高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及练习
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(8)动词不定式作同位语，说明被修饰名词是具体内 容 例：My hope, to be a doctor,has been realized.
二、动词不定式的省略 1. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than…, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面 的不定式符号to通常被省略。如: You’d better tell her the truth.
2)be to 含有按计划，按命令做的事情或应该、可能、 注定发生的事情
例：We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。 What is to be done?应该怎么办？ The key is nowhere to be found.可能
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补 足语 例：We'd love you to give us a hand. He was made to repair the broken chair. ※ 注意： 1）在一些动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省 略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如： see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语 态，动词不定式为主补时，要带to（let 除外） I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.
...
※注意： 1）在以下动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语： afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose, decide,demand,desire,determine,expect fail,hope,manage,plan,refuse等 2）在should(would)like,love,prefer等之后必须用动词不 定式（短语）。 例如：I would like to give you a big hand. 3)在下列及物动词后一般可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式 短语” advise,ask,decide,find out,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn, 例如：I don't know what to do.
一、动词不定式的语法功能
（1）动词不定式（短语）作主语 To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱
To teach is to give. 教育就是奉献
※注意：
1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用it做形式主 语，而真正的主语则被置于句子的后面。
It will takes me three hours to do this job. It is of great importance to solve the housing problem.
高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定 式讲解
非谓语动词之动词不定式
• 动词不定式的语法功能 • 动词不定式的省略 • 动词不定式的否定式 • 动词不定式主动表示被动
• 动词不定式高考链接
动词不定式的简介
动词不定式是由to+动词原形组成，是动词的非 谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语， 在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中 可以充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同位语。
(5)动词不定式短语作定语： When the question was was out,he was the first to raise his hand. I am afraid I can not attend your party, for I have too many things to do. ※注意： 1）当修饰的是不定代词如： everything,anything,much,little等，或被修饰的名 词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the only等强调 结构修饰时，非谓语动词作谓语只能用动词不定 式。 例：He was the last to realize the importance of this problem. Do you have anything to read? the first to arrive
2)如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语， 且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，则后面需跟成 为搭配的介词
名词或代词+不定式（to+不及物动词+介词） Who is the man to talk to? He is a tough teacher to deal with. I need a pen to write with. 特例：当是place,time,way时，介词可以省略 He has no money and no place to live. There is no time to think.
2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的 宾语，且介词之前有动词do或其它形式时，不定 式符号to通常被省略。 My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive. 3．在某些感官动词或使役动词
4.为了避免重复，在hope， wish， want， like， love, decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to等动词及习语后面出现 与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而 把其它部分省略。 Ms King lied to us because she had to. 5.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补 足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号to，而把 后面的动词省略. She wants to come , but her parents won’t allow her to. If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.
(3)动词不定式做表语 紧跟在系动词如：be,seem,remain,appear,get等词之后 例：The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the woulded. ※注意： 1）动词不定式作表语主动形式表示被动含义的结构有 to blame，to let，to find out. Who is to blame? The house is to let. Suspects are still to find out.
3)在疑问句或感叹句中要用it来做主语 例如：Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa to America! （2）动词不定式作宾语 She decided to quit her job at last. I hope to see you soon.
结果状语： 例：We rushed to the railway station only to find(表示出乎意 料）the train had just left. He studied hard only to fail. She went to South China five years ago,never to return. ※注意： 1）so...as to,such...as to,enough to... 以及too...to等结构中的动词不定式都表示结果。 例：This basket player is so tall and strong as to be a giant. 这位篮球队员又高又壮，就像一个巨人。 I am too tired to move. Iam too pleased to see you again. Iam only too delighted to accept the gift.
动词不定式做主语
2)假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语。则需介词of或for来 引导。 It is good for me to have a talk with you. It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 总结：能用于介词of的结构的形容词有：good， kind， bad ，wicked，clever，wise，foolish，stupid， selfless ——主观感情或态度 能用于介词for的结构的形容词有：important， necessary，impossible，better——客观情况
(6)动词不定式作状语：动词不定式作状语可以表示目 的、结果原因等 目的状语 例：The whole family came out to me my perforamnce. He called to say goodbye. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动 词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更 加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如： I've written it down in order not to forget. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
• 在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语， 表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子 的主语。比较： √) To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.( To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(× ) • 由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也 可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能 置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较： They started early in order to get there in time.( √ ) In order to get there in time, they started early.( √ ) They started early so as to get there in time.( √ ) So as to get there in time, they started early.( ×)
2)在too...to结构中，后面的形容词是为 ready,eager,anxious,apt,willing,glad, pleased等词时，动词不定式不再有否定的意思。 too在此处可以理解成very的意思。 例：She is too ready to help. 她极其乐于帮助别人
原因状语： 动词不定式常跟在一些形容词后，说明产生这些情 绪的原因。这类形容词有： happy,surprised,sorry,glad,eager等 例：I am sorry to interrupt you.
源自文库
(7)动词不定式作独立成分 这些短语有： to begin with, to tell the truth,to make a long story short,so to speak,to be brief,to be frank,to conclude. 例：To begin with,I'like to introduce myself to you all.
2）有些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,这样的动词有： believe,consider,find,imagine,konw,prove, suppose,understand等 例：I will consider him to be an honest man. She was believed to be innocent. 3)下列动词不能跟“名词或者代词+动词不定式”结构 admit,confess,demand,explain,hope,propose,suggest等。 例：My mother suggested that we should finish our homework before watching TV. I hoped that the bus would come early.
二、动词不定式的省略 1. 在had better, would rather, would rather…than…, cannot but, why (not) 等结构后面 的不定式符号to通常被省略。如: You’d better tell her the truth.
2)be to 含有按计划，按命令做的事情或应该、可能、 注定发生的事情
例：We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。 What is to be done?应该怎么办？ The key is nowhere to be found.可能
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补 足语 例：We'd love you to give us a hand. He was made to repair the broken chair. ※ 注意： 1）在一些动词后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省 略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如： see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语 态，动词不定式为主补时，要带to（let 除外） I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.
...
※注意： 1）在以下动词后只能跟动词不定式作宾语： afford,agree,aim,ask,claim,choose, decide,demand,desire,determine,expect fail,hope,manage,plan,refuse等 2）在should(would)like,love,prefer等之后必须用动词不 定式（短语）。 例如：I would like to give you a big hand. 3)在下列及物动词后一般可以跟“疑问词+动词不定式 短语” advise,ask,decide,find out,instruct,know,forget,imagine,learn, 例如：I don't know what to do.
一、动词不定式的语法功能
（1）动词不定式（短语）作主语 To love is to be loved. 爱别人就是被人爱
To teach is to give. 教育就是奉献
※注意：
1）在口语中，动词不定式作主语时常用it做形式主 语，而真正的主语则被置于句子的后面。
It will takes me three hours to do this job. It is of great importance to solve the housing problem.
高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定 式讲解
非谓语动词之动词不定式
• 动词不定式的语法功能 • 动词不定式的省略 • 动词不定式的否定式 • 动词不定式主动表示被动
• 动词不定式高考链接
动词不定式的简介
动词不定式是由to+动词原形组成，是动词的非 谓语形式。它可以带宾语，构成动词不定式短语， 在句中起名词、形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中 可以充当谓语以外的任何成分，即主语、表语、宾 语、定语、状语、宾补、主补和同位语。
(5)动词不定式短语作定语： When the question was was out,he was the first to raise his hand. I am afraid I can not attend your party, for I have too many things to do. ※注意： 1）当修饰的是不定代词如： everything,anything,much,little等，或被修饰的名 词前被形容词最高级，序数词，the only等强调 结构修饰时，非谓语动词作谓语只能用动词不定 式。 例：He was the last to realize the importance of this problem. Do you have anything to read? the first to arrive
2)如被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语， 且动词不定式的动词是不及物动词，则后面需跟成 为搭配的介词
名词或代词+不定式（to+不及物动词+介词） Who is the man to talk to? He is a tough teacher to deal with. I need a pen to write with. 特例：当是place,time,way时，介词可以省略 He has no money and no place to live. There is no time to think.
2. 动词不定式短语作介词but, except, besides的 宾语，且介词之前有动词do或其它形式时，不定 式符号to通常被省略。 My mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive. 3．在某些感官动词或使役动词
4.为了避免重复，在hope， wish， want， like， love, decide， mean， prefer， have to， be able to， be going to， used to， ought to等动词及习语后面出现 与上文相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而 把其它部分省略。 Ms King lied to us because she had to. 5.当不定式在ask, advise, persuade, wish, allow, permit, tell, expect, force, invite, beg等动词后面充当宾语补 足语时, 为了避免重复, 常保留不定式符号to，而把 后面的动词省略. She wants to come , but her parents won’t allow her to. If he doesn’t want to go there, don’t force him to.
(3)动词不定式做表语 紧跟在系动词如：be,seem,remain,appear,get等词之后 例：The most important thing for the United states to do now is to rescue the woulded. ※注意： 1）动词不定式作表语主动形式表示被动含义的结构有 to blame，to let，to find out. Who is to blame? The house is to let. Suspects are still to find out.
3)在疑问句或感叹句中要用it来做主语 例如：Is it worth our while to hold such a long meeting? What good news it is for me to hear that my brother has got his visa to America! （2）动词不定式作宾语 She decided to quit her job at last. I hope to see you soon.
结果状语： 例：We rushed to the railway station only to find(表示出乎意 料）the train had just left. He studied hard only to fail. She went to South China five years ago,never to return. ※注意： 1）so...as to,such...as to,enough to... 以及too...to等结构中的动词不定式都表示结果。 例：This basket player is so tall and strong as to be a giant. 这位篮球队员又高又壮，就像一个巨人。 I am too tired to move. Iam too pleased to see you again. Iam only too delighted to accept the gift.
动词不定式做主语
2)假如动词不定式要带逻辑主语。则需介词of或for来 引导。 It is good for me to have a talk with you. It is cruel of man to kill animals in such a casual manner. 总结：能用于介词of的结构的形容词有：good， kind， bad ，wicked，clever，wise，foolish，stupid， selfless ——主观感情或态度 能用于介词for的结构的形容词有：important， necessary，impossible，better——客观情况
(6)动词不定式作状语：动词不定式作状语可以表示目 的、结果原因等 目的状语 例：The whole family came out to me my perforamnce. He called to say goodbye. 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动 词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更 加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如： I've written it down in order not to forget. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
• 在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语， 表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子 的主语。比较： √) To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.( To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(× ) • 由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也 可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能 置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较： They started early in order to get there in time.( √ ) In order to get there in time, they started early.( √ ) They started early so as to get there in time.( √ ) So as to get there in time, they started early.( ×)
2)在too...to结构中，后面的形容词是为 ready,eager,anxious,apt,willing,glad, pleased等词时，动词不定式不再有否定的意思。 too在此处可以理解成very的意思。 例：She is too ready to help. 她极其乐于帮助别人
原因状语： 动词不定式常跟在一些形容词后，说明产生这些情 绪的原因。这类形容词有： happy,surprised,sorry,glad,eager等 例：I am sorry to interrupt you.
源自文库
(7)动词不定式作独立成分 这些短语有： to begin with, to tell the truth,to make a long story short,so to speak,to be brief,to be frank,to conclude. 例：To begin with,I'like to introduce myself to you all.
2）有些动词后面的宾语补足语常是to be,这样的动词有： believe,consider,find,imagine,konw,prove, suppose,understand等 例：I will consider him to be an honest man. She was believed to be innocent. 3)下列动词不能跟“名词或者代词+动词不定式”结构 admit,confess,demand,explain,hope,propose,suggest等。 例：My mother suggested that we should finish our homework before watching TV. I hoped that the bus would come early.