且病毒可在物体表面存活好几天。
因此从理论上讲,对物体表面进行消毒可以减少受感染的几率。
但在实践中,情况并不完全一样。
哥伦比亚看护学院的伊莱恩·莱森博士进行的一项研究对家用消毒产品的有效性提出了质疑。
她将纽约224户人家随机地分成两组。
每个家庭里都有至少一名学龄前儿童。
其中一组的实验对象使用抗菌的清洁、洗熨和洗手产品。
另一组则使用普通产品。
在48周内,研究人员从感冒、流感和食物中毒的7个病症对两组实验对象进行监控——监控结果实质上是一样的。
哥芭博士的研究表明,一个活跃的成年人每30分钟平均接触300个物体表面。
人们不可能完全消灭细菌,否则会患上强迫症。
所以我们每天只需用香皂和清水洗几次手就够了。
解析:69.:A70.:C71.:B72.:B73.:A74. D75.:A第四篇:译文:直到最近,明尼阿波利斯的诺斯中学的走廊里才摆上了自动售货机。
学生们可以像国内其他中学生一样,从这种自动售货机上购买苏打水和其他甜味饮料。
但由于儿童肥胖率急速上升,明尼阿波利斯学区对汽水的推广担忧不已。
学区一方面需要设法保障与可口可乐公司的有利销售合同,一方面又得引导孩子饮用更健康的饮料。
诺斯中学的校长助理布赖恩·贝斯迎难而上,来解决这一问题。
诺斯中学共有自动售货机16台。
布赖恩在12台机器中摆放有每瓶售价75美分的饮用水,3台机器中摆放有售价1美元的果汁和运动饮料,只有一台机器售软饮料,价格为每罐1美元25美分。
“我们将售水机摆在楼外的有利位置。
这样,当你走出教室时,你一眼就能看到售水机,”贝斯说。
“我们还决定允许学生将水带进教室,但果汁和汽水是禁止带进教室的。
”结果如何呢?两年内通过自动售货机盈利几乎翻了三倍,从4 500美元增长到11 000美元。
现在自动售货机已经进入使用期的第三年。
贝斯说:“饮用水已变得很‘酷’了。
”诺斯中学的成功证实了许多肥胖专家和父母们的理论:如果有获取途径和动力的话,孩子们会学会如何选择健康的食品和饮料。
“价格是很大的促进因素。
”明尼苏达州立大学学龄儿童肥胖预防专家西蒙妮·弗兰奇说道。
她很赞赏诺斯中学的做法,但她认为问题在于如何将这种做法推广到全社会。
“肥胖是儿童所面临的最大的健康问题。
我们需要加倍努力,解决这个问题。
”上周国会授权医学学会拟写的长达460页关于“预防儿童肥胖”的行动计划中粗略讲述了如何进一步解决肥胖问题的方法。
艾默利大学的杰弗里·科普兰主持的该计划首次全面看待儿童肥胖问题,并首次提出政府、企业、学校、社区、家庭和医生应如何减少肥胖所带来的负面影响。
“我认为该计划和1964年第一份美国公共卫生部部长颁布的‘吸烟与健康报告’的重要性是相当的,”科普兰说道。
自那份里程碑式的文件之后,香烟包装上必须印有健康提示,电视上也禁止播放香烟广告。
76. B77:C78.:A79.:C80.:A第五篇:译文:数十年来,许多曾参与大气核试验的美国老兵一直在思考,这种核辐射能否最终导致他们的死亡。
1976年,一位退役军人声称1957年的一系列核试验的核辐射致使他患上了白血病。
自此,美国老兵的这种个人恐惧演变成为一个公共问题。
这些原子老兵,及其家人、研究人员和决策人员一直在努力寻求一个确定的答案。
但是这绝非易事,至少从某些方面来说是这样。
因为有一项关键信息是很难获取的,那就是每个个体所受辐射的多少。