人教版高一英语语法总复习
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定语从句归纳总结 一、定语从句的定义：
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从 句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系 代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形 容词的作用。
eg: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时
eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two
foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在 场的人感到非常惊讶。
析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感 到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外 语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句， 此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。
站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?
b) Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always wanted to visit.
多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密 切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去 掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句 之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。 非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：
（2）当主句中的主语被that来自百度文库饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
(3) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which 不能用that。
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
非限制性定语从句的五不能用
八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意 义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用 逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 常可省略。如：
a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?
指代的 先行词
人 人 物
人或物 人或物
充当从句的成分
主语、宾语 宾语
主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语
定语
关系副词
指代 功能
when(=at / in/ on which) time where (=in/ at which) place
时间状语 地点状语
why(= for which) reason 原因状语
a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London.
c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
四. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代 词 who
whom which that whose
that和who在指 人的情况下一般都可以 互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用who而不用 that。 1.先行词为those, one, ones, peoples时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way.
2.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代 词时 Is there anybody else who should be invited.
5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.
关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况
（1）在介词之后
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
关系副词引导定语从句时， 既引导定语从句，又在定
语从句中充当状语。
总结
关系副词: where, when, why
时间 when = in/at/on/during which
地点 where = at/in/on which
原因 why = for which
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
4)当先行词既有人又有物时, 用关系代词that We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools that we had visited there.
1) 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被all, every,
no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从 句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系 代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形 容词的作用。
eg: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时
eg. A five-year-old boy can speak two
foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一个五岁的男孩会讲两门外语，令所有在 场的人感到非常惊讶。
析：从语境可知，令所有在场的人感 到惊讶的内容是一个五岁男孩会讲两门外 语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句， 此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。
站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?
b) Toronto is a city (that) I' ve always wanted to visit.
多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。
2．非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密 切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明, 如果去 掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句 之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。 非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。如：
（2）当主句中的主语被that来自百度文库饰时。
eg. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
(3) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用which 不能用that。
They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
非限制性定语从句的五不能用
八、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意 义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用 逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 常可省略。如：
a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?
指代的 先行词
人 人 物
人或物 人或物
充当从句的成分
主语、宾语 宾语
主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语
定语
关系副词
指代 功能
when(=at / in/ on which) time where (=in/ at which) place
时间状语 地点状语
why(= for which) reason 原因状语
a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history.
b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London.
c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.
2.The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.
二、关系代词和关系副词的作用： 1、引导作用 2、替代作用 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用
四. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点
1. 关系代词的基本用法
关系代 词 who
whom which that whose
that和who在指 人的情况下一般都可以 互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用who而不用 that。 1.先行词为those, one, ones, peoples时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way.
2.当先行词是用-body或-one构成的不定代 词时 Is there anybody else who should be invited.
5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished.
关系代词指物时只用which不用that的情况
（1）在介词之后
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.
关系副词引导定语从句时， 既引导定语从句，又在定
语从句中充当状语。
总结
关系副词: where, when, why
时间 when = in/at/on/during which
地点 where = at/in/on which
原因 why = for which
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
4)当先行词既有人又有物时, 用关系代词that We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools that we had visited there.
1) 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被all, every,
no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.