英文文献

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100篇英文经典文献

100篇英文经典文献

share with 各位会计、财务专业的同学...(P.S.读英文期刊绝对是体力活...开读前一定要吃好睡好...)这些是会计学的基础文献,是所有其他文献的参考文献~~~经典文献(The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996)参考:Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-7281. Ball, R. an d Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-1781. 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of theDetermination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-1342. 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-1073.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study ofAccounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No.1, 1978) pp. 3-144.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal andCross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp. 143-1815.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock MarketResponse to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accou nting andEconomics, 117-1416.Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual EarningsAnnouncements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-927.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences ofAccounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-1178.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock PriceBehavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-2769.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8710.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis a nd the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32911.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Associationbetween Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings ForecastErrors,” Journa l of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.12.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles ofAccounting in Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 5-2813.Atiase, R.K., 1985, “Predisclosure Info rmation, Firm Capitalization, and SecurityPrice Behavior Around Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-36.ler P., O'Leary T., 1987, “Accounting and the Construction of the GovernablePerson”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 3, pp. 235-26615.O'Brien P.C., 1988, “Analysts' Forecasts As Earnings Expectations”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp.53-8316.Bernard, V. L., 1987, “Cross-Sectional Dependence and Problems in Inference inMarket-Based Accounting Researc h”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.1-4817.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8718.Freem an, R. N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and SecurityReturns for Large and Small Firms”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.195-22819.Collins, D. W. , Kothari, S. P. and Rayburn, J. D., 1987, “Firm Size and theInformation Content of Prices with Respect to Earnings”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 111-13820.Beaver, W. H., Lambert, R. A. and Morse, D., 1980, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices, Journal of Accounting & Economics”, March, pp. 3-2821.Foster G., 1977, “Quar terly Accounting Data: Time-Series Properties andpredictive-Ability Results”, The Accounting Review, pp. 201-23222.Christie A.A., 1987, “On Cross-Sectional Analysis in Accounting Research”, journalof Accounting & Economics, December, pp. 231-25823.Loft A., 1986, “Towards a Critica1 Understanding of Accounting: The Case of CostAccounting in theU.K.”, 1914-1925, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2, pp.137-17024.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., 1974, “Capital Market Equilibrium, InformationProduction, and Selecting Accounting Techniques: Theoretical Framework and Review of Empirical Work”, journal of Accounting, 48-12925.Bowen, R. M. , Noreen, E. W. and Lacey, J. M., 1981, “Determinants of theCorporate Decision to Capitalize Interest”, Journal of Accounting & E conomics, August, pp151-17926.Hagerman R.L, Zmijewski M.E, 1979, “Some Economic Determinants of AccountingPolicy Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, August, 141-16127.Burchell S., Clubb, C. and Hopwood, A. G., 1985, “Accounting in its Socia1 Conte xt:Towards a History of Value Added in theUnited Kingdom”, Accounting,Organizations and Society, No. 4, pp.381-41428.Leftwich R.W, 1981, “Evidence of the Impact of Mandatory Changes in AccountingPrinciples on Corporate Loan Agreements”, Journal of Accoun ting and Economics, 3-3629.Bernard, V. L. and Thomas, J . K., 1989, “Post-Earnings Announcement Drift:Delayed Price Response or Risk Premium?”, Journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3630.WattsR.L., Zimmerman J.L., 1979, “The Demand for and Supply of Account ingTheories: The Market for Excuses”, The Accounting Review, April, pp. 273-305 31.Armstrong J.P., 1987, “the rise of Accounting Controls in British CapitalistEnterprises”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, May, pp. 415-43632.Beaver, W. H. , Lambert, R. A. and Ryan, S. G., 1987, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices: A Second Look”, journal of Accounting & Economics, July, pp.139-15733.Chambers, A. E., Penman, S.H, 1984, “Timeliness of Reporting and the Stock PriceReaction to Earnings Announcemen ts”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-4734.Collins D.W., Rozeff M.S., Dhaliwal D.S., 1981, “The Economic Determinants of theMarket Reaction to Proposed Mandatory Accounting Changes in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”, Jou rnal of Accounting and Economics, 37-71 35.Holthausen R.W., 1981, “Evidence on the Effect of Bond Covenants andManagement Compensation Contracts on the Choice of Accounting Techniques: The Case of the Depreciation Switch-Back”, journal of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 73-10936.ZmijewskiM.E., Hagerman R.L., 1981, “An Income Strategy Approach to thePositive Theory of Accounting Standard Settings/Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 129-14937.Lev B., Ohlson J.A, 1982, “Market-Based Empirical Research in Accounting: AReview, Interpretation, and Ext ension”, Journal of Accounting Research, 249-322 38.Ou J. and Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32939.Bruns Jr. W.J, Waterhouse, J., 1975, “Budgetary Control a nd OrganizationStructure”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 177-20340.Tinker A.M., Merino B.D., Neimark M., 1982, “The Normative Origins of PositiveTheories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations andSociety”, No. 2, pp. 167-20041.Foster, G., 1980, “Accounting Policy Decisions and Capital Market Research”,journal of Accounting & Economics March, pp. 29-6242.Gibbins M., 1984, “Propositions About the Psychology of Professional Judgement inPublic Accounting”, Journal of Account ing Research, Spring, pp. 103-12543.Hopwood A.G, 1983, “On Trying to Study Accounting in the Contexts in which itOperates”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2/3, pp. 287-30544.Abdolmohammadi M.J., Wright A., 1987, “An Examination of the Effects ofExperience and Task Complexity on Audit Judgments”, The Accounting Review, pp.1-1345.Berry, A. J., Capps, T., Cooper, D.,Ferguson, P., Hopper, T. and Lowe, E. A., 1985,“Management Control in an Area of the NCB: Rationales of Accounting Practices ina Pub lic Enterprise”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.3-2846.Hoskin, K.W., Macve R.H, 1986, “Accounting and the Examination: A Genealogy ofDisciplinary Power”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2, pp. 105-136 47.Kaplan R.S, 1984, “The Evolution of Management Accounting”, The AccountingReview, 390-34148.Libby R., 1985, “Availability and the Generation of Hypotheses in Analytica1Review”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 648-66749.Wilson G.P., 1987, “The Incremental Information Con tent of the Accrual and FundsComponents of Earnings After Controlling for Earnings”, the Accounting Review, 293-32250.Foster, G., Olsen, C., Shevlin T., 1984, “Earnings Releases, Anomalies, and theBehavior of Security Returns”, The Accounting Review, Octo ber, pp.574-603 51.Lipe R.C., 1986, “The Information Contained in the Components of Earnings”,journal of Accounting Research, pp. 37-6852.Rayburn J., 1986, “The Association of Operating Cash Flows and Accruals WithSecurity Returns”, Journal of Accounting Re search, 112-13753.Ball, R. and Foster, G., 1982, “Corporate Financial Reporting: A MethodologicalReview of Empirical Research”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 161-234 54.Demski J.S, Feltham G.A, 1978, “Economic Incentives in Budgetary ControlSystems”, The Accounting Review, 336-35955.Cooper D.J, Sherer M.J, 1984, “The Value of Corporate Accounting Reports:Arguments for a Political Economy of Accounting”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, 207-23256.Arrington, C. E., Francis J.R., 1989, “Letting the Chat Out of the Bag:Deconstruction privilege and Accounting Research”, Accounting Organization and Society, March, pp. 1-2857.Fried, D., Givoly, D., 1982, “Financial Analysts' Forecasts of Earnings: A BetterSurrogate for Market Expectations”, journal of Accounting & Economics, October, pp. 85-10758.Waterhouse J. H., Tiessen P., 1978, “A Contingency Framework for ManagementAccounting Systems Research”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3,pp.65-7659.Ashton, R .H., 1974, “Experimental Study of In ternal Control Judgment journal ofaccounting Research”, 1974, pp. 143-15760.Collins D. W., Dent, W. T., 1979, “The Proposed Elimination of Full Cost Accountingin the Extractive Petroleum Industry: An Empirical Assessment of the MarketConsequences”, journ al of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 3-4461.Watts R.L., Leftwich, R. W., 1977, “The Time Series of Annual Accounting Earnings,journal of Accounting Research”, Autumn, pp. 253-27162.Otley D.T, 1980, “The Contingency Theory of Management Accounting:Achievement and Prognosis”, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, NO. 4,413-42863.Hayes D.C, 1977, “The Contingency Theory of Managerial Accounting”, TheAccounting Review, January, 22-3964.Bea ver, W. H. ,Griffin, P. A. and Landsman, W. R., 1982, “The IncrementalInformation Content of Replacement Cost Earnings”, Journal of Accounting &Economics, July, pp. 15-3965.Libby R., Lewis B.L., 1977, “Human Information Processing Research in Accounting:The State of the Art”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp. 245-268 66.Schipper W., Thompson R., 1983, “The Impact Mergers-Related Regulations onthe Shareholders of Acquiring Firms”, Journal of Accounting Research, 184-221 67.Antle, R., Smith, A., 1986, “An Empirical Investigation of the Relative PerformanceEvaluation of Corporate Executives”, journal of Accounting Research, spring,pp.1-39.68.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., Penman S.H., 1976, “Disclosure Rules,Information-Production, and Capital Market Equilibrium: The Case of ForecastDisclosure Rules”, Journal of Accounting Research, 89-13769.Ashton, A. H. and Ashton, R. H., 1998, “Sequential Belief Revision in Auditing”, TheAccounting Review, October, pp. 623-641rcker D.F, 1983, “The Association Be tween Performance Plan Adoption andCorporate Capital Investment”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3-3071.McNichols M., Wilson G.P., 1988, “Evidence of Earnings Management from theProvision for Bad Debts”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3172.Tomk ins C., Groves R., 1983, “The Everyday Accountant and Researching HisReality”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No 4, pp361-37473.Dye R.A, 1985, “Disclosure of Nonproprietary Information”, Journal of AccountingResearch, 123-14574.Biddle, G. C. and Li ndahl F. W., 1982, “Stock Price Reactions to LIFO Adoptions:The Association Between Excess Returns and LIFO Tax Savings”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 1982, pp. 551-58875.Joyce E.J., 1976, “Expert Judgment in Audit Program Planning”, journal ofAccounting Research, pp. 29-6076.Kaplan R.S, 1983, “Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge forManagerial Accounting Research”, The Accounting Review, 686-70577.Ball R., 1972, “Changes in Accounting Techniques and Stock Prices”, journal ofAccounting Research, Supplement, pp. 1-3878.Ricks W.E, 1982, “The Market’s Response to the 1974 LIFO Adoptions”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 367-38779.Albrecht, W. S., Lookabill L. L., McKeown, J.C., 1977, “The Time-Series Propertiesof Annual Earnings”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 226-24480.DeAngelo L.E, 1981, “Auditor Size and Audit Quality”, Journal of Accounting andEconomics, 183-19981.Merchant K.A., 1981, “The Design of the Corporate Budgeting System: Influenceson Managerial Behavioral and Perfor mance”, The Accounting Review, October, pp.813-82982.Penman S.H, 1980, “An Empirical Investment of the Voluntary Disclosure ofCorporate Earnings Forecasts of Earnings”, Journal of Accounting Research,132-16083.Simunic D., 1980, “The Pricing of Audit Services: Theory and Evidence”, Journal ofAccounting Research, 161-19084.Waller W. S., Felix Jr. W.L., 1984, “The Auditor and Learning from Experience:Some Conjectures”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 3, pp. 383-408 85.Dyckman T.R, Smith A.J, 1979, “Financial Accounting and Reporting by Oil and GasProducing Companies: A Study of Information Effects”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 45-7586.Holthausen R.W., Verrecchia R.E., 1988, “The Effect of Sequential InformationReleases on the Variance of Price Changes in an Intertemporal Multi-Asset Market”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.82-10687.Hopwood A. G., 1978, “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study ofAccounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 3-1488.Leftwich R.W, 1983, “Accounting Information in Private Markets: Evidence fromPrivate Lending Agreements”. The Accounting Review, 23-4289.Otley D.T, 1978, “Budget Use and Managerial Performance”, Journal of AccountingResearch, Spring, 122-14990.Griffin, 1977, “The time-series Behavior of Quarterly Earnings: PreliminaryEvidence”, Journal of Accounting Research, spring, 71-8391.Brownell P., 1982, “The Role of Accounting Data in Performance Evaluation,Budgetary Participation, and Organizational Effectiveness”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp. 12-2792.Dhaliwal D.S, Salamon G.L, Smith E.D, 1982, “The effect of Owner Vs ManagementControl on the Choice of Accounting and Economics”, 41-5393.Hopwood A.G., 1972, “An Empirical Study of the Role of Accounting Data inPerformance Evaluation”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 156-18294.Foster, G., 1981, “Intra-Industry Information Transfers Associated with EarningsReleases”, journal of Accounting & Economics, December, pp. 201-23295.Chua, W. F., 1986, “Radical Developments in Accounting Thought”, TheAccounting Review, October, pp601-63296.Hughes P.J., 1986, “Signalling by Direct Disclosure Under Asymmetric Information”,journal of Accounting & Economics, June, pp. 119-14297.Kinney W.R. Jr., 1986, “Audit Technology and Preference for Auditing Standards”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, 73-8998.Titman S., Trueman B., 1986, “Information Quality and the Valuation of NewIssues”, journal of Accounting& Economics, pp. 159-17299.Wilson G.P., 1986, “The Relative Information Content of Accruals andCash Flows: Combined Evidence at the Announcement and Annual Report Release Date”, Journal of Accounting Research, 165-203。

英语论文参考文献精选3篇

英语论文参考文献精选3篇

英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选1篇英文及其它语种的文献在前,中文文献在后,参照以下标准执行。

期刊论文Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573.朱永生,2006,名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):83-90。

论文集论文Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254.文秋芳,2003a,英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。

载文秋芳、王立非(编),《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。

西安:陕西师范大学出版社。

255-259。

网上文献Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006).王岳川,2004,当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL], (2005年11月18日读取)。

专著Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt.吕叔湘、朱德熙,1952,《语法修辞讲话》[M]。

北京:中国青年出版社。

译著Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.赵元任,1968/1980,《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M],丁邦新译。

英文文献格式

英文文献格式

一.英文文献格式英文文献格式有两种:APA格式和MLA格式。

1、APA格式:APA(American Psychological Association)是一种标明参考来源的格式,主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中,国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。

APA文内注的参考文献格式是:“(作者姓氏,发表年份)”。

APA文末的参考文献目录格式是:Reference List, 必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,基本结构为:期刊类:【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数:起止页码】Smith,J.(2006).The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105。

非期刊类:【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】Sussan.G.(2002).What computers can't do.New York:Harp&Row。

2、MLA格式:MLA是美国现代语言协会(Modern Language Association)制定的论文指导格式,多用于人文学科(Liberal Arts)。

MLA文内注的基本格式:“(作者姓氏,文献页码)”。

MLA文末的参考文献目录格式:在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,基本结构为:期刊类:【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature 28(1979):22。

非期刊类:【作者】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard w in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995。

英文文献全文翻译

英文文献全文翻译

英文文献全文翻译全文共四篇示例,供读者参考第一篇示例:LeGuin, Ursula K. (December 18, 2002). "Dancing at the Edge of the World: Thoughts on Words, Women, Places".《世界边缘的舞蹈:关于语言、女性和地方的思考》Introduction:In "Dancing at the Edge of the World," Ursula K. LeGuin explores the intersection of language, women, and places. She writes about the power of words, the role of women in society, and the importance of our connection to the places we inhabit. Through a series of essays, LeGuin invites readers to think critically about these topics and consider how they shape our understanding of the world.Chapter 1: LanguageConclusion:第二篇示例:IntroductionEnglish literature translation is an important field in the study of language and culture. The translation of English literature involves not only the linguistic translation of words or sentences but also the transfer of cultural meaning and emotional resonance. This article will discuss the challenges and techniques of translating English literature, as well as the importance of preserving the original author's voice and style in the translated text.Challenges in translating English literature第三篇示例:Title: The Importance of Translation of Full English TextsTranslation plays a crucial role in bringing different languages and cultures together. More specifically, translating full English texts into different languages allows for access to valuable information and insights that may otherwise be inaccessible to those who do not speak English. In this article, we will explore the importance of translating full English texts and the benefits it brings.第四篇示例:Abstract: This article discusses the importance of translating English literature and the challenges translators face when putting together a full-text translation. It highlights the skills and knowledge needed to accurately convey the meaning and tone of the original text while preserving its cultural and literary nuances. Through a detailed analysis of the translation process, this article emphasizes the crucial role translators play in bridging the gap between languages and making English literature accessible to a global audience.IntroductionEnglish literature is a rich and diverse field encompassing a wide range of genres, styles, and themes. From classic works by Shakespeare and Dickens to contemporary novels by authors like J.K. Rowling and Philip Pullman, English literature offers something for everyone. However, for non-English speakers, accessing and understanding these works can be a challenge. This is where translation comes in.Translation is the process of rendering a text from one language into another, while striving to preserve the original meaning, tone, and style of the original work. Translating afull-length English text requires a deep understanding of both languages, as well as a keen awareness of the cultural andhistorical context in which the work was written. Additionally, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to convey the beauty and complexity of the original text in a new language.Challenges of Full-text TranslationTranslating a full-length English text poses several challenges for translators. One of the most significant challenges is capturing the nuances and subtleties of the original work. English literature is known for its rich and layered language, with intricate wordplay, metaphors, and symbolism that can be difficult to convey in another language. Translators must carefully consider each word and phrase in order to accurately convey the author's intended meaning.Another challenge of full-text translation is maintaining the author's unique voice and style. Each writer has a distinct way of expressing themselves, and a good translator must be able to replicate this voice in the translated text. This requires a deep understanding of the author's writing style, as well as the ability to adapt it to the conventions of the target language.Additionally, translators must be mindful of the cultural and historical context of the original work. English literature is deeply rooted in the history and traditions of the English-speaking world, and translators must be aware of these influences in orderto accurately convey the author's intended message. This requires thorough research and a nuanced understanding of the social, political, and economic factors that shaped the work.Skills and Knowledge RequiredTo successfully translate a full-length English text, translators must possess a wide range of skills and knowledge. First and foremost, translators must be fluent in both the source language (English) and the target language. This includes a strong grasp of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary in both languages, as well as an understanding of the cultural and historical context of the works being translated.Translators must also have a keen eye for detail and a meticulous approach to their work. Every word, sentence, and paragraph must be carefully considered and translated with precision in order to accurately convey the meaning of the original text. This requires strong analytical skills and a deep understanding of the nuances and complexities of language.Furthermore, translators must possess strong writing skills in order to craft a compelling and engaging translation. Translating a full-length English text is not simply a matter of substituting one word for another; it requires creativity, imagination, and a deep appreciation for the beauty of language. Translators mustbe able to capture the rhythm, cadence, and tone of the original work in their translation, while also adapting it to the conventions of the target language.ConclusionIn conclusion, translating a full-length English text is a complex and challenging task that requires a high level of skill, knowledge, and creativity. Translators must possess a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural and historical context of the work being translated. Through their careful and meticulous work, translators play a crucial role in making English literature accessible to a global audience, bridging the gap between languages and cultures. By preserving the beauty and complexity of the original text in their translations, translators enrich our understanding of literature and bring the works of English authors to readers around the world.。

十大英文论文文献数据库

十大英文论文文献数据库

十大英文论文文献数据库(1)Wiley InterScience(英文文献期刊)评测:Wiley InterScience收录了360多种科学、工程技术、医疗领域及相关专业期刊、30多种大型专业参考书、13种实验室手册的全文和500多个题目的Wiley学术图书的全文。

其中被SCI收录的核心期刊近200种。

期刊具体学科划分为:Business, Finance & Managemen、Chemistry (化学)、Computer Science、Earth Science、Education、Engineering、Law、Life and Medical Sciences、Mathematics and Statistics ],、Physics、Psychology。

(2) IEEE (英文文献期刊)评测:IEEE会员总数2001年比2000年增加3.1%,达到377342人,其中学生会员为65669人,增长12.6%。

随着人们的信息越来越多地来自Internet,IEEE需要为会员提供更加完善和全面的电子信息产品和服务。

(3) EBSCO(英文文献期刊)评测:收录了三千多种索引、文摘型期刊和报纸,其中近三千种全文刊。

数据库涉及国际商务、经济学、经济管理、金融、会计、劳动人事、银行等的主题范围,适合经济学、工商管理、金融银行、劳动人事管理等专业人员使用。

数据库中有较著名" Walls Street Journal)、""Harvard Business Review、" Business Week、Fortune、Country Reports、American Banker、Forbes、The Economist等报刊。

该数据库从1990年开始提供全文,题录和文摘则可回溯检索到1984年,数据库每日更新。

(4) (umi)ProQuest博士论文全文,是UMI公司的一个分库(我分析之后得来的。

文献的英文名称

文献的英文名称

文献的英文名称科学出版社2019年8月出版的《图书馆·情报与文献学名词》(以下简称“《名词》”)在定义文献时列出了两个英文词“literature”“document”,都可译为中文的“文献”。

关于文献的英文名称,南京大学杰出校友、化学家、文献学家、中科院院士、中国科技情报事业创始人之一袁翰青先生在55年前就有过详细的分析。

他说,在英文中,与中文“文献”对应的有两个词,一是literature, 另一个是document。

二者都可以译成文献,这是共性,但在具体用法上有微小区别。

前者“是集合名词,无单数和复数之分。

科学技术论文的文末,常附有供参考用的文献目录”,即用此词。

如Subject Index to Polarographic Literature(极谱学文献主题索引)。

Literature一般只指书刊资料。

后者“就历史性强的文件而言,既用单数,也用复数,分别指一篇或几篇文献,恒用于社会科学的著作中”。

Document还可以包括印刷品以外的文字记录,如碑文、古币图文等。

这两个词的微小区别,在将中文翻译成英文时就需要特别注意,尤其是在翻译人文社会科学文献时应格外留心。

如《民族政策文献汇编》一书,书名中的文献一词,可译成英文documents,也可译成archives,但绝不能译为literature。

还有一个词documentation,周文骏先生主编的词典翻译成“文献学”,袁翰青先生翻译成“文献工作”,并下定义说,文献工作“是组织知识的工作。

更明确一点可以说,文献工作是将分散记录起来的知识,特别是文献中新发现的知识单元,经过学术分析与抽出之后,用一定的方法组织起来,对使用者提供最大的便利,能随时被检索到并参考利用”。

袁老在50多年前就提出了“知识单元”的概念,并认为将“新发现的知识单元”标引出来和排序起来,以利于检索和利用,是文献工作的重点。

“文献中的知识单元实质上就是所含的情报”。

英文文献参考

英文文献参考

英文文献参考
在撰写英文论文时,参考文献的格式非常重要,通常采用APA格式。

以下是一个英文参考文献的范例:
作者名. (出版年份). 书名. 出版社所在城市:出版社.
例如:
Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego: Halstead.
如果是两位作者以上合著的书籍,格式如下:
作者1姓,作者1名字首字母., & 作者2姓,作者2名字首字母.(年). 书名. 出版社所在城市:出版社.
例如:
Smith, J., & Peter, Q. (1992). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an , ON: McMaster University Press.
如果是文集中的文章,格式如下:
作者名.(年). 文章题目. 期刊名(斜体). 第几期,页码.
例如:
Smith, J. (2007). The role of technology in education. Journal of Educational Technology, 45(3), 56-67.
如果是月刊杂志中的文章,格式如下:
作者名.(年). 文章题目. 月刊杂志名(斜体). 第几期,页码.
例如:
Jones, L. (2008). The impact of social media on society. American Journal of Social Media, 5(6), .。

英文文献格式示范

英文文献格式示范

英文文献格式示范在学术研究中,正确的引用文献格式是非常重要的,不仅可以帮助读者查找到原始资料,也能够规范研究者的学术行为。

下面是英文文献格式的示范:1. 期刊文章作者. (年份). 文章标题. 期刊名称, 卷号(issue号), 页码.例如:Smith, J. K. (2008). The effects of climate change on bird migration patterns. Nature, 453(7192), 502-505.2. 书籍作者. (年份). 书名. 出版地: 出版社.例如:Jones, M. (2010). The history of medicine. London: Penguin Books.3. 会议论文作者. (年份). 论文标题. 在编辑者姓名(Eds.)的书名中, 页码. 出版地: 出版社.例如:Wang, Y. (2013). The use of technology in education. In S. Chen & L. Zhang (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Education and Technology (pp. 245-250). Beijing: Springer.4. 网络资源作者. (年份). 文章标题. 来源. 网址.例如:Smith, J. K. (2015). The impacts of air pollution on human health. Environmental Health Perspectives.https:///pmc/articles/PMC4483703/ 以上就是英文文献格式的示范,希望对大家的学术研究有所帮助。

英文参考文献

英文参考文献

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毕业论文英文参考文献

毕业论文英文参考文献

毕业论文英文参考文献论文的参考文献是在英语专业论文写作过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。

征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。

下面是店铺带来的关于毕业论文英文参考文献的内容,欢迎阅读参考!毕业论文英文参考文献(一)[1]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报,2012(004).[2]Coulombe,JosephL.ReadingNativeAmericanLiterature[M\. NewYork:Routledge,2011.[3]Erdrich,Louise.TheRoundHouse\M\.NewYork:HarperCollin sPublishers,2012.[J].作家,2013(12):1.[4]杨恒.弱者的失语法律的缺位--评美国国家图书奖获奖作品《圆屋》[J].博览群书,2013(6):84-88.[5]Said,Edward.CultureandImprerialism[M].NewYork:Vintage Books,1994.[6]Erdrich,Louise.LoveMedicine[M],NewYork:HarperPerennia l,1993.[7]罗世平.凝视:后殖民主义文学折射[J].国外文学,2006(4):122.[8]任一鸣.《后殖民:批评理论与文学》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008.[9]Halliday,Lisa.LouiseErdrich[J].ParisReview,2010(52):133-137.[10]温语晴.书写印第安文化的温暖和困境一美国当代作家路易丝·厄德里克和她的作品.[11]陈榕.《凝视》[A].《西方文论关键词》[C].ed.赵一凡.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2011.[12]Russo,Maria.Disturbing the spirits[i]. New York TimesBook Review, 2012(10): 9[13]Said, Edward. Culture and Imprerialism[M]. New York: Vintage Books,1994.[14]Fanon,Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth[M]. New York: Grove Press,1968.[15]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报,2012(004).毕业论文英文参考文献(二)[1] 陈鹏.高速公路服务区及收费站建筑节能研究[D].中南大学,2007[2] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告[M]2014.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:39[3] 李慧玲.绿色建筑理念下的高速公路服务区建筑设计研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011[4] 公通字[2009]46 号.民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定[S].新乡市建筑工程质量监督站印发.2009[5] 汤旭东.建筑工程中的现浇聚苯复合材料屋面保温技术[J].江西建材,2014,(11):45[6] 杨欣霖.高速公路服务区绿色建筑技术体系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011[7] 欧志华,郭俊明.浅谈我国建筑节能50%设计标准的含义[J].建筑节能,2007,35(12):60-62[8] 邹惠芬,王国业,郭立杰等.严寒地区窗户热工性能对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2009,25(5):982-986[9] 崔洪军,刘孔杰.国外服务区建设及研究现状[J].中国交通报,2008,(12):138-139[10] 郎松军.建筑结露的起因和防治方法初探[J].四川建筑,2002,22(Z1):201-203[11] 王金奎,史慧芳,邵旭.体形系数在公共建筑节能设计中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,2010,(5):98-99[12] 王丽颖,丘雨佳.对德国被动式居住建筑节能技术的考察[J].长春工程学院学报,2013,14(3):38-40[13] 赖有志,陆京海,杨军霞,张童.现浇轻质泡沫混凝土在屋面工程中的应用[J].施工技术.2011,40(14):79-94毕业论文英文参考文献(三)[1]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,2007(2):78.[2]黄梅.女人的危机和小说的危机--女人与小说杂谈之四[J].读书,1988(01):5.[3]孙宗白.真诚的女作家多丽丝·莱辛[J].外国文学研宄,1981(3):70.[4]施旻.《金色笔记》是女性主义文本吗·一关于多丽丝·莱辛及其《金色笔记》的论争[J].东岳论丛,2000(5): 132-134.[5]李福祥.多丽丝·莱辛笔下的政治与妇女主题[J].外国文学评论,1993(4):40-43[6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究,2003(6):73.[7]陈才宇,刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京:译林出版社,2000.[8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心:构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅读[J].浙江师范大学学报,2004(3):33.[9]韩小敏,纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊,2004(8):125-126.[10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学,2003(4):96-98.[11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报,2003(3):78-80[12]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,2007(2):78.[13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文,2008.[14]佘海若.迟来的正义:被缚的自由女性一记2007年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑,2007(23): 19-24.[15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报,2004(4).[16]范晓红.从《金色笔记》解读多丽丝·莱辛的生态整体观[D].南京师范大学,2011.[17]Brewster, Dorothy. Doris Lessing\M\. New York: Wayne, 1965: 161.[18]Spilka, Mark. Lessing and Lawrence: the Battle of theContemporary Literature,1975(16): 218-240.。

英文文献参考文献引用格式

英文文献参考文献引用格式

英文文献参考文献引用格式英文文献的参考文献引用格式可以根据不同的学术领域和出版机构的要求有所不同。

以下是一般常见的几种引用格式:1. MLA格式(现代语言协会格式):作者姓氏,作者名字。

文章标题。

期刊名称,卷号,期号,出版年份,页码范围。

例如:Smith, John. "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Environmental Science Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, 2020, pp. 45-60.2. APA格式(美国心理学协会格式):作者姓氏,作者名字(出版年份)。

文章标题。

期刊名称,卷号(期号),页码范围。

例如:Smith, J. (2020). The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity. Environmental Science Journal, 25(3), 45-60.3. Chicago格式(芝加哥格式):作者姓氏,作者名字。

"文章标题。

" 期刊名称卷号,期号(出版年份),页码范围。

例如:Smith, John. "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Environmental Science Journal 25, no. 3 (2020): 45-60.4. IEEE格式(电气和电子工程师协会格式):作者名字,作者姓氏. "文章标题." 期刊名称,卷号,期号,页码范围,出版年份.例如:J. Smith, "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity," Environmental Science Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 45-60, 2020.请注意,以上仅为常见的几种引用格式示例,具体引用格式还应根据所使用的学术领域和出版机构的要求进行调整。

中英文参考文献

中英文参考文献

中英文参考文献
中英文参考文献是学术研究中必不可少的部分,用于向读者提供关于研究背景、方法和结果的详细信息。

以下是一些中英文参考文献的示例:
中文参考文献:
1. 张三. (2019). 机器学习算法在数据挖掘中的应用研究. 中国计算机学会.
2. 李四, 王五, & 赵六. (2018). 人工智能的发展及其应用. 北京: 电子工业出版社.
3. 吕七, 刘八, & 陈九. (2017). 自然语言处理技术的最新进展. 人工智能, 25(3), 28-35.
英文参考文献:
1. Zhang, S. (2019). Application of machine learning algorithms in data mining. China Computer Federation.
2. Li, S., Wang, W., & Zhao, L. (2018). The development and applications of artificial intelligence. Beijing: Electronics Industry Press.
3. Lyu, Q., Liu, B., & Chen, J. (2017). The latest advances in natural language processing technology. Artificial Intelligence, 25(3), 28-35.。

英文书籍参考文献

英文书籍参考文献

英文书籍参考文献参考文献是研究和写作科学论文时必备的一部分,它提供了支持和验证作者观点的来源。

下面是一些常见的英文书籍参考文献内容:书籍名字:Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone作者:J.K. Rowling出版日期:1997书籍名字:To Kill a Mockingbird作者:Harper Lee出版日期:1960书籍名字:Pride and Prejudice作者:Jane Austen出版日期:1813书籍名字:1984作者:George Orwell出版日期:1949书籍名字:The Catcher in the Rye作者:J.D. Salinger出版日期:1951书籍名字:The Great Gatsby作者:F. Scott Fitzgerald出版日期:1925书籍名字:Moby-Dick作者:Herman Melville出版日期:1851书籍名字:Jane Eyre作者:Charlotte Brontë出版日期:1847书籍名字:The Lord of the Rings作者:J.R.R. Tolkien出版日期:1954书籍名字:The Bible作者:Various出版日期:Various这些书籍都是经典的文学作品,在世界范围内享有很高的声誉和影响力。

它们涵盖了各种文学流派和主题,从奇幻小说到科幻小说,从社会评论到历史小说,从中世纪到未来,它们提供了对不同时代和文化背景的深入洞察。

这些书籍的作者都是非凡的文学大师,他们通过精湛的笔触和故事情节刻画出了令人难以忘怀的人物形象和引人入胜的剧情。

通过这些作品,读者可以沉浸在一个全新的世界中,探索和思考关于人性、社会和存在的问题。

这些书籍也被广泛翻译成各种语言,让全球读者都能享受到它们带来的魅力。

无论是学术研究还是纯粹的娱乐阅读,这些书籍都是不可或缺的参考。

它们为读者提供了不同的观点和经验,帮助读者扩展思维和视野。

英语论文参考文献

英语论文参考文献

英语论文参考文献[1] samour, l.a. and r.e porter. intercultural communication: a reader (5thed) [m].wadsworth publishing co., 1988.[2] goodman k. s. reading: a psycholinguistic guessing game [j]. journal of reading, 1976.[3] anderson rc. frame works for comprehending discourse [j]. american educational research journal, 1997,14: 369.[4] 胡文仲小编. 文化艺术与人际交往[m]. 北京市:外语教学与研究出版社,1994.[5] 肖健硕. 英文学习方法[m]. 北京市:现代出版社,1997.[6] 马博森. 课堂教学中的话语分析方式,外国语教育探索[m]. XX年第2期63-66页.[7] 廖道胜.中国学生英文阅读中的人文阻碍,英语教学[m]. XX年第4期73-77.biographical datawang lin, holds a doctorate in comparative literature and is vice-professor and dean of the english department of foshan university. he specializes in english literature and translation. he teaches english reading, translation, english literature, english poetry and has translated more than twenty english fictional and non-fictional works, such as aesops fables, the black pearl, the naturalism, the president lady, and oscar wilde and his fairy tales. he has published over ten academic papers, among the major ones; a study on dubin's life, a study on translating criticism of creation society, oscar wilde and tian han,and a plan to explore the oral english teaching for students of non-english major.英语专业论文论文选题可分成下列好多个课程方位一、词汇学(语言学一般基础理论的科学研究);二、英美文学(英美文学的文化教育、著作研究等);三、翻译学(翻泽理论和实际讨论、译版科学研究及其名人名篇翻泽著作比照科学研究等);四、英美文化(美国英国加澳新等欧美国家文化艺术及其与中国文化的比较研究);五、教学方式(英语教学法、检测学等领域的科学研究)。

几个英文文献的网站

几个英文文献的网站

几个免费英文文献的网站推荐几个免费英文文献的网站2007-06-14 9:48Update: 2011-06-26①:学术英文资料NCBI美国国家生物技术中心简介:生物、医学、药学等友情提示1:PMC搜索入口在Search下拉列表中找到,可以找到全文的免费文献友情提示2:其它入口也有部分文献可查看全文,如PubMed,右上角会有“Full-Text Article”HighWire Press简介:综合类;斯坦福大学下属的出版机构;友情提示:部分免费,标识有“This article is FREE”; Science简介:科学杂志官方网站友情提示:免费注册后,可以下载1997年以前的全文;注册有点繁琐,但是内容都可以随意填写,不过,一定要记住自己先前大致的填写内容,否则通不过最后的一个验证;Nature简介:自然杂志官方网站,有一些Full Text的在线发表的论文;ScienceDirect简介:综合期刊、论文;友情提示:仅带绿框的文章可全文浏览;沃顿知识在线简介:商业,金融经济类为主;分中、英文两个版本;Marxists 简介:文史类;有中文版;友情提示:一切与马克思主义挨边的资料人、事件、国家,都可以在这儿找;比如可以找到列宁、毛泽东、鲁迅等的生平和着作,还有法国大革命、古巴导弹危机……;literature简介:综合类;类似于一个文献搜索的搜索引擎;友情提示:“Free Full Text”一栏值得关注,提供了一些全文免费文献的搜索入口;②:普通英文资料Wikipedia维基百科简介:英文大百科全书;查单个词条十分方便;友情提示1:适合于查找资料性的东西,比如,电冰箱的诞生史、微软的概况、红楼梦的简评和人物分析等Many books简介:免费的英文小说下载,都是无版权争议的,即20世纪之前的经典,提供多种格式;友情提示:在Search框里输入内容后,直接回车即可,没设置搜索按钮;Archive简介:资源丰富,被称为网络的“黑洞”;友情提示:要找某个网站的历史网页,可以到这儿来碰碰运气;Encyclopedia简介:英文大百科全书,类似于Wikipedia;Answers简介:搜索引擎Answers做的百科;About简介:类似一个门户网站,可以找找分类文章;其它未整理:。

英文文献的参考文献格式

英文文献的参考文献格式

英文文献的参考文献格式英文参考文献的标准格式有哪些呢?第一,期刊(Journal)是最常见的参考文献类型。

它一般依次包括:作者,文章的题目,期刊名称,发表年份,卷号和页码。

譬如:Author 1,A. B.; Author 2, C. D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal name Year ,volume ,page range ,DOI or other identifier .Available online :URL(accessed on Dav Month Year).当然,页码也可以由DOI,文章编号(Artice Number)代替。

第二,参考文献如果是书(Book),则一般要列出:作者,书名,出版社,出版社地点(包括城市和国家),年份,页码。

譬如:Dyckman,Thomas R.,and Stephen A.Zeff."Accounting Research:Past,Present,and Future."Abacus 51.4(2015):511-524.第三,而如果引用的是书中的某个章节(Chapter),需要流出的信息有:作者,章节的题目,书名,编辑,出版社,出版社地点(包括城市和国家),年份,卷号,页码。

譬如:Author 1,A. ;Author 2, B. Title of the chapter .Tn Book Title ,2nd ed .;Editor 1, A.,Editor 1, B.,Eds.;Publisher Location ,Country,2007;Volume 3 ,pp.154-196.Author 1,A. ;Author 2, B. Title of the chapter .Tn Book Title ,2nd ed .;Editor 1, A.,Editor 1, B.,Eds.;Publisher Location ,Country,2007;Volume 3 ,pp.154-196.第四,而如果引用的文献是还没有发表的,则需要依次给出以下信息:作者,文章题目,期刊名称和阶段。

100篇英文经典文献

100篇英文经典文献

share with 各位会计、财务专业的同学...(P.S.读英文期刊绝对是体力活...开读前一定要吃好睡好...)这些是会计学的基础文献,是所有其他文献的参考文献~~~经典文献(The 100 articles with the highest citation index-until 1996)参考:Lawrence D. Brown, 1996, “Influential Accounting Articles, Individuals, Ph. D Granting Institutions and Faculties; A Citational Analysis”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol.21, NO.7/8, P726-7281. Ball, R. an d Brown, P., 1968, “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 159-1781. 2.Watts R.L., Zimmerman J., 1978, “Towards a Positive Theory of theDetermination of Accounting Standards”, The Accounting Review, pp. 112-1342. 3.Healy P.M, 1985, “The Effect of Bonus Schemes on Accounting Decisions”,Journal of Accounting and Economics, April, 85-1073.Hopwood A. G., “Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study ofAccounting and Information Systems”, Accounting, Organizations and Society (No.1, 1978) pp. 3-144.Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. P., 1989, “An Analysis of Intertemporal andCross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp. 143-1815.EastonP.D, Zmijewski M.E, 1989, “Cross-Sectional Variation in the Stock MarketResponse to Accounting Earnings Announcements”, Journal of Accou nting andEconomics, 117-1416.Beaver, W. H., 1968, “The Information Content of Annual EarningsAnnouncements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-927.Holthausen R.W., Leftwich R.W., 1983, “The Economic Consequences ofAccounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-1178.Patell J.M, 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock PriceBehavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-2769.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8710.Ou J.A., Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis a nd the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32911.William H. Beaver, Roger Clarke, William F. Wright, 1979, “The Associationbetween Unsystematic Security Returns and the Magnitude of Earnings ForecastErrors,” Journa l of Accounting Research, 17, 316-340.12.Burchell S., Clubb C., Hopwood, A., Hughes J., Nahapiet J., 1980, “The Roles ofAccounting in Organizations and Society”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp. 5-2813.Atiase, R.K., 1985, “Predisclosure Info rmation, Firm Capitalization, and SecurityPrice Behavior Around Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-36.ler P., O'Leary T., 1987, “Accounting and the Construction of the GovernablePerson”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 3, pp. 235-26615.O'Brien P.C., 1988, “Analysts' Forecasts As Earnings Expectations”, journal ofAccounting & Economics, pp.53-8316.Bernard, V. L., 1987, “Cross-Sectional Dependence and Problems in Inference inMarket-Based Accounting Researc h”, Journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.1-4817.Brown L.D., Griffin P.A., Hagerman R.L., Zmijewski M.E, 1987, “An Evaluation ofAlternative Proxies for the Market’s Assessment of Unexpected Earnings”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 61-8718.Freem an, R. N., 1987, “The Association Between Accounting Earnings and SecurityReturns for Large and Small Firms”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp.195-22819.Collins, D. W. , Kothari, S. P. and Rayburn, J. D., 1987, “Firm Size and theInformation Content of Prices with Respect to Earnings”, journal of Accounting & Economics, pp. 111-13820.Beaver, W. H., Lambert, R. A. and Morse, D., 1980, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices, Journal of Accounting & Economics”, March, pp. 3-2821.Foster G., 1977, “Quar terly Accounting Data: Time-Series Properties andpredictive-Ability Results”, The Accounting Review, pp. 201-23222.Christie A.A., 1987, “On Cross-Sectional Analysis in Accounting Research”, journalof Accounting & Economics, December, pp. 231-25823.Loft A., 1986, “Towards a Critica1 Understanding of Accounting: The Case of CostAccounting in theU.K.”, 1914-1925, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.2, pp.137-17024.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., 1974, “Capital Market Equilibrium, InformationProduction, and Selecting Accounting Techniques: Theoretical Framework and Review of Empirical Work”, journal of Accounting, 48-12925.Bowen, R. M. , Noreen, E. W. and Lacey, J. M., 1981, “Determinants of theCorporate Decision to Capitalize Interest”, Journal of Accounting & E conomics, August, pp151-17926.Hagerman R.L, Zmijewski M.E, 1979, “Some Economic Determinants of AccountingPolicy Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, August, 141-16127.Burchell S., Clubb, C. and Hopwood, A. G., 1985, “Accounting in its Socia1 Conte xt:Towards a History of Value Added in theUnited Kingdom”, Accounting,Organizations and Society, No. 4, pp.381-41428.Leftwich R.W, 1981, “Evidence of the Impact of Mandatory Changes in AccountingPrinciples on Corporate Loan Agreements”, Journal of Accoun ting and Economics, 3-3629.Bernard, V. L. and Thomas, J . K., 1989, “Post-Earnings Announcement Drift:Delayed Price Response or Risk Premium?”, Journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3630.WattsR.L., Zimmerman J.L., 1979, “The Demand for and Supply of Account ingTheories: The Market for Excuses”, The Accounting Review, April, pp. 273-305 31.Armstrong J.P., 1987, “the rise of Accounting Controls in British CapitalistEnterprises”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, May, pp. 415-43632.Beaver, W. H. , Lambert, R. A. and Ryan, S. G., 1987, “The Information Content ofSecurity Prices: A Second Look”, journal of Accounting & Economics, July, pp.139-15733.Chambers, A. E., Penman, S.H, 1984, “Timeliness of Reporting and the Stock PriceReaction to Earnings Announcemen ts”, journal of Accounting Research, Spring, pp.21-4734.Collins D.W., Rozeff M.S., Dhaliwal D.S., 1981, “The Economic Determinants of theMarket Reaction to Proposed Mandatory Accounting Changes in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Cross-Sectional Analysis”, Jou rnal of Accounting and Economics, 37-71 35.Holthausen R.W., 1981, “Evidence on the Effect of Bond Covenants andManagement Compensation Contracts on the Choice of Accounting Techniques: The Case of the Depreciation Switch-Back”, journal of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 73-10936.ZmijewskiM.E., Hagerman R.L., 1981, “An Income Strategy Approach to thePositive Theory of Accounting Standard Settings/Choice”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 129-14937.Lev B., Ohlson J.A, 1982, “Market-Based Empirical Research in Accounting: AReview, Interpretation, and Ext ension”, Journal of Accounting Research, 249-322 38.Ou J. and Penman S.H., 1989, “Financial Statement Analysis and the Prediction ofStock Returns”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, Nov., 295-32939.Bruns Jr. W.J, Waterhouse, J., 1975, “Budgetary Control a nd OrganizationStructure”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 177-20340.Tinker A.M., Merino B.D., Neimark M., 1982, “The Normative Origins of PositiveTheories: Ideology and Accounting Thought, Accounting, Organizations andSociety”, No. 2, pp. 167-20041.Foster, G., 1980, “Accounting Policy Decisions and Capital Market Research”,journal of Accounting & Economics March, pp. 29-6242.Gibbins M., 1984, “Propositions About the Psychology of Professional Judgement inPublic Accounting”, Journal of Account ing Research, Spring, pp. 103-12543.Hopwood A.G, 1983, “On Trying to Study Accounting in the Contexts in which itOperates”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2/3, pp. 287-30544.Abdolmohammadi M.J., Wright A., 1987, “An Examination of the Effects ofExperience and Task Complexity on Audit Judgments”, The Accounting Review, pp.1-1345.Berry, A. J., Capps, T., Cooper, D.,Ferguson, P., Hopper, T. and Lowe, E. A., 1985,“Management Control in an Area of the NCB: Rationales of Accounting Practices ina Pub lic Enterprise”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.1, pp.3-2846.Hoskin, K.W., Macve R.H, 1986, “Accounting and the Examination: A Genealogy ofDisciplinary Power”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No. 2, pp. 105-136 47.Kaplan R.S, 1984, “The Evolution of Management Accounting”, The AccountingReview, 390-34148.Libby R., 1985, “Availability and the Generation of Hypotheses in Analytica1Review”, journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, pp. 648-66749.Wilson G.P., 1987, “The Incremental Information Con tent of the Accrual and FundsComponents of Earnings After Controlling for Earnings”, the Accounting Review, 293-32250.Foster, G., Olsen, C., Shevlin T., 1984, “Earnings Releases, Anomalies, and theBehavior of Security Returns”, The Accounting Review, Octo ber, pp.574-603 51.Lipe R.C., 1986, “The Information Contained in the Components of Earnings”,journal of Accounting Research, pp. 37-6852.Rayburn J., 1986, “The Association of Operating Cash Flows and Accruals WithSecurity Returns”, Journal of Accounting Re search, 112-13753.Ball, R. and Foster, G., 1982, “Corporate Financial Reporting: A MethodologicalReview of Empirical Research”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 161-234 54.Demski J.S, Feltham G.A, 1978, “Economic Incentives in Budgetary ControlSystems”, The Accounting Review, 336-35955.Cooper D.J, Sherer M.J, 1984, “The Value of Corporate Accounting Reports:Arguments for a Political Economy of Accounting”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, 207-23256.Arrington, C. E., Francis J.R., 1989, “Letting the Chat Out of the Bag:Deconstruction privilege and Accounting Research”, Accounting Organization and Society, March, pp. 1-2857.Fried, D., Givoly, D., 1982, “Financial Analysts' Forecasts of Earnings: A BetterSurrogate for Market Expectations”, journal of Accounting & Economics, October, pp. 85-10758.Waterhouse J. H., Tiessen P., 1978, “A Contingency Framework for ManagementAccounting Systems Research”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3,pp.65-7659.Ashton, R .H., 1974, “Experimental Study of In ternal Control Judgment journal ofaccounting Research”, 1974, pp. 143-15760.Collins D. W., Dent, W. T., 1979, “The Proposed Elimination of Full Cost Accountingin the Extractive Petroleum Industry: An Empirical Assessment of the MarketConsequences”, journ al of Accounting & Economics, March, pp. 3-4461.Watts R.L., Leftwich, R. W., 1977, “The Time Series of Annual Accounting Earnings,journal of Accounting Research”, Autumn, pp. 253-27162.Otley D.T, 1980, “The Contingency Theory of Management Accounting:Achievement and Prognosis”, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, NO. 4,413-42863.Hayes D.C, 1977, “The Contingency Theory of Managerial Accounting”, TheAccounting Review, January, 22-3964.Bea ver, W. H. ,Griffin, P. A. and Landsman, W. R., 1982, “The IncrementalInformation Content of Replacement Cost Earnings”, Journal of Accounting &Economics, July, pp. 15-3965.Libby R., Lewis B.L., 1977, “Human Information Processing Research in Accounting:The State of the Art”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No.3, pp. 245-268 66.Schipper W., Thompson R., 1983, “The Impact Mergers-Related Regulations onthe Shareholders of Acquiring Firms”, Journal of Accounting Research, 184-221 67.Antle, R., Smith, A., 1986, “An Empirical Investigation of the Relative PerformanceEvaluation of Corporate Executives”, journal of Accounting Research, spring,pp.1-39.68.GonedesN.J., Dopuch N., Penman S.H., 1976, “Disclosure Rules,Information-Production, and Capital Market Equilibrium: The Case of ForecastDisclosure Rules”, Journal of Accounting Research, 89-13769.Ashton, A. H. and Ashton, R. H., 1998, “Sequential Belief Revision in Auditing”, TheAccounting Review, October, pp. 623-641rcker D.F, 1983, “The Association Be tween Performance Plan Adoption andCorporate Capital Investment”, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 3-3071.McNichols M., Wilson G.P., 1988, “Evidence of Earnings Management from theProvision for Bad Debts”, journal of Accounting Research, pp.1-3172.Tomk ins C., Groves R., 1983, “The Everyday Accountant and Researching HisReality”, Accounting, Organizations and Society, No 4, pp361-37473.Dye R.A, 1985, “Disclosure of Nonproprietary Information”, Journal of AccountingResearch, 123-14574.Biddle, G. C. and Li ndahl F. 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英文专著参考文献格式举例

英文专著参考文献格式举例

英文专著参考文献格式举例参考文献是学术研究的重要组成部分,它为研究提供了有力的支持和参考。

在写英文专著时,适当引用相关的参考文献是必不可少的,下面是一些英文专著参考文献格式举例:1. 书籍:Smith, John. (2021). "The Impact of Climate Change on Global Ecosystems." Cambridge University Press.这是一本由约翰·史密斯(John Smith)撰写的关于气候变化对全球生态系统影响的书籍,出版商为剑桥大学出版社(Cambridge University Press)。

2. 期刊文章:Brown, Mary, et al. (2020). "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare." Journal of Medical Research, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 123-135.这篇期刊文章由玛丽·布朗(Mary Brown)等人撰写,题为“人工智能在医疗领域中的作用”,发表于《医学研究杂志》(Journal of Medical Research),第45卷,第3期,页码为123-135。

3. 学位论文:Johnson, David. (2019). "The Effects of Social Media onAdolescent Mental Health." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University.这是一篇由大卫·约翰逊(David Johnson)撰写的关于社交媒体对青少年心理健康影响的学位论文,未发表,毕业于哈佛大学。

4. 网络资源:World Health Organization. (2020). "COVID-19: Guidelines for Public Health Measures." Available at:https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/phm-measures.这是世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)关于COVID-19公共卫生措施指南的网络资源,可在https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/phm-measures上找到。

英文文献怎么找

英文文献怎么找

英文文献怎么找引言:在进行学术研究和写作时,获取相关的英文文献是不可或缺的。

找到可靠且适合研究领域的英文文献,对于提供有力的支持和资料是至关重要的。

本文将介绍几种常见的方法,帮助您有效地查找英文文献。

一、图书馆及索引数据库1. 纸质图书馆:传统的图书馆仍然是一种常见的资源,可以找到大量的英文文献。

在图书馆使用卡片目录或在线目录,通过书名、作者姓名、主题或关键字查找相关书籍。

2. 图书馆提供的电子资源:许多大学和公共图书馆提供在线数据库和电子期刊,可以方便地查找英文文献。

通过访问图书馆网站,您可以浏览数据库和目录,使用关键字搜索进行研究和查找。

3. 知名索引数据库:一些知名的索引数据库提供广泛的英文文献检索服务,其中包含大量学术期刊、图书、会议论文和报告等。

常见的索引数据库包括PubMed、Google学术、Web of Science、Scopus等。

通过这些数据库,您可以使用关键字、作者、标题等进行搜索,并获得相关的文献列表。

二、学术搜索引擎1. Google学术:Google学术是一个强大的学术搜索引擎,提供广泛的英文文献检索服务。

与普通的搜索引擎不同,Google学术的搜索结果主要包含学术性的资源,如学术期刊、学位论文、会议论文等。

用户可以使用关键字、作者、标题等进行搜索,并通过相关性和引用数量等指标筛选出合适的文献。

2. Microsoft学术搜索:Microsoft学术搜索是微软公司提供的一个学术搜索引擎,特点是可以根据用户的需求进行高级搜索、学科筛选、排序和过滤,提供精准的英文文献检索服务。

3. 其他学术搜索引擎:除了Google学术和Microsoft学术,还有一些其他的学术搜索引擎可供选择,如JSTOR、Project MUSE、IEEE Xplore等。

这些学术搜索引擎专注于学术界的研究资源,提供了高质量和可信度较高的英文文献资源。

三、在线学术交流平台和社交媒体1. 学术交流平台:学术交流平台如ResearchGate和是研究人员之间分享研究成果和资源的社交网络,提供了大量的英文文献。

英文参考文献格式标准

英文参考文献格式标准

英文参考文献格式标准在学术研究中,参考文献是非常重要的一部分,它能够提供对相关研究和观点的支持和证据。

为了规范参考文献的书写方式,国际上已经制定了一套标准的英文参考文献格式。

本文将介绍这些标准的英文参考文献格式,并提供一些示例,以便读者能够正确地引用和书写参考文献。

1. 期刊文章[1] 作者. 文章题目. 期刊名, 年份, 卷号(期号):页码.范例:[1] Smith J. The effects of climate change on biodiversity. Journal of Ecology, 2010, 38(2): 245-256.2. 书籍[2] 作者. 书名. 版本. 出版地: 出版社, 出版年份, 页码.范例:[2] Johnson L. Environmental Science. 3rd ed. London: Pearson Education, 2009, pp. 45-57.3. 会议论文[3] 作者. 论文题目. 会议名, 会议地, 会议日期.范例:[3] Anderson C. Renewable energy sources. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainable Development, Tokyo, Japan, June 2018.4. 学位论文[4] 作者. 论文题目. 学位类型, 学位授予单位, 授予年份.范例:[4] Wang L. The impact of social media on consumer behavior. PhD thesis, University of California, 2015.5. 报纸文章[5] 作者. 文章题目. 报纸名, 出版日期, 版次.范例:[5] Brown M. New scientific discovery challenges previous theories. The Guardian, 2nd February 2021, p. 7.6. 网络资源[6] 作者. 网页标题. 在线来源, 出版日期或访问日期. 网址.范例:[6] World Health Organization. COVID-19: Key Facts. Online, accessed on 15th March 2021. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019需要注意的是,以上范例仅供参考,实际引用时需要根据具体情况进行相应的修改和调整。

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中国城市空间格局的演化及其对区域发展的影响摘要:随着经济的显著增长,过去60年里中国城市化进程已经得到了快速的推进和发展。

然而,城市化的发展与区域发展不同步和人口与经济分布过于离散化的问题也逐渐显现出来。

本文运用质心分析方法,论证了中国的城市化及其演化方法以及从1952年到2005年间的城市空间格局。

通过对区域城市化发展的影响分析得出了两个指标的设置是代表三的质心的耦合状态。

最后,从空间形态的角度,总结了中国城市化的特征及其演变过程,还对其与经济发展的相互作用进行了研究,并对为了确保全国区域均衡发展而制定的人口政策提出若干对策建议。

关键词:城市化模式;质心分析;产业化;人口流动;区域发展1.简介城市化和工业化是推动社会发展的两个最根本的驱动力。

通常理解为,城市化的基本动力是工业化对劳动力需求的迅速增加(Gu,2003)。

因此,通常人们认为城市化是与工业化,甚至附属工业化相关联的(Wu,2006)。

实际上,城市化与工业化是相互促进的关系。

城市化通过农村剩余劳动力的稳定流动来为工人提供商业产品,而工业化却通过大规模生产和新技术为城镇化提供必要的生活条件(顾,2003)。

他们是区域发展的两个不可分割、相互作用的。

他们既可以提高区域发展的水平,又可以重塑区域发展的空间格局。

区域发展的过程中,人口的移动着角色联系的纽带,协调城市化与人口、经济分布的工业化。

另一方面,从稀薄的迁移—发达地区向发达地区可以重塑区域间的空间格局人口分布;而另一方面,从农村迁移城市可以重塑城乡人口分布的空间格局。

一般来说,人口一直流到适当的位置集聚经济发生的情况下,统一市场与对称信息,经济和人口的分布应区域发展过程中同时改变。

因此,本经济和人口分布可以作为重要的指标,说明人口流动和区域发展的空间格局发展和城市化的发展以及它们之间的不平衡可以反映区域发展不平衡。

通过分析经济分布和人口,我们还可以研究城市化贡献率的区域发展。

中国的城市化已经取得了显著的进步,在过去的60年中也很多,其经济增长。

然而,中国的城市化的过程是曲折的。

虽然城市化增加到46.6%从10%在2009比1949,在第一个30年从1949到1978的增长率低于7%。

甚至在最近的30年中,中国的快速城市化过程中伴随着许多复杂的问题。

作为人口分布的不平衡发展,产业结构方面的一个缩影,社会发展,等等,中国的城市化是一个反映中国区域发展的独特的旅程。

克服困难的问题,如何发展中国的可协调,我们应该平衡经济与人口分布之间的关系以及产业化和互动。

概述了六十年的历史,中国的发展表明,城市化和工业化的步骤也伴随着其他的发展。

然而,经济和人口仍处于不同的状态分布。

比较低的城市化率在中国高经济产出,这就像经济集聚并没有带来人口和城市化的聚集分布的人口基本上没有改变。

这是地区差距不断扩大的地区发展过程中的一个关键原因在。

对中国城市化发展速度及其影响区域发展的空间格局,本文采用质心分析方法。

基于城市人口重心,从1952到2005年中国经济的发展和人口的一个模型,建立了耦合状态,说明这些中心和研究了耦合状态之间的关系,这些中心和区域协调发展。

之后,它证明了中国城市化的空间格局变化分析中国的城市化区域发展的影响。

最后,给出了未来中国城镇化的一些建议。

2.方法区域差异分析是一种重要的方法来描述区域发展空间模式。

本研究的目的是分析两种差异:城市化水平与区域发展差异,区域差异。

传统的分析大多采用“定量空间”的方法,强调一个指标代表研究对象应该首先建立的影响因素,如城市化率,然后在不同区域的分数这个指数应该评估REF进行研究对象的空间差异较大。

在本文中,一个“空间定量”的方法,介绍了采用质心分析。

我们得出的城市化与区域发展空间上的相关因素并分析其投影,即质心,研究在一个更加灵活、便捷的区域差异。

2.1数据来源我们引入了两个指标来反映中国的城市化与区域发展水平。

一是城镇化率指标,一个代表城市化水平,而另一个是人均GDP,现阶段区域发展的主要指标。

从这两个指标,三个指标可提取,即,人口,GDP,而城市人口。

在分析计算出的质心,而城市化率和人均直接,三空间测量,即人口重心(CP ),经济(CE),与城市人口(Cup),通过将人口了,GDP、城市人口在空间分别为。

此外,基于三中心的几个指标,建立了空间格局中国的城市化与区域发展,以及它们之间的相互作用。

省统计进行总体分析的原因有两个。

首先在中国,城市化和经济发展条件下,区域间的差异比内部区域差异更显著。

因此,质心的实际坐标和基于省级统计计算结果之间的误差是允许的。

其次,在区域发展的阶段,这是正常现象,人口和经济的聚集出现差异显著的地方,而在更大的面积相对稳定。

现在,省统计可以帮助避免在当地的水平区域差异引起的附加状态的紊乱的空间格局,这是更有说服力的质心分析。

针对分析结果可能会出现大的波动年复一年,由于异常的影响,意外或偶然因素,模糊的空间格局的演变,每五年的数据研究中被采用,而不是每年统计。

颞部对应于每一个五年计划期间2005、1952年,包括1965在三年的重组计划的完成。

2.2质心定位关于经济的分布研究的数量,人口和其他资源已经在近几年来,许多采用质心法,如对中国农村的产业空间演化的研究自1978(风机和陶伯曼,1996)的研究,对中国的经济和人口的演变自1978(徐等人,2001;徐等人,2006;冯等人,2006),并对中国经济在过去50年的进化研究(桥等人,2005;王等人,2006)。

在这些研究成果的基础上,一个成熟的算法已经形成了以找到有关的质心。

分期的概念来自几何。

在几何学中,一架飞机的质心,或二维形状的V,是所有直线将V在线矩相等两部分交叉口。

这是一般的,即,算术平均,所有点之。

在区域性研究,为区域发展的某些因子的分布,如人口,GDP、城市人口,被认为是无穷大的点以等量,质心至他的因子可以作为平均所有这样的点。

因此,每一部分的任何直线双方通过质心在这些要素的分布是相同的。

根据几何定义,一个质心坐标可以通过以下公式计算:在公式中,C(x)是质心的横坐标,ρ是分布密度,W指的是一定数量的参数。

五年的统计数据,而不是使用年度的积分矩,酮,和可以被替换成求和,这样的计算可以简化。

每个部分的时刻(省)的代表是由产品的数量因子(Wi)和省级中心坐标的重心(Qi )。

本研究是在城市人口、非农业人口法测定(Ui)、经济(GDP)(Ei ),总人口岁的居民在电流端(Pi)和省级中心,重心坐标(Qi)由中国31省的资本。

结果,人口的质心横坐标(CP )、经济(EC)和城市人口(Cu)可以表达在下面2.3质心耦合状态城市人口重心,经济和人口总量不仅反映了他们自己的空间分布,也可以作为定量测量代表城市化与区域发展的空间格局。

在本文中,两个指标,即,距离和一致性是用来显示从静态和动态角度质心的耦合状态,以及城市化和区域发展的影响机制。

2.3.1距离距离反映了重力的中心的空间重叠,可以计算为指标如下:作为中心的每两个之间的距离都有不同的意义,它们都能够反映中国城市化与区域发展的空间结构。

C P 和之Cup间的距离(dPU)反映了城市化水平的区域差异。

随着城市化发展水平是城市人口总人口的比例确定,城市化水平的区域差异可以被认为是不匹配的分布以及城市人口在总人口的空间。

距离越大,较大的不匹配的分布的城市人口与总人口和城镇化水平差异较大。

C p 和Ce之间的距离(dPE)反映了区域发展的差异。

在中国目前的发展阶段,区域发展水平可以通过人均GDP为代表。

作为一个结果,不匹配的人口分布和经济空间显示,人均GDP为代表的区域差距,进一步体现了区域发展的差异。

C up 和CE之间的距离(due)反映了城市化对区域发展的驱动力。

可以认为,距离越大,对GDP的比率方面的区域差异,反映城市人口城市化对经济发展的贡献较大。

因此,该比率可以被转化简单如下:2.3.2 同步一致性一致性指数代表两个质心的运动之间的方向性差异。

为在一定时期内两个质心的运动,其运动轨迹的交点角的定义是。

很明显,角度越小,越一致的运动是通过两个中心(见图1)。

因此,余弦的定义是一致性指数(C)。

以纵向和横向在一定时期的质心位移ΔX和ΔY,一致性指数可以计算如下根据余弦定理。

C的范围从-1到1的值。

较大的C,更一致的质心运动。

这意味着两个中心走向同一个方向时,C = 1,朝着相反的方向当C等于-1。

3.结果和解释基于质心坐标计算的结果,人口重心,从1952到2005的经济和城市人口的映射,通过地理信息系统(见图2)。

3.1.1城市人口分布可以看出,中国的城市人口空间分布发生了强烈的从1952到2005,因为他非常显著。

它揭示了一个稳定的城市人口分布没有在53年从们的运动范围的Cup1952到2005的形成。

基于城市人口分布状况,这一时期可以分为四个阶段。

(1)第一阶段从1952到1965已经向东北方向。

它揭示了城市化的发展更为迅速,在北方在这期间,Cup比在中国的南部。

在20世纪50年代,116的156个重点建设项目,包括钢铁厂,化工厂,设备制造行业等,均位于北部,56个在东北。

当时,中国政府已经扩大了重点工业城市和建立起来的一批新的城市附近的项目落户的工人。

到1965年,对东北三省的城市化,这是辽宁,吉林和黑龙江,是中国三大地方。

(2)第二阶段从1965到1975在这期间,C走向西。

需要注意的是,中国的城市化率下降这一时期重要up的。

在“文化大革命”的十年,许多农民工回到农村和城市知青下乡的农村人承担农民的生活。

所以,城市化进程的倒退是主要的趋势,从而导致经济混乱和发展停滞甚至全国的混乱。

同时,“三线建设”项目,国防和模板的全民运动,可以视为一个大规模的产业转移,是诉讼。

公司产业和基础设施的群众在中国西部山区的封闭构造。

作为一个结果,轻但在西部城镇化率的增加被发现的比较。

(3)第三阶段从1975到1990确切地说,这个阶段在1978开始,开始的改革开放,中国年。

在这期间,走向东南亚。

随着从计划经济到市场经济的转变,外商直接投资(FDI)已经Cup成为经济发展的主要驱动力。

在全球化的浪潮下,无论是东北和中国北方,绝对不是西方的,是能够保持其优势的区域发展。

相反,先进的位置,中国沿海地区成为一个接收器的外商直接投资,因此中国东部和南部已经收复了发展中的主导地位。

由于经济增长,南方的城市化是推动。

成长的小城镇是在这个阶段,城市)“江苏南部”模式下,“温州模式”化的一个显著特点。

发展乡镇企业(TVES下的私营企业的蓬勃发展,和外部驱动的“外化”下的“广东模式”提出了长江三角洲地区小城镇的发展,珍珠三角洲和其他东南亚。

(4)第四阶段从1990到2005在这期间,C走向东南亚更显著。

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