infinitive动词不定式解析

作使役动词的补语 I am sorry for having you waiting so long. I will have Bob take your suitcase,sir.
什么情况下用不带to的不定式做宾补
一感觉二听三让四看： 一个表示感觉的词—feel； 两个表示听—hear，listen to； 三个表示让—let, make, have； 四个表示看—see，look at，watch，notice
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不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例①).
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 ,如是不及物动词,则需加 介词(例④). (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系 ,同时与句中其它词之间 又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主 动语态 ( 例③ ); 如只有动宾关系 , 而无逻辑上的主谓关 系,则需用被动语态(例②).
1.不定式作宾语 ①以下动词后 , 只能跟不定式作宾语 . 如 :agree,ask, aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help, hope,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promi -se, refuse, wish等
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词but, except, besides +to do(do) 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不 带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不 带to, 带to不带do. 如: The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
Gerund
V.-ing
Gerund: subject ; object ; predicative ;attributive Present Participle: attribute ; complement ; adverbial
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Present Participle
Analyse the following sentences
Infinitive作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词 之后. （后置）
①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister. ③Do you have anything to say on the question. ④Would you please give me some paper to write on. ⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
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Infinitive与V.-ing作主语时的区别
不定式作主语表示具体动作; 动名词作主语表示抽象的一般行为.
Smoking is prohibited here. It is stupid of you to write down what the teacher says.
用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句 后,常用于下列句式中.
(当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时+to do) 如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem. (当begin, continue, start与know, understand等心理活动 的词连用时+to do) 如:I soon began to understand what was happening.
(4) 不 定 式 作 定 语 时 , 一 般 可 转 换 为 定 语 从 句 , 例 ① to arrive=that will arrive. 囧
常接不定式作定语的词 1. chance idea time way effort right moment etc Eg.
①I have no chance to go back. ②It was my sister who had the idea to cycle the entire Mekong river…
I hear her singing in the next room. I am sorry for having you waiting so long.
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作感官动词的补语
I hear her singing in the next room. I hear her sing in the next room.
2.动名词作宾语（复习） ①以下动词后 , 只能接动名词作宾语 , 如 :admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don‘t mind, give up, 等. 如: I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
某些动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较 大,应根据句子语境选择使用. ①forget, remember, regret ②mean ③try ④stop ⑤can't help ⑥go on ⑦like,love ,hate
Infinitive与V.-ing作定语时的区别
V.-ing作定语 （复习） ①This passage can be used as listening materials. ②The reading room of our school library can hold 800 people. ③All moving bodies have energy. ④The man standing at the school gate is Professor Li.
④ It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
⑤It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. 在句型④中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等; 在句型⑤中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬批 评的词.
这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如: I decided to ask for my money back. I decided that I would ask for my money back.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时 , 先用形式宾 语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后, 即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式. ( think , find , feel , consider ,etc) 如: We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
5.He asked me to do the work. complement
6.Check your composition to avoid mistakes.
adverbial
Infinitive
Infinitive : to do
subject ; object ; predicative ; attributive ; complement ; adverbial
Infinitive与V.-ing作表语时的区别
不定式作主语表示具体动作; 动名词作主语表示抽象的一般行为. To see is to believe. Our work is serving the people. Ps.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件, 一是结果
Infinitive与V.-ing作宾语时的区别
2. the only 及 序数词（the first/second) 顺序词（the last/next) Eg. He is the first (one) to leave the office.
Infinitive与V.-ing作补语时的区别
Present participle 作 补语 (复习）
①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③ It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money.
1. It's our duty to take good care of the
old. subject
2.My job is to help patients. predicative
3.He wanted to go home. object
attributive 4.I have no chance to go sightseeing.
⒊某些动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾 语,意义不变. 如:begin, continue, start, need, require, want等. (在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可 接不定式,但要用被动形式 ) Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved)
Review the V.–ing form
1. Learning without practice is no good. subject 2. I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. object 3. Our work is serving the people. predicative 4. The reading room of our school library can hold 800people. attributive 5. All moving bodies have energy. attributive 6. I’m sorry for having you waiting so complement long. 7. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them. adverbial
②动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
动名词前的介词有时可以省略 如: have difficulty(in)doing have no trouble(in)doing prevent/stop…(from)doing spend …(in) doing sth