2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第3篇_毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第3篇_毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第3篇The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeedan interesting experiment,美国三百万美元的基础物理学奖的确是一项令人觉得有趣的试验，as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted thisyear’s award in March.正如今年三月Alexander Polyakov领取本年度的基础物理学奖所说。
And it is far from the only one of its type.而且这种类型的奖项可不止只有基础物理学奖。
As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a stringof lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章论述，近年来，一系列给研究者设立的利益丰厚的奖项能与诺贝尔奖相媲美。
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bankaccounts of Internet entrepreneurs.许多奖项，比如基础物理学奖，其资金来自于互联网企业家们如电话号码长度般的巨额银行存款。
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say,这些捐助者在他们各自的领域很成功，他们说，and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.而且他们想用他们的财富让人们注意到那些科学领域的有所成功的人。
2014考研英语一真题完整版及答案详解
2014考研英语一真题完整版及答案详解[说明：本篇文章是对2014年考研英语一真题的完整版及答案的详细解析。
文章将分为四个部分，分别是阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作，以保持整洁美观的排版。
]第一部分：阅读理解[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的阅读理解部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：阅读理解一[解析：这里是对第一篇阅读理解的题目进行解析。
]题目1答案：B[解析：答案为B。
]题目2：阅读理解二[解析：这里是对第二篇阅读理解的题目进行解析。
]题目2答案：C[解析：答案为C。
]第二部分：完形填空[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的完形填空部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：完形填空一[解析：这里是对第一篇完形填空的题目进行解析。
]题目1答案：D[解析：答案为D。
]题目2：完形填空二[解析：这里是对第二篇完形填空的题目进行解析。
]题目2答案：A[解析：答案为A。
]第三部分：翻译[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的翻译部分进行分析和解答。
]题目1：翻译一[解析：这里是对第一道翻译题目进行解析。
]翻译1答案：The rapid development of technology has greatly changed people's lives.[解析：正确答案为：技术的迅猛发展极大地改变了人们的生活。
]题目2：翻译二[解析：这里是对第二道翻译题目进行解析。
]翻译2答案：In recent years, China's economy has achieved remarkable growth.[解析：正确答案为：近年来，中国的经济取得了显著增长。
]第四部分：写作[说明：本部分将对2014年考研英语一真题中的写作部分进行分析和解答。
]题目：写作[解析：这里是对写作题目的解析。
]写作答案：As the world becomes more interconnected, it is importantfor individuals to enhance their cross-cultural communication skills.[解析：正确答案为：随着世界变得更加互联互通，个人提升跨文化交流技巧变得越来越重要。
2014年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案
2014年考研英语一真题及参考答案Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200lawOne idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on imp roving firms’ effi ciency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.整个世界范围内，律师比起其他任何职业的人员引起更多的敌意--可能除了新闻业人员。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(二)第3篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（二）第3篇Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society.Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed.The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation.The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.But judging from recent studies of cryingbehavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears,both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears.Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses,it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.Although some observers have suggestedthat crying is a way to elicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother),the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention.So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress.University of Minnesota researchers who arestudying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears.Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University’s tear Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report thatthey can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication,to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable,to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery,and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.At Columbia University, Dr.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.社会不会鼓励哭泣行为。
2014年考研英语(一)真题答案
2014年考研英语(一)真题答案1. where2. fades3. While4. limited5. well-being6. turns7. workouts8. functions9. process10. excel11. However12. according to13. further14. sharpness15. allows16. track17. on18. constantly19. build20. effectiveText 121. B encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking22. C to register for an allowance from the government23. D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers24. A uneasy25. A The British welfare system indulges jobseeker’s laziness点评：本篇文章摘自the Guardian(卫报)上题为“In language and action, there's a new brutalism in Westminster”的一篇评论文。
George Osborne提出“前期寻找工作”方案，目的是为了提高人民生活水平，减少其对于政府失业津贴的依赖。
接着分析他提出这一方案的动机及这方案的有效性，其中涉及失业者的心态和英国现有的福利政策。
本篇阅读有一定的难度，需要考生从作者的措辞和对于一些关键词的双引号准确推断出作者对于George Osborne的这一方案的态度。
选项设置有一定的混淆性。
Text 226. D the attraction of financial rewards27. C Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major28. B the rigid bodies governing the profession29. A bans outsider’s involvement in the profession30. C a problem in America’s legal profession and。
2014考研英语答案及解析(官方版)
声明：近期网上流传多种版本的英语答案严重困扰考生，本答案为考研阅卷组英语（一）的标准答案，请考生勿随意轻信其他“某某版”答案。
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。
B、when引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作"老年时分"(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A.Improve表示提高;C.recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。
B选项limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。
2014年考研英语一真题及答案解析0204192257
2014硕士研究生统一入学考试英语一Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___. The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses 3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While 4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However 12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of 13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years ofever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives atime-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to [A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits. [B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking. [C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily. [D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits. 22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means [A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre. [B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance. [C]to register for an allowance from the government. [D]to attend a governmental job-training program. 23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme? [A]A desire to secure a better life for all. [B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed. [C]An urge to be generous to the claimants. [D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel [A]uneasy [B]enraged. [C]insulted. [D]guilty. 25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree? [A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness. [B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment. [C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs. [D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America. During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare. There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard. Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third. The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow. 26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to [A]the growing demand from clients. [B]the increasing pressure of inflation. [C]the prospect of working in big firms. [D]the attraction of financial rewards. 27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states? [A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies. [B]Admissions approval from the bar association. [C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major. [D]Receiving training by professional associations. 28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from [A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance. [B]the rigid bodies governing the profession. [C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers. [D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism. 29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive"partly because it [A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession. [B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares. [C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade. [D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits. 30.In this text, the author mainly discusses [A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes. [B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America. [C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it. [D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3 The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from thetelephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius. The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research. As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes toacknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace. 31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as [A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth. [B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes. [C]an example of bankers’ investments. [D]a handsome reward for researchers. 32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit [A]the profit-oriented scientists. [B]the founders of the new awards. [C]the achievement-based system. [D]peer-review-led research. 33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves [A]controversies over the recipients’ status. [B]the joint effort of modern researchers. [C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes. [D]the demonstration of research findings. 34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels? [A]Their endurance has done justice to them. [B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute. [C]They are the most representative honor. [D]History has never cast doubt on them. 35.The author believes that the now awards are [A]acceptable despite the criticism. [B]harmful to the culture of research. [C]subject to undesirable changes. [D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4 "The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good. In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents,scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism. The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs. Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda. Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate. 36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report? [A] Critical [B] Appreciative [C] Contemptuous [D] Tolerant 37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to [A] retain people’s interest in liberal education [B] define the government’s role in education [C] keep a leading position in liberal education [D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education 38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests [A] an exclusive study of American history [B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects [C] the application of emerging technologies [D] funding for the study of foreign languages 39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are [A] supportive of free markets [B] cautious about intellectual investigation [C] conservative about public policy [D] biased against classical liberal ideas 40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter" [B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter" [C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education [D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart B Directions: [A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. [B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. [C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. [D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. [E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a varietyof high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. [F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900. [G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)答案及解析答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB 1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析 [选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014考研英语阅读理解原文之英语一text3
英语一text3原文Young upstartsLucrative prizes emulating the Nobels bring welcome money and publicity for science.When a theoretical physicist who has worked on quantum field and string theory calls attention to an “interesting experiment”, the experiment de serves notice. This is particularly true when that experiment is an attempt to deliver a little Hollywood glamour to physics, with an Oscars-style ceremony and gigantic cash prizes.The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interestingexperi ment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Featureon. discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the meritocracy of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research. Several want to show that leading scientists can attain the lifestyles of financiers and footballers.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes — both new and old — are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research — as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set upby a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may grumble about the new awards, the financial doping that they bring to research and the wisdom of the goals behind them, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism — that is the culture of research, after all — but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to accept such gifts with gratitude and grace.。
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
2014考研英语真题英语一阅读部分
Text 1①In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”scheme. ②Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. ③What could be more reasonable?①More apparent reasonableness followed. ②There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. ③“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,”he claimed.④“We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”⑤Help? ⑥Really? ⑦On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. ⑧What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.①Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. ②It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. ③You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. ④Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. ⑤Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.①But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. ②It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. ③The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. ④Even the very phrase “jobseeker's allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. ⑤Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne's scheme was intended to__________.[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase “to sign on”（Line 2, Para. 2）most probably means__________.[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel__________.[A] uneasy[B] enraged[C] insulted[D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2①All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism. ②But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.①During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. ②The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. ③But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. ④Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.①There are many reasons for this. ②One is the excessive costs of a legal education. ③There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subjects, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. ④This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. ⑤Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.①Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. ②Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. ③One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. ④Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. ⑤If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. ⑥Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.①The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.②Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. ③This keeps fees high and innovation slow. ④There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.①In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. ②After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. ③America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to__________.[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from__________.[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it__________.[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses__________.[A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal educationText 3①The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. ②And it is far from the only one of its type. ③As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. ④Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. ⑤These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.①What's not to like? ②Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. ③You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. ④The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. ⑤They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. ⑥They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. ⑦They do not fund peer-reviewed research. ⑧They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.①The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. ②Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.①As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes —both new and old —are distributed. ②The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. ③But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research —as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. ④The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. ⑤Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.①As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. ②First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. ③Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. ④It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism —that is the culture of research, after all —but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. ⑤It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as__________.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investment[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit__________.[A] the profit-oriented scientists[B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system[D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves__________.[A] controversies over the recipients' status[B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are__________.[A] acceptable despite the criticism[B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes[D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 14-06 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter”never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas —such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?[A] Critical.[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to __________.[A] retain people's interest in liberal education[B] define the government's role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals' rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests__________.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are__________.[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第4篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第4篇“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences(AAAS),deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAASasking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators,individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarshi p and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives,as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable.Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy;stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government;and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universitieshave produced graduates who don’t know the content and chara cter of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciencesas vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study。
2014考研英语（一）真题答案（完整版）
2014考研英语（一）真题答案（完整版）第一篇：2014考研英语(一)真题答案(完整版)文都首发2014考研英语一真题答案（完整版）来源：文都教育I cloze1.A where2.B fades3.D while4.C damaging5.A well-bing6.A turns7.C workouts8.B functions9.D process10.C excel11.D However12.A according toB furtherA sharpnessD allowsB trackD on18.C constantlyC buildB effectiveII Reading comprehensionPart AText 1BEncourage job seekers’ active engagement in job seeking.22 Cto register for an allowance from the government.AA desire to secure a better life for all.24Auneasy.BOsborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.Text 2.D.The attraction of financial rewards27.C.Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major28.B.The rigid bodies governing the profession29.A.Bans outsides’ involvement in the profession30.C.A problem in America’s legal profession and solutionsto itText 331Athe symbol of the entrepreneurs32B: the founders of the new rewards33D: the demonstration of research foundings34A: their endurance has done justice to them35A : acceptable despite the criticismText 4AcriticalCkeep a leading position in liberal educationAan exclusive study of American historyBcautious about intellectual investigationBilliberal education and “the Heart of the Matter”.Part B41.C How do archaeologists42.F Most archaeologists, however43.G Ground surveys allow44.D Surveys can cover45.B In otehr casePart C46.It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.这就是为什么当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，我们能清楚的表达对音乐的反应，但并没有领会音乐的精髓。
2014考研英语一真题及解析(行东方版)3
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）
2014年考研英语一真题答案解析（完整版）2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】A where【解析】本句的句义是：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放在哪里了，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。
这根据句义，这里是表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，因此正确答案为A。
B、when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C、that放在这里不合适，DWhy引导表示原因的状语从句。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。
从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。
由语境确定B。
fade away 是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。
A. Improve 表示提高;C. recover表示恢复、D.collapse表示崩塌。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。
这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。
A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示一……就;D选项也是条件关系。
A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。
B选项limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。
B、C、D均不符合题意。
5、【答案】C well-being【解析】本句的句义同第3题。
2014年考研英语一真题
2014 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(NETEM)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentiallyhave a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showingthat there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligencecan expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regaintheir mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memoryand attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengthsyou are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. A. where B. when C. that D. why2. A. improves B. fades C. recovers D. collapses3. A. If B. Unless C. Once D. While4. A. uneven B. limited C. damaging D. obscure5. A. wellbeing B. environment C. relationship D. outlook6. A. turns B. finds C. points D. figures7. A. roundabouts B. responses C. workouts D. associations8. A. genre B. functions C. circumstances D. criterion9. A. channel B. condition C. sequence D. process10. A. persist B. believe C. excel D. feature11. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However12. A. according to B. regardless of C. apart from D. instead of13. A. back B. further C. aside D. around14. A. sharpness B. stability C. framework D. flexibility15. A. forces B. reminds C. hurries D. allows16. A. hold B. track C. order D. pace17. A. to B. with C. for D. on18. A. irregularly B. habitually C. constantly D. unusually19. A. carry B. put C. build D. take20. A. risky B. effective C. idle D. familiarSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system thatdemands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance”—invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance,at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to____________.[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means________.[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel______.[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow peopleto study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to______.[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from________.[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly becauseit_______.[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses____________.[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whommust still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as________.[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit________.[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves_________.[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are_________.[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leadingcolleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservativeor classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’sreport?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to____.[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests_______.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are_______.[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, haveSectionⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第4篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第4篇-毙考题Dreport calls for increased investment in research,the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century,increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2? years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets tothe heart of the matter:the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universitieshave produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciencesas vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” orleft-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of studywhile portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas--such as free markets and self-relianceas falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education.Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.美国艺术和科学研究院刚发布的”问题核心”报告，肯定了人文和社会科学对美国的繁荣和保障自由民主的重要性，这一点是值得赞扬的。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the job-center with a CV, register for online job search,and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the job-seeker’s allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed.“We’re doing the se things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better,complete with “reforms” to an obviouslyindulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuringthat only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency--permanent dependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase “job-seeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “job-seeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit,he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 pounds a week,one of the least generous in the EU.为了”让生活变得更好”，减少”依赖”，财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引进了”前期工作搜索”方案。
2014年考研英语历年真题和答案(英语一)
2014考研英语一试题完整版Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text .Choose the word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points)As many p eople hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be .We suddenly can’t remember ___we put the keys just a moment ago ,or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name o f an old band we used to love .As the brain ___,we referto these occurrences an “senior moments.” ___ seemingly innocent , this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) ___impact on our professional, social , and personal___.Neuroscientists ,experts who study the nervous system ,are increasinglyshowing that there’s actually a lot that can be done .It___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do ,and the rightmental ___can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___.Thinking is___essentially a ___of making connections in the brain .To a certainextent ,our ability to ___in marking the connections that drive intelligence is inherited . ability to ___in making the connections aremade t hrough effort and practice ,___,because these connections are made through effort and practice , scientists believe that intelligence canexpand and fluctuate ___ mental effort .Now , a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___and developed thefirst “ brain training program ” designed to actually help peopleimprove and regain their mental ___.The Web-based program ___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills . The program keeps ___of your progress and providesdetailed feedback ___ your performance and improvement .Most importantly,it ___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___ on the strengthsyou are developing - much like a(n) ___ exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use .1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obsucure5. [A]wellbeing [B]envirenment [C]relationahip [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]cicumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection 2 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A,B,CorD.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency." George Osbome, C hancellor of the Exchequer, inroduced the "upfront work search" sebeme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV. registerfor online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligiblefor benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "There first few days should be spentlooking for work, not looking to sign on." he4 claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Rellay? On first hearing, thiswas the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for thebetter, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system thatdemands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, andsubsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was hiszeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controllingspending and ensuring that only the most descring claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcenter with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that suport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the workenvironment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, thecrucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answeris always : a job.But in Osbomeland, your first instinct is to fall into depency - permanent dependency if you can get it - supported by a state only too ready toindulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of erer-thougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happend. Theprinciple of British welfare is no longer that you cna insure yourselfagainst the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments ifthe disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker's allowance" isabout redefining rhe unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamentalright to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement andno insurance, at $71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborue’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on “most probably means[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restriction on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance form the government.[D]to attend a government job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3，being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged[C]insulted[D]guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the membersof any other profession -with the possible exception of journalism. Butthere are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis spending on legal servicesin America grew twice as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-fullof money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But mostlaw graduates never get a big -firm job. Many of them instead become thekind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costlt nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawer in most American states afour-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today's average law-school graduate with ＄1000,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies thatgovern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. Oneidea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Anotheris to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stem enough test for a would-be lawyer, thosewho can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do notneed the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-likeownership syucture of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may n ot own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money r ather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firmsto use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have startedliberalizing there legal professions. America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A] the growing demand from clients.[B] the increasing pressure of inflation.[C] the prospect of working in big firms.[D] the attraction of financial rewards.27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in mostAmerican states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A] la wyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses[A] flawed owners hip of America’s law firms and causes.[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in American.[C] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The USS3-millon Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in Mach A nd it is far from the only one of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accountsof internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in theirchosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientistsquoted in the News F eature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige ofthe Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for thosebehind them, say scientists. They could distort the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Somewant to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better rewardthose who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed before, there are some legitimate concerns abouthow s cience prizes –both new and old –are distributed. The breakthrough prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research –as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored whenit comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobelswere, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who haddecided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem c lear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money a nd attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize andquestion the mechanism – that is the culture of research, after all –but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wiseto take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental physics Prize is seen as[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investments[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists[B]the founders of the new awards[C]the achievement-based system[D]peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]contreversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute[C]They are the most representative honor[D]History has never cast doubt on them35.the author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism[B]harmful to the culture of research[C]subject to undesirable changes[D]unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter, ”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）， deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity andsecurity of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the critics facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent liners tothe AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by“federal, atste and local”to “maintain national excellence in humanitie s and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives. As well ad prominent figuresfrom diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Becauserepresentative government representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy, stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls fornicated investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improvestudents' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement ofscholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challengers of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2% years in the making,“ The heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter, the illiberal nature of libraryeducation at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberaleducation and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly,the spirit ofinquiry once at home o n campus has been replaced by the use of humanities and social sciences an vehicles for publicizing “progressive, ”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas-such as free marketsand self-reliance-as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal educ ation.[B] define the government’s role in education.[C] keep a leading position in liberal education.[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education.38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggest[A] an exclusive study of American history.[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects.[C] the application of emerging technologies.[D] funding for the study of foreign languages.40. Which of the following would would be the best title for text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirectionsThe following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent articleby choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET. (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable-forexample, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located bymeans of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911.Thousands of Aztec artifacts came t o light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B] In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and GeorgeCowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak aroundAD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world.The researchers mapped not only the city ‘s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where commonpeople lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking forwhen there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically,they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrainto determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the largerlandscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many r esearchers working around the ancient Maya c ity of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individualdwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. the resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of therural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850,when Copan collapsed.[E] Te find their sites ,archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques ,Airborne technologies ,such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft , allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging , Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such an ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites , however , are discovered by archaeologistswho have set out to look for them .Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites . Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the King for seven years before be located the tomb in 1922 .In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens ,Greece He was sear ching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture thatdominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC .Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knosos), on the island of Crete , in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful .Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking , looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery ,They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape .Archaeologists also may l ocate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar ,magnetic-field recording ,and metaldetectors . Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites .Two and three-dimensional maps a re helpful tools in planning excavations , illustrating how sites look , and presentingthe results of archaeological research.41. > A >42. > E >43. > 44. >45.PART CDirections:Read the following text carefully and them translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese .Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes evendifferent things to the same person at different moments of his life. Itmight be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human b eing. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely andexclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanentcoexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is thestrength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describemusic with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, andnot grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by therevolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hithertoprevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abruptand seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musicalexpression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and Ifind courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His composit ions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word.He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of theindividual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. Beethoven’s music tends to move fro m chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may l ead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section 3 WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university,suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name a t the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)来。
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2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第3篇
The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeedan interesting experiment,
美国三百万美元的基础物理学奖的确是一项令人觉得有趣的试验，
as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted thisyear’s award in March.
正如今年三月Alexander Polyakov领取本年度的基础物理学奖所说。
And it is far from the only one of its type.
而且这种类型的奖项可不止只有基础物理学奖。
As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a stringof lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.
正如《自然》杂志的一篇新闻专题文章论述，近年来，一系列给研究者设立的利益丰厚的奖项能与诺贝尔奖相媲美。
Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bankaccounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
许多奖项，比如基础物理学奖，其资金来自于互联网企业家们如电话号码长度般的巨额银行存款。
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say,
这些捐助者在他们各自的领域很成功，他们说，
and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
而且他们想用他们的财富让人们注意到那些科学领域的有所成功的人。
What’s not to like?
这项奖项有什么不让人喜欢的吗?
Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.
根据新闻专题文章中的几位科学家的说法，有太多让人不喜欢的地方了。
You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy theirprizes the prestige of the Nobels.
俗话说：有钱买不到等级。
而且这些暴发的企业家们不能买到和诺贝尔奖一样的声望。
The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.
科学家说这些新的奖项是它们的幕后人进行自我推销的操练。
They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.
他们可能会扭曲以同行评审为导向的基于学术成就的研究体系。
They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.
他们可能会使同行评审研究的现状凝固不前。
They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
它们不资助同行评审研究。
它们会让寂寞天才的神话不朽。
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.
奖项提供者的目标似乎如他们所受的批评一样散乱。
Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have madetheir careers in research.
有些人是想要制造震惊，另一些人想要吸引人们关注科学，或者想更好地奖励那些以科研为己任的人。
As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed.
正如《自然》杂志此前指出的，人们关心科学奖项---无论新老---是怎样分配的，这种担心是合理的。
The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view ofwhat the life sciences include.
今年发起的生命科学突破奖，对于生命科学所应包含内容采用了一个很不具代表性的观点。
But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize,
但是，现代研究所具有的团队合作性质，
each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modernresearch
早已使得诺贝尔基金对于每个奖项的获奖者不得超过三人，且每位获奖者必须在世的限制不再适用
as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes toacknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.
正如在对希格斯玻色子的发现者进行认定时，忽略谁都会不可避免产生争执。
The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what hewanted to do with his own money.
当然，诺贝尔奖本身就是当时一位有钱人设立的，在设立前他早就决定该如何处置他自己的钱。
Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.
时间，而非奖项设立的意图，赋予了诺贝尔奖的合理性。
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear.
虽然一些科学家可能会对这些新奖项有所抱怨，但有两件事情似乎要清楚。
First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.
首先，如果被授予这一奖项，绝大多数研究者都会接受。
Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than goelsewhere.
第二，把金钱和注意力倾注到科学而不是其它的地方当然是一件好事。
It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism —that is the culture of research, after all
对这一机制批评和质疑都是合理的，毕竟，这就是研究的文化，but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please.
但这些钱是奖项设立者出的，随他们高兴去花这些钱。
It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.
带着感激和感恩接受这些礼物是明智的。
重点单词
genius[‘dʒi:njəs]n. 天才，天赋
breakthrough[‘breik.θru:]n. 突破
complain[kəm’plein]vi. 抱怨，悲叹，控诉
prestige[pres’ti:ʒ]n. 威望，声望
foundation[faun’deiʃən]n. 基础，根据，建立
n. 粉底霜，基
criticize[‘kritisaiz]vt. 批评，吹毛求疵，非难
vi. 批评
gratitude[‘grætitju:d]n. 感恩之心
grace[greis]n. 优美，优雅，恩惠
vt. 使荣耀，使优美
distort[dis’tɔ:t]vt. 变形，扭曲，歪曲vi. 歪曲
intention[in’tenʃən]n. 意图，意向，目的。