基础化学常用英语术语
化学专业英语词汇表
化学专业英语词汇表本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇,包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。
文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇,并给出了一些例句和注释,以便于理解和记忆。
文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平,更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。
一、基础化学术语中文英文例句或注释化学chemistry Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。
元素element An element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。
原子atom An atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位,保持了该元素的化学性质。
原子核nucleus The nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分,包含了质子和中子。
质子proton A proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子,存在于原子核中。
中子neutron A neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子,存在于原子核中。
初中化学英语词汇
初中化学英语词汇1 abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的2 acceptor n. 接受器(通波器,带通电路,被诱物)3 account for 作出解释,提出理由,说明4 acid a. 酸的; n. 酸5 actinides n.锕系6 activated complex 活化分子7 activation energy 活化能8 addition reaction 加成反应9 additive n. 附加物(加法); a. 加添的10 adjacent a. 毗连的,邻近的,接近的11 alcohol group 羟基12 alcohol n. 酒精13 aldehyde n. 醛,乙醛14 alkaline-earth metal 碱土金属15 alkali metal 碱金属16 alkane n. 烷属烃(链烷)17 alkene n. 烯属烃(链烯)18 alkyne n. 炔属烃19 alloy n. 合金; v. 使...成合金,搀以劣质,减低成色20 alteration n. 改变,变更21 aluminum n. 铝22 amide n. 氨基化合物23 amine n. 胺类24 ammonia n. 氨水,阿摩尼亚25 amorphous a. 无定形的,无组织的26 anion n. 阴离子27 anode n. 阳极28 aqueous solution 水溶液29 argon n. 氩30 aromatic hydrocarbon 芳香烃31 aromatic a. 芳香的; n. 芳香,有香味的32 ash n. 灰,灰烬33 astatine n. 石厄34 atmospheric pressure 大气压力35 axe n. 斧; vt. 用斧砍36 axial a. 轴的,轴向的37 ban n. 禁令; v. 禁止; vt. 禁止,取缔38 Barium n. 钡39 base n. 基底,垒; v. 以...作基础40 bead n. 珠子,滴41 benzene n. 苯42 beryllium zhonggangxia n. (化)铍43 beverage n. 饮料44 bicarbonate n. 重碳酸盐45 binary a. 二进位的,二元的46 biomedical a. 生物医学的47 bitter a. 苦的,痛苦的48 bloodstream n. 血流49 blue vitriol n.胆矾50 boiling point 沸点51 bombard v. 炮击52 bond angle 键角53 bond energy 键能54 bond length 键长55 bond n. 结合,债券,粘结剂,粘合剂56 boron n. 硼57 branched chain 支键58 brittle a. 易碎的59 bromine n. 嗅60 bubble n. 泡沫61 butane n. 丁烷62 butanoic acid 丁酸63 calcium n. 钙64 calculation n. 计算65 calorie n. 卡(热量单位)66 carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物,醣67 carbonated beverage 碳酸饮料68 carbonate n. 黑金刚石,碳酸盐69 carbon dioxide n.二氧化碳70 carbon n. 碳,复写纸71 carboxyl group 酰基72 carboxylic acid 羧酸73 catalyst n. 催化剂74 cathode n. 阴极75 cation 正离子,阳离子76 charge n. 电荷,指控,费用; v. 控诉,加罪于,要价,赊帐,充电,管理77 chemical bond 化学键78 chemical change 化学变化79 chemical equation 化学反应方程式81 chemical a. 化学的; n. 化学制品82 chloride n. 氯化物83 chlorine n. 氯84 cholesterol zhonggangxia n. 胆固醇85 chromium n. 铬86 cluster n. 串,丛,群; v. 聚合,成串,丛生,使...聚集87 coal n. 煤88 coefficient n. 系数89 collide v. 碰撞,互撞,砥触90 collision n. 碰撞,冲突91 colloid n. 胶体,胶质,胶状体; a. 胶状的,胶质的92 composition n. 作文,著作,组织,合成物,成份93 compressibility n. 压缩的可能性,压缩性,压缩率94 concentration n. 集中,专心,浓度95 concrete n. 水泥,混凝土; a. 具体的,实在的,水泥的; v. 凝结,结合97 conduction n. 传导98 conductivity n. 传导性,传导率99 conductor n. 售票员导体100 configuration n. 结构,布局,形态; [计算机] 配置101 conjugate 5kCndVJgIt v. 结合,配合,动词的变化102 conserve kEn5s\:v n. 蜜饯,果酱; v. 保存,保全103 constituent kEn5stItjJEnt n. 成份,选民,构成物; a. 构成的,组织的,有提名权的104 contour 5kCntJE n. 轮廓(等高线,周线,电路,概要); vt 画轮廓(画等高线)105 convection kEn5vekFEn n. 传达,对流,对流106 convenient kEn5vi:nIEnt a. 方便的107 copolymer kEJ5pClImE n.共聚物108 copper 5kCpE a. (紫)铜色的,铜(制)的; n. 铜,铜币,铜制品109 core kC: n. 果心,核心,要点; vt. 挖去(水果的)果心; =Congress of Racial Equality 争取种族平等大会110 corrosion kE5rEJVEn n. 侵蚀(腐蚀,锈)111 cough syrup 咳嗽糖浆112 covalent bond 共价键113 crude oil 原油114 crust krQst n. 外壳,坚硬的外壳,面包皮; v. 盖以硬皮,结硬皮115 crystalline 5krIstElaIn a. 水晶(般)的,透明的116 current 5kQrEnt n. (水、气、电)流,趋势; a. 流通的,现在的,最近的117 cyanide 5saIEnaId n. 氰化物118 cyclic compound 环状化合物119 cyclohexane 9saIklEJ5hekseIn n.环已烷120 dazzling 5dAzlIN a. 眼花撩乱的,耀眼的121 degree Fahrenheit 华氏温度122 dehydration 9di:haI5dreIFEn n. 脱水123 density 5densItI n. 密度124 derivative dI5rIvEtIv a. 引出的,系出的; n. 引出之物,系出物,衍生字; n. 导数, 微商125 detectable dI5tektEbl a. 可发现的(可察觉的,可探测出的,可检波的)126 deviate 5di:vIeIt v. 脱离,出轨127 diagram 5daIEgrAm n. 图解,图表; v. 用图解法表示128 diamine daI5Ami:n; 5daIE9mi:n n. 二元氨化合物130 diene 5daIi:n n. 二烯131 diffusion dI5fju:VEn n. 散布,传播,蔓延132 dimensional dI5menFEnEl a. 空间的133 dimethyl ether 甲醚134 diol 5dBIEJl n. 二醇135 disintegration dIs9IntI5greIFEn n. 瓦解136 disperse dIs5p\:s v. 分散,传播,散开137 dissociate dI5sEJFIeIt v. v.分离,游离,分裂138 distillation 9dIstI5leIFEn n. 蒸馏139 distribute dIs5trIbjJ(:)t v. 分配,散布140 diver 5daIvE n. 潜水员141 donor 5dEJnE n. 捐赠人; [计算机] 施主142 double bond 双键143 dull dQl a. 钝的,迟钝的,无趣的; [计算机] 暗淡的144 durable 5djJErEbl a. 耐久的; n. 耐用品146 elastic I5lAstIk a. 有弹性的; n. 橡皮圈147 elastomer I5lAstEmE(r) n. 弹性体(弹胶物,合成橡胶,高弹体)148 electrochemistry I9lektrEJ5kemIstrI n. 电化学149 electrolysis Ilek5trClIsIs n. 电解150 electrolyte I5lektrEJlaIt n. 电解物,电解质,电解液151 electron I5lektrCn n. 电子152 electroplate I5lektrEJpleIt vt. 电镀物(表面镀银,电铸板); n. 电镀物(表面镀银) 153 element 5elImEnt n. 成分,要素,元素154 endothermic 9endEJ5W\:mIk a. 吸热的(吸热反应的,内热的)155 enzyme 5enzaIm n. 酶156 equatorial 9ekwE5tC:rIEl; i:k- a. 近赤道的,赤道的157 equilibrium 9i:kwI5lIbrIEm n. 平衡,均衡158 equivalence I5kwIvElEns n. 相等,等值159 erg \:g n. 尔格160 ester 5estE n. 酯162 ether 5i:WE n. 乙醚,醚163 ethylamine eWi:5lAmi:n n. 乙胺164 evaporate I5vApEreIt v. 蒸发,失去水分,消失165 evolve I5vClv v. 进展,进化,展开166 exothermic 9eksEJ5W\:mIk a. 发热的,放出热量的167 explicitly 清楚表明不准她参加168 explosion Iks5plEJVEn n. 爆炸,爆发169 fashion 5fAFn n. 流行,风尚,时样,时装; v. 形成,造,作170 favor 5feIvE n. 好意,喜爱; v. 支持,喜欢,证实171 feather 5feTE(r) n. 羽毛172 ferment 5f\:mEnt n. 酵素,发酵,动乱; v. 使...发酵,发酵,动乱173 fertilizer 5f\:tI9laIzE n. 肥料174 filament 5fIlEmEnt n. 细丝,细线,单纤维175 flammable 5flAmEbl a. 易燃的,可燃性的176 fluoride 5flJ(:)EraId n. (护齿的)氟化物177 fluorine 5flJ(:)Eri:n n. 氟178 fraction 5frAkFEn n. 分数,小部分,破片179 fragrance 5freIgrEns n. 香味180 friction 5frIkFEn n. 摩擦,摩擦力181 fur f\:(r) n. 毛皮,皮,皮子182 gaseous 5gAsIEs; 5geIzjEs a. 气体的,气态的183 gasoline 5gAsEli:n n. 汽油184 generator 5dVenEreItE n. 发电机,发生器185 geometry dVI5CmEtrI n. 几何(学)186 gold gEJld a. 含金的,金(制)的; n. 金子187 gradation grE5deIFEn 灰度,浓淡度,渐变,过度188 gram grAm n. 克189 grayish 5greIIF a. =greyish 浅灰色的,微带灰色的190 group gru:p n. 团体,组,团; v. 聚合,成群; [计算机] 成组191 halogen 5hAlEdVEn n. 卤素192 hardness 5hB:dnIs n. 坚硬,困难,严厉193 harsh hB:F a. 粗糙的,刺耳的,严厉的194 helium 5hi:ljEm; -lIEm n. 氦195 heteroatom 5hetErEJ9AtEm n. 杂原子196 heterogeneous 9hetErEJ5dVi:nIEs a. 异种的,异质的,由不同成份形成的; [计算机] 非均匀的197 hexane hek5seIn n. 己级烷198 hide haId v. 藏,隐瞒,遮避; n. 兽皮199 homogenous hE5mCdVInEs a. 同质的,同类的200 hydrocarbon 5haIdrEJ5kB:bEn n. 碳氢化合物201 hydrolysis haI5drClIsIs n. 水解202 hydroxyl haI5drCksIl n. 氢氧根203 hyphen 5haIfEn n. 连字号; v. 以连字号连接204 identical aI5dentIkEl a. 相同的,同一的205 illuminate I5lju:mIneIt v. 照明,阐释,说明206 indestructible 9IndI5strQktEbl a. 不能破坏的,不减的207 ingredient In5gri:dIEnt n. 成分,因素208 inhale In5heIl v. 吸入209 initial I5nIFl n. 词首大写字母; a. 开始的,最初的,字首的; v. 签姓名的首字母211 intensity In5tensItI n. 激烈,强度,强烈,剧烈212 intermediate 9IntE5mi:djEt a. 中级的,中间的; n. 中间体,媒介物213 iodine 5aIEdi:n; (US) 5aIEdaIn n. 碘,碘酒214 ion 5aIEn n. 离子215 isolate 5aIsEleIt a. 孤立的; v. 隔离,孤立; vt. 使隔离,使孤立216 isomerism aI5sCmErIzm n. 异性217 isomer 5aIsEJmE n. 异构体218 isotope 5aIsEJtEJp n. 同位素219 joule dVu:l n. 焦耳220 keep in mind 记住221 kerosene 5kerEsi:n n. 煤油222 ketone 5ki:tEJn n. 酮223 kilogram 5kIlEgrAm n. 千克,公斤224 krypton 5krIptCn n. 克225 lanthanides n.镧系227 lipid 5lIpId; 5laIpId n. 脂质, 油脂[脂肪,乳酪]228 lithium 5lIWIEm n. 锂229 litmus 5lItmEs n. 石蕊230 locate lEJ5keIt v. 找出,设于,位于231 macromolecule 9mAkrEJ5mClIkju:l n. 巨大分子,高分子232 magnesium mAg5ni:zjEm n. 镁233 magnet 5mAgnIt n. 磁体,磁铁234 marble 5mB:bl a. 大理石的,冷酷的; n. 大理石; vt.使有大理石的花纹235 mass mAs n. 块,大多数,质量; a. 群众的,大规模的; v. 使...集合236 mathematically 9mAWE5mAtIkElI ad. 精确地237 mechanism 5mekEnIzEm n. 机械,机构,结构; 机制,原理238 mercury 5m\:kjJrI n. 水银,水星239 metal 5metl n. 金属,质料; a. 金属制的; v. 以金属覆盖240 methane 5meWeIn n. 甲烷241 methylamine mi:5WaIlEmi:n; 9meWIlE5mi:n n. 甲胺242 methyl 5meWIl; 5mi:WaIl n. 甲基,木精243 mineral 5mInErEl a. 矿物的; n. 矿物,矿石244 minus 5maInEs a. 负的,减去的; n. 减号,负号; prep. 减去245 modification 9mCdIfI5keIFEn n. 修正,修饰,修改246 molecule 5mClIkju:l; 5mEJ- n. 分子247 monomer 5mCnEmE n. 单体248 multiply 5mQltIplaI v. 繁殖,乘,增加; ad.多样地,多倍地,多重地249 mustard 5mQstEd n. 芥末,芥菜,强烈的兴趣250 mutual 5mju:tjJEl; 5mju:tFJEl a. 共同的,相互的251 negative 5negEtIv a. 否定的,负的,消极的; n. 底片,负数; vt. 否定252 neon 5ni:En n. 氖253 neutron 5nju:trCn n. 中子254 nucleon 5nju:klICn n. 核子255 nucleus 5nju:klIEs n. 核,核心,原子核256 octahedron 9CktE5hedrEn n. 八面体257 octene 5Ckti:n n.辛烯258 octet Ck5tet 八位位组259 odorless 5EJdElIs a. 无臭的260 offset 5C:fset n. 抵销,支派,平版印刷; v. 弥补,抵销,用平版印刷; [计算机] 偏移261 opaque EJ5peIk a. 不透明的,难懂的262 orbiting a.环绕的263 orbit 5R:bIt n. 轨道,常轨,眼眶; v. 绕轨道而行,进入轨道,盘旋264 organism 5C:gEnIzEm n. 生物体,有机体265 orientation 9C(:)rIen5teIFEn n. 定位,适应,情况介绍; [计算机] 定向266 outermost 5aJtEmEJst a. 最外方的(最远的,最高头的)267 overlap 5EJvE5lAp n. 重叠,重复; v. 重叠,重复; [计算机] 重叠268 overwhelm 5EJvE5welm v. 淹没,受打击,压倒269 oxidation CksI5deIFEn n. 氧化270 oxidizable 5CksIdaIzEbl a. 可氧化的271 oxygen 5CksIdVEn n. 氧,氧气272 ozone 5EJzEJn; EJ5z- n. 臭氧273 paleontologist n. 古生物学者274 parenthesis pE5renWIsIs n. 括弧,插入语,附带275 particular pE5tIkjJlE(r) n. 个别项目,详细说明; a. 特别的,独有的,挑剔的276 pendulum 5pendjJlEm n. 摆,钟摆277 penetrate 5penItreIt v. 穿透,渗透,看穿278 perpendicular 9p\:pEn5dIkjJlE n. 垂直线,垂直的位置; a. 垂直的,直立的279 periodic table (元素)周期表280 peroxide pE5rCksaId n. 过氧化物281 petroleum pI5trEJlIEm n. 石油282 philosopher fI5lCsEfE n. 哲学家283 philosophical 9fIlE5sCfIkEl a. 哲学的,冷静的,哲学上的284 phosphor 5fCsfE 磷光体285 photosynthesis 9fEJtEJ5sInWEsIs n. 光合作用286 picogram 5pIkEgrAm 皮(可)克; 微微克(10的-12次方克)287 planar 5pleInE a. 平面的,平坦的288 plasma 5plAzmE n. 等离子体(血浆,深绿玉髓)289 platinum 5plAtInEm n. 白金290 polar 5pEJlE(r) a. 两极的,南辕北辙的,极地的292 polyatomic 9 pClIE5tCmIk a. 多原子的(多碱的,多酸的)293 polyester 5 pClIestE n. 聚酯294 polyethylene 9pClI5eWIli:n n. 聚乙烯295 polymeric 9pClI5merIk a. 聚合(物)的296 polymerization 9pClImEraI5zeIFEn n. 聚合297 polystyrene 9pClI5staIEri:n n. 聚本乙烯298 positive 5pCzEtIv a. 肯定的,积极的,绝对的; a. 正面的,正数的,阳性的299 postulate 5pCstjJleIt n. 假定,基本条件; v. 要求,假定300 potential pE5tenF(E)l a. 可能的,潜在的; n. 潜力,潜能; n. 电位,电势301 predict prI5dIkt v. 预知,预言,预报302 prefix 5pri:fIks n. 前缀; vt. 加...作为前缀,置于前面303 prior 5praIE a. 更重要的,较早的,在先的; ad. 居先304 process prE5ses n. 过程; v. 加工; vi. 列队前进; vt. 加工,处理305 product 5prCdQkt n. 产品,成果,乘积306 propane 5prEJpeIn n. 丙烷307 property 5prCpEtI n. 财产,性质308 proportion prE5pC:FEn n. 比例,均衡,部份309 protein 5prEJti:n a. 蛋白质的; n. 蛋白质310 proton 5prEJtCn n. 质子311 quantitative 5kwCntItEtIv a. 数量的,定量的312 radiation 9reIdI5eIFn n. 辐射313 radical 5rAdIkEl n. 急进份子,原子团; a. 急进的,根本的,激进的,基本的,彻底的314 radioactive 9reIdIEU5AktIv a. 放射性的315 radioisotope 5reIdIEJ5aIsEtEJp n. 放射性同位素316 radon 5reIdCn n. 氡317 reactant ri:5AktEnt n. 反应物318 redox 5redCks n. 氧化还原剂319 reduction rI5dQkFEn n. 减少,缩小320 region 5ri:dVEn n. 地区,地域,地带321 remarkable rI5mB:kEbl a. 显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的322 removal rI5mu:vEl n. 移动,移居,除去323 repel rI5pel v. 逐退,使...厌恶,反驳324 representative 9reprI5zentEtIv n. 代表,众议员,典型; a. 代表性的,代议制的,典型的325 repulsion rI5pQlFEn n. 厌恶326 retention rI5tenFEn n. 保存(保持力,包装牢固,记忆力,保留物)327 rim rIm n. 边,轮缘,框; v. 镶边,为...之边 328 saponification sEpCnIfI5keIFEn n. 皂化329 saturated 5sAtFEreItId a. 饱和的,渗透的,深颜色的330 semiconductor 5semIkEn5dQktE n. 半导体331 sewage 5sjJ(:)IdV n. 脏水,污水332 silicon 5sIlIkEn n. 硅333 silver 5sIlvE(r) a. 银色的; n. 银; v. 镀银334 simplify 5sImplIfaI v. 简化,使单纯; vt. 简化335 soapy 5sEJpI a. 像肥皂样的(肥皂质的,泖有肥皂的,滑腻的)336 sodium 5sEJdjEm; -dIEm n. 钠337 soluble 5sCljJbl a. 可溶解的338 solution sE5lu:Fn n. 解答,解决办法,溶解,溶液339 solvent 5sClvEnt n. 溶剂; a. 有偿付能力的,有溶解力的340 sour 5saJE(r) a. 酸的,抑沉的,刻薄的; v. 变酸,变乖戾,变坏341 specify 5spesIfaI v. 明确说明,叙述,指定,详细说明342 specimen 5spesImIn; -mEn n. 样本,标本343 stabilize 5steIbIlaIz v. 使安定,使坚固344 stable 5steIbl a. 稳定的,安定的; n. 马厩,马棚345 stir st\: n. 搅动,惹起; v. 激起,惹起,搅和346 stress stres n. 紧张,压力; v. 强调,着重; vt. 强调; n.负载347 subatomic 5sQbE5tCmIk a.亚原子的,原子内的348 sublimation 9sQblI5meIFEn n.349 submarine 5sQbmEri:n; sQbmE5ri:n a. 水底的,海底的; n. 潜水艇350 subscript 5sQbskrIpt 下标,标记,索引351 substituent sQb5stItjJEnt n. 取代352 substitute 5sQbstItju:t n. 代替者,代用品; v. 代替; vi. (for)代替; vt. 用...代替,代以353 sucrose 5sju:krEJs n. 蔗糖354 suffix 5sQfIks n. 后缀355 sulfur 5sQlfE n. 硫356 superscript 5sju:pEskrIpt 上标357 suspension sEs5penFEn n. 悬挂,未决,中止358 symbol 5sImbl n. 符号,标志,象征359 synchronously ad.同时地360 tetrahedron 5tetrE5hedrEn n. 四面体361 texture 5tekstFE n. (材料等的)结构,质地362 thrive WraIv v. 兴旺,繁荣363 tin tIn n. 锡,马口铁,罐364 torr tC: n. 乇365 transfer trAns5f\: n. 迁移,移动,换车; v. 转移,调转,调任366 tungsten 5tQNstEn n. 钨,钨锰铁矿,金属元素367 twist twIst n. 一扭,扭曲; v. 拧,扭曲368 underneath 9QndE5ni:W ad. 在下面; n. 下部,底部; prep. 在...下面369 uniqueness ju:5ni:knIs n.独一无二;独特370 unsaturated 5Qn5sAtFEreItId a. 没有饱和的,不饱和的371 upper 5QpE(r) a. 上部的,较高的,上面的372 urea 5jJErIE n. 尿素373 valence 5veIlEns n. 化合价(帷幔)374 variety vE5raIEtI n. 多样,种类,杂耍375 velocity vI5lCsItI n. 速度,速率376 vigorously ad.用力地;有力地;剧烈地377 vinegar 5vInIgE(r) n. 醋378 volt vEJlt; vClt n. 伏特379 wavelength 5weIvleNW n. 波长380 xenon 5zenCn n. Xe,稀有气体元素,符号Xe。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用: ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名:规则:金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习:▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一,二,三,四,五,六,七,八,九,十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核,是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径,raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的,非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性,碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物,复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的,如果供给能量,有失去电子的趋势。
基础化学常用英语词汇
基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变 162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e 326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学英语专业词汇(PDF)
Actinium(Ac)锕Aluminium(Al)铝Americium(Am)镅Antimony(Sb)锑Argon(Ar)氩Arsenic(As)砷Astatine(At)砹Barium(Ba)钡Berkelium(Bk)锫Beryllium(Be)铍Bismuth(Bi)铋Boron(B)硼Bromine(Br)溴Cadmium(Cd)镉Caesium(Cs)铯Calcium(Ca)钙Californium(Cf)锎Carbon(C)碳Cerium(Ce)铈Chlorine(Cl)氯Chromium(Cr)铬Cobalt(Co)钴Copper(Cu)铜Curium(Cm)锔Dysprosium(Dy)镝Erbium(Er)铒Europium(Eu)铕Fermium(Fm)镄Fluorine(F)氟Francium(Fr)钫Gadolinium(Gd)钆Gallium(Ga)镓Germanium(Ge)锗Gold(Au)金Hafnium(Hf)铪Helium(He)氦Holmium(Ho)钬Hydrogen(H)氢Indium(In)铟Iodine(I)碘Iridium(Ir)铱Iron(Fe)铁Krypton(Kr)氪Lanthanum(La)镧Lawrencium(Lr)铹Lead(Pb)铅Lithium(Li)锂Lutetium(Lu)镥Magnesium(Mg)镁Manganese(Mn)锰Mercury(Hg)汞Molybdenum(Mo)钼Neodymium(Nd)钕Neon(Ne)氖Neptunium(Np)镎Nickel(Ni)镍Niobium(Nb)铌Nitrogen(N)氮Nobelium(No)锘Osmium(Os)锇Oxygen(O)氧Palladium(Pd)钯Phosphorus(P)磷Platinum(Pt)铂Plutonium(Pu)钚Polonium(Po)钋Potassium(K)钾Praseodymium(Pr)镨Promethium(Pm)钷Protactinium(Pa)镤Radium(Ra)镭Radon(Rn)氡Rhenium(Re)铼Rhodium(Rh)铑Rubidium(Rb)铷Samarium(Sm)钐Scandium(Sc)钪Selenium(Se)硒Silicon(Si)硅Silver(Ag)银Sodium(Na)钠Strontium(Sr)锶Sulphur(S)锍Tantalum(Ta)钽Technetium(Tc)锝Tellurium(Te)碲Terbium(Tb)铽Thallium(Tl)铊Thorium(Th)钍Tin(Sn)锡Thulium(Tm)铥Titanium(Ti)钛Tungsten(W)钨Uranium(U)铀Vanadium(V)钒Xenon(Xe)氙Ytterbium(Yb)镱Yttrium(Y)钇Zinc(Zn)锌Zirconium(Zr)锆product化学反应产物flask烧瓶apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass卵形瓶litmus石蕊litmus paper石蕊试纸graduate,graduated flask量筒,量杯reagent试剂test tube试管burette滴定管retort曲颈甑still蒸馏釜cupel烤钵crucible pot,melting pot坩埚pipette吸液管filter滤管stirring rod搅拌棒element元素body物体compound化合物atom原子gram atom克原子atomic weight原子量atomic number原子数molecule分子electrolyte电解质ion离子anion阴离子cation阳离子electron电子isotope同位素isomer同分异物现象polymer聚合物symbol复合radical基structural formula分子式valence,valency价monovalent单价bivalent二价halogen成盐元素bond原子的聚合mixture混合combination合成作用compound合成物alloy合金organic chemistry有机化学inorganic chemistry无机化学derivative衍生物series系列hydrochloric acid盐酸sulphuric acid硫酸nitric acid硝酸aqua fortis王水fatty acid脂肪酸organic acid有机酸hydrosulphuric acid氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide氢化硫alkali碱,强碱ammonia氨base碱hydrate水合物hydroxide氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid氢酸hydrocarbon碳氢化合物,羟anhydride酐alkaloid生物碱aldehyde醛oxide氧化物phosphate磷酸盐acetate醋酸盐methane甲烷,沼气butane丁烷salt盐potassium carbonate碳酸钾sodium carbonate碳酸钠caustic potash苛性钾caustic soda苛性钠ester酯gel凝胶体analysis分解fractionation分馏endothermic reaction吸热反应exothermic reaction放热反应precipitation沉淀to precipitate沉淀to distil,to distill蒸馏distillation蒸馏to calcine煅烧to oxidize氧化alkalinization碱化to oxygenate,to oxidize脱氧,氧化to neutralize中和to hydrogenate氢化to hydrate水合,水化to dehydrate脱水fermentation发酵solution溶解combustion燃烧fusion,melting熔解isomerism,isomery同分异物现象hydrolysis水解electrolysis电解electrode电极anode阳极,正极cathode阴极,负极catalyst催化剂catalysis催化作用oxidization,oxidation氧化reducer还原剂dissolution分解synthesis合成reversible可逆的氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source 化学反应速率chemical reaction rate 化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide 两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron(III)chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron(III)oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicat or酯ester酯化反应esterification周期period族group(主族:main group)基础化学常用英语词汇380条1.The Ideal-Gas Equation理想气体状态方程2.Partial Pressures分压3.Real Gases:Deviation from Ideal Beh***ior真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4.The van der Waals Equation范德华方程5.System and Surroundings系统与环境6.State and State Functions状态与状态函数7.Process过程8.Phase相9.The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一定律10.Heat and Work热与功11.Endothermic and Exothermic Processes吸热与发热过程12.Enthalpies of Reactions反应热13.Hess’s Law盖斯定律14.Enthalpies of Formation生成焓15.Reaction Rates反应速率16.Reaction Order反应级数17.Rate Constants速率常数18.Activation Energy活化能19.The Arrhenius Equation阿累尼乌斯方程20.Reaction Mechanisms反应机理21.Homogeneous Catalysis均相催化剂22.Heterogeneous Catalysis非均相催化剂23.Enzymes酶24.The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数25.the Direction of Reaction反应方向26.Le Chatelier’s Principle列·沙特列原理27.Effects of Volume,Pressure,Temperature Changes and Catalystsi.体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28.Spontaneous Processes自发过程29.Entropy(Standard Entropy)熵(标准熵)30.The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学第二定律31.Entropy Changes熵变32.Standard Free-Energy Changes标准自由能变33.Acid-Bases酸碱34.The Dissociation of Water水离解35.The Proton in Water水合质子36.The pH Scales pH值37.Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry酸和碱38.Proton-Transfer Reactions质子转移反应39.Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs共轭酸碱对40.Relative Strength of Acids and Bases酸碱的相对强度41.Lewis Acids and Bases路易斯酸碱42.Hydrolysis of Metal Ions金属离子的水解43.Buffer Solutions缓冲溶液44.The Common-Ion Effects同离子效应45.Buffer Capacity缓冲容量46.Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成47.Solubility溶解度48.The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp溶度积常数49.Precipitation and separation of Ions离子的沉淀与分离50.Selective Precipitation of Ions离子的选择沉淀51.Oxidation-Reduction Reactions氧化还原反应52.Oxidation Number氧化数53.Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations氧化还原反应方程的配平54.Half-Reaction半反应55.Galvani Cell原电池56.Voltaic Cell伏特电池57.Cell EMF电池电动势58.Standard Electrode Potentials标准电极电势59.Oxidizing and Reducing Agents氧化剂和还原剂60.The Nernst Equation能斯特方程61.Electrolysis电解62.The W***e Beh***ior of Electrons电子的波动性63.Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom氢原子的波尔模型64.Line Spectra线光谱65.Quantum Numbers量子数66.Electron Spin电子自旋67.Atomic Orbital原子轨道68.The s(p,d,f)Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69.Many-Electron Atoms多电子原子70.Energies of Orbital轨道能量71.The Pauli Exclusion Principle泡林不相容原理72.Electron Configurations电子构型73.The Periodic Table周期表74.Row行75.Group族76.Isotopes,Atomic Numbers,and Mass Numbers同位素,原子数,质量数77.Periodic Properties of the Elements元素的周期律78.Radius of Atoms原子半径79.Ionization Energy电离能80.Electronegativity电负性81.Effective Nuclear Charge有效核电荷82.Electron Affinities亲电性83.Metals金属84.Nonmetals非金属85.Valence Bond Theory价键理论86.Covalence Bond共价键87.Orbital Overlap轨道重叠88.Multiple Bonds重键89.Hybrid Orbital杂化轨道90.The VSEPR Model价层电子对互斥理论91.Molecular Geometries分子空间构型92.Molecular Orbital分子轨道93.Diatomic Molecules双原子分子94.Bond Length键长95.Bond Order键级96.Bond Angles键角97.Bond Enthalpies键能98.Bond Polarity键矩99.Dipole Moments偶极矩100.Polarity Molecules极性分子101.Polyatomic Molecules多原子分子102.Crystal Structure晶体结构103.Non-Crystal非晶体104.Close Packing of Spheres球密堆积105.Metallic Solids金属晶体106.Metallic Bond金属键107.Alloys合金108.Ionic Solids离子晶体109.Ion-Dipole Forces离子偶极力110.Molecular Forces分子间力111.Intermolecular Forces分子间作用力112.Hydrogen Bonding氢键113.Covalent-Network Solids原子晶体pounds化合物115.The Nomenclature,Composition and Structure of Complexes配合物的命名,组成和结构116.Charges,Coordination Numbers,and Geometries电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117.Chelates螯合物118.Isomerism异构现象119.Structural Isomerism结构异构120.Stereoisomerism立体异构121.Magnetism磁性122.Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes八面体构型配合物的电子分布123.Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes四面体和平面四边形配合物124.General Characteristics共性125.s-Block Elements s区元素126.Alkali Metals碱金属127.Alkaline Earth Metals碱土金属128.Hydrides氢化物129.Oxides氧化物130.Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131.Hydroxides氢氧化物132.Salts盐133.p-Block Elements p区元素134.Boron Group(Boron,Aluminium,Gallium,Indium,Thallium)硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135.Borane硼烷136.Carbon Group(Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead)碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137.Graphite,Carbon Monoxide,Carbon Dioxide石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138.Carbonic Acid,Carbonates and Carbides碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139.Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon硅的存在和制备140.Silicic Acid,Silicates硅酸,硅酸盐141.Nitrogen Group(Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,and Bismuth)氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142.Ammonia,Nitric Acid,Phosphoric Acid氨,硝酸,磷酸143.Phosphorates,phosphorus Halides磷酸盐,卤化磷144.Oxygen Group(Oxygen,Sulfur,Selenium,and Tellurium)氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145.Ozone,Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146.Sulfides硫化物147.Halogens(Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine)卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148.Halides,Chloride卤化物,氯化物149.The Noble Gases稀有气体150.Noble-Gas Compounds稀有气体化合物151.d-Block elements d区元素152.Transition Metals过渡金属153.Potassium Dichromate重铬酸钾154.Potassium Permanganate高锰酸钾155.Iron Copper Zinc Mercury铁,铜,锌,汞156.f-Block Elements f区元素nthanides镧系元素158.Radioactivity放射性159.Nuclear Chemistry核化学160.Nuclear Fission核裂变161.Nuclear Fusion核聚变162.analytical chemistry分析化学163.qualitative analysis定性分析164.quantitative analysis定量分析165.chemical analysis化学分析166.instrumental analysis仪器分析167.titrimetry滴定分析168.gr***imetric analysis重量分析法169.regent试剂170.chromatographic analysis色谱分析171.product产物172.electrochemical analysis电化学分析173.on-line analysis在线分析174.macro analysis常量分析175.characteristic表征176.micro analysis微量分析177.deformation analysis形态分析178.semimicro analysis半微量分析179.systematical error系统误差180.routine analysis常规分析181.random error偶然误差182.arbitration analysis仲裁分析183.gross error过失误差184.normal distribution正态分布185.accuracy准确度186.deviation偏差187.precision精密度188.relative standard deviation相对标准偏差(RSD)189.coefficient variation变异系数(CV)190.confidence level置信水平191.confidence interval置信区间192.significant test显著性检验193.significant figure有效数字194.standard solution标准溶液195.titration滴定196.stoichiometric point化学计量点197.end point滴定终点198.titration error滴定误差199.primary standard基准物质200.amount of substance物质的量201.standardization标定202.chemical reaction化学反应203.concentration浓度204.chemical equilibrium化学平衡205.titer滴定度206.general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207.proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208.acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209.dissociation constant解离常数210.conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211.acetic acid乙酸212.hydronium ion水合氢离子213.electrolyte电解质214.ion-product constant of water水的离子积215.ionization电离216.proton condition质子平衡217.zero level零水准218.buffer solution缓冲溶液219.methyl orange甲基橙220.acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221.phenolphthalein酚酞222.coordination compound配位化合物223.center ion中心离子224.cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225.alpha coefficient酸效应系数226.overall stability constant总稳定常数227.ligand配位体228.ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229.side reaction coefficient副反应系数230.coordination atom配位原子231.coordination number配位数232.lone pair electron孤对电子233.chelate compound螯合物234.metal indicator金属指示剂235.chelating agent螯合剂236.masking掩蔽237.demasking解蔽238.electron电子239.catalysis催化240.oxidation氧化241.catalyst催化剂242.reduction还原243.catalytic reaction催化反应244.reaction rate反应速率245.electrode potential电极电势246.activation energy反应的活化能247.redox couple氧化还原电对248.potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249.iodimetry碘量法250.potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251.cerimetry铈量法252.redox indicator氧化还原指示253.oxygen consuming耗氧量(OC)254.chemical oxygen demanded化学需氧量(COD) 255.dissolved oxygen溶解氧(DO)256.precipitation沉淀反应257.argentimetry银量法258.heterogeneous equilibrium of ions多相离子平衡259.aging陈化260.postprecipitation继沉淀261.coprecipitation共沉淀262.ignition灼烧263.fitration过滤264.decantation倾泻法265.chemical factor化学因数266.spectrophotometry分光光度法267.colorimetry比色分析268.transmittance透光率269.absorptivity吸光率270.calibration curve校正曲线271.standard curve标准曲线272.monochromator单色器273.source光源274.w***elength dispersion色散275.absorption cell吸收池276.detector检测系统277.bathochromic shift红移278.Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279.hypochromic shift紫移280.acetylene乙炔281.ethylene乙烯282.acetylating agent乙酰化剂283.acetic acid乙酸284.adiethyl ether乙醚285.ethyl alcohol乙醇286.acetaldehtde乙醛287.β-dicarbontl compoundβ–二羰基化合物288.bimolecular elimination双分子消除反应289.bimolecular nucleophilic substitution双分子亲核取代反应290.open chain compound开链族化合物291.molecular orbital theory分子轨道理论292.chiral molecule手性分子293.tautomerism互变异构现象294.reaction mechanism反应历程295.chemical shift化学位移296.Walden inversio瓦尔登反转n297.Enantiomorph对映体298.addition rea ction加成反应299.dextro-右旋300.levo-左旋301.stereochemistry立体化学302.stereo isomer立体异构体303.Lucas reagent卢卡斯试剂304.covalent bond共价键305.conjugated diene共轭二烯烃306.conjugated double bond共轭双键307.conjugated system共轭体系308.conjugated effect共轭效应309.isomer同分异构体310.isomerism同分异构现象anic chemistry有机化学312.hybridization杂化313.hybrid orbital杂化轨道314.heterocyclic compound杂环化合物315.peroxide effect过氧化物效应t316.valence bond theory价键理论317.sequence rule次序规则318.electron-attracting grou p吸电子基319.Huckel rule休克尔规则320.Hinsberg test兴斯堡试验321.infrared spectrum红外光谱322.Michael reacton麦克尔反应323.halogenated hydrocarbon卤代烃324.haloform reaction卤仿反应325.systematic nomenclatur系统命名法e326.Newman projection纽曼投影式327.aromatic compound芳香族化合物328.aromatic character芳香性r329.Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330.Claisen rearrangement克莱森重排331.Diels-Alder reation狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332.Clemmensen reduction克莱门森还原333.Cannizzaro reaction坎尼扎罗反应334.positional isomers位置异构体335.unimolecular elimination reaction单分子消除反应336.unimolecular nucleophilic substitution单分子亲核取代反应337.benzene苯338.functional grou官能团p339.configuration构型340.conformation构象341.confomational isome构象异构体342.electrophilic addition亲电加成343.electrophilic reagent亲电试剂344.nucleophilic addition亲核加成345.nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂346.nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347.active intermediate活性中间体348.Saytzef f rule查依采夫规则349.cis-trans isomerism顺反异构350.inductive effect诱导效应t351.Fehling’s reagent费林试剂352.phase transfer catalysis相转移催化作用353.aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物354.elimination reaction消除反应355.Grignard reagent格利雅试剂356.nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振357.alkene烯烃358.allyl cation烯丙基正离子359.le***ing group离去基团360.optical activity旋光性361.boat confomation船型构象362.silver mirror reaction银镜反应363.Fischer projection菲舍尔投影式364.Kekule structure凯库勒结构式365.Friedel-Crafts reaction傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366.Ketone酮367.carboxylic acid羧酸368.carboxylic acid derivative羧酸衍生物369.hydroboration硼氢化反应370.bond oength键长371.bond energy键能372.bond angle键角373.carbohydrate碳水化合物374.carbocation碳正离子375.carbanion碳负离子376.alcohol醇377.Gofmann rule霍夫曼规则378.Aldehyde醛379.Ether醚380.Polymer聚合物。
化学常用英语词汇.doc
化学常用英语词汇.doc1、periodic table 元素周期表2、electronic structure电子构型3、wavelength波长4、frequency频率5、wave number波数6、diffraction衍射7、quantum量子8、quantized量子化9、quantum theory量子理论10、photoelectric effect光电效应11、photon光子12、quantum mechanics量子力学13、Heisenberg uncertainty principle海森堡测不准原理14、momentum动量15、angular momentum角动量16、ground state基态17、excited states激发态18、quantum number量子数19、atomic orbital原子轨道20、the four quantum numbers四个量子数21、electron configuration电子构型22、Pauli exclusion principle泡利不相容原理23、Hund’s principle洪特规则24、paramagnetism顺磁性25、diamagnetism反磁性26、period周期27、noble gas惰性气体28、Representative elements代表性元素29、Transition elements过渡元素30、Metals金属31、nonmetals非金属32、semiconducting elements半导体元素33、chemical bond化学键34、valence electrons价电子35、Lewis symbol路易斯符号36、Chemical stability化学稳定性37、octet rule八隅体规则38、chemical reactivity化学反应性39、metallic bonding金属键40、ionic bonding 离子键41、Lewis structures路易斯结构42、nonbonding electron pairs(lone pairs)非成键电子对43、covalent bonding共价键44、single单键45、multiple(double,triple) and coordinate(donor atom and acceptor atom) covalent bond配位键46、resonance共振47、resonance hybrid共振杂化48、nonpolar and polar covalent bond非极性和极性共价键49、dipole偶极50、network covalent substances51、bond dissociation energy键解离能52、lattice energy点阵能,晶格能53、atomic radii原子半径54、effective nuclear charge有效核电荷55、screening effect屏蔽效应56、Scanning 扫描57、Lanthanide contraction镧系收缩58、isoelectronic ions等电子离子59、ionization energy电离能60、noble gas configuration惰性气体构型61、electron affinity电子亲和能62、pseudo-noble gas configuration稀有气体原子实63、polarization of an ion离子极化64、electronegativity电负性65、electronegative atom电正性原子66、electropositive atom电负性原子67、Oxidation numbers氧化值68、Oxidation state氧化态69、molecular geometry分子几何70、bond axis键轴71、valence bond theory价键理论72、hybridization杂化73、isomers异构体74、structural isomers结构异构75、delocalized electrons离域电子76、dipole moment偶极矩77、London bond色散力78、nuclide核素79、nucleons核子80、mass defect质量缺陷81、nuclear binding energy核结合能82、nuclear fusion核聚变83、nuclear fission核裂变84、radioactivity放射性85、radionuclides放射性核素86、magic number幻数87、bombardment reaction轰击反应88、antineutrino反中微子89、neutrino中微子90、positron正电子(阳电子)91、electron capture电子捕获92、chain reaction链式反应93、crtical mass临界质量94、nuclear reaction 核反应95、thermonuclear reactions热核反应96、breeder reactor增殖反应97、hydration水合98、solvation溶剂化99、chemical equilibrium化学平衡100、hydrolysis水解。
化学学习常用英文
Chlorine(Cl) 氯
Chromium(Cr) 铬
Cobalt(Co) 钴
Copper(Cu) 铜
Curium(Cm) 锔
Dysprosium( Dy) 镝
Einsteinium(Es) 锿
Erbium(Er) 铒
Europium( Eu) 铕
Fermium(Fm) 镄
oxidization, oxidation 氧化
reducer 还原剂
dissolution 分解
synthesis 合成
reversible 可逆的
氨ammonia
氨基酸amino acid
铵盐ammonium salt
饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
Barium(Ba) 钡
Berkelium( Bk) 锫
Beryllium( Be) 铍
Bismuth(Bi) 铋
Boron( B) 硼
Bromine( Br) 溴
Cadmium(Cd) 镉
Caesium(Cs) 铯
Calcium(Ca) 钙
Californium(Cf) 锎
Carbon(C) 碳
Thulium(Tm) 铥
Titanium(Ti) 钛
Tungsten(W) 钨
Uranium(U) 铀
Vanadium(V) 钒
Xenon(Xe) 氙
Ytterbium( Yb) 镱
Yttrium( Y) 钇
Zinc( Zn) 锌
Zirconium( Zr) 锆
Bunsen burner 本生灯
化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A:Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的,惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理,管理derive vt.取得,得到,衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的,符合要求的rapid a.快的,迅速的,动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点,几分,有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的,商务的undesirable a.不合需要的,不受欢迎的,讨厌的retard vt.延迟,放慢,使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变,转变automotive a.自动的,机动的,汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥,淤泥stiff a.硬的,强烈的extent 广度,程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致,未提炼的acidity n.酸味,酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠,卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的,个体的Presumable a.可假定的,可推测的Destruction n.破坏,毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的,综合的Exceed 超过,胜过Isolate vt.隔离,孤立,使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析,分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基,烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产,产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽,vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖,增殖;传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的,实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的,敏感的Analogous a.类似的,相似的(to)Response n.作答,回答,响应,反应Readily ad.乐意地,很快地Readiness n.准备就绪,愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的,位的Likewise ad.同样的,照样地;也,又Suffer vt.遭受,经历Progressive a.进步的,长进的,渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的,紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的,终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物(人),代用品substitution n.代替,替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚,乙醚Correspond vi.符合,一致;相当,相应Reservation n.保留,预定Tend vi.走向,趋向。
基础化学常用英语术语
基础化学常用英语词汇英文全称缩写中文Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴,年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目,题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报,公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文,题录Classification 分类,分类表College Coll. 学会,学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词,共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要,文摘Directory 名录,指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报,公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期(次)Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval System Medical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊V olume V ol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation变异系数(CV)190. confidence level置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution标准溶液195. titration滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard基准物质200. amount of substance物质的量201. standardization标定202. chemical reaction化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium化学平衡205. titer滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound螯合物234. metal indicator金属指示剂235. chelating agent螯合剂236. masking掩蔽237. demasking解蔽238. electron电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst催化剂242. reduction还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy反应的活化能247. redox couple氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251. cerimetry铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen溶解氧(DO) 256. precipitation沉淀反应257. argentimetry银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions多相离子平衡259. aging陈化260. postprecipitation继沉淀261. coprecipitation共沉淀262. ignition灼烧263. fitration过滤264. decantation倾泻法265. chemical factor化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity吸光率270. calibration curve校正曲线271. standard curve标准曲线272. monochromator单色器273. source光源274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift红移278. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclature系统命名法326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t 351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond length 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido CH3CONH─乙酰氨基acetenyl = ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO─乙酰乙酰基;3—氧丁酰基acetonyl CH3COCH2─丙酮基;乙酰甲基acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亚丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO─乙酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl CH3CO─乙酰(基)acetylene ①CH≡CH 乙炔②=CHCH= 双亚乙基acryloyl CH2=CHCO─丙烯酰alkoxy RO─(R=烷基或烃基)烷氧基allyl CH2=CHCH2─烯丙基β−;allyl = isopropenyl CH2=C(CH3)─β−;烯丙基;异丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亚烯丙基allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O─烯丙氧基amido H2N─[严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基,但是英文常与amino混用]氨基amino H2N─氨基amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4─戊基tert-amyl = 1,1−;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2─特戊基azido N3─叠氮基azo ─N=N─偶氮基azoxy ─N(O)N─氧化偶氮基benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido C6H5CONH─苯甲酰氨基benzenesulfinyl(参阅phenyleulfinyl)C6H5SO─苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH─苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2─苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基;氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO─苯甲酰benzoylene ─C6H5CO─(o、m或p)亚苯甲酰基(邻、间或对)benzoyloxy C6H5COO─苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2─苄基;苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne C6H5C≡次苄基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O─苄氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S─苄硫基;苯甲硫基biphenylene ─C6H4C6H4─亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo ─N=NC6H4C6H4N=N─联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO─联苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O─联苯氧基bromo Br─溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH─丁间二烯基;1,3─丁二烯基1─butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH─丁烯基;1─丁烯基2─butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2─丁邻烯基;2─丁烯基3─butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2─丁间烯基;3─丁烯基2─butenylene─CH2CH=CHCH2─1,4─亚丁─2─烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亚丁─2─烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC≡次丁─2─烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O─丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O─仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O─叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2─丁基sec-butyl C2H5CH(CH3)─仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C─叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO─丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO─氨(基)甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基;甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基;碳酰carboxy HOOC─羧基chloro Cl─氯代;氯基chloroformyl ClCO─氯甲酰;氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamyl C6H5CH=CHCH2─肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基(邻、间或对)cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基(邻、间或对)crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano N≡C─氰基cyclobutyl C4H7─环丁基cycloheptyl C7H13─环庚基2,4─cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH─2,4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9─(3种异构物)环己(邻、间、对)烯基cyclohexyl C6H11─环己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5─环戊二烯基cyclopentenyl C5H7─环戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9─环戊基cyclopropyl C3H5─环丙基cystyl ─COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO─胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO─癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2─癸基diazo ─N=N─或N=N= 重氮基diazoamino ─N=NNH─重氮亚氨基diazonium (N≡N)─重氮(化)dimethylamino (CH3)2N─二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH─二苯甲基dithio ─SS─二硫代dodecyl ─CH3(CH2)10CH2─十二(烷)基dotriacontyl CH3(CH2)30CH2─三十二(烷)基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2─二十烷基epithio ─S─环硫;表硫;桥硫基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上] epoxy ─O─环氧;表氧;桥氧基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上] ethene=ethylene ①乙烯②1,2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O─乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC─乙酯基;乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4─乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2─乙基ethylamino C2H5NH─乙胺基ethylene ─CH2CH2─①乙烯②1,2-乙基ethylenedioxy ─OCH2CH2O─亚乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亚乙基ethylidyne CH3C≡次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S─乙硫基ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基fluoto F─氟代formamido OHCNH─甲酰胺基formyl OHC─甲酰fomryloxy HCOO─甲酸基;甲酰氧基fumaryl ─COCH=CHCO─富马酰;(反式)丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3─呋喃基[两种异构物]geranyl C10H17─牦牛儿基glucosvl C6H11O5─葡(萄)糖基glyceryl ─CH2CHCH2─甘油基;丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一(烷)基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2─二十一(烷)基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2─三十一(烷)基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2─二十七(烷)基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO─十七(烷)酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2─十七(烷)基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2─庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2─庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2─六十(烷)基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2─二十六(烷)基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO─十六(烷)酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2─十六(烷)基hexamethylene ─CH2(CH2)4CH2─六亚甲基;1.6-亚己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO─己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2─己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亚己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO─组氨酰hydrazino H2NNH─肼基;联氨基hydrazo ─NHNH─1,2-亚肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亚肼基;亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO─羟基hydroxyamino HONH─羟氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2─羟甲基-idene 亚[加于任何一个基名之前,表示在联结处为双键] iodo I─碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基;2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O─异丁氧基原名作取代基作官能团烷烃:hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃:alkenes alkenyl炔烃:alkynes alkynyl卤代烃:alkyl halides氟:fluorine fluoro氯:chlorine chloro溴:bromine bromo碘:iodine iodo酚:pehnols hydroxy -ol醇:alcohols hydroxy -ol醚:ethers R-oxy -ether胺:amines amino -amine醛:aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮:ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸:carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳)-oicacid(不含碳)酰卤:actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐:acidanhydrogrides酯:esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈:nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺:amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基:nitro烷烯炔甲:methane methene methyne乙:ethane ethene ethyne丙:propane propene propyne丁:butane butene butyne戊:pentane pentene pentyne己:hexane hexene hexyne庚:heptane heptene heptyne辛:octane octene octyne壬:nonane nonene nonyne癸:decane decene decyne作取代基时:词尾改为-yl.连苯:biphenyl萘:naphthalene联萘:binaphthalene蒽:anthrancene菲:phenanthrene芘:pyrene甲苯:toluene二甲苯:邻:O-xylene间:m-xylene对:p-xylene苯乙烯:styrene苯胺:aniline苯酚:phenol苯甲醛:benzaldehyde苯磺酸:benzene sulfonic acid苯甲酸:benzoic acid呋喃:furan噻吩:thiophene吡唑:pyrazole咪唑:midazole噁唑:oxazole吡啶:pyridine哒嗪:pyrimidine吡嗪:pyrazine吡喃:pyran吲哚:indole喹啉:quinoline有机物英文前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106百万, 大meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6极微小milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔。
基础化学中课本单词总结
基础化学中课本单词总结第一章绪论matter 实物field 场snbstance 物质SI 国际单位制significant figure 有效数字scientific notation 科学计数法dispersed medium 分散系dispersed phase 分散相dispersed medium 分散介质homogeneous dispersed system 均相分散系heterogeneous dispersed system 非均相分散系phase 相amount of substance 物质的量mole 摩尔Avogadro constant 基本单元mass 质量Avogadro constant 阿伏伽德罗常数molar mass 质量amount-of-subtance concentration (物质的量)浓度mass concentration 质量浓度mole fraction 摩尔分数molality 质量摩尔浓度solution 溶液element 元素compound 化合物cation 阳离子anion 阴离子negative ion 阴离子molecule 分子atom 原子electronic 电子property 性质inorganic 无机的componential 成份exact number 有效数字aqueous solution 水溶液instrument 仪器composition 组成mixture 混合物entity 实体第二章稀薄溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solution 稀薄溶液的依数性evaporation 蒸发condensation 凝结(saturated) vapor pressure (饱和)蒸气压Sublimation 升华Vapor pressure lowering 蒸气压下降Boiling pint depression 沸点升高diffuse 扩散semi-permeable membrance 半透膜osmosis 渗透作用osmosis pressure 渗透压力osmolarity 渗透浓度isotonic solution 等渗溶液hypertonic solution 高渗溶液hypotonic solution 低渗溶液solute 溶质solvent 溶剂nonvolatile 难挥发的hemoglobin 血红蛋白conductivity 导电性fluid 流体第三章电解质溶液Electrolyte 电解质degree of dissociation 解离度ion interaction theory 离子相互作用理论ion atmosphere 离子氛activity 活度activity coefficient 活度因子ionic strength 离子强度acid-base equilibria 酸碱平衡acid dissociation constant 酸解离常数base dissociation constant 碱解离常数dilution law 稀释定律common-ion effect 同离子效应salt effect 盐效应Bronsted-lowry theory 酸碱质子理论half reaction of acid-base 酸碱半反应conjugate acid 共轭酸conjugate base 共轭碱amphoteric substance 两性物质proton-transfer reactions质子传递反应proton self-transfer reaction 质子自递反应ion-product constant for water水的离子积polyprotic acids 多元酸polyacid bases多元碱electron theory of acid and base酸碱的电子理论solubility equilibrium 溶解平衡(precipitationequilibrium 沉淀平衡)solubility product costant 溶度积常数solubility 溶解度ion product 离子积fractional precipitate 分级沉淀polar 极性soluble 可溶的equilibrium constant 平衡常数proton 质子dissociate 解离equilibrium shift 平衡移动mass or material balance 物料守恒charge balance 电子守恒proton balance 质子守恒precise 准确的side-reaction 副反应第四章缓冲溶液Buffer solution 缓冲溶液Buffer action 缓冲作用Buffer system 缓冲系(buffer pair 缓冲对)Buffer-component ratio 缓冲比Buffer capacity 缓冲容量Buffer effective range 有效缓冲范围Plasma 血浆Ctotal 总浓度Dilution 稀释PBS 磷酸根的缓冲系(指磷酸二氢根和磷酸一氢根)第五章胶体colloid 胶体sol 溶胶macromolecular solution 高分子溶液associated colloid 缔合胶体degree of dispersion 分散度specific surface area 比表面surface energy 表面能Brownian movement 布朗运动diffusion 扩散sedimentation 沉降sedimentation equilibrium 沉降平衡electrophoresis 电泳electroosmosis 电渗diffused electric double layer 扩散双电层coagulation 聚沉polyelectrolyte 聚电解质isoelectric point 等电点salting out 盐析Donnan equilibrium 膜平衡(Donnan 平衡)surface active substance 表面活性物质surface tension 表面张力hydrophilic 亲水性hydrophobic 疏水性micelle 胶束critical micelle concentration CMC 临界胶束浓度emulsion 乳状胶emulsifying agent 乳化剂dispersion phase 分散相dispersion medium 分散介质radium 半径diameter 直径particle 粒子filtered 过滤scatter light 散色光(丁达尔效应)suspensions 悬浊液settle out 沉淀dialysis 透析optical 光学的第六章化学反应热及反应的方向的限度thermodynamics 热力学system 系统surrounding 环境opening system 开放系统closed system 封闭系统isolated system 隔离系统state 状态state function 状态函数extensive property 广度性质intensive property 强度性质process 过程isothermal process 等温过程isobar process 等压过程isovolumic process 等容过程adiabatic process 绝热过程cyclic process 循环过程heat 热work 功volume work 体积功reversible process 可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程thermodynamic number 热力学能(internal energy内能)the first low of thermodynamic 热力学第一定律enthalpy 焓stoichiometric number 化学计量数reactant 反应物product 产物extent of reaction 反应进度thermochemical equation 热化学方程式reaction 反应standard state 标准态aqueous solution 水溶液graphite 石墨diamond 金刚石standard molar enthalpy of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard molar enthalpy of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧热spontaneous process 自发过程entropy 熵the third law of thermodynamics 热力学的三定律conventional entropy 规定熵standard molar entropy 标准摩尔熵principle of entropy increase 熵增加原理Gibbs free energy Gibbs 自由能standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation 标准摩尔生成Gibbs自由能standard equilibrium constant 标准平衡常数experimental equilibrium constant 实验平衡常数species 物种multiple equilibrium 多重平衡coupling reaction 耦合反应shift of chemical equilibrium 化学平衡移动第七章化学反应速率chemical kinetics 化学动力学rate of chemical reaction 化学反应速率average rate 平均速率instantaneous rate 瞬时速率reaction mechanism 反应机制elementary reaction 元反应complex reaction 复杂反应ratedetermining step 速率控制步骤molecularity of reaction 反应分子数law of mass action 质量作用定律rate law(rate equation) 速率方程rate constant 速率常数reaction order 反应级数first-order reaction 一级反应half-life 半衰期pseudo-first-order reaction 准一级反应second-order reaction 二级反应zero-order reaction 零级反应collision theory 碰撞理论effective collision 有效反应elastic collision 弹性形状activated molecule 活化分子activated energy 活化能transition state theory 过渡态理论activated complex 活化络合物energy barrier 能垒catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化效应homogeneous catalysis 均相催化heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化active site 活性点enzyme 酶substrate 底物第八章氧化还原反应与电极电位oxidation-reduction reaction 氧化反应oxidation number 氧化值(氧化值)apparent charge number 表观荷电数oxidation reaction 氧化反应notation of cell 电池组成式reduction reaction 还原反应reduction agent 还原剂oxidizing agent 氧化剂redox half-reaction 氧化还原半反应oxidized species 氧化性物质reduced species 还原性物质redox electric couple 氧化还原电对salt bridge 盐桥primary cell 原电池half-cell 半电池electrode 电极anode 负极cathode 阳极cell reaction 电池反应electrode potential 电极电位standard hydrogen electrode,SHE标准氢电池electromotive force,emf电动势standard electrode potential 标准电极电位Faraday constant、法拉第常数Nernst equation Nernst方程reference electrode 参比电极indicator electrode 指导电极calomel electrode 甘汞电极saturated calomel electrode SEC饱和甘汞电极glass electrode 玻璃电极combination electrode 复合电极operational definition of pH pH操作定义第九章原子机构和元素周期律nuclear model 有核模型Planck constant 普朗克常数line spectrum 线状光谱stationary state 定态energy level 能级ground state 基态excited state 激发态transition 跃态principal quantum number 主量子数particle-wave duality 波粒二象性de Broglie relation de Broglie关系式probability wave 概率波uncertainty principle 测不准原理Schrödinger’s equation Schrödinger’s方程wave function 波函数probability density 概率密度electron cloud 电子云atomic orbital 原子轨道quantum number 量子数principal quantum number 主量子数(符号n)shell 电子层orbital angular momentum quantum number 轨道角动量量子数(符号l)subshell或sublevel 亚电子层magnetic quantum number 磁量子数(符号m) equivalent orbit 简并轨道(等价轨道)spin angular momentum quantum number 自旋角动量量子数(符号s)radial wave function 径向波函数angular wave function 角度波函数lobe 波瓣nodal plane 节面radial distribution function 径向波函数screening effect 屏蔽作用screening constant 屏蔽常数effective nuclear charge 有效核常数electronic configuration 电子组态Pauli exclusion principle Pauli不相容原理Building-up principle或Aufbau principle构造原理Hund’s rule Hund规则atomic core 原子芯valence electron 价电子valence electron 电子层(价层)period 周期group 族block 区transition element 过渡元素inner transition element 内过渡元素rare earth element 稀土元素atomic radius 原子半径covalent radius 共价半径van der waals radius van der waals半径metallic radius 金属半径ionic radius 离子半径electronegativity 电负性macroelement 常量元素microelement or trace clement 微量或痕量元素poisonous or harmful element 有毒或有害元素第十章共价键与分子间力Chemical bond 化学键Intermolecular force 分子间作用力Valence bond theory 简称VB 价键理论Molecular orbit theory 简称MO分子轨道理论ground state 基态repellent state 排斥态normal covalent bond 正常共价键coordinate covalent bond 配位共价键(coordinate bond 配位键)lone pair electron 孤对电子bond parameter 键参数dissociation energy 解离能bond length 键长bond angle 键角nonpolar covalent bond 非极性共价键polar covalent bond 极性共价键hybrid orbital theory 杂化轨道理论hybridization 杂化hybrid orbital 杂化轨道equivalent hybridization 等性杂化nonequivalent hybridization 不等性杂化valence shell pair repulsion theory 简称VSEPR 价层电子对互斥理论linear combination of atomic orbitals LOCAO 原子轨道波函数的线性组合bonding molecular orbital 成键分子轨道antibonding molecular orbital 反键分子轨道nonbonding orbital 非键轨道bond order 键级localized bond 定域键delocalized bond 离域键free radical 自由基或游离基active oxygen free radical 活性氧自由基triplet oxygen 三线态氧singlet oxygen 单线态氧disproportion 歧化nonpolar molecule 非极性分子polar molecule 极性分子electric dipole moment 电偶极矩permanent dipole 永久偶极orientation force 取向力induction force 诱导力dispersion force 色散力hydrogen bond 氢键sort out by泡芙小民,如有错误,欢迎指正1843493277@。
常用化学英语知识点归纳
常用化学英语知识点归纳化学英语是指在化学学科领域中所使用的英语词汇、表达方式以及相关知识点。
在化学实验、研究和教学等方面,化学英语扮演着重要的角色。
下面将详细介绍一些常用的化学英语知识点。
一、化学实验1. 实验室设备和器具的英文名称:- Beaker:烧杯- Test tube:试管- Flask:烧瓶- Burette:滴定管- Pipette:移液管- Distillation apparatus:蒸馏装置- Evaporating dish:蒸发皿- Crucible:坩埚- Bunsen burner:本生灯- Thermometer:温度计- Balance:天平2. 实验操作和步骤的常用表达方式:- Add:加入- Pour:倾倒- Mix:混合- Stir:搅拌- Heat:加热- Cool:冷却- Filter:过滤- Evaporate:蒸发- Precipitate:沉淀- Measure:测量- Weigh:称量- Calculate:计算- Record:记录3. 化学实验中常见的实验现象和结果的英文表达:- Change:变化- Reaction:反应- Reaction rate:反应速率- Precipitation:沉淀- Dissolve:溶解- Evaporation:蒸发- Combustion:燃烧- Oxidation:氧化- Reduction:还原- Color change:颜色变化- Gas formation:产生气体- Odor:气味- pH change:pH值变化二、化学元素和化合物1. 化学元素的英文名称:- Hydrogen:氢- Carbon:碳- Oxygen:氧- Nitrogen:氮- Sodium:钠- Potassium:钾- Iron:铁- Copper:铜- Gold:金- Silver:银2. 化合物的命名和表示方法:- Chemical formula:化学式- Molecular formula:分子式- Structural formula:结构式- Empirical formula:经验式- Ionic compound:离子化合物- Covalent compound:共价化合物- Organic compound:有机化合物- Inorganic compound:无机化合物- Acid:酸- Base:碱- Salt:盐3. 化学反应和方程式的表达方式:- Reactant:反应物- Product:产物- Chemical equation:化学方程式- Balanced equation:平衡方程式- Stoichiometry:化学计量- Catalyst:催化剂- Rate of reaction:反应速率- Equilibrium:平衡- Redox reaction:氧化还原反应- Acid-base reaction:酸碱反应- Combustion reaction:燃烧反应三、化学性质和分析方法1. 化学性质的英文表达:- Acidic:酸性的- Basic:碱性的- Alkaline:碱性的- Reactive:反应性的- Flammable:易燃的- Soluble:可溶解的- Insoluble:不溶解的- Stable:稳定的- Volatile:易挥发的- Toxic:有毒的2. 化学分析方法的英文名称:- Titration:滴定法- Spectroscopy:光谱分析- Chromatography:色谱法- Mass spectrometry:质谱分析- Electrochemistry:电化学分析- Atomic absorption spectroscopy:原子吸收光谱- Gas chromatography:气相色谱- High-performance liquid chromatography:高效液相色谱- Infrared spectroscopy:红外光谱- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy:核磁共振光谱四、物质计量和单位1. 常用的化学计量单位的英文缩写:- Gram:克- Milligram:毫克- Kilogram:千克- Liter:升- Milliliter:毫升- Microliter:微升- Moles:摩尔- Kilomoles:千摩尔- Atomic mass unit:原子质量单位- Molar mass:摩尔质量2. 温度、压力和浓度的英文表示方式:- Celsius:摄氏度- Kelvin:开尔文- Fahrenheit:华氏度- Pressure:压力- Atmosphere:大气压强- Pascal:帕斯卡- Concentration:浓度- Molarity:摩尔浓度- Mass concentration:质量浓度- Volume concentration:体积浓度以上只是化学英语知识点的一小部分,涵盖了化学实验、化学元素和化合物、化学性质和分析方法以及物质计量和单位等方面的内容。
化学英语基础知识
Introduction to Chemistry 化学入门Matter 物质Definition of Water(物质的定义) States of Matter(物质的状态)Composition of Matter (物质的构成) Chemical and Physical Properties(化学性质和物理性质)Chemical and Physical Changes (化学变化和物理变化) Conservation of Mass (质量守恒) Energy 能量Definition of Energy(能量的定义) Forms of Energy(能量的形式)Types of Reactions(Exothermic Versus Endothermic) 反应类型(放热对吸热)Conservation of Energy (能量守恒) Conservation of Mass and Energy(质能守恒) Scientific Method(科学方法)Measurements and Calculations(测量和计算)Metric System(指标系统) Temperature Measurements(温度测量) Heat Measurements(热量测量) Scientific Notation (科学记数法) Factor-Label Method of Conversion (Dimensional Analysis) 转换方法(量纲分析) Precision, Accuracy, and Uncertainty(精密度,准确度,不确定度) Significant Figures(有效数字) Calculations with Significant Figures (有效数字的计算)Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements 原子结构和化学元素周期表History 历史Electric Nature of Atoms 原子的电本质Basic Electric Charges(基本电荷) Bohr Model of the Atom(原子的波尔模型) Components of Atomic Structure(原子结构构成) Calculating Average Atomic Mass(计算平均原子量) Oxidation Number and Valence(氧化数和化合价) Metallic, Nonmetallic, and Noble Gas Structures(易失电子,易得电子,惰性气体结构) Reactivity(反应)Atomic Spectra 原子光谱Spectroscopy(光谱学) Mass Spectroscopy (质谱学) The Wave-Mechanical Model 波动力学模型 Quantum Numbers(量子数) Hu nd’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity 最大多重性洪特法则Sublevels and Electron Configuration 原子内电子排布Order of Filing and Notation(电子填充次序和命名) Electron Dot Notation(Lewis Dot Structures)(Lewis 点结构) Noble Gas Notation(稀有气体元素) Transition Elements and Variable Oxidation Numbers(过渡元素和可变的氧化数)Period Table of the Elements(元素周期表)History(历史) Periodic Law(周期律) The Table(周期表) Properties Related to thePeriodic Table(元素周期表的性质) Radii of Atoms(原子半径) Atomic Radii in Periods (同周期的原子半径) Atomic Radii in Groups(同族的原子半径) Ionic Radius Compared to Atomic Radius(相对原子半径的离子半径) Electro negativity(电负性) Electron Affinity (电子亲和能) Ionization Energy(电离能)Bonding 化学键Types of Bonds 化学键类型Ionic Bonds(离子键) Covalent Bonds(共价键) Metallic Bonds(金属键)Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 分子间的吸引力Dipole-Dipole Attraction (极性分子间的吸引力) London Forces(伦敦力) Hydrogen Bonds (氢键) Double and Triple Bonds(双键和三键) Resonance Structures(共振结构)Molecular Geometry—VSEPR—and Hybridization 分子几何学—价层电子对互斥理论和杂化轨道理论VSEPR—Electrostatic Repulsion(VSEPR—价层电子对互斥理论) VSEPR and Unshared Electron (VSEPR和非共享电子对) VSEPR and Molecular Geometry(VSEPR和分子几何学) Hybridization (杂化轨道理论) Sigma and Pi Bonds (Sigma键和Pi键)Properties of Ionic Substances(离子化合物的性质)Properties of Molecular Crystals and Liquids (分子晶体与液晶的性质)Chemical Formulas 化学分子式Writing Formulas (写分子式)General Observations About Oxidation States and Formula Writing (氧化状态和分子式写作的一般性结论) More About Oxidation Numbers (关于氧化数) Naming Compounds (化合物命名) Chemical Formulas (化学分子式) Laws of Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions (定比定律和倍比定律) Writing and Balancing Simple Equations (写作和平衡简单方程式) Showing Phases in Chemical Equations (化学平衡式) Writing Ionic Equations (书写离子方程式)Gases and the Gas Laws 气体和气体定律Introduction—Gases in the Environment(入门—环境中的气体) Some Representative Gases (一些有代表性的气体) Oxygen(氧气) Hydrogen(氢气) General Characteristics of Gases (气体的基本特征) Measuring the Pressure of a Gas(测量气压) Kinetic Molecular Theory (气体动力论) Some Particular Properties of Gases(气体的特殊性质) Gas Laws and Related Problems(气体定律和相关的难题)Graham’s Law(格锐目定律)Charles’s Law(查理定律)Boyle’s Law(波义耳定律) Combined Gas Law(混合气体定律) Pressure Versus Temperature(气压和温度)Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures (道尔顿分压定律) Corrections of Pressure(压力校正) Ideal Gas Law(理想气体定律) Ideal Gas Deviations (理想气体偏差)Chemical Calculations (Stoichiometry) and the Mole Concept 化学计算器和摩尔内容Solving Problems in Chemistry(解答化学难题) The Mole Concept(摩尔内容) Molar Mass and Moles(摩尔质量和摩尔) Mole Relationships(摩尔关系) Gas Volumes and Molar Mass (气体体积和摩尔质量) Density and molar Mass(密度和摩尔质量) Mass-Volume Relationships(摩尔与体积的关系) Mass-Mass Problems(质量—质量难题) Problems with an Excess of One Reactant(涉及某一反应物多余的难题)Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 液体,固体和状态变化Liquids(液体) Importance of Intermolecular Interaction(分子间相互作用的重要性)Kinetics of Liquids(液体动力学) Viscosity(粘性) Surface Tension(表面张力) Capillary Action(毛细作用) Phase Equilibrium(平衡状态) Boiling Point(沸点) Critical Temperature and Pressure(临界温度和临界压力) Solids(固体) Phase Diagrams(状态图表) Water(水) History of Water(水的历史) Purification of Water(水净化) Composition of Water(水的构成) Properties and Uses of Water(水的性质和使用)Water’s Reactions with Anhydrides(水和碱性氧化物的反应) Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding(极性和氢键)Solubility(可溶性) General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原则) Factors That AffectRate of Solubility(影响溶解率的因素) Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility(溶液类型和类型之间关系的总结) Water Solutions(水处理) Continuum of Water Mixtures(水混合溶剂) Expressions of Concentration(浓度的表达) Dilution (稀释) Colligative Properties of Solutions(溶液的依数性) Crystallization(结晶化)Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry 化学反应和热化学Types of Reactions(反应类型) Predicting Reactions(预知化学反应) Combination(Known Also as Synthesis)(化合反应) Decomposition(Known Also as Analysis)(分解反应) Single Replacement(置换反应) Double Replacement(复分解反应) Hydrolysis Reactions(水解反应) Entropy(熵) Thermochemistry(热化学) Changes in Enthalpy(焓变化) Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law(反应热加成性定律—赫士定律) Bond Dissociation Energy (键裂解能) Enthalpy from Bond Energies(键能中的键焓)Rates of Chemical Reactions 化学反应速率Measurements of Reaction Rates(反应速率的测量) Factors Affecting Reaction Rates(影响反应速率的因素) Collision Theory of Reaction Rates(化学反应速率的碰撞理论)Activation Energy(激活能) Reaction Rate Law(化学反应速率定律) Reaction Mechanism and Rates of Reaction(化学反应机制和化学反应速率)Chemical Equilibrium化学平衡Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium(可逆反应和平衡)Le Chatelier’s Principle(化学平衡移动原理—勒复特列原理) Effects of Changing Conditions(条件变化的影响) Effect of Changing the Concentrations(浓度改变的影响) Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium (平衡中温度改变的影响) Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium(平衡中压力改变的影响)Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems(异构系统中的平衡) Equilibrium Constant for Systems Involving Solids(涉及固体的系统平衡常数) Acid Ionization Constants(酸电离常数) Ionization Constant of Water(水电离常数) Solubility Products(溶解度产物) CommonIon Effect(同离子效应) Driving Forces of Reactions(反应推动力) Relation of Minimum Energy(Enthalpy) to Maximum Disorder(Entropy)(焓—熵关系) Change in Free Energy of a System—the Gibbs Equation(系统中自由能的变化—吉布斯公式)Acids, Bases, and Salts 酸,碱,盐Definitions and Properties(定义和性质) Acids(酸) Bases(碱) Broader Acid-Base Theories (酸—碱理论) Conjugate Acids and Bases(共轭酸碱) Strengh of Conjugate Acids and Bases (共轭酸碱强度) Acid Concentration Expressed as pH(pH表示为酸浓度) Indicators(指示剂) Titration—Volumetric Analysis(滴定—容量分析法) Buffer Solutions(缓冲溶液)Salts(盐) Amphoteric Substances(两性物质) Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern(酸雨—共同关心的环境问题)Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry 氧化—还原反应和电化学Ionization(电离) Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry(氧化---还原反应和电化学)Voltaic Cells(伏打电池) Electrode Potentials(电极电位) Electrolytic Cells(电解池) Applications of Electrochemical Cells(Commercial Voltaic Cells)(电化电池的应用)Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis(电解现象) Relationship Between Quantity of Electricity and Amount of Products(电量和数量的关系) Balancing Redox Equations Using Oxidation Numbers(用氧化数配平氧化还原方程式) The Ion-Electron Method(离子—电子法)Some Representative Groups and Families 一些有代表性的元素族Sulfur Family(S族) Sulfuric Acid(硫酸) Other Important Compounds of Sulfur(S元素的其他重要化合物) Halogen Family(卤素) Some important Halides and Their Uses (一些重要的卤化物及其应用) Nitrogen Family(氮族) Nitric Acid(硝酸) Other Important Compounds of Nitrogen(N元素的其他重要化合物) Other Members of the Nitrogen Family(N族的其他区成员) Metals(金属) Properties of Metals(金属性质) Some Important Reduction Methods(一些重要的还原方法) Alloys(铝) Metalloids(非金属)Carbon and Organic Chemistry 碳和有机化学Carbon(碳) Forms of Carbon(碳的构成) Carbon Dioxide(二氧化碳) Organic Chemistry (有机化学) Hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物) Alkane Series(Saturated)(烷烃) Alkene Series(Unsaturated) AlkyneSeries(Unsaturated)(炔属烃) Aromatics(芳烃) Isomers(异构体) Changing Hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物的改变) Hydrocarbon Derivatives(碳氢化合物的衍生物) Alcohols—Methanol an Ethanol(酒精—甲醇和乙醇) Other Alcohols(其他酒精)Aldehydes(乙醛) Organic Acids or Carboxylic Acids(有机酸和羧酸) Ketones(酮) Ethers (醚) Amines and Amino Acids(胺和氨基酸) Esters(酯) Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)Monosaccharides and Disaccharides(单糖和二糖) Polysaccharides(多糖) Polymers(聚合体)Nucleonics 原子核物理学Radioactivity(放射热) The Nature of Radioactive Emissions(放射的本质) Methods of Detection of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays(α,β和γ射线) Decay Series, Transmutations, and Half-life(衰变,嬗变和半衰期) Radioactive Dating(放射年代测定法) Nuclear Energy (核能) Conditions for Fission(核裂变条件) Methods of Obtaining Fissionable Material (得到裂变材料的方法) Fusion(核聚变) Radiation Exposure(辐射暴露)The Laboratory 实验室Technology in the Laboratory(实验室里的技术) Some Basic Setups(一些基本步骤) Summary of Qualitative Tests(定性测试总结)Ⅰ. Identification of Some Common Gases(常见气体认证)Ⅱ. Identific ation of Some Negative Ions(负离子认证)Ⅲ . Identification of Some Positive Ions(正离子认证)Ⅳ .Qualitative Tests of Some Metals(金属的定性测试)。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom(原子):物质的基本单位,由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant(反应物):参与化学反应的物质。
Product(物):化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst(催化剂):能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid(固体):具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid(液体):具有一定体积,无固定形状的物质。
Gas(气体):无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid(酸):在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base(碱):在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt(盐):由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution(溶液):由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent(溶剂):能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute(溶质):被溶解的物质。
Concentration(浓度):溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry(有机化学):研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group(官能团):决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer(聚合物):由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry(无机化学):研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal(晶体):具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction(氧化还原反应):涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry(物理化学):研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond(化学键):原子间相互作用力,使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics(热力学):研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry(分析化学):研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
基础化学名词解释
基础化学名词解释• 1.osmolarity 渗透浓度:渗透活性物质的物质的量除以溶液的体积• 2.buffer•①buffer solution 缓冲溶液:能够抵抗少量外来强酸、强碱而保持PH 基本不变的溶液•②buffer action 缓冲作用:缓冲溶液对强酸、强碱或稀释的抵抗作用• 3.buffer capacity 缓冲容量:表示单位体积缓冲溶液的PH发生一定变化时,所能抵抗的外加一元强酸或一元强碱的物质的量。
• 4. common ion effect 同离子效应:在弱酸或弱碱的水溶液中,加入易溶强电解质,生成与弱酸或弱碱的解离相同的离子,使弱酸或弱碱的解离度降低的现象• 5 elementary reaction 元反应:凡是反应物分子经直接碰撞一步就能转化为产物的化学反应• 6 . chelating effect 螯合反应:由于生产螯合物而使配合物稳定性大大增加的作用•7. isotonic solution 等渗溶液:渗透压力相等的两种溶液互称为等渗溶液。
•8.electrophoresis 电泳:在电场作用下,带电胶粒在介质中的运动•9. equivalent hybridization 等性杂化:杂化后所形成的几个杂化轨道所含原来轨道成分的比例相等,能量完全相同。
•10 nonequivalent hybridization 不等性杂化:杂化后所形成的几个杂化轨道所含原来轨道成分的比例不相等而能量不完全相同•11 primary cell 原电池:将氧化还原反应的化学能转化为电能的装置•12. Diamagnetic 抗磁性:抗磁性物质中不含单电子•w of mass action 质量作用定律:当温度一定时,元反应的反应速率与各反应物浓度的幂之积成正比(化学反应计量方程式中相应的系数为指数)•14.Hess’law 一个化学反应,不管是一步完成还是分几步完成,反应热都是相同的•15. electronegativity 电负性:用于量度分子中原子对成键电子吸引能力的相对大小•16. emulsifying agent 乳化剂:能使乳状液稳定的第三种物质•17 surface active substance 表面活性物质:能显著降低水的表面张力的物质•18. hemolysis 溶血:若将红细胞置于纯水或稀NaCl溶液中,在显微镜下可以观察到红细胞逐渐涨大,最后破裂,释放出红细胞内的血红蛋白使溶液染成红色,医学上将这一过程成为细胞溶血•19. half life. 半衰期:反应物反应掉一半所需要的时间•20 reaction order 反应级数:根据速率关系式,化学反应通常的分类方式。
基础化学常用英语词汇
诱导效应t inductive effect红外光谱 infrared spectrum仪器分析 instrumental analysis分子间作用力 Intermolecular Forces离子偶极力 Ion-Dipole Forces水的离子积 ion-product constant of water离子晶体 Ionic Solids电离 ionization电离能 Ionization Energy铁,铜,锌,汞 Iron Copper Zinc Mercury同分异构体 isomer同分异构现象 isomerism异构现象 Isomerism同位素,原子数,质量数 Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers
基础化学中课本单词总结
基础化学中课本单词总结第一章绪论matter 实物field 场snbstance 物质SI 国际单位制significant figure 有效数字scientific notation 科学计数法dispersed medium 分散系dispersed phase 分散相dispersed medium 分散介质homogeneous dispersed system 均相分散系heterogeneous dispersed system 非均相分散系phase 相amount of substance 物质的量mole 摩尔Avogadro constant 基本单元mass 质量Avogadro constant 阿伏伽德罗常数molar mass 质量amount-of-subtance concentration (物质的量)浓度mass concentration 质量浓度mole fraction 摩尔分数molality 质量摩尔浓度solution 溶液element 元素compound 化合物cation 阳离子anion 阴离子negative ion 阴离子molecule 分子atom 原子electronic 电子property 性质inorganic 无机的componential 成份exact number 有效数字aqueous solution 水溶液instrument 仪器composition 组成mixture 混合物entity 实体第二章稀薄溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solution 稀薄溶液的依数性evaporation 蒸发condensation 凝结(saturated) vapor pressure (饱和)蒸气压Sublimation 升华Vapor pressure lowering 蒸气压下降Boiling pint depression 沸点升高diffuse 扩散semi-permeable membrance 半透膜osmosis 渗透作用osmosis pressure 渗透压力osmolarity 渗透浓度isotonic solution 等渗溶液hypertonic solution 高渗溶液hypotonic solution 低渗溶液solute 溶质solvent 溶剂nonvolatile 难挥发的hemoglobin 血红蛋白conductivity 导电性fluid 流体第三章电解质溶液Electrolyte 电解质degree of dissociation 解离度ion interaction theory 离子相互作用理论ion atmosphere 离子氛activity 活度activity coefficient 活度因子ionic strength 离子强度acid-base equilibria 酸碱平衡acid dissociation constant 酸解离常数base dissociation constant 碱解离常数dilution law 稀释定律common-ion effect 同离子效应salt effect 盐效应Bronsted-lowry theory 酸碱质子理论half reaction of acid-base 酸碱半反应conjugate acid 共轭酸conjugate base 共轭碱amphoteric substance 两性物质proton-transfer reactions质子传递反应proton self-transfer reaction 质子自递反应ion-product constant for water水的离子积polyprotic acids 多元酸1polyacid bases多元碱electron theory of acid and base酸碱的电子理论solubility equilibrium 溶解平衡(precipitation equilibrium 沉淀平衡)solubility product costant 溶度积常数solubility 溶解度ion product 离子积fractional precipitate 分级沉淀polar 极性soluble 可溶的equilibrium constant 平衡常数proton 质子dissociate 解离equilibrium shift 平衡移动mass or material balance 物料守恒charge balance 电子守恒proton balance 质子守恒precise 准确的side-reaction 副反应第四章缓冲溶液Buffer solution 缓冲溶液Buffer action 缓冲作用Buffer system 缓冲系(buffer pair 缓冲对)Buffer-component ratio 缓冲比Buffer capacity 缓冲容量Buffer effective range 有效缓冲范围Plasma 血浆Ctotal 总浓度Dilution 稀释PBS 磷酸根的缓冲系(指磷酸二氢根和磷酸一氢根)第五章胶体colloid 胶体sol 溶胶macromolecular solution 高分子溶液associated colloid 缔合胶体degree of dispersion 分散度specific surface area 比表面surface energy 表面能Brownian movement 布朗运动diffusion 扩散sedimentation 沉降sedimentation equilibrium 沉降平衡electrophoresis 电泳electroosmosis 电渗diffused electric double layer 扩散双电层coagulation 聚沉polyelectrolyte 聚电解质isoelectric point 等电点salting out 盐析Donnan equilibrium 膜平衡(Donnan 平衡)surface active substance 表面活性物质surface tension 表面张力hydrophilic 亲水性hydrophobic 疏水性micelle 胶束critical micelle concentration CMC 临界胶束浓度emulsion 乳状胶emulsifying agent 乳化剂dispersion phase 分散相dispersion medium 分散介质radium 半径diameter 直径particle 粒子filtered 过滤scatter light 散色光(丁达尔效应)suspensions 悬浊液settle out 沉淀dialysis 透析optical 光学的第六章化学反应热及反应的方向的限度thermodynamics 热力学system 系统surrounding 环境opening system 开放系统closed system 封闭系统isolated system 隔离系统state 状态state function 状态函数extensive property 广度性质intensive property 强度性质process 过程isothermal process 等温过程isobar process 等压过程isovolumic process 等容过程adiabatic process 绝热过程cyclic process 循环过程heat 热2work 功volume work 体积功reversible process 可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程thermodynamic number 热力学能(internal energy内能)the first low of thermodynamic 热力学第一定律enthalpy 焓stoichiometric number 化学计量数reactant 反应物product 产物extent of reaction 反应进度thermochemical equation 热化学方程式reaction 反应standard state 标准态aqueous solution 水溶液graphite 石墨diamond 金刚石standard molar enthalpy of formation 标准摩尔生成焓standard molar enthalpy of combustion 标准摩尔燃烧热spontaneous process 自发过程entropy 熵the third law of thermodynamics 热力学的三定律conventional entropy 规定熵standard molar entropy 标准摩尔熵principle of entropy increase 熵增加原理Gibbs free energy Gibbs 自由能standard molar Gibbs free energy of formation 标准摩尔生成Gibbs自由能standard equilibrium constant 标准平衡常数experimental equilibrium constant 实验平衡常数species 物种multiple equilibrium 多重平衡coupling reaction 耦合反应shift of chemical equilibrium 化学平衡移动第七章化学反应速率chemical kinetics 化学动力学rate of chemical reaction 化学反应速率average rate 平均速率instantaneous rate 瞬时速率reaction mechanism 反应机制elementary reaction 元反应complex reaction 复杂反应ratedetermining step 速率控制步骤molecularity of reaction 反应分子数law of mass action 质量作用定律rate law(rate equation) 速率方程rate constant 速率常数reaction order 反应级数first-order reaction 一级反应half-life 半衰期pseudo-first-order reaction 准一级反应second-order reaction 二级反应zero-order reaction 零级反应collision theory 碰撞理论effective collision 有效反应elastic collision 弹性形状activated molecule 活化分子activated energy 活化能transition state theory 过渡态理论activated complex 活化络合物energy barrier 能垒catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化效应homogeneous catalysis 均相催化heterogeneous catalysis 多相催化active site 活性点enzyme 酶substrate 底物第八章氧化还原反应与电极电位oxidation-reduction reaction 氧化反应oxidation number 氧化值(氧化值)apparent charge number 表观荷电数oxidation reaction 氧化反应notation of cell 电池组成式reduction reaction 还原反应reduction agent 还原剂oxidizing agent 氧化剂redox half-reaction 氧化还原半反应oxidized species 氧化性物质reduced species 还原性物质redox electric couple 氧化还原电对salt bridge 盐桥primary cell 原电池half-cell 半电池electrode 电极anode 负极cathode 阳极cell reaction 电池反应3electrode potential 电极电位standard hydrogen electrode,SHE标准氢电池electromotive force,emf电动势standard electrode potential 标准电极电位Faraday constant、法拉第常数Nernst equation Nernst方程reference electrode 参比电极indicator electrode 指导电极calomel electrode 甘汞电极saturated calomel electrode SEC饱和甘汞电极glass electrode 玻璃电极combination electrode 复合电极operational definition of pH pH操作定义第九章原子机构和元素周期律nuclear model 有核模型Planck constant 普朗克常数line spectrum 线状光谱stationary state 定态energy level 能级ground state 基态excited state 激发态transition 跃态principal quantum number 主量子数particle-wave duality 波粒二象性de Broglie relation de Broglie关系式probability wave 概率波uncertainty principle 测不准原理Schrödinger’s equation Schrödinger’s方程wave function 波函数probability density 概率密度electron cloud 电子云atomic orbital 原子轨道quantum number 量子数principal quantum number 主量子数(符号n)shell 电子层orbital angular momentum quantum number 轨道角动量量子数(符号l)subshell或sublevel 亚电子层magnetic quantum number 磁量子数(符号m) equivalent orbit 简并轨道(等价轨道)spin angular momentum quantum number 自旋角动量量子数(符号s)radial wave function 径向波函数angular wave function 角度波函数lobe 波瓣nodal plane 节面radial distribution function 径向波函数screening effect 屏蔽作用screening constant 屏蔽常数effective nuclear charge 有效核常数electronic configuration 电子组态Pauli exclusion principle Pauli不相容原理Building-up principle或Aufbau principle构造原理Hund’s rule Hund规则atomic core 原子芯valence electron 价电子valence electron 电子层(价层)period 周期group 族block 区transition element 过渡元素inner transition element 内过渡元素rare earth element 稀土元素atomic radius 原子半径covalent radius 共价半径van der waals radius van der waals半径metallic radius 金属半径ionic radius 离子半径electronegativity 电负性macroelement 常量元素microelement or trace clement 微量或痕量元素poisonous or harmful element 有毒或有害元素第十章共价键与分子间力Chemical bond 化学键Intermolecular force 分子间作用力Valence bond theory 简称VB 价键理论Molecular orbit theory 简称MO分子轨道理论ground state 基态repellent state 排斥态normal covalent bond 正常共价键coordinate covalent bond 配位共价键(coordinate bond 配位键)lone pair electron 孤对电子bond parameter 键参数dissociation energy 解离能bond length 键长bond angle 键角nonpolar covalent bond 非极性共价键4polar covalent bond 极性共价键hybrid orbital theory 杂化轨道理论hybridization 杂化hybrid orbital 杂化轨道equivalent hybridization 等性杂化nonequivalent hybridization 不等性杂化valence shell pair repulsion theory 简称VSEPR 价层电子对互斥理论linear combination of atomic orbitals LOCAO 原子轨道波函数的线性组合bonding molecular orbital 成键分子轨道antibonding molecular orbital 反键分子轨道nonbonding orbital 非键轨道bond order 键级localized bond 定域键delocalized bond 离域键free radical 自由基或游离基active oxygen free radical 活性氧自由基triplet oxygen 三线态氧singlet oxygen 单线态氧disproportion 歧化nonpolar molecule 非极性分子polar molecule 极性分子electric dipole moment 电偶极矩permanent dipole 永久偶极orientation force 取向力induction force 诱导力dispersion force 色散力hydrogen bond 氢键sort out by泡芙小民,如有错误,欢迎指正5。
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语
中英文科技论文写作之化学术语引言在科技领域,化学是一个非常重要的学科。
为了确保科技论文的准确性和可理解性,正确使用化学术语是至关重要的。
然而,对于非英语母语的作者来说,掌握化学术语的中英文翻译并正确运用在论文中可能是一个挑战。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学术语的中英文对照,帮助非英语母语作者更好地撰写科技论文。
一、化学基础词汇1.1 元素(Elements)元素是化学最基本的单位,由原子组成。
例如,氢(hydrogen)是一种元素,其化学符号为H。
以下是一些常见元素的英文名称及其化学符号:•氧(Oxygen)—— O•碳(Carbon)—— C•氮(Nitrogen)—— N•铁(Iron)—— Fe•铜(Copper)—— Cu1.2 化合物(Compounds)化合物是由不同元素按照一定比例结合而成的物质。
例如,水(water)是一种由氢和氧组成的化合物,其化学式为H2O。
以下是一些常见化合物的英文名称及其化学式:•二氧化碳(Carbon Dioxide)—— CO2•氨(Ammonia)—— NH3•氮氧化物(Nitric Oxide)—— NO•氯化钠(Sodium Chloride)—— NaCl二、基本理论和原理术语2.1 反应(Reactions)反应是指物质之间发生的化学变化过程。
以下是一些常见的反应类型的中英文对照:•氧化反应(Oxidation Reaction)•还原反应(Reduction Reaction)•酸碱中和反应(Acid-Base Neutralization Reaction)•电解反应(Electrolysis Reaction)2.2 摩尔(Moles)摩尔是一种用来计量化学物质的单位。
以下是一些与摩尔相关的术语的中英文对照:•摩尔质量(Molar Mass)•摩尔浓度(Molar Concentration)•摩尔比(Molar Ratio)2.3 平衡(Equilibrium)化学反应可以达到平衡态,意味着反应速率的正向和反向过程相互抵消,达到动态平衡。
高中化学英语词汇
高中化学英语词汇foundation chemistry 基础化学Chapter 1acid 酸apparatus 仪器,装置aqueous solution 水溶液arrangement of electrons 电子排列assumption 假设atom 原子(化学变化中的最小粒子)atomic mass 原子量atomic number 原子序数atomic radius 原子半径atomic structure 原子结构be composed of 由……组成bombardment 撞击boundary 界限cathode rays 阴极射线cathode-ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器ceramic 陶器制品charge-clouds 电子云charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比(质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示)chemical behaviour 化学行为chemical property 化学性质(物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质)clockwise 顺时针方向的compound 化合物(由不同元素组成的纯净物)configuration 构型copper 铜correspond to 相似corrosive 腐蚀d-block elements d 区元素deflect 使偏向,使转向derive from 源于deuterium 氘diffuse mixture 扩散混合物distance effect 距离效应distil 蒸馏distinguish 区别distribution 分布doubly charged(2 ) ion 正二价离子dye 染料effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响electrical charge 电荷electrical field 电场electrically neutral atom 电中性原子electricity 电electrolysis 电解electron 电子(负电荷粒子,电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位)electron shielding 电子屏蔽element 元素(具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称)emission spectrum 发射光谱(根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱)energy level 能态,能级(稳态能量,有相同主量数的电子壳层)fertiliser 肥料first ionisation energy 一级电离能fluorescent screen 荧光屏fluoride 氟化物fuel 燃料fundamental substance 基础物质fuzzy 模糊的galaxy 星系,银河gas 气体gaseous state 气态gravity 重力GroupⅠ第一族Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸identical 同一的,相等的in terms of 根据,在……方面innermost 最内的,最深的interaction 相互作用internal structure 内部结构interpret 解释investigate 研究,调查ionisation energy 电离能(从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量,以电子伏特eV表示)ionise 电离isotope 同位素(原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素)J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验Latin 拉丁lepton 轻粒子liquid 液体magnet 磁铁magnetic field 磁场Maltese Cross 马耳他十字marble 大理石mass number 质量数matter 物质metal foil 金箔meteorite 陨星microbe 微生物,细菌Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验model-building 模型建筑mole 摩尔(表示一个系统的物质的量的单位,该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒)molecule 分子(保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子)narrow beam 狭窄的光线negative electrode(cathode)阴极negligible 可以忽略的neutron 中子nitrate 硝酸盐noble gas 稀有气体normal pressures 常压nuclear charge (原子)核电荷nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型nuclear reaction 核反应nucleus (pl.nuclei)核Orbital 轨道paraffin wax 石蜡particle 微粒,粒子Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理(每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子;而且,这两个电子自旋方向必须相反)Periodic Table 周期表physical property 物理性质(物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质,如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等)plastics 塑料plum-pudding 李子布丁positive charge 正电荷(带有质子的物质,用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒,在棒上会产生正电荷)positive electrode (anode) 阳极positively charged particle (ion) 离子potential difference 电位prediction 预言principal quantum number 主量子数(标示轨道电子的波函数,包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数,电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数)probe 探测,探究protium 氕proton 质子quantum (pl. quanta)量子(一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位)quantum mechanics 量子力学Quantum Theory 量子理论quark 夸克(组成基本粒子的更小的粒子)radioactive source 放射源repel 排斥repulsion 斥力respectively 分别地rung 梯级scattering effect 散射作用Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔(波动)方程(一偏微分方程,描述基本粒子波动性)scintillation 火花shell 电子壳层shielding effect 屏蔽效应simpler substance 单质(指由同种元素组成的纯净物)solid 固体sphere 球spin 自旋stable state 稳态sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子subset 子集,小团体successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能symbol 符号symmetry 对称the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道transition elements 过渡元素tritium 氚X-ray X 射线α-particles α粒子,即alpha-particle(带有两个质子和中子的粒子,即氦原子核,对物质的穿透力较强,流速约为光速的1/10)α-ray α 射线β-particles β粒子β-ray β射线γ-patticles γ粒子γ-rayγ 射线。
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基础化学常用英语词汇英文全称缩写中文Abstracts Abstr. 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴,年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目,题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报,公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文,题录Classification 分类,分类表College Coll. 学会,学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词,共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要,文摘Directory 名录,指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报,公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期(次)Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval System Medical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊V olume V ol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation变异系数(CV)190. confidence level置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution标准溶液195. titration滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard基准物质200. amount of substance物质的量201. standardization标定202. chemical reaction化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium化学平衡205. titer滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound螯合物234. metal indicator金属指示剂235. chelating agent螯合剂236. masking掩蔽237. demasking解蔽238. electron电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst催化剂242. reduction还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy反应的活化能247. redox couple氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251. cerimetry铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen溶解氧(DO) 256. precipitation沉淀反应257. argentimetry银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions多相离子平衡259. aging陈化260. postprecipitation继沉淀261. coprecipitation共沉淀262. ignition灼烧263. fitration过滤264. decantation倾泻法265. chemical factor化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity吸光率270. calibration curve校正曲线271. standard curve标准曲线272. monochromator单色器273. source光源274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift红移278. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclature系统命名法326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t 351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond length 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物常见英汉对照有机基名表acetamido CH3CONH─乙酰氨基acetenyl = ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基acetoacetyl CH3COCH2CO─乙酰乙酰基;3—氧丁酰基acetonyl CH3COCH2─丙酮基;乙酰甲基acetonylidene CH3COCH= 亚丙酮基acetoxy CH3COO─乙酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl CH3CO─乙酰(基)acetylene ①CH≡CH 乙炔②=CHCH= 双亚乙基acryloyl CH2=CHCO─丙烯酰alkoxy RO─(R=烷基或烃基)烷氧基allyl CH2=CHCH2─烯丙基β−;allyl = isopropenyl CH2=C(CH3)─β−;烯丙基;异丙烯基allylidene CH2=CHCH= 亚烯丙基allyloxy CH2=CHCH2O─烯丙氧基amido H2N─[严格说来此项英文名只能用来表示酰基上的氨基,但是英文常与amino混用]氨基amino H2N─氨基amyl = pentyl CH3(CH2)4─戊基tert-amyl = 1,1−;dimethylpropyl CH3CH3C(CH3)2─特戊基azido N3─叠氮基azo ─N=N─偶氮基azoxy ─N(O)N─氧化偶氮基benzal = benzylidene 苯亚甲基benzamido C6H5CONH─苯甲酰氨基benzenesulfinyl(参阅phenyleulfinyl)C6H5SO─苯亚磺酰benzenesulfonamido C6H5SO2NH─苯磺酰氨基benzenesulfonyl C6H5SO2─苯磺酰benzhydryl = diphenylmethylene 二苯甲基benzhydrylidene = diphenylmethylene 二苯亚甲基benzofuryl = benzofuranyl 苯并呋喃基;氧茚基benzoxy = benzoyloxy苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzoyl C6H5CO─苯甲酰benzoylene ─C6H5CO─(o、m或p)亚苯甲酰基(邻、间或对)benzoyloxy C6H5COO─苯甲酸基;苯甲酰氧基benzyl C6H5CH2─苄基;苯甲基benzylidene C6H5CH= 苯亚甲基benzylidyne C6H5C≡次苄基benzyloxy C6H5CH2O─苄氧基benzylthio C6H5CH2S─苄硫基;苯甲硫基biphenylene ─C6H4C6H4─亚联苯基biphenylenebisazo ─N=NC6H4C6H4N=N─联苯重氮亚基biphenylylcarbonyl C6H5C6H4CO─联苯羰基biphenylyloxy C6H5C6H4O─联苯氧基bromo Br─溴butadienyl CH2=CHCH=CH─丁间二烯基;1,3─丁二烯基1─butenyl CH3CH2CH=CH─丁烯基;1─丁烯基2─butenyl CH3CH=CHCH2─丁邻烯基;2─丁烯基3─butenyl CH2=CH(CH2)2─丁间烯基;3─丁烯基2─butenylene─CH2CH=CHCH2─1,4─亚丁─2─烯基butenylidene CH3CH=CHCH= 亚丁─2─烯基butenylidyne CH3CH=CHC≡次丁─2─烯基butoxy CH3(CH2)2CH2O─丁氧基sec-butoxy C2H5CH(CH3)O─仲丁氧基tert-butoxy (CH3)3CH2O─叔丁氧基butyl CH3(CH2)2CH2─丁基sec-butyl C2H5CH(CH3)─仲丁基tert-butyl (CH3)3C─叔丁基butyryl CH3CH2CH2CO─丁酰caproyl = hexanoyl 己酰capryl = decanoyl 癸酰capryloyl = octanoyl 辛酰carbamyl = carbamoyl H2NCO─氨(基)甲酰carbomethoxy = methoxycarbonyl 甲酯基;甲氧羰基carbonyl OC= 羰基;碳酰carboxy HOOC─羧基chloro Cl─氯代;氯基chloroformyl ClCO─氯甲酰;氯羰基cinnamenyl = styryl 苯乙烯基cinnamyl C6H5CH=CHCH2─肉桂基cresoxy = tolyloxy 甲苯氧基(邻、间或对)cresyl = ar-hydroxytoly或指tolyl 甲苯基(邻、间或对)crotonyl = crotonoyl 巴豆酰基cyano N≡C─氰基cyclobutyl C4H7─环丁基cycloheptyl C7H13─环庚基2,4─cyclohexadienyl CH2CH=CHCH=CHCH─2,4-环己二烯基cyclohexenyl C6H9─(3种异构物)环己(邻、间、对)烯基cyclohexyl C6H11─环己基cyclopentadienyl C5H5─环戊二烯基cyclopentenyl C5H7─环戊烯基cyclopentyl C5H9─环戊基cyclopropyl C3H5─环丙基cystyl ─COCH(NH2)CH2SSCH2CH(NH2)CO─胱氨基decanoyl CH3(CH2)8CO─癸酰decyl CH3(CH2)8CH2─癸基diazo ─N=N─或N=N= 重氮基diazoamino ─N=NNH─重氮亚氨基diazonium (N≡N)─重氮(化)dimethylamino (CH3)2N─二甲氨基diphenylmethyl (C6H5)2CH─二苯甲基dithio ─SS─二硫代dodecyl ─CH3(CH2)10CH2─十二(烷)基dotriacontyl CH3(CH2)30CH2─三十二(烷)基cicosyl CH3(CH2)18CH2─二十烷基epithio ─S─环硫;表硫;桥硫基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上] epoxy ─O─环氧;表氧;桥氧基[联在已与其它原子依别种方法相联结的两个原子上] ethene=ethylene ①乙烯②1,2-亚乙基ethenyl=ethylidyne或vinyl 乙烯基ethoxy C2H5O─乙氧基ethoxycarbonyl C2H5OOC─乙酯基;乙氧羰基ethoxyphenyl (C2H5O)C6H4─乙氧苯基ethyl CH3CH2─乙基ethylamino C2H5NH─乙胺基ethylene ─CH2CH2─①乙烯②1,2-乙基ethylenedioxy ─OCH2CH2O─亚乙二氧基ethylidene CH3CH= 亚乙基ethylidyne CH3C≡次乙基ethylthio CH3CH2S─乙硫基ethynyl CH≡C─乙炔基fluoto F─氟代formamido OHCNH─甲酰胺基formyl OHC─甲酰fomryloxy HCOO─甲酸基;甲酰氧基fumaryl ─COCH=CHCO─富马酰;(反式)丁二烯酰furyl OC4H3─呋喃基[两种异构物]geranyl C10H17─牦牛儿基glucosvl C6H11O5─葡(萄)糖基glyceryl ─CH2CHCH2─甘油基;丙三基glyoxylyl = glyoxyloyl 乙醛酰hendecyl = undecyl 十一(烷)基heneicosyl CH3(CH2)19CH2─二十一(烷)基hentriacontyl CH3(CH2)29CH2─三十一(烷)基heptacosyl CH3(CH2)25CH2─二十七(烷)基heptadecanoyl CH3(CH2)15CO─十七(烷)酰heptadecyl CH3(CH2)15CH2─十七(烷)基heptanoyl CH3(CH2)5CO2─庚酰heptyl CH3(CH2)5CH2─庚基hexacontyl CH3(CH2)58CH2─六十(烷)基hexacosyl CH3(CH2)24CH2─二十六(烷)基hexadecanoyl CH3(CH2)14CO─十六(烷)酰hexadecyl CH3(CH2)14CH2─十六(烷)基hexamethylene ─CH2(CH2)4CH2─六亚甲基;1.6-亚己基hexanoyl CH3(CH2)4CO─己酰hexyl CH3(CH2)4CH2─己基hexylidene CH3(CH2)5CH= 亚己基histidyl N2C3H3CH2CH(NH2)CO─组氨酰hydrazino H2NNH─肼基;联氨基hydrazo ─NHNH─1,2-亚肼基hydrazono H2NN= 亚肼基;亚联氨基hydroxamino = hydroxyamino 羟氨基hydroximino = hydroxyimino 肟基hydroxy HO─羟基hydroxyamino HONH─羟氨基hydroxymethyl HOCH2─羟甲基-idene 亚[加于任何一个基名之前,表示在联结处为双键] iodo I─碘代isoamyl = isopentyl 异戊基isobutenyl = 2-methylpropenyl 异丁烯基;2-甲基丙烯基isobutoxy (CH3)2CHCH2O─异丁氧基原名作取代基作官能团烷烃:hydrocarbon alkyl烯烃:alkenes alkenyl炔烃:alkynes alkynyl卤代烃:alkyl halides氟:fluorine fluoro氯:chlorine chloro溴:bromine bromo碘:iodine iodo酚:pehnols hydroxy -ol醇:alcohols hydroxy -ol醚:ethers R-oxy -ether胺:amines amino -amine醛:aldehydes R-oxycarbonyl -al/-carbaldenhyde酮:ketones R-oxycarbonyl -one羟酸:carboxylic acid carboxy -carboxylicacacid(含碳)-oicacid(不含碳)酰卤:actyl halides halocarbonyl -harboxylhalide(含碳)-oylhalide(不含碳)酸酐:acidanhydrogrides酯:esters R-oxycarbonyl -caronylate(含碳)-oate(不含碳)腈:nitriles cyano -carboxamide(含碳)-mitrile(不含碳)酰胺:amides carbamoyl -carboxamide(含碳)-amide(不含碳)硝基:nitro烷烯炔甲:methane methene methyne乙:ethane ethene ethyne丙:propane propene propyne丁:butane butene butyne戊:pentane pentene pentyne己:hexane hexene hexyne庚:heptane heptene heptyne辛:octane octene octyne壬:nonane nonene nonyne癸:decane decene decyne作取代基时:词尾改为-yl.连苯:biphenyl萘:naphthalene联萘:binaphthalene蒽:anthrancene菲:phenanthrene芘:pyrene甲苯:toluene二甲苯:邻:O-xylene间:m-xylene对:p-xylene苯乙烯:styrene苯胺:aniline苯酚:phenol苯甲醛:benzaldehyde苯磺酸:benzene sulfonic acid苯甲酸:benzoic acid呋喃:furan噻吩:thiophene吡唑:pyrazole咪唑:midazole噁唑:oxazole吡啶:pyridine哒嗪:pyrimidine吡嗪:pyrazine吡喃:pyran吲哚:indole喹啉:quinoline有机物英文前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106百万, 大meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6极微小milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔。