常用商务英语词汇

Forms of ownership:–Sole Proprietorship—a business owned and operated by asingle individual.–Partnership---- партнёрство— a business owned by two or more people.–Limited Company—a company where ownership isrepresented by company＇s shares. 1. Board of directors---. the officials elected by shareholderswho rule the company2. Current liabilities—the money that a company during whichcertain goods are produced.3. Dividends—company profits paid to shareholders.4. Entrepreneur-- person who sets up a new commercialenterprise to make a profit.5. Indebtedness -- amount of debts6. Initial funds --funds used in starting a business.7. Liabilities -- the amount of debt that must be paid.8. Shareholders-- those who own shares of a company＇s stock.9. Accounting –the action or process of keeping financialaccounts. Is a system of gathering, summarizing andcommunicating financial information for a businessfirm, government or other organizations.10. Balance sheet –is a statement which describes the c ompanies’resources and indicates where these resourceshave come from.11. Bankruptcy –when a company is judged legally to be unableto pay its debts .12. Fiscal policy/tax policy –is a government＇s policy that dealswith government＇s taxing and spendingprograms.13. Income statement—a report of firm＇s revenue and expensesduring a certain period.14. Rate of inflation –is the amount on the speed of inflation.15. Sales ledger –a book in which a company records all itssales.16. Distribution—the movement of goods & services fromproducer to customer.17. Assets18. Barter—exchanging of goods and services for other goods or services.19. Equity capital---funds (in a company) raised by selling stockand retained earnings.20. Bond—a certificate issued by the government or a companypromising to pay back borrowed money at a fixed rate ofinterest on a specified date.21. Cash----22. Fixed assets----23. Cash on delivery----a method of payment for goods at thetime of delivery24. Cash with order—a method of payment for goods when cashis paid to the supplier at the time that the orderin placed.25. Commodity----26. Consumer----somebody, who uses goods or services.27. Currency—the money in use in a country.28. Demand----Спрос -—customer interest in acquiring smth.29. Supply--- the quantities of a type of goods available on themarket.30. Supplier—the company that provides the materials neededfor manufacturing a product31. Raw materials----the materials used in a manufacturingprocess.32. Working in progress (WIP)—the stage in a company duringwhich certain goods are produced.33. Finished stock----a supply of goods for sale, usually kept ata warehouse.34. Current assets—include cash and items that can be easilyturned into cash35. Durable goods—long-lasting products.36. Advertising---the promotion of goods or services through media.37. Advertising agency—an organization which provides (for acertain commission) advertising services. 38. Discount---- a reduction in the usual price of something.39. To settle a complaint---to put things in order to satisfy the customer.40. Hire-purchase contracts (installment sales)—a system forbuying goods involving a series of payments atregular intervals.41.JIT (just in time) ----a manufacturing and stock-controlsystem in which goods are produced and deliveredas they are required.42. Lean production---doing things as quickly and cheaply aspossible, without waste.43. Marketing—the activity of presenting advertising and sellingc ompany’s products in the best possible way.44. Markup----the difference between the manufacturing cost ofan item and its selling price.45. Output----46. Outsourcing---using outside suppliers for goods or services.47. Premises---the buildings used in running a business.48. Profit--- прибыль– money that you gain by selling things ordoing business after your costs have been paid.49. Real estate—land including all the property on it.50. Receivables—the assets owed to a company.51. To retail---to sell goods to customers in small quantities andwithout a discount. (to sell in small amounts)52.To wholesale----to sell goods in large amounts.53. Seasonal demand—the demand dependent on the time of year.54. Stock (inventory) ----a supply of raw materials, work-in–progress and finished goods that is availablefor use.55. Working capital—the money that a business has availablefor its operation.56. Bad debts—a sum of money owed that is unlikely to be repaid.57. Credit card---58. Credit limit—the maximum amount of credit given to a customer.59. Credit rating—the figure showing a customer's ability torepay money or goods given on credit.60. Debtor ----a person who owes money61. Creditor—a person (organization) to which money is owed.62. To default on (re)payment—to fail to pay a debt.63. Interest—a charge for the use of loan.64. Long-term loan—a loan given for a period of 5 years or more.65. Short-term loan—the loan given for a period of up to 5 years.66. Terms of credit—the conditions of granting a credit.67. Trade credit—the goods given on credit.68. Income tax—a tax paid on money made from employment ,business or capital.69. Market economy—an economy where economic decisionsare determined by the market and the laws ofsupply and demand70. Mixed economy—an economy that combines elements ofmarket and command economies.71. Command economy—an economy in which the governmentmakes economic decisions about production anddistribution.72. Monetary policy—government’s policy that deals withinterest rates, availability of loans andmoney supply.73. Benchmarking—studying organizations that are among thebest in the world at performing a particulartask.74. Boom—a period of rapid economic growth75. Recession — a period of decline in economic activity.76. Economic environment—the environment in which firms,people, government and local authorities deal witheconomic matters.77. Exports—products sold to another country78. Imports—products brought into one country from another country.79. Securities – stocks or shares in a company.80. Stock market ----the place where stocks and shares arebought and sold。