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1.生药学概念起源本草

1.生药学概念起源本草

抗菌药,从小檗根中提取得到。
麻黄素(麻黄碱, ephedrine): 肾上腺素受体激动药,从麻黄中提取得到。
(三) 作食品、香味料、调味料
桂皮、丁香、藏红花、紫苏叶、砂仁等作香味料。
既是食品又是药品的生药有:甘草、菊花、白果、 薄荷、高良姜等。
(四) 作香料、染料、涂料等
玫瑰油、茉莉油、桉叶油、芳樟油等精油作为化 妆品香料。 红花、紫苏叶、茜草的等红色素以及山栀子、
人参——溶血成分 (B型皂苷:Rg类、Re、Rf, C型皂苷:Ro) 抗溶血成分 (A型皂苷:Rb类、Rc、Rd) 中枢抑制的成分(Rb类) 中枢兴奋的成分 (Rg类) 当归——子宫收缩成分(水、醇溶非挥发性成分) 子宫舒张成分(挥发油) 大黄——泻下(番泻苷) 收敛 (鞣质) (所以,大黄作缓泻剂,虽长期服用,也不会造 成病态腹泻。)
(狭义)中药材 Chinese medicinal materials (广义)生药 crude drugs
(二)海洋药物(marine drugs): 取自海洋生物的天然药物 (三)传统药物(traditional drugs): 某地区、某民族世代相传的天然药物
生药、天然药物、中草药、中药、草药、 民族药物、民间药、传统药物、药材、中药 材、饮片等这些概念和名词虽有一定的区别, 但有时很难把它们明确地区分开。常常是根 据习惯,在一定的场合,一定情况下,使用 一定的名词。
同名异物举例:
大黄(根及根茎)
同等药用品种:掌叶大黄、药用大黄、唐古特大黄 类似品、伪品:波叶大黄、河套大黄
人参(根):东北人参
类似品:
伪品:
西洋参
华山参、商陆根
(一)至(五)为生药的优点, (六)至(八)为生药的缺点 。

硅氟类降粘剂的降粘机理及应用

硅氟类降粘剂的降粘机理及应用

硅氟类降粘剂的降粘机理及应用鲍允纪李芬芬张文郁【摘要】对硅氟类降粘剂的分子结构、性质和降粘机理作了较为详细的叙述;并介绍了目前国内硅氟类降粘剂类型以及硅氟类降粘剂为主处理剂的钻井液的性能特点。

最后对硅氟类降粘剂的发展趋势给出了几点看法。

【期刊名称】有机氟工业【年(卷),期】2010(000)004【总页数】4【关键词】硅氟类降粘剂;降粘剂;有机硅化合物;有机氟化合物;钻井液1 概述随着油气勘探开发的深入,油气勘探已向深部地层和海上发展,井深逐渐增加,钻遇地层条件日趋复杂,钻井工程对钻井液工艺技术提出了更高的要求,尤其对于深井用高固相含量的钻井液,综合解决钻井液的流变性、抑制性、抗温性等之间的矛盾尤为困难,特别是深井钻井液的热稳定性问题一直是国内外研究的关键[1],所以研制新型的抗高温钻井液已成为当今钻井液技术的一个重要课题。

钻井液的处理剂是保证钻井液优良性能的关键,这促使油田化学工作者不断开发新型的钻井液处理剂。

降粘剂是钻井过程中不可缺少的钻井液处理剂之一,它可起到降粘、调节钻井液流变性等作用,对维护钻井液的性能稳定,保护油气层起着非常重要的作用,是钻井过程中不可缺少的钻井液处理剂。

虽然固控设备能有效地清除钻井液中的各种固相,起到调节钻井液的流变性,减少降粘剂使用量的作用,但是由于现场固控设备的使用不理想,降粘剂的作用也就显得更加重要,对于安全、高效的钻井和提高钻井速度等方面有着重要的作用。

按国际健康-安全-环保标准和发展趋势,研制不污染环境、对健康无害、满足复杂结构井和深井、超深井钻井作业要求的新型无毒无污染的绿色、优质、高效、价格低廉的钻井液降粘剂成为一个新的方向[2]。

有机硅氟钻井液降粘剂适用于高温钻井液体系,它是以聚甲基氟硅氧烷为主处理剂(降粘剂),该钻井液是成功的抗高温钻井液(深井)之一,该钻井液配方简单,具有良好的抗高温稳定性,粘土容量高,抗盐能力强,维护时间长,有效延长泥页岩水化周期,抑制性强,有利于防塌,减少井下复杂情况,利于保护油气层,而且硅氟类化合物在土壤沙砾的催化作用下,能够分解为较为简单的分子,分解产物为有机硅分子,并进一步分解为CO2、H2O、S iO2水合物,土壤中留下的有机硅化合物在水中可溶,在日光紫外线照射下可进一步分解为海水中天然存在的一种化合物—硅酸,该物质无毒、对环境无污染,因此该类钻井液处理剂具有广阔的应用前景。

化妆品说明书中英文

化妆品说明书中英文

化妆品说明书中英文化妆品说明书中英文篇一:化妆品说明书英文翻译Prduct characteristics: It replenishes sufficient ater t creat a misturizing andater-lcking membrane n the skin t maintain the nrmal ater cntent f the cuticle ,banlance the PH value f the skin and keep the skin healthier. Cntaining rich fibrin extract and varirties f valued herbal essences,it strengthens the hitening functin as ell as tne the dark plexin and sften the cticle t build sparking,hite ,bright,hydrus and transparent skin. 活肌盈白滋润爽肤水产品特点:外界的污染,日光的照射,生活和工作的压力另肌肤干燥粗糙,色素沉浊,暗沉无光泽,各种肌肤问题也随之而来,需要及时为肌肤补充大量水分,促进美白营养成分的吸收。

活肌盈白滋润爽肤水触感清爽、柔滑,为肌肤注入充足的水分,并形成保湿锁水薄膜,维持角质层正常含水量,平衡皮肤酸碱值,另肌肤更健康;富含蚕丝蛋白、甘草、海藻精华,提升肌肤美白原动力,改善暗沉肤色,软化角质,重塑肌肤的盈白亮丽,水凝通透。

prduct characteristics: Being refreshing,it slers the xidatin caused by free radicals and blcks kinds f radiatin t strengthen the resistivity f the skin. Cntaining rich fibrin extract and varieties f valued herbal essences, it strengthens the hitening funtin as ell as cncealing the dark and rugh state f the skin and marking it hite, smth and fine naturally. 活肌盈BB霜产品特点:偏黄,暗沉等肌肤问题给生活带来尴尬,需要咋打造清新裸妆的同时给肌肤提供一层保护伞,让你时刻保持自信妆容。

人参提取物

人参提取物

人参提取物人参提取物是从五加科植物人参的根、茎叶中提取精制而成。

人参提取物如多糖、蛋白、皂苷及衍生物对有机体生理功能具有一定的调节作用,可以起到延年益寿,并能增强体力的作用。

人参为五加科植物人参的根,根中含有多种人参皂甙以及挥发油,油中主要成份为人参烯C15H24。

据近报道,从根中分离皂甙类:人参皂甙A、B、C、D、E、F等。

人参皂A(C42H72O14),人参皂甙B和C水解后产生人参三醇皂甙元,还有三种单糖类及人参酸和多种维生素、多种氨基酸、胆碱、酶、精胺及胆胺。

使用本品对人体神经系统、内分泌和循环系统起调节作用,可广泛用于膏霜、乳液等护肤化妆品中作营养添加剂。

因其有多种营养素,可增加细胞活力,并能促进新陈代谢和末梢血管流通的功效。

用于护肤品中,可使皮肤光滑、柔软有弹性,延缓衰老,还可抑制黑色素的产生。

目前世界上最著名的人参共有四种:一为中国人参,又称吉林人参,其主要分布区为中国的长白山,大、小兴安岭一带;另外朝鲜,日本和俄罗斯的远东地区也有分布。

朝鲜人参,也就是通常所说的高丽人参,别直参,主要分布在朝鲜北部,与中国的东北地区的吉林人参是同科同属同种。

二为日本参,又称东洋参,主要产于日本的老山会津,新山信州等地。

三为西洋参,也叫花旗参,主要产地为美国,加拿大和法国,美国西洋参的野参,多数分布在美国东部绿峰山脉一带的16个州。

四为俄罗斯西伯利亚人参。

这四种人参,都是五加科不同属或同属而不同种的多年生宿根性草本植物,药效大同小异。

在多种多样的商品人参中,以长白山人参质量最好。

【有效成分】人参中主要含有皂甙类(即人参皂甙)、糖类、挥发油类、脂肪油类、甾醇类及氨基酸、维生素类等物质,其中人参皂甙是人参的主要成分。

目前通过科学、先进的工艺技术分离和精制出的人参皂甙,分别被命名为Ro、Ral、Ra2、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Rf、Rg1、Rg2、Rg3、Rh1、Rh2、I、K、O-glaco,皆由甙元和糖组成,除Ro的甙元是齐墩果酸外,其它的是原人参二醇和原人参三醇。

膝关节病患者护理查房

膝关节病患者护理查房
• 中央部位软骨下骨小梁数目增加,表现密度增加,间距变小,骨小梁方向与 关表面更重直,而厚度无改变,呈“象牙样”改变,外围部位软骨下骨质发 生萎缩,出现囊性改变。软骨下囊泡发生在骨质疏松区,骨小梁消失,骨髓 呈纤维粘液样物质,囊腔内有死骨、软骨碎片和非定形物。
病理
3、 骨赘形成 在软骨的边缘或肌腱附着处,通过软骨化骨,
临床表现
• 3.神经系统表现
• (性率达80%以上。早期多表现为皮肤感觉过敏,渐而出现麻木、刺痛 及感觉减退。因受累神经根以单节单侧为多,故感觉障碍范围较小;但如果 马尾神经受累(中央型及中央旁型者),则感觉障碍范围较广泛。
• 5.膝关节痛是本病患者就医常见的主诉。其早期症状为上下楼梯时的疼痛, 尤其是下楼时为甚,呈单侧或双侧交替出现,是出现关节肿大,多因骨性肥 大 造成,也可关节腔积液。出现滑膜肥厚的很少见。严重者出现膝内翻畸形。 4.关节活动时可有弹响、磨擦音,部分患者关节肿胀,日久可见关节畸形。
病理
• 骨性关节炎是一种较少有炎症因素的退变性疾 病,它包括细胞及基质的退变,导致结构和功能 的丧失,伴有软骨的修复及骨的重塑。
了解一下该病人疾病的相关知识
I. 膝关节炎
膝关节炎是一种以退行性病理改变为基础的疾患。多患 于中老年人群,其症状多表现为膝盖红肿痛、上下楼梯痛、 坐起立行时膝部酸痛不适等。也会有患者表现肿胀、弹响、 积液等,如不及时治疗,则会引起关节畸形,残废。在膝 关节部位还常患有膝关节滑膜炎、韧带损伤、半月板损伤、 膝关节游离体、腘窝囊肿、髌骨软化、鹅足滑囊炎、膝内/ 外翻等关节疾病。
病因
• 3.遗传因素
• 本病在某些家族中发病率较高,在人群调查中,发现人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DR4与 RF阳性患者有关。HLA研究发现DW4与RA的发病有关,患者中70%HLA-DW4阳性, 患者具有该点的易感基因,因此遗传可能在发病中起重要作用。

三黄膏质量标准研究

三黄膏质量标准研究

三黄膏质量标准研究焦正花;张小华;李秀娟【摘要】目的建立三黄膏的质量控制方法,以提高其质量标准.方法采用薄层色谱法对方中主要药味黄柏、黄连、冰片进行定性鉴别研究,采用高效液相色谱法测定三黄膏中主要有效成分黄芩苷的含量.结果薄层色谱定性鉴别的特征斑点清晰,专属性强,Rf值适中,阴性对照无干扰;黄芩苷含量在7.600~53.200μg范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 5,n=5),平均回收率为98.20%(RSD=0.86%,n=6).结论该方法简便可靠,专属性强,重复性好,能较全面反映该制剂内在质量,可用于该制剂的质量控制.【期刊名称】《中国中医药信息杂志》【年(卷),期】2010(017)007【总页数】2页(P55-56)【关键词】三黄膏;黄芩苷;质量标准;薄层色谱法;高效液相色谱法【作者】焦正花;张小华;李秀娟【作者单位】甘肃省中医院药剂科,甘肃,兰州,730050;甘肃省中医院药剂科,甘肃,兰州,730050;甘肃省中医院药剂科,甘肃,兰州,730050【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R284.1三黄膏由黄连、黄柏、黄芩、冰片等中药组成,具有清热解毒、祛腐止痛的功效,临床用于痈疽疮疡及痔疮肌肉腐烂等。

该制剂在本院应用20多年,安全、有效、无毒副作用,但其质量控制标准只有性状、显微鉴别及微生物限度检查。

为了加强该品种的质量控制,提高其内在质量,我们在原三黄膏质量标准的基础上增加了黄连、黄柏、冰片的鉴别,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定黄芩中黄芩苷含量,制定了相应的含量测定限度,使其质量标准可控性更强。

1 仪器与试药试验仪器美国Waters 1525二元泵,Waters 2487紫外检测器,Bree色谱工作站,HS6150型超声波清洗器,METTLER AE240电子分析天平。

黄芩苷对照品购于中国药品生物制品检定所(批号 110715-200514),三黄膏(甘肃省中医院提供,批号070402、070110、090421)。

香精香料香水知识简介

香精香料香水知识简介

香水的组成
香水是配合植物性香料、动物性香料、合成香料溶于酒精,再加必要的保留 剂、色素和水等配制而成的。优秀的香水来自优质的香料和纯粹醇。 (1)香料:香水通常含有10%-30%的香料,多数为25%,是含香料的水剂中 香料含量最高的一类,也是留香最持久的一类,因而主要作用是散香。香料 配合的适当与否对香水的质量有重大影响,适当配搭的香料,本身散发的芳 香分子可给人以愉快的体验;但如果香气过强,则可能会刺激嗅神经,引起 嗅觉麻痹,甚至头晕,而导致不快感。有些香料,必须通过适当的稀释,才 可发出优雅的芳香。 (2)溶剂:理想的溶剂本身应该无臭,容易溶解所有香料,长时间保存也不 会变味、变色。由于乙醇(酒精)很接近这个要求,因而被广泛应用到各种香 水中作为溶剂。从香料的溶解性考虑,以95%浓度的酒精最合适,因此, 标准的香水都是把香料溶于95%酒精而制成的,当然也有低于这一浓度的。 为了配制理想的香水,乙醇往往需要经过脱臭处理以获得纯粹醇。 (3)保留剂(保香剂、保调剂、定香剂、固定剂):香料分子散发的快慢对香水 很重要,挥散快者要减慢。使各种香料以差不多同样的速度挥散的成分就是 保留剂。一般用作保留剂的是一些沸点高、分子量大的物质,它们根据香气 的强弱可分为两类:一类是有芳香的保留剂,如洋茉莉香醛。一类是有弱香 或几乎无嗅者,如香荚兰素麝香。 (4)水分:水分有利于提高香气的质量,因为水分含量多时,香气的散发性 好,乙醇的刺激嗅小,但过量的水分不利于香料的溶解。所使用的水为新鲜 的蒸馏水,含量通常约在5%~10%;
04
底香base note-挥发度小,相应地 分子结构比较大而 复杂、使香精留香 悠久。
香精的类型-香型
仿天然香型
01
:年轻人喜爱常葆青春,有单花香和复合花香;
02

中药制剂分析实例 (1)

中药制剂分析实例 (1)

沉香化气丸:本品为灰棕色至黄棕色的水丸;气香,味微甜、苦伤湿止痛膏:本品为淡黄绿色至淡黄色的片状橡胶膏;气芳香。

甘草浸膏:本品为棕褐色的固体,有微弱的特殊臭气和持久的特殊甜味;遇热软化,易吸潮。

薄荷油:“折光率应为1.456-1.466(附录VII F )旋光度取本品,依法测定(附录VII E),旋光度应为-17°至-24 °”马钱子散中马钱子鉴定“取本品10g,加浓氨试液数滴及氯仿10ml,浸泡数小时,滤过,取滤液1ml蒸干,残渣加稀盐酸1ml使溶解,加碘化铋钾试液1-2滴,即生成黄棕色沉淀。

”大黄流浸膏中大黄的鉴定“取本品1ml,加1%氢氧化钠溶液1ml,煮沸,放冷,滤过.取滤液2ml,加稀盐酸数滴使呈酸性,加乙醚10ml,振摇,乙醚层显黄色,分取乙醚液,加氨试液5ml,振摇,乙醚层仍显黄色,氨液层显持久的樱红色.”牛黄解毒片中冰片的微量升华鉴别取本品1片,研细,进行微量升华,得到白色的升华物,加新制的1%香草醛硫酸溶液1-2滴,液滴边缘显玫红色大黄流浸膏中升华物的鉴别取本品1ml,进行微量升华,升华物置显微镜下观察,有菱形针状结晶、羽状和不规则状结晶,滴加氢氧化钠试液,溶液显紫红色复方丹参滴丸中丹参的鉴别“取本品15丸,加少量水,搅拌使溶解后用水稀释至100ml,摇匀,取2ml,加水至25ml,摇匀,照分光光度法测定,在283nm的波长处有最大吸收。

”1.西洋参中人参的检查西洋参主要含人参皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Re、Rf、Rg1、F3、F11等以及挥发性成分、有机酸、糖类,人参主要含人参皂苷R0、Ra、Rb1、Rb2、Rc、Rd、Rg1、Rg2、Rh1、Rh2、Rh3等及有机酸、糖类等,检查方法:取人参药材1g、西洋参药材1g依法分别制制成对照溶液,去西洋参供试品和对照品溶液各2ul,分别点于硅胶G薄层板上,以氯仿¡ª甲醇¡ª水(13:7:2)的下层液为展开剂展开,取出晾干,喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液,105℃加热至斑点显色清晰,在紫外光灯(365nm)下检视,不得显与人参对照药材完全一致的斑点。

R 312 RF系列填充膏说明书

R 312 RF系列填充膏说明书

R 312 RF SERIES PUTTYDESCRIPTION:R 312 RF is a light weight compound formulated from unsaturated polyesters resins that gels and cures at room temperature by adding MEKP catalyst. It can be used to fill holes, create fillets, smooth angles and as a filling compound as required.FEATURES AND BENEFITS:∙Efficient for both thin or thick applications∙Enhanced low shrink properties help eliminate pre-release marks∙Easy to apply∙Lower specific gravity for higher yield by weight∙20 year performance historyTYPICAL PROPERTIES @ 25°C (77°F):These values may or may not be manufacturing control criteria; they are listed as a reference guide only. Particular batches will not conform exactly to the numbers listed because storage conditions, temperature changes, age, testing equipment (type and procedure) can each have a significant effect on the test results. Putty with properties outside of these values can perform acceptably.TestStyrene content, solids and more see MSDSViscosity, Brookfield T-D @ 5 rpm 200 000 – 350 000 cps Thixotropic Index > 3Gel Time (1,5% Norac MEKP 9 )* 8 - 16 minutes Application: by using spatula or a trowel. Color: NEUTRAL*tested @ 25°C in 100 g massCURE:It is recommended that gel time be checked in the customer’s plant because age, temperature, humidity and catalyst will produce varied gel times. All data referencing gel or cure refers specifically to NOROX MEKP 9 @ 1,5%. Arkema DDM-9, NOROX MEKP-9H, NOROX 925, Akzo Nobel CADOX D50 are expected to yield similar performance. Akzo Nobel L50A, NOROX MEKP-925H, Crompton HP-90 and Arkema DHD-9 may yield slightly shorter gel and cure times. Do not use under 18°C.When the part reaches ultimate cure depends upon time, temperature and satisfactory catalization. Too much or too little catalyst can result in permanent under-cure, which cannot be overcome. Practically speaking, serviceable cure time will range from overnight from a week and occasionally longer due to circumstances. Small, properly catalyzed, thin laminates thatR 312 RF SERIES PUTTYdo not exotherm and do not receive external heat may take months or years to achieve ultimate physicals properties. Sufficient external heat can reduce the cure time to less than a day.PRECAUTIONS:Do not over-mix. Over-mixing breaks down viscosity, increasing tendencies to sag, and causes styrene loss, this could contribute to porosity. The putty should be mixing to the sides and bottom of the container with the least amount of turbulence possible. Pressurize Air bubbling should not be used for mixing. It is not effective and only serves as a potential for water or oil contamination.Do not add any material, other than a recommended methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, to this product without the advice of a representative of Polynt Composites Inc.STORAGE:Standard cure putty have a shelf life of 90 days from date of manufacture when stored at 22°C (73︒F) or below in a closed, factory-sealed opaque container and out of direct sunlight. Fast-cure putties are stable for 45 days or less. The usage life is cut in half for every 20︒F over 73︒F. SHIPPING:Shipment is normally in lined 45-gallon (204 litres) and/or 4,4 gallon containers (20 litres)POLYESTER SAFETY INFORMATIONAll sales of products manufactured by Polynt Composites Inc., and described herein are made solely on condition that Polynt Composites inc customers comply with applicable health and safety laws, regulations and orders relating to the handling of our products in the workplace. Before using, read the following information and both the product label and Material Safety Data Sheet pertaining to each product.Most polyester products contain styrene. Styrene can cause eye, skin and respiratory tract irritation. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Impermeable gloves, safety eyewear and protective clothing should be worn during use to avoid skin and eye contact. Wash thoroughly after use.Styrene is a solvent and may be harmful if inhaled. Reports have associated repeated and prolonged occupational overexposure to solvents with permanent brain and nervous system damage. Extended exposure to styrene at concentrations above the recommended exposure limits may cause central nervous system depression causing dizziness, headaches or nausea and if overexposure is continued indefinitely, loss of consciousness, liver and kidney damage.R 312 RF SERIES PUTTYDo not ingest or breathe vapour, spray mists and dusts caused by applying, sanding, grinding and sawing polyester products. Wear an appropriate NIOSH/MSHA approved, properly fitted, respirator during application and use of these products until vapours, mists and dusts are exhausted, unless air monitoring demonstrates vapours, mists and dusts are below applicable exposure limits. Follow respirator manufacturer's directions for respirator use.The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reclassified styrene as Group 2B "possibly carcinogenic to humans." This new classification is not based on new health data relating to either humans or animals, but on a change in the IARC classification system. The Styrene Information and Research Center does not agree with the reclassification and has published the following statement: Recently published studies tracing 50,000 workers exposed to high occupational levels of styrene over a period of 45 years showed no association between styrene and cancer, no increase in cancer among styrene workers (as opposed to the average among all workers), and no increase in mortality related to styrene.Styrene is classified by OSHA and the Department of Transportation as a flammable liquid. Flammable polyester products should be kept away from heat, sparks, and flame. Lighting and other electrical systems in the work place should be vapour-proof and protected from breakage.Vapours from styrene may cause flash fire. Styrene vapours are heavier than air and may concentrate in the lower levels of molds and the work area. General clean air dilution or local exhaust ventilation should be provided in volume and pattern to keep vapours well below the lower explosion limit and all air contaminants (vapour, mists and dusts) below the current permissible exposure limits in the mixing, application, curing and repair areas.If the label or Material Safety Data Sheet indicates lead or lead chromate is present, do not use on toys, furniture or surfaces that might be chewed by children. Wash hands thoroughly after using and before smoking or eating. Long-term overexposure by inhalation or ingestion of mists and dusts from products containing lead compounds and lead chromate can cause harmful effects to the urinary, blood, reproductive and nervous systems and may create risk of cancer. Use a respirator as explained in Paragraph 4 of this Information Sheet.Some polyester products may contain additional hazardous ingredients. To determine the hazardous ingredients present, their applicable exposure limits and other safety information, read the Material Safety Data Sheet for each product (identified by product number) before using. If unavailable, these can be obtained, free of charge, from your Polynt representative or from: our office tel 819 477-4516Polyester products have at least two components that must be mixed before use. Any mixture of components will have hazards of all components. Before opening the packages, read all warning labels. Observe all precautions.Keep polyester containers closed when not in use. In case of spillage, absorb with inert material and dispose of in accordance with applicable regulations. Emptied containers may retain hazardous residue. Do not cut, puncture or weld on or near these containers. Follow container label warnings until containers are thoroughly cleaned or destroyed.FOR INDUSTRIAL USE AND PROFESSIONAL APPLICATION ONLYKEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDRENR 312 RF SERIES PUTTYPolynt Composites Canada Inc.2650 Thérèse-Casgrain, DrummondvilleQuébec Canada J2A 4J5Tel : 819 477- 4516August 2015DISCLAIMER AND LIMITATION of LIABILITYThe products sold hereunder shall meet Seller's applicable specifications at the time of shipment. Seller's specifications may be subject to change at any time without notice to Buyer. Buyer must give Seller notice in writing of any alleged defect covered by this warranty (together with all identifying details, including the Product Code(s), description and date of purchase) within thirty (30) days of the date of shipment of the product or prior to the expiration of the shipment's quality life, whichever occurs first. THE WARRANTY DESCRIBED HEREIN SHALL BE IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF.The Buyer's sole and exclusive remedy against Seller shall be for the replacement of the product or refund of the purchase price in the event that a defective condition of the product should be found to exist by Seller. NO OTHER REMEDY (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR LOST PROFITS, LOST SALES, INJURY TO PERSON OR PROPERTY, OR ANY OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL LOSS) SHALL BE AVAILABLE TO THE BUYER.The sole purpose of this exclusive remedy shall be to provide Buyer with replacement of the product or refund of the purchase price of the product if any defect in material or workmanship is found to exist. This exclusive remedy shall not be deemed to have failed its essential purpose so long as Seller is willing and able to replace the defective products or refund the purchase price.To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate.Final determination of the suitability of the material for the use contemplated, the manner of use and whether the suggested use infringes any patents is the sole responsibility of the buyer.。

人参皂苷提取工艺的研究

人参皂苷提取工艺的研究

人参皂苷提取工艺的研究【摘要】为提高人参皂苷的提取率和纯度,本文以人参皂苷re和rb1为指标,比较了回流提取法、超声水提法、湿法粉碎提取法3种不同方法提取人参皂苷的优劣。

结果表明:回流提取法、超声水提法湿法、湿法粉碎提取法人参皂苷re提取率分别为83.38%、90.23%、96.78%;人参皂苷rb1提取率分别为73.34%、80.11%、90.71%。

综合分析,说明湿法粉碎提取法艺效果最佳,超声水提法次之,回流提取法效果最差。

本研究为工业化提取人参皂苷提供了新途径。

【关键词】人参皂苷re、rb1;回流提取法;超声水提法;湿法粉碎提取法人参为五加科植物人参(panaxginsengc.a.mey)的干燥根,别名山参、鬼盖、棒槌、土精、神草、棒槌等。

是多年生草本植物,喜阴凉、湿润的气候。

人参被人们称为“百草之王”,是闻名遐迩的“东北三宝”之一,历来是我国中医的名贵药材。

味甘、微苦、微温,可补气、生津安神、增强免疫力。

其主要活性成分为人参皂苷,目前为止共分离出30余种,其中主要为人参皂苷ra1、ra2、ra3、rb1、rb2、rb3、rc、rd、re、rf、rgl、rg2、rg3、rhl等。

人参皂苷提取方法较多,如浸渍法[1]、回流提取法[2]、超声波提取法[3-4]、醇-吸附树脂法[5]和微波法[6]等。

本文对回流提取法、超声水提法、湿法粉碎提取法进行了比较。

1实验材料与仪器日本岛津lc-2010aht型高效液相色谱仪;天孚牌电子计数天平由金羊天平仪器公司生产;3l超声波提取器(上海超声波仪器厂);高速组织捣碎机(上海标本模型厂);101-3c型烘箱(上海实验仪器厂);人参购于吉林市药材站;人参皂苷re和人参皂苷rb1标准对照由中国药品生物制品检定所提供;甲醇为色谱纯;乙腈为色谱纯,其余试剂为分析纯。

2实验方法2.1人参皂苷的提取方法2.1.1超声水提法参照文献[7]的方法,称取人参粉末40g,加定量水浸泡过夜,常温超声提取3次,超声时间每次40min,抽滤,合并滤液,上d101大孔吸附树脂柱,去除杂质,水洗脱至流出液为无色,再用80%乙醇洗脱至洗脱液tlc检查无皂苷反应为止,乙醇洗脱液减压回收至干,残渣即为人参皂苷粗品,定容至200ml量瓶中,摇匀备用。

薄层色谱法鉴别白斑膏中己烯雌酚、克霉唑、马来酸氯苯那敏和氢化可的松

薄层色谱法鉴别白斑膏中己烯雌酚、克霉唑、马来酸氯苯那敏和氢化可的松

薄层色谱法鉴别白斑膏中己烯雌酚、克霉唑、马来酸氯苯那敏
和氢化可的松
赵铁;菅凌燕;杨君
【期刊名称】《华西药学杂志》
【年(卷),期】2004(19)5
【摘要】目的用薄层色谱法鉴别白斑膏中 4种主要成分。

方法吸附剂为硅胶GF2 54,展开剂为二氯甲烷 -乙醚 -甲醇 -浓氨水(38 5∶3∶3∶1)。

结果Rf值分别为 0 72、0 89、0 4 9和 0 2 5。

结论 4种成分可以完全分离。

【总页数】2页(P406-407)
【关键词】白斑膏;薄层色谱法;鉴别;马来酸氯苯那敏;克霉唑;氢化可的松;己烯雌酚;甲醇;二氯甲烷;吸附剂
【作者】赵铁;菅凌燕;杨君
【作者单位】中国医科大学附属第二医院药剂科
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】R927.2;R286.0
【相关文献】
1.薄层色谱法分离鉴别效灵感冒胶囊中阿司匹林、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏 [J], 刘艳娟;刘渝君;修超
2.HPLC法测定白斑膏中克霉唑的含量 [J], 徐英宏;霍保方;赵铁;段旭;袁汀
3.薄层色谱法分离鉴别效灵感冒胶囊中阿司匹林、咖啡因和马来酸氯苯那敏 [J],
刘艳娟;刘渝君;修超
4.薄层色谱法分离鉴别复方克霉唑乳膏中的硫酸庆大霉素 [J], 吴世杰;丁红雨
5.薄层色谱法鉴别雌氯乳膏中氯霉素和己烯雌酚 [J], 邢丽;李伟
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