2019-2020学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题新人教版

2019学年度高二级第二学期期末试题（卷）英语满分120分，考试时间100分钟第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。

AOxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryThe Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary is recommended by teachers and students because it explains wordsin language students understand,gives useful example sentences and inc ludes the tools learners need to succeed in English.The new 9th edition with Oxford i Speaker and iWriter makes it the latest speaking and writing tool.Author：Margaret Deuter，Jennifer BradberyPrice：$29.95Paperback: 1900 pagesAmazon Bestsellers Rank: 95 in booksCollins English DictionaryAt the cutting edge of language change,Collins English Dictionary offers you all the latest words and phrasesyou need at your fingertips.Whether for study,at work,or on the go,you can check spellings, look up meaningsand words you need, every day.Author: HarperCollinsPrice: $25.99Paperback: 1920 pagesAmazon Bestsellers Rank: 227 in booksCambridge Advanced Learner's DictionaryIt is great for advanced learners of English and contains a large vocabulary,including words from the areas of technology, language and lifestyle, plus important 2 words for academic study.It is perfect as a reference tool and as a study companion.It is also great for exam preparation.Author：Cambridge UniversityPrice：$39.27Paperback: 1856 pagesAmazon Bestsellers Rank: 461 in booksLongman Handy Learner's DictionaryLongman is the very best for students learning English to study,live and work in North America.This dictionary provides lots of handy reference materials. This popular, pocket-size dictionary is great for students who need quick and easy reference to American words and phrases.Author: Pearson EducationPrice: $23.66Paperback: 528 pagesAmazon Bestsellers Rank: 1144 in books1. What is special about Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary?A. It gives useful example sentences.B. It is cheap and at the same time good.C. It is recommended by teachers and students.D. It is equipped with Oxford iSpeaker and iWriter.2．You can probably look up some newly-created words inA. Oxford Advanced Learner's DictionaryB. Longman Handy Learner's DictionaryC. Cambridge Advanced Learner's DictionaryD. Collins English Dictionary3．What do we know about Longman Handy Learner's Dictionary?A. It's the cheapest of the four dictionaries.B. It's helpful to improve your pronunciation.C. It's great for students to prepare for exams.D. It's good for British English learners.4．In what order are the dictionaries listed?A. The thickness of the dictionaries.B.The prices of the dictionaries.C. The Amazon ranks of the dictionaries.D.The functions of the dictionaries.BIf our kids don’t fall, they don’t learn to get up. I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from school. I’m the oldest of four children, and no doubt she’d had a long day with the other kids and it had slipped her mind. After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home, and when I got to my house, I shut our front door with anger, stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my mom’s face that she'd forgotten me.Later that night, my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day. I figured my mom would still take me, but when the morning came, she refused. It was midterm, and as a straight A student ready to start college applications, being late wasn't an option. In my mind, missing these tests would have been the end of my academic career. I begged my mom, I told her she was running my future and everything I worked for. But she held her ground, and that day, I walked to school. And I missed my tests.My mom didn’t rescue me from failure. She let me suffer from it. She let me figure it out. She let me learn. Now, as a mom myself, I’ve realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow, learn and think outside of ourselves. It’s how we self-educate to learn what’s right and respectable, and what’s not. It’s how we become responsible and enthusiastic.Falling down makes us better, because we learn how to get up.5. Why did the author shout at her mother?A. She was tired after walking home.B. She missed some important tests.C. Her mother had ruined her future.D. Her mother didn't pick her up home.6. What does the underlined phrase "held her ground" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Gave in to me.B. Said yes to me.C. Stayed in the place.D. Stuck to her decision.7. How does the author feel about her experience now?A. MercifulB. BeneficialC. DisappointedD. Embarrassed8. What is the best title for the text?A. Try to meet your kids' demands.B. Offer your kids help if necessary.C. Stop rescuing your kids from failure.D. Be responsible for your kids failure.CNaturally, parents praise their kids. They want to encourage their children every day. But when it comes to building self-esteem (自尊) in children, praise doesn't always have a positive effect, according to a special edition of the journal Child Development. The issue, edited by Eddie and Thomas, is focused on rese arch into how children develop a sense of self and building your child’s confidence takes different skills than you might think.Eddie points out that children are born without a sense of self, but it doesn’t take long before some kids have a lot of confidence and may feel superior to peers, while others may carry more self-doubt and see themselves as inferior." Yet no one really understands what causes children to view themselves the way they do. Surprisingly little is known about the origins of child ren’s self-concept," Eddie said. Research has found that when kids have a warm, loving relationship with their parents, they develop higher self-esteem. However, when they are given endless praise that is unequal to their achievements, their self-esteem may drop.Instead of lavish praise, parents should focus on warmth to build self-esteem, researchers have found—specifically, parents should show interest in their kids’ activities and share joy with them. This makes children feel noticed and value d. According to Eddie’s own research, children may develop lower self-esteem when their parents give them lots of positive and overstated praises. Too much praise can make children worry about disappointing their parents, and may lead to an unhealthy attitude toward failure. Other studies suggest that parents can teach children that failure is beneficial by encouraging kids to ask themselves, “Why didn’t I achieve the result I wanted, and what can I do to change the outcome in the future?”Additionally, it’s important for parents to encourage the belief that kids can develop basic abilities through devotion and hard work. Kids who are praised for their effort instead of their ability are more likely to develop a growth mindset, which have a positive impact on their confidence.9. What does the special edition of Child Development focus on?A. When is the best time to build a child’s self-esteem.B. What effect praise has on a child’s self understanding.C. How children develop their sense of self-esteem.D. How blaming and overpraise hurt a child’s confidence.10. How does too much praise hurt children’s self-esteem?A. They’ll be afraid of failing and disappointing their parents.B. They’ll have a false understanding of their ability an d fail.C. They’ll become too proud to get along with other children.D. They’ll focus more on their advantages than their weaknesses.11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Children’s effort will help to build their confidence.B. Children should he taught the value of hard work.C. Praising a child’s ability will make them happier.D. Some parents doubt if kids can develop their abilities.12. Which of the following is the passage mainly about?A. Praising a child for any reason helps build his self-esteem.B. How kids develop their sense of self-esteem differently.C. Why some kids have more self-doubt than the others.D. Participation and encouragement build a kid’s self-esteem.DThe Pareto principle, also known as the 80/20 rule, the law of the vital few, states that, for many events, roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. Management consultant Joseph M. Juran suggested the principle and named it after Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, who noted the 80/20 connection while at the University of Lausanne in 1896, as published in his first paper. Essentially, Pareto showed that approximately 80% of the land in Italy was owned by 20% of the population. It is an axiom of business management that “80% of sales come from 20% of clients”.Richard Koch authored the book, The 80/20 Principle, which illustrated some practical applications of the Pareto principle in business management and life. Mathematically, the 80/20 rule is roughly followed by a power law distribution, also known as a Pareto distribution, for a particular set of parameters, and many natural phenomena have been shown empirically to exhibit such a distribution. ThePareto principle is only tangentially related to Pareto efficiency. Pareto developed both concepts in the context of the distribution of income and wealth among the population.The original observation was in connection with population and wealth. Pareto noticed that 80% of It aly’s land was owned by 20% of the population. He then carried out surveys on a variety of other countries and found to his surprise that a similar distribution applied. A chart that gave the inequality a very visible and comprehensible form, the so-called “champagne glass” effect, was contained in the 1992 United Nations Development Program Report, which showed that distribution of global income is very uneven, with the richest 20% of the world’s population controlling 82.7% of the world’s income.In computer science the Pareto principle can be applied to optimization efforts. For example, Microsoft noted that by fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs, 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system would be eliminated. Lowell Arthur expre ssed that “20 percent of the code has 80 percent of the errors. Find them, fix them!”It was also discovered that in general the 80% of a certain piece of software can be written in 20% of the total allocated time. Conversely, the hardest 20% of the code takes 80% of the time. This factor is usually a part of COCOMO estimating for software coding. In load testing, it is also common practice to estimate that 80% of the traffic will occur during a particular 20% of the total time period.It has been inferred the Pareto principle applies to athletic training, where roughly 20% of the exercises and habits have 80% of the impact and the trainee should not focus so much on a varied training. This does not necessarily mean that having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not important, but they are not as significant as the key activities. It is also important to note this 80/20 rule has yet to be scientifically tested in controlled studies with regards to athletic training. In baseball, the Pareto principle has been observed in Wins Above Replacement, an attempt to combine multiple statistics to determine a player’s overall importance to a team.“15% of the all the players last year produced 85% of the total wins with the other 85% of the players creating 15% of the wins. The Pareto Principle holds up pretty soundly when it is applied to baseball...”13. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?A. ruleB. legendC. conclusionD. imagination14. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Richard Koch discovered the 80/20 Principle and authored a book named after the Principle.B. Pareto noticed that 80% of world's land was owned by 20% of the population.C. Fixing the top 20% of the most-reported bugs may not eliminate 80% of the related errors and crashes in a given system.D. Having a healthy diet or going to the gym are not as important as the key activities in athletic training.15. The author wrote this article .A. to introduce those famous scientists who contribute to the 80/20 PrincipleB. to look back the history of the 80/20 PrincipleC. to introduce the applications of the 80/20 PrincipleD. to draw people’s attention to the 20% important things in various areas第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。