雅思写作语法全讲解
雅思写作语法大全
英语语法大全学习提纲一、词类、句子成分和构词法：1、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：boy， morning, bag, ball，class， orange.2、代词（pron。
）：主要用来代替名词.如:who， she, you, it 。
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。
如:good， right， white， orange .4、数词（num。
)：表示数目或事物的顺序。
如：one， two, three， first， second, third， fourth.5、动词（v。
）: 表示动作或状态。
如:am， is，are，have，see .6、副词(adv.）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等.如：now， very,here, often, quietly， slowly。
7、冠词(art。
)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。
如：a, an， the.8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。
如in, on， from，above, behind。
9、连词(conj。
）：用来连接词、短语或句子。
如and, but， before .10、感叹词（interj。
.）表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。
如：oh， well， hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么"。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么）”.主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans theroom every day. (杰克每天打扫房间）3、表语在系动词之后，说明主语的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
雅思写作语法宾语从句讲解
雅思写作语法宾语从句讲解宾语从句是雅思写作中非常常用的另一种句型。
它一般用来提出观点。
以宾语从句句型在雅思写作中都常常用到为了让大家掌握并灵活使用，下面是小编为您收集整理的雅思写作语法讲解：宾语从句，供大家参考!雅思写作语法讲解：宾语从句1 Some people think that2 Some people believe that3 Some people do believe that4 Some people do strongly believe that5 Some people hold that6 Some people point out that7 Some people insisit that8 Some people maintain that9 Some peopel argue that10 Some people contend that11 Some people deem that12 Some peopel are convinced that13 Some people are fully convinced that14 Some people are firmly convinced that15 Some people take it for granted that16 We should admit that17 Nobody can deny that18 Some people agree that19 Some people conclude that20 Some people assert that雅思写作的六种经典错误一. 不一致(disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等.例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to .(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为：once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 雅思写作与口语经典素材之朋友二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末.三. 句子不完整(sentence fragments)在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .剖析：本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.改为：when i was ten, my grandfather died.例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语“to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚.改为：to do well in college, a student needs good grades.五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.例1. none can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。
雅思作文语法
一．雅思作文实战语法5种句子成分：主语It is obvious that wearing uniforms makes school life monotonous.谓语宾语定语状语补语（mainly 宾补in IELTS writing）Verb + noun+noun/ adj.Find/ make/ render例句The graduates find the job market frustrating because of the economic recession.Some individuals are concerned the Internet will make/ renderinternational tourism obsolete.同位语(名词后面跟一个短语，解释说明这个名词)*Shopping, a necessary part of life, is increasingly time-consuming due to multiplied options available to consumers.*Job satisfaction, a very important part of an employee’s sense of wellbeing, can be promoted in most jobs.3种句子：简单句：并列句：主谓宾+主谓宾——and/ but/ or复杂句：主谓宾+主谓宾——更复杂的连词表示不同的关系NOTE：写好最基础的复杂句7种需要避免的错误1.Employee can benefit more from telecommuting thanemployer.2.*Work at home using modern technology can greatlyenhance our efficiency.*The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve.*In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar.3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers.4. *Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globolisation may create.Reason for…/ solution to…* The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. Some people think the Internet only has positive impact, other people think it also has negative influence on our lives.7. There are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.6种特殊句式1）句首状语提前2）句中插入短语*Attitude, after all, is essential for a student’s academic performance.Feeling about one’s job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life, and because of this, job satisfaction is indeed very important.3）倒装句4）强调句It is the suits that make a chi-pao special.It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists.5）虚拟语气6）Be+of+抽象名词常跟的抽象名词有：Use/ importance/ help/ value/ interest/ significance/ necessity/ quality等。
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结
雅思写作逻辑关系词用法总结写作是雅思考试的重要组成部分之一，掌握使用适当的逻辑关系词能够使文章结构更加清晰有序，逻辑关系更加紧密。
本文将总结一些常用的雅思写作逻辑关系词及其用法。
1. 表示因果关系的逻辑关系词因果关系是写作中常用的一种逻辑关系，以下是一些常用的表示因果关系的逻辑关系词。
首先，表示因果关系的逻辑关系词有"because"，"since"，"as"，"due to"等。
例如："Because of the heavy rain, I couldn't go to the party."（因为下大雨，我无法去参加派对。
）此外，也可以使用"so"，"thus"，"therefore"等逻辑关系词表示结果。
例如："He didn't study for the test, so he failed."（他没有为考试复习，所以他失败了。
）2. 表示递进关系的逻辑关系词递进关系是指一个观点或事实进一步加强了之前的观点或事实。
以下是一些常用的表示递进关系的逻辑关系词。
首先是"moreover"，"furthermore"，"in addition"等。
例如："Moreover, the study also showed that regular exercise can improve mental health."（此外，这项研究还表明定期运动可以改善心理健康。
）另外，可以使用"not only... but also"这一结构来表达递进关系。
例如："Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French."（他不仅英语讲得流利，还会说法语。
雅思写作语法全讲解.
Crack Your Grammar Puzzles Once And For All从5.5-6到6.5-7的变化前言雅思写作的低分可能是多方面原因的结果，包括词汇量有限，对题目内容没有想法，字体太丑，甚至人品太糟以至遇到了考官前天晚上和媳妇某方面不和谐！但是不管是哪个原因，写作的基本要求就是能写出正确和有逻辑的单句或复合句。
本课程的目标是为了拯救在语法部分挣扎折磨的考生。
你们也许已经重复了好多次系统语法的学习，各种复杂语法现象。
可是，你从来不知道那些语法书的内容是native speakers都看不懂的。
你报的高价班可能给你安排了基础语法课程。
可是，你从来不知道语法课的老师从来没想过好好教你，因为Ta觉得你无可救药，讲什么你都不懂，与其从你的角度来分析弱点，还不如把用了几百年的课件再讲一遍。
终于，我来了。
我通过批改几千份学生作业，挑选最具普遍性的语法错误，让你通过别人犯过的错误来提醒自己不要如此低级，从而保证自己的语法正确度。
我们能培养你母语一样的语法能力！目录第一章：主语错误 (2)第二章谓语动词错误 (7)2.1 缺少谓语(常见的情况是误用介词或者形容词当作动词) (8)2.2 太多动词造成谓语混乱 (9)2.3 时态问题 (12)2.4被动错误 (14)2.5情态动词使用错误 (16)2.6对Be动词毫无感情 (17)第三章修饰名词的错误 (20)3.1 第一种类型：形容词+名词 (22)3.2 第二种类型：名词(介词短语) (23)3.3 第三种类型：名词(定语从句) (24)第四章：比较级和最高级错误 (26)第五章：名词的错误 (29)第六章：从句的基本错误 (34)6.1 在前面的章节里我们已经讨论过了名词被修饰的情况。
其中一种方法就是使用定语从句来修饰名词。
这一节里，我们来看三个定语从句最基本的位置和形式。
(35)6.2. 从句经常出现没有主语的情况 (40)6.3. 经常出现的主句没主语的现象 (40)6.4. 从句之间标点错误 (41)第一章：主语错误出错可能：五颗星错误程度：低级到考官想弄死你俗话说得好：万事开头难！很多同学的写作和口语难以提高，主要问题就在于对一个完整句子的主语形式不够了解。
托福雅思写作高分语法规则
托福雅思写作高分语法规则规则1修饰语（描述事物的单词或短语）应靠近其修饰的单词或短语。
示例：Purchased last week, the new preparation materials helped the student study.常见错误：Purchased last week, the student studied with her new preparation materials.规则2确保代词指代一个特定的名词，并与其指代名词的单数或复数形式保持一致。
示例：The professor is a favorite at the university, but he is now taking a semester off.常见错误：The professor is a favorite at the university, but they were now taking a semester off.规则3牢记句子主语，确保主语始终与动词保持一致。
示例：Each of the authors involved in writing the book was a sociologist.常见错误：Each of the authors involved in writing the book were sociologists.规则4当一个句子中存在两个或多个并列成分时，应使用同类语法形式。
示例：The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and appeared enthusiastic.常见错误：The teacher thought he was a good student because he turned in his papers on time, tested well on exams and his enthusiasm was high.规则5当主语是动作的执行者时，选择主动语态（而非被动语态）。
雅思写作最全讲义分析整理版
Topics of Task 2 （2008～2009.11.21)一、教育（共25题，占%）1.In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (08.01.26)不同意：中学教育是一个重要的德育阶段，如果在这个时候中断，带来的不仅仅是失业这样的问题，还有青少年犯罪等社会问题vital stage for moral education. If it was interrupted, numerous of social problem/headaches may create as juvenile delinquency. (正如马克吐温说：你每关闭一所学校，你就必须开设一座监狱。
Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail ）教育能够帮助培养个人素质；提高劳动力的素质，从而提高生产效率，推动社会发展，从根本上解决失业的问题。
do a favor to/be beneficial（advantageous, preferable) to personal quality, enhance/boost/promote the quality of the labor force, thereby increase production efficiency, social development, solve the problem of unemployment从长远来看，如果受过更高的教育，则有更多的机会找到好的工作。
雅思写作70个必备句型;句句干货
雅思写作70个必备句型句句干货雅思写作70个必备句型句句干货，帮助大家在一个小时之内写出一手漂亮的作文，合理安排开始时间，熟记下面的必备句型，考试的时候将会有一定的辅助作用，感兴趣的同学赶紧来看看吧！雅思写作70个必备句型详细内容如下：1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say。
2.强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us。
3.“All+抽象名词〞或“抽象名词+itself〞(very+形容词)|He was all gentleness to her。
4.利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime。
5.“something(much)of〞和“nothing(little)of〞“something of〞相当于“to some extent〞，表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中，那么为“anything of 〞，可译为“有点〞，“略微等。
〞“译为毫无〞，“全无〞。
“much of〞译为“大有〞，“not much of〞可译为“算不上〞，“称不上〞，“little of〞可译为“几乎无〞。
something like译为“有点像，略似。
〞They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar。
6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of〞以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰“of〞后面的那个名词。
如“her ol d sharper of a father〞，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲〞。
Those pigs of girls eat so much。
7.as…as…can(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be。
雅思写作论证方法全解析
雅思写作论证方法全解析因此，如何全面掌握和正确使用各种论证方法是考生写作备考中亟待解决的问题。
写作的论证方法有很多，最常用的有举例论证，因果论证，讲道理，列数据，假设论证，对比论证。
一、举例论证举例论证是最有利于增强论述的可靠性与说服力的方法，同时，也是考官建议考生使用的。
在雅思考题下方总会有这样一句话：“Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experie nce.”1. 常见表达方式1）关联词优势：关联词能够较为方便的引出例子，主要是因为用这种方法引出的例子多是独立的句子，语法上的束缚少些。
关联词：as a proof, as an illustration, as an example, for example, for instance, in particular, just as, namely, specifically, to illustrate, to demonstrate.2）句型优势：句型引出例子，能够保证表达的书面度与学术性。
但是在使用时，考生需要特别注意语法正确。
句型：A good case in point is that … A typical example can be found in …Take … for example, ……, which may include …2. 使用注意事项1）泛泛而非个人：杜绝举个人经历的例子，自己，亲戚，朋友---将个人例子普遍化，转化成一种普遍趋势。
2）杜绝中式谚语：不要硬性翻译中式谚语，外国谚语可以考虑，但也不可泛滥。
3）少举纯中国式的例子：一个国家不代表整体，上升为很多国家的共同情况。
4）注意控制字数，例子不要展开论述。
议论文的例子万万不可这么长篇大论的写，一个论点的例子应控制在一句话左右，有时甚至只需一个名词短语就可以完成。
雅思写作从句语法解析大全
雅思写作从句语法解析大全雅思写作不能只用简单句表达，要适当用一些复杂句才能成为加分亮点，下面小编给大家带来雅思写作从句语法解析大全。
雅思写作3大从句语法点1. 定语从句：多用who(指人)、which(指物)、that(即可指人也可以指物)，还有一个经典的容易被忽视的定语从句在大作文中可以表达事件发生的原因：即由why引导的固定句型...the reason(s) why...2.状语从句：状语的种类特别多，所以状语从句是你最能够表现句型多样化的机会。
牢记以下几种状从的分类，句子的丰富性自然就出来了：A.时间状语从句(引导词：when/as/while/since/the moment...)B.地点状语从句(引导词：where/wherever)C.原因状语从句(引导词：because/since/as/seeing that...)D.条件状语从句(引导词：if/as long as/providing that/provided that...)E.让步状语从句(就是转折关系，引导词：though/although/while/no matterwho/where/which/how...)3.宾语从句：文章中提出观点的好句型，无论是你自己的观点还是文章中原来给出的观点都可以。
建议多用that引导的，不容易出错，如：some people think/agree/suggest/insist that...雅思写作技巧之如何写出高分从句1、翻新定语从句定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的，也是最容易掌握的句式。
但如果想要出色地使用定语从句，同学们在平时就要多注重积累。
同学们可以参考《剑9》的T est 2范文中第四段的最后一句话：This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句，而是使用了“介词+关系词”的方式，使得句子变得高大上了许多。
雅思写作句型分析：强调句
雅思写作句型分析：强调句雅思写作总是有套路的，有时候灵活运用句式，能让判卷老师眼前一亮哦!这时可能需要用到一些复杂的句型，强调句就是其中一个。
强调句在雅思写作中并不常用，如能恰当使用会产生意想不到的效果!雅思写作提分之语法多样性-强调句式一、强调句式的基本结构It + be + 强调中心成分 + who/that + clause.注意强调句式的特点：去掉it be…that结构，句子成分依然完整，句意依然全面。
请大家注意分析一下以下句型中的强调关系体现在哪里：It was Jane who called continually this morning. (这里强调的是谁)It was a parcel that she gave him as the birthday present. (这里强调的是什么)It is them who often help me with me lessons. (这里强调给了谁)It was in Greece that the Olympic Games first started. (这里强调在哪里)It was in 1976 that Tom knew her. (这里强调在什么时候)注意：1.当被强调成分为主语时，可用who，也可用that，其他情况一律用that2.强调主语时，who/that后的谓语动词必须和被强调的主语人称和数保持一致二、强调句式可以强调除谓语动词外的大多数句子成分。
如主语，宾语(直接宾语，间接宾语)，状语等。
John gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.--- It was John who/that gave Mary a handbag at Christmas.--- It was Mary who/whom/that John gave a handbag (to) atChristmas.--- It was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.--- It was at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag.三、强调句式可以强调多种多样的状语成分，如时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，原因状语等。
05雅思写作考试常用语法(翻译版)
英文写作基础知识I 英语的句子成分1. 主语1）父母应该为年轻人提供机会让他们锻炼自己的能力和天赋。
2) 对于它们，我们既不能过高估计也不能否认其存在。
3) 吸烟只是一种个人爱好和娱乐。
4) 很难有定论。
5) 很明显，穿校服会使得校园生活变得乏味单调在过去的几年中，随着经济的迅速发展，越来越多的父母在把孩子送到国外学习。
大学毕业生的就业形势越来越不乐观。
毫无疑问，不同人甚至不同的大学都会对此有不同观点。
2. 谓语1）他们坚持认为审查制度应当废止。
2）孩子应当靠自己的努力获取成功。
3）广告增加了商品的成本。
4）换句话说，电脑影响了人们的日常生活，对人们有害。
5）当前，越来越多的人同意吸烟是一种不健康的嗜好，等同于自杀。
大学中的教师教授拥有丰富的专业知识和丰富的教学经验，会教给学生新的知识并引导他们解决现实中的问题。
3. 表语1）审查制度是对言论自由的一种违犯。
2）放养涂在这些动物的方法经常是野蛮残忍的。
3）谈恋爱耗费时间，经常会使学生偏离他们的主要任务---学习。
4）我们所需要做的是告诉孩子如何正确的解决这些问题。
5）他们所强调的是那些正式的考试对不利于培养学生的创造力。
大学毕业生自身也对这种局面负有责任。
由于不同的习惯和不同的价值观，人们在和陌生人同住时会觉得不自在。
4. 宾语1）垃圾食品对人的健康有害。
2）你甚至开始把工作带回家做并且一直工作到凌晨3）研究表明吸烟和肺癌、心脏病等严重疾病之间存在着必然联系。
4）它给我们带来了许多欢乐和乐趣。
5. 定语1）很难有定论。
2）近年来，因特网以极快的的速度越来越受欢迎。
3）资金不足的人们通常正确确定优先考虑的事情：他们在买奢侈品之前首先买必需品。
4）那些强烈反对这种做法的人说这违犯人工作的基本权利。
6. 状语1）户外活动能极大促进我们的健康。
2）根据法律，广告必须是完全真实的健康的。
3）为了赶走孤独和消磨时光，他们可以培养其它的爱好，比如养花、集邮和学画画。
雅思写作大作文专用讲义
第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter 1: The Four Hurdles in IELTS Writing Test)难点一: Academic Writing 学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习) 1. Since private companies don't care much about the public interests, so the government has a significant role to play in scientific research. (不能缩写)2. Why these travellers damage the environment should be analyzed. (英式美式拼法不能混用)3. We must do our best(utmost) to protect (preserve) animals. (词汇用法太嫩)4. It is clear (manifest) that pornographic shows do harm to (undermine, endanger, jeopardy) the lives of lots of youngster (adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5. Nowadays (In present-day society), human beings face big challenges in many areas.6. In these day and age, many companies have replaced telephone with internet.7. We are confronted with many environmental problems. They are becoming more and more serious. (句式,语法)8. The traffic problem is becoming worse. We must work together to solve it.(句子结构)9. So individuals, communities and the government all must work hard tofight crime! (不应该带感情色彩)10. We must be friendly to other because the Bible said, "Treat your neighbors as you would like to be treated." (文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二: No specific topic pool. 题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法对策: 雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1. Employee can benefit more from telecommuting than employee. (n.可数不可数)2.1 Work at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency. (v.原型不可做主语)2.2 Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. (被动语态)Poor children can face problems when they grow up.2.3 The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve. (主谓一致)2.4 In present-day society, cultures were becoming very similar. (时态)3. Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers. 副词4.1 Countries should pay attention on the disadvantages globalization may create. 介词4.2 The Internet has instead of teachers in many classrooms.5. Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.6. These old buildings should be destroyed, new buildings must be constructed. 逗号7. These are a great many children think the main purpose of education should be to afford them pleasure and enjoyment.补充材料IELTS 作文复杂句的七种内部关系(Seven possible relationships Underlying a complex sentence)Cause and effect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果) so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment. 生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification 举例关系标志词…is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比如…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例证…)e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. TakeChina for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films. 亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影. Comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contraste.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could oftenperform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧X,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.Concession 让步关系标志词Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.Definition 下定义关系标志词A is best characterized by…( A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.Supposition假设论证, 标志词provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要) if…, suppose that…e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.Modification 修饰关系标志词that, which, whoIn this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly likethe buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.补充资料IELTS 写作考试的常用模板和句型进步类1) In contemporary society, the human race is advancing at an unprecedented rate in a multitude of arenas.=in many fields. 在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2) Today we have embarked upon the …era. 今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.We have embarked on the information era. –he has embarked on the road of committing crimes.3) Since the advent/arrival of the…era… 随着…时代的到来…例句:Since the advent of the information era, our efficiency at work has been greatly enhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句 2 With the advent of the information era, school education has undergone profound changes at an accelerated rate.倒退类4) But A is accompanied by B 但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:But the proliferation of English is accompanied by the extinction of many lesser-known languages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5) Accompanying all the advantages brought about by the profound social changes have come some sufferings; and …is very prominent among them. 随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.Please analyze causes of traffic congestion, and give some solutions. Accompanying all the conveniences brought about by violent social changes have come some negative effects, and traffic congestion is the most pressing one / the most serious one.6) With the incidence(发生率) of …hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed. …的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.Traffic offenses have become a problem confronting modern people, please give some suggestions of how to deal with it effectively.With the incidence of traffic accidents hovering at high level, many people, especially sociologist and anthropologist, have shown great concern.7) In this day a nd age, it is standard practice for … to do something. 今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:In this day and age, it is standard practice for parents to rush around all day busying themselves with their work. Many of them cannot spare some time to take care of their children,which has led to some serious social consequences. This essay will make some analysis concerning this phenomenon.8) Such a grave situation merits our careful attention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.Juvenile delinquency is an issue/topic worth our concern / discussion / analysis.Efforts will be made to analyze this topic in this essay.9) The issue of … has been thrown into sharp focus. …引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaring car ownership has thrown the issue of car accidents into public attention / widespread concern.10) Howev er, there is no consensus on …yet. 或者people hold divergent /contrasting/conflicting view on… 或者people are divided over… 不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:People hold contrasting views on animal experiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.Some people hold that the experimentation on animals is justified. However, others believe that this practice is a reflection of cruelty. From my perspective, it is advantageous to some degree whilst its drawbacks can never be overlooked. / As for some experiments, animals are irreplaceable subjects but I think we should be kind as possible as we can when carrying out these experiments. /I think this practice is to some extent cruel and unjust to animals but at least in the near future we cannotget rid of it completely.11) Something has been growing at an alarming/ staggering rate. 某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:With the car ownership soaring in China, traffic accidents have been growing at an alarming/staggering rate. Accompanied by the dramatic development of society, women crimes have been growing at an alarming rate. Such a grave situation has aroused widespread concern, especially sociologist and educationists. In essay attempts will be made to explore the causes of this issue and provide some feasible solutions.12) Whether…has triggered /aroused heated debate / discussion.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论Whether… is an issue open to debate 或者Whether…is a controversial issue. 例句:Whether student should appraise their teachers' performance is an issue open to debate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13) Some (people) assert/ argue/hold/maintain/claim/assume that… 有一些人认为…例句:Some people assert that relocating large companies to the countryside is the best way to resolve the traffic and housing problems in cities. 一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14) …is largely fuelled by...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:The proliferation of plastic bag is largely fuelled by the pursuit for lowercosts.IELTS 议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1 profit fromPeople throughout the world can profit from the advancement in motorized flight.Flight to transport fruits to places where there is no such fruits or not in season.Mobile phones can bring about some drawbacks such diseases. Whether we should avoid using mobile phones.People throughout the world / in every corner of the world can profit from the advancement of information technology. Nowadays we can keep in touch with each other and communicate with our friends or clients quickly by means of mobiles phones. However, some research reveals that mobile phone may cause some medical complaints and thus it is suggested that we should cease using them. In my viewpoint, the advantages of mobile phones outweigh the disadvantages.2 A is an integral /indispensable part of BAdvertising has become an indispensable part of our lives and it has been exerting profound influence on the way we live, work, play and learn.3,S omething plays a pivotal /key role in …It is universally acknowledged that education plays a pivotal role in individual success.4, Enable /allow somebody to do somethingCultural assimilation enables newly-arrived immigrants to get ahead in the new societysuccessfully.5get accustomed to do something/adjust to /adapt toNew immigrants must get accustomed to the local culture to succeed.6Someone can have access to something 或者can access something 或者can utilize somethingIn this day and age, many individuals can have access to the Internet via /by means of computer or mobile phone.倒退类1…is attended by /…is accompanied byThe staggering advancement of technology is attended by severe pollution of the ecosystem.2The more…the more…The more vehicles on the road, the more traffic congestions to occur.3A can be attributed to B 或者B stems from AThe proliferation of traffic accidents can be in large measure attributed to the traffic law not being stringent enough.4be afflicted with/be plagued withIn present-day society, a host of countries are afflicted with chronic poverty.5deprive someone of somethingModern cities deprive city-dweller of fresh air and the comfortable pace of life.6something prompt/impe ls somebody to do…Peer pressure often impels youngster to spend excessively on fancy clothes and accessories.7A has rendered B + adj./noun 形容词或名词We must ensure that technological innovations will not render us slaves to high technology. 其中We must ensure that..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.The fast-paced way of life has rendered many people alienated from one another.With the acceleration of living tempo, modern people are confronted with many physical and psychological problems. Among them, stress is the most prominent one. This has brought about numerous negative social consequences and aroused widespread concern especially among psychiatrists and sociologist. This essay focuses on exploring the causes and providing some ways to relieve stress.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8A recent study conducted by the organization / association / institution /union / scientist reveal that…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用the Ministry of Justice 交通问题可以用the Ministry of Transportation 建筑问题可以用the Ministry of Construction 环境问题可以HSUS and GreenpeaceA recent study conducted by HSUS and Greenpeace suggested that there were over one million mammals in lab cages today.9 be addicted to /preoccupied with somethingIn present-day society, many individuals are addicted to /preoccupied with various forms of gambling.10 something is the chief culprit in 或者something is the root cause of …The population explosion is the chief culprit in water scarcity.11be confronted with somethingIn contemporary society, we are confronted with a large number of violent and pornographic TV shows.12 present/pose a threat to…In contemporary society, the proliferation of non-biodegradable rubbish poses a grave threat to humanity.13 be awash with/be inundated with somethingThe media are be awash with/be inundated with detailed crime coverage.14 if…something will ensueIf parents neglect their offspring, lack of discipline and respect will ensue. 15With the incidence of … hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.With the incidence of driving offenses hovering at high levels, many have become disturbed and alarmed.16something is unwarranted /unjustifiableExperimenting upon lab animals without trying to alleviate their pain is unwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…on the grounds that…Some others oppose to animal experimentation on the grounds that it is inhumane.2 exert beneficial/ baneful/ profound influence on somethingIn this day and age, globalization is exerting profound impact on the way we work, live,play and learn.3 A prevail over / outweigh/ outbalance BThe advantages of imposing stiffer punishment on driving offender prevail over the disadvantages.4 A bring about/ generate/ breed/ engender/ spawn /induce B. Technological innovations have brought about profound changes to the political, economical and cultural arenas.5 A is a key determinant of BIn an individual's career, tenacity is a key determinant of success.6 It is manifest that …或者It is universally acknowledge that…It is manifest that globalization can also engender a host of banes to the lives of people in the third-world countries.解决类1 give priority to somethingThe government should give priority to the optimization of its financial resources.2 dedicated A to BThe government should dedicate more money to the alleviation of chronic poverty.3 be likely to fall prey to / be vulnerable toWithout proper parental guidance, children are very vulnerable to the violent or pornographic content on TV shows.4 something should be condemned rather than condoned(押尾韵) Indiscriminate copying of traditional architectural style today should be condemned ratherthan condoned.5 it is imperative/ crucial/ key/ essential that… 或者something is of paramount/ overriding importance.To the newly-arrived immigrants, it is imperative that they adapt to the local culture immediately.6 abide by/ comply withIt is essential that government pass more stringent laws to compel drivers to abide by/ comply with the law.7 something requires/ necessit ates /call for…The grave ecological problem requires/ necessitates/ call for joint effort of all the nations on the globe.8 distinguish between A and BMany youngsters lack the capacity to distinguish between right and wrong.9 must ensure thatParents must ensure that they dedicate enough time and energy to their offspring.结尾段常用模板1) based on the above discussion, I am convinced that…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2) In the final analysis, I concede that… However, ….On balance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段) 作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看… 3) The upside of something, outweighs its downside 或者the strengths of something,prevail over its weaknesses或者the pros of something outbalance its cons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS 作文常用同义词人类the human race, humanity, man, humankind, Homo sapiens在当代in contemporary society, in present-day society, in this day and age解决(及物动词)tackle, address, resolve, combat破坏(及物动词)undermine, jeopardize, devastate(最后一个与其最强)影响(名词)impact, repercussions, ramifications, implications危险(名词)perils, hazards, dangers明显的(形容词)manifest, apparent, evident, obvious从事(及物动词)carry out, conduct, perform, go about积极的,好的beneficial, advantageous消极的,坏的baneful, detrimental好处-坏处benefits, blessings, boons—banes, pros—cons, advantages—disadvantages, merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent, pervasive大量的a host of, a multitude of, a vast number of (后面跟可数名词复数) a great deal of, a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve 贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect 富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution 需要(及物动词)require, necessitate, call for第二讲十大全真版本X文,词汇与模板Education 类Some peoplethink students should be allowed to evaluate their teachers' job performance. Others believe that will lead to loss of respect and discipline. Discuss and give your own opinion.开头段(不少于4句)In this day and age, it is standard practice for business executive to fill out performance-evaluation forms to give their assessment of their subordinates' work. But when it comes to the evaluation of school teachers' job performance by their students, people hold divergent views. Some argue that students should be allowed to do so. Others contend that disrespect and indiscipline will ensue if students evaluate their teachers work. Personally, I believe both these two views have some merit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted, there could be some possible drawbacks to students evaluating their teachers' work. First, if not well-managed, evaluation by the students may be completely worthless or even misleading. It is manifest that not all students would give their evaluation responsibly and some students may make mean comments. Secondly, some students criticize their teacher not because their teachers have a slack attitude about their job. Rather they do so because they dislike or even despise schooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However, encouraging students to evaluate their teacher can bring about more boons. In the first place, it is an effective means of motivating theteachers to improve their lectures.Teachers have to keep adjusting their teaching to measure up to the expectations of the student. In the second place, regular input affords the teacher objective and balanced ideas about their own performance. Without such feedback, it is hard for the teacher to have accurate assessment of their own teaching. In the third place, a measure of students' autonomy can make the student better prepared for their adult life. The student becomes better at decision-making and critical thinking.结尾段(不少于3句)In the final analysis, I concede that enabling the student to evaluate their teachers' performance might have some potential drawback. However, by averaging out student's appraisal and encourage them to evaluate responsibly can eliminate the downside of this practice. On balance, I am convinced that allowing students to evaluate their teachers is in the best interests of students, teachers, school administrators, and the society as a whole.教育类8分X文Children who grow up in families without large amounts of money are better prepared to deal with problems in their adult life than children who are brought up by wealthy parents. Do you agree or disagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTS writing task2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"families without large amounts of money" 和"poor families" 这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-income families" 还包括"middle-income families", 所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totally agree 更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesis statement 和topic sentences (X文里用横线标明) 关键词:income gaps 指收入差距income inequality 指收入不均intergenerational 两代人之间的turn the table 是个idiom, 有点像中文说的"打翻身仗" offspring 孩子counterpart 相对应的人(或事务) meritocratic society 说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint 自制能力infancy 婴儿期frugality 勤俭financial strains 说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent (adj)/ well-to-do/ well heeled/ wealthy 自己管理自己,名词initiative 主动性well-acquainted 对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/ address/ solve resolve grapple with /combat 再加题目里面的deal with,大家挑着用啦It is widely accepted that we have been living in a "the rich get richer whereas the poor get poorer" age in terms of income gaps within a generation. However, to this day, there has been no consensus yet over the extent to which income inequality is intergenerational. Some contend that the offspring of low-income and middle-income parents can largely grow up manifest better problem-solving abilities during adulthood than their high-income family counterparts thereby turning the table socially and financially. Personally, I believe this is generally the case in any meritocratic society. (Thesis statement) First and foremost, children raised in household not in possession of a good fortune are conditioned early on in their lives to exercise self-control and self-restraint. These individuals learn from their infancy onward that not everything they crave will become theirs instantaneously. Every so often their wishes go beyond their parents' means and they have to come to terms with the resulting sense of frustration or rejection. Throughout the childhood and early adulthood years they are tempered by the repeated experiences of parents' denial of their requests and frugality is inculcated into their minds as a virtue. Consequently these children, for the most part, are apt to interpret scrimping and saving, emotional uneasiness, not infrequent financialstrains and menial first jobs as an integral part of life rather than a devastating ordeal. Hence they end up being better able to manage stress in their adult years and less likely to panic or get daunted when problems occur.11Further, children brought up by parents of low or middle economic status often grow up to be physically, mentally and professionally more independent than children brought up by affluent parents. It goes without saying that children whose parents are not particularly well-off are more likely than children of affluent households to know how to get the most out of a modest allowance, if they ever get such a thing at all. To the former group of children most desirable things in life have to be "earned"—that is, more often than not they must put forth great effort before their desire is fulfilled. On the other hand, busy, low or medium salaried parents translate into more autonomy and initiative on the children's part. This originally disadvantaged group becomes spontaneous and handy through crafting toy on their own, resourceful by cooking their own meals, tactful with coaxing their parents into buying them gifts, intelligent thanks to the absence of private tutors, savvy in doing summer jobs, and above all, unrelenting in pursuing their dreams. Lastly, non-wealthy parents typically have higher and more definite aspiration for their children than well-to-do parents. Well-acquainted with all thedisadvantages a meager or fair-to-middling bank account generates, many non-wealthy parents pin their hopes on their children to get their families upwardly mobile. These adults mostly have high behavioral, educational and (subsequently) occupational expectations for their children. As a result, they cannot afford to be permissive parents. Spoiling their offspring rotten is the last thing they care to do and they are always ready to discipline their children when they misbehave. They keep tabs on their children's grades at school and do not spare the rod when their offspring do not measure up academically. The odds of children raised in such rigorous environments having good problem-solving skills are apparently better than children raised otherwise. To conclude, the chief determinant of individuals' problem-solving skills is not the amount of money their parents can amass when they are little. Rather, hands-on experience in comprehending, analyzing, resolving, mitigating or circumventing problems is more essential to the cultivation of problem-solving abilities. Hence, I am convinced that families without great wealth are more advantageous to the development of individual capacity to tackle problems.Education 类词汇Education:1) 培养(某种素质)cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promote the student's physical, mental (或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns) 学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/ talent 学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun) 儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun) 给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者motivate (vt) the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths2) 传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt) high moral values (注以values 复数比试价值观) 给学生以灵感stimulate the students; thought 或者give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/ upbringing 教学法teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology 适应(动词)adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力adaptability 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students' grasp/ command(nouns) of what has been taught 就业技能employable/ marketable skill 3) 限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students' enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one's character 责任感a sense of obligation 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas. 死记硬背learn thing by rote.4) 记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorize equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从follow something blindly/ indiscriminately(adv) 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt) the students 为了记忆而记忆memorize for memorization' s own sake 5) 把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现) segregate(vt) students 来自于其他同学的压力peer pressure 逆境adverse circumstances /adversity 团队精神team spirit(noun) 独立思考: think independently(adv) 6) 在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding 鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically(adv) 学生的反馈students' feedback 或者students' input 学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers' performance7) 学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun) 具体的一门课的内容syllabus 课外活动extra-curricular activity 学校是社会的缩影A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律(名词)indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief (nouns) 不遵守纪律的(形容词)学生disruptive/ unruly students 8) 理论只是theoretical knowledge 通才generalist 专才specialist 全面发展的well-rounded /versatile 为社会健康发展做贡献contribute to societal well-being/ welfare (注意这里welfare不是"福利"的意思)9) 大学学科的分类可以分为:人文学科(包括文学,历史,语言学等)humanities 社会科学(包括政治,经济,社会学等)social sciences 艺术(包括音乐,雕塑等)arts 文科的总称也可以称为liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科(包括物理,化学,生物等)sciences 工科(包括工程,自动化等)engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline 基础科学basic sciences 应用科学applied sciences 小学教育primary-level education 中学教育secondary-level education 大学教育tertiary-level education 职业教育vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youthsEducation 类模板1 In this day and age, it is universally acknowledged that education is one of the key determinant of individual success. 众所周知,在当代教育是一个人成功的决定因素之一.2In contemporary society, education plays a pivotal role in individual development. 在当代社会,教育在个人发展中扮演着至关重要的角色.Technology & media 类科技类2/26 people today can perform the everyday tasks such as shopping, banking or even business transactions, without meeting others face-to-face. What effects will this phenomenon have on individuals and society as a whole开头段(不少于3+1句)The interactivity of the Internet and the mobile phone has enabled a multitude of people to purchase their desired items or pay their phone bills without stepping out of their offices or homes. And many others can even register for tests or sign contracts online. This。
雅思写作语法：表语从句讲解-推荐下载
智课网IELTS备考资料雅思写作语法：表语从句讲解摘要：为了让大家在本次雅思考试当中取得好成绩，小编特意为大家准备了的雅思写作语法：表语从句讲解相关内容，本节内容主要针对的就是本次考试的题型来整理的，希望能帮助大家在本次考试当中取得好成绩。
一、表语从句讲解之表语从句的基本介绍(一)、表语从句的定义：表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。
(二)、表语从句的构成：关联词+简单句(三)、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：1. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever连接副词 where，when，how，whyThe problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。
The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。
That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。
2. 可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。
China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
3. 从属连词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。
雅思大作文ABC完整版讲义
• 题目确定A不确定C： 拓展结果 • 阐述一个问题或者一个好处：特定化 • 题目出现两个不同的事物 或者凑字数的时 候：对比 • 名词复数：举例 • 任何时候，都可以多解释原因和背景
• 情况1：确定A • Do you think it is a positive or negative development? • Do advantages outweigh disadvantages? • What effects does it cause? • 和部分do you agree or disagree的题目， Discuss Both views的题目 • 结构：A+思前+B+想细节+C+想后
混合题
• 报告类和观点类混合一起考
• • • • • 譬如说 Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development? NB 有时候，雅思会问 What problems does it cause? What are the solutions to this problem?
十大军规
• • • • • • • • • • • • 阶段I 套作文 1 不准滥用连接词 （moreover, in this way, for example 等）, 不准用套句和模板 2不准在开头段和结尾段浪费时间 （主体部分决定一切！） 3不准乱换词 （特别是小作文！除非你确定替换的词是对的）变化必死！ 4 不准写虚的东西 （什么陶冶情操、精神文明、男女搭配干活不累，不准 写！） 5不准凑字 （要具体解释，不准重复！） 阶段II 背作文 6不准背材料乱套（要注意审题） 7 不准用大词！ 大词必死！ 8 不准犯语法错误 （100句翻译反复做，lecture 1-4的资料都要做） 9 不准乱写从句 （特别是定语从句、分词、倒装等） 10 不准翻译大脑里所有的中文 （要用自己熟悉的表达和词伙！）不要翻译 ABC！
雅思写作ppt课件
次要推展句
❖次要推展句是指对主要推展句作进 一步的事实分析和举例说明。它从 属于某一个或某几个推展句。
❖ I don’t teach because teaching is not easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sink-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I’m always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Smoking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
❖Indeed, a dessert is always enjoyable.
转折
❖But, however, although, though, yet, except for
❖Yet there was still a chance that he would win.
举例
❖for example, for instance, a case in point, such as
雅思写作冲刺之：写作语法及必备句型汇总
雅思写作冲刺之：写作语法及必备句型汇总雅思写作冲刺之：写作语法及必备句型汇总1雅思常用语法时态雅思写作常用时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时 1.一般现在时：表示通常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的状态或者动作：谓语动词用第三人称单数例如：① 打工对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响。
(过去现在未来都有影响，客观，单数)Taking part-time jobs e某erts profound impacts on one’s future career.② 国际旅游业促进经济发展。
(过去现在未来都促进，客观，单数)International tourism promotes the economic development.2.现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在”，表示逐渐的过程is developing rapidly/dramatically.3.现在完成时：1.表示结果和影响，一般表示变化大，发展了 2. 表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在注意常用搭配：In recent years, In the past decades…例如：① 最近几十年期间，世界发生了巨大的改变。
In the past decades, dramatic changes have taken place in the world.② 最近几年，科技极大的改变了人们的生活。
In recent years, technology has reshaped people’s life.③ 犯罪率已经急剧上升了。
The crime rate has increased sharply.4.一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态：will do例如：电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用，但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位。
Computers will play an increasingly critical role in education, but it is not possiblethat they could replace teachers in the classroom. / but it is impossible for them to replace teachers in the classroom.在了解了雅思基础语法之后，我们来看雅思写作中有哪些常见必备的句型，除了简单句，考生们还需要运用哪些高分句型来博得考官好感?雅思写作必备句型2：简单句1.简单句：主流句型，主要结构会使用，足矣!(1).主谓(宾, 可有可无)例如：人们在这个问题上的观点不一样。
雅思写作常见语法(比较级和主谓一致)
as ugly as a ____ as strong as a ___
❖ Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country.
❖ Chinese is a most difficult language. ❖ 平行结构与比较级
❖ 平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较 级或者暗含比较意味的连词引导的
❖ 大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义 的，有的是递进对比
调少) ❖ I have not more than 5 dollars in my pocket.(不
多于，稍少于)
❖ no less than not less than He is no less determined than you.(不亚于) He is not less determined than you.(不少于，稍 大于)
❖ 加倍数和数字时的句序错误
❖ “Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid for it.”
❖ [A] twice so much [B] twice as much [C] as much twice [D] so much twice
昂贵的
lonely 孤独的
❖ deadly 死一般的 lively 活泼的
详解雅思写作主语从句的应用
详解雅思写作主语从句的应用—北京中雅封闭班Part I：单词与短语reward n.&vt.奖赏，报偿;virtue n.美德;get bad(动词结构)变坏，变得糟糕，(食物等)变坏;go on a diet 动词短语)节食;first of all首先;write out(动词短语)写出来，列出来;a long list of(某些东西的)一个长长的单子;forbid vt.禁止;forbidden 过去分词)禁止，禁止的;include vt.包括;butter n.黄油;potato n.土豆;sweets n.糖果;pay sb. a visit(动词短语)拜访某人;ring the bell(动词结构)按响门铃;as fat as ever肥胖依旧;lead sb. into…带某人进入。
;hurriedly ]vt.藏;obvious adj.明显的，显然的;embarrassed adj.尴尬的;guiltily adv.匆匆忙忙地;hide[ adv.内疚地;explain vt.解释;strict adj.严格的;occasionally adv.偶尔地;contents s]n.内容;contain vt.盛着，装着;bar n.棍子，一条Part II：语法学习主语从句概念解释：主语从句，顾名思义，就是主语是个句子。
为了避免“1”的位置上显得过于沉重，英语中经常会用it来取代主语从句，而把主语从句后置。
示例：That he was very embarrassed was obvious.划线部分就是主语，用that引导，这样的摆放是不是让全句显得头重脚轻啊?所以，为了避免这一状况，我们使用it，即：It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.Part III：综合训练My friend, Robert, has always been fat, (1) things got (2) bad recently (3) he decided to go (4) a diet. First of all, he wrote (5) a long list of all the foods (6) were forbidden. The list included butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets—all the things (7) he loves. Yesterday, (8) my way home (9) work, I paid him a visit. I rang the bell (10) was not surprised (11) see (12) he was still as fat as ever. He led me (13) his room (14) hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious (15) he was very embarrassed.(16) I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily (17) then put the parcel on the desk. He explained (18) his diet was (19) strict (20) he had to reward himself occasionally.Then showed me the contents (21) the parcel, (22) contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!答案：(1) but; (2) so; (3) that; (4) on; (5) out; (6) which//that; (7) that;(8) on; (9) from;(10) and; (11) to; (12) that; (13) into; (14) and; (15) that; (16) When; (17) and; (18) that;(19) so; (20) that; (21) of; (22) which Part IV：句型转换将下面句子进行最大程度的合并：1. My friend, Robert, has always been fat. Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.2. He began his diet a week ago. He hoped to lose some weight.3. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods. These foods were forbidden.4. He wrote out a long list of all the foods. The list included most of the things he loves.5. The list included butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. These are all the things he loves.6. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I was on my way home from work.7. I rang the bell. I was not surprised to see that he was still as fat as ever.8. He led me into his room. He hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.9. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. I asked him what he was doing.10. I asked him what he was doing. He smiled guiltily. He then put the parcel on the desk.11. He explained that his diet was very strict. He had to reward himself occasionally.12. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets.答案：1. My friend, Robert, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.2. He began his diet a week ago, hoping to lose some weight.// Beginning his diet a week ago, he hoped to lose some weight.// He began his diet a week ago and hoped to lose some weight.3. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.4. He wrote out a long list of all the foods that//which included most of the things he loves.// He wrote out a long list of all the foods including most of the things he loves.// He wrote out a long list of all the foods and it included most of the things he loves.5. The list included butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets—all the things he loves.// The list included butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets, which are all the things he loves.6. Yesterday, on my way home from work, I paid him a visit.// Yesterday I paid him a visit while I was on my way home from work.// Yesterday, while I was on my way home from work, I paid him a visit.7. I rang the bell and I was not surprised to see that he was still as fat as ever.//I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that he was still as fat as ever.8. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.// Leading me into his room, he hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.// He led me into his room, hurriedly hiding a large parcel under his desk.9. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed when I asked him what he was doing.// Obviously, he was very embarrassed when I asked him what he was doing.10. I asked him what he was doing and he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.// When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.11. He explained that his diet was very strict and that he had to reward himself occasionally.// He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.12. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel and it contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets.// Then he showed me the contents of the parcel, which contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets.// Then he showed me the contents of the parcel, containing five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets.。
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Crack Your Grammar Puzzles Once And For All从5.5-6到6.5-7的变化前言雅思写作的低分可能是多方面原因的结果，包括词汇量有限，对题目内容没有想法，字体太丑，甚至人品太糟以至遇到了考官前天晚上和媳妇某方面不和谐！但是不管是哪个原因，写作的基本要求就是能写出正确和有逻辑的单句或复合句。
本课程的目标是为了拯救在语法部分挣扎折磨的考生。
你们也许已经重复了好多次系统语法的学习，各种复杂语法现象。
可是，你从来不知道那些语法书的内容是native speakers都看不懂的。
你报的高价班可能给你安排了基础语法课程。
可是，你从来不知道语法课的老师从来没想过好好教你，因为Ta觉得你无可救药，讲什么你都不懂，与其从你的角度来分析弱点，还不如把用了几百年的课件再讲一遍。
终于，我来了。
我通过批改几千份学生作业，挑选最具普遍性的语法错误，让你通过别人犯过的错误来提醒自己不要如此低级，从而保证自己的语法正确度。
我们能培养你母语一样的语法能力！目录第一章：主语错误 (2)第二章谓语动词错误 (7)2.1 缺少谓语(常见的情况是误用介词或者形容词当作动词) (8)2.2 太多动词造成谓语混乱 (9)2.3 时态问题 (12)2.4被动错误 (14)2.5情态动词使用错误 (16)2.6对Be动词毫无感情 (17)第三章修饰名词的错误 (20)3.1 第一种类型：形容词+名词 (22)3.2 第二种类型：名词(介词短语) (23)3.3 第三种类型：名词(定语从句) (24)第四章：比较级和最高级错误 (26)第五章：名词的错误 (29)第六章：从句的基本错误 (34)6.1 在前面的章节里我们已经讨论过了名词被修饰的情况。
其中一种方法就是使用定语从句来修饰名词。
这一节里，我们来看三个定语从句最基本的位置和形式。
(35)6.2. 从句经常出现没有主语的情况 (40)6.3. 经常出现的主句没主语的现象 (40)6.4. 从句之间标点错误 (40)第一章：主语错误出错可能：五颗星错误程度：低级到考官想弄死你俗话说得好：万事开头难！很多同学的写作和口语难以提高，主要问题就在于对一个完整句子的主语形式不够了解。
经常因为中文的巨大惯性而写出或者说出错误的句子主语形式。
在开始展示各种主语错误之前，我们先来做一个基本设定。
这个设定不是我的个人要求，而是英语的基本规则。
你如果不想遵守，那就换个语言去学习吧！能被接受作为主语的五种基本模式：1). 人／物——－与中文思维完全相同2). Doing-动名词形态(有的时候用To do......)3). It is 形式主语——中文没有的思维4). There be结构----中文严重缺乏的思维5). 抽象名词短语——中文没有的词性搭配1.1 有人用动词原型做主语错误的例子：1). Go to university is very important to young adults.2). Give children money has many advantages.3). Use mobile phones is very convenient.类似的学生作品你想要多少我能给你多少！解决这个问题的方法很简单，只需要把你的动词原型变成动名词形态就可以了(Doing).正确的例子：1). Sending emails and text messages is really a convenient way to contact friends and families.2). Living with parents saves young people so much money.3). Working at home allows people a flexible schedule.补充解释：用动词短语做为主语是很正常的一种思维模式，并没有和中文习惯产生太大冲突。
最大的问题在于：不习惯动词ing的名词形式1.2 有多得数不清的人用一个完整的句子去做另一个句子的主语。
请看典型错误的例子：1). Young people study aboard can get many benefits.中文翻译：年轻人出国留学可以得到很多好处。
这句话的中文语法其实也有问题，但是因为很符合中文的口语习惯，所以成为了很多同学在构思句子的时候很顺口的一句话。
别告诉我你觉得这句话挺顺的，我还觉得我应该是偶像派呢！！按照前面所定的规矩，这句话的红字部分是不符合主语要求的。
要修改的话，有三种方法：A: 动名词版本—Studying abroad brings young adults many benefits.B: 人称为主语—Young adults who study abroad can benefit a lot.C: It is 版本---It is beneficial for young adults to study abroad.2). People drive a car to work can save a lot of time.中文翻译：人们开车去上班能节省很多时间。
多流畅的语言啊！！让我觉得简直就是女王英语的典范！！不幸的是，这句话和前面的错误一模一样，使用了一个句子去做别人的主语。
要修改的话，有三种方法：A: 动名词版本—Driving to work saves people a lot oftime.B: 人称为主语—People who drive to work can save a lot of time.C: It is 版本---It is time-saving to drive to work.1.3神人逻辑：用介词短语做主语。
这个错误的原因还是在于中文的巨大惯性。
1). By inviting international companies can help a poor country to develop faster.中文翻译：通过邀请外国公司来投资，可以帮助一个穷国更快地发展。
不论你觉得这句话中文有多么流畅，它还是违背了我们之前的设定。
英语里不可能接受一个介词短语做主语。
要修改的话，有三种方法：A: 普通名词做主语--A poor country can develop faster by inviting international companies.B: 被修饰的名词做主语--A poor country that invites international investment can develop faster. (非常高级) C: 动名词做主语--Inviting international investment can help a poor country to develop faster.2). With the development of technology brings people a lot of convenience in everyday life.中文翻译：随着科技的发展，带给人们生活中很多的便利。
请长点心吧！英语的主语要求是极其严格的。
如果超出了我们前面的四种设定，那就说明语法出问题了。
要修改的话，有两种方法：A: 原句中的名词—The development of technology brings people a lot of convenience in everyday life.B: 动名词做主语—Boosting the development of technology can bring a lot of convenience to people’s lives.1.4最不能接受的问题来了：有同学能写出不带主语的句子！！这种错误在中文书面表达里也是不能接受的。
1). In some countries can receive free university education.中文翻译：在一些国家可以接受免费大学教育。
请一定把口语习惯和书面要求分清！！！！要修改这句的话，有两种方法：A: 普通人称作为主语—In some countries, people can receive free university education.B: There be句型作为开始—There is free university education in some countries.2). Nowadays, have many people work at home.中文翻译: 如今，有很多人在家工作。
这是101%的中文字面翻译。
最好的解决方法就是好好学习There be句型。
A：There are many people who work at home.第二章谓语动词错误出错可能：五颗星错误程度：考官会直接判定你为根本不会用英语的人大部分同学在语言精确度方面很失败，主要的原因还是因为过于口语化的中文想法影响了英语的最终翻译结果。
对于谓语部分来说，中文惯性的影响有两个：一是对动词词性不了解；二是中文的习惯中没有Be动词的关键位置。
在开始讨论谓语错误之前，我们需要设定必须严格记住和执行的要求：1.在书面表达中，每个句子都需要至少一个动词作为核心谓语动词；2.Against, beyond, with, from这几个词是介词而不是动词；3.Be动词不要简单翻译成为‘是’；4.主语和谓语有时候不是直接连接在一起的，因为主语会被修饰。
但是请不要因此而忘记了谓语动词的出现！2.1 缺少谓语(常见的情况是误用介词或者形容词当作动词)1). Some people against smoking in public places.中文翻译：有一些人反对在公共场合吸烟。
这个句子的错误就在于against的词性问题。
如果它是动词的话，这就是个正确的简单句，可惜它不是。
要修改的话，有两种方法：A：因为against已经有反对的意思了，这个句子缺少的就只是个动词，那就给它个Be动词吧！Some people are against smoking in public places.B: 或者给个和against组合的动词Some people stand against smoking in public places. 2). Some food from other places, so it is more expensive than local food.中文翻译：一些食物来自其他国家，所以比当地食物要贵。
这个句子的前半部分出问题了。