大学英语语法及练习

))))))大学英语语法及练习第一讲虚拟语气I.考点分析：分四级语法复习虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式，用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。

虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。

考查历届四级试题，我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。

虚拟语气的考查要点有：1. 虚拟语气的形式：分清虚拟时间和主从句的动词形式十分重要，因此我们把所有虚拟语气的不同类型列表归纳并进行对比，以便于同学们记忆掌握。

2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。

例如：If I were in vited, I would come.If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things.3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时，可以省略if,把它们前置。

））））））例如：Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad.Could I do it, I would surely do it.Should the Black Death reap pear, what should we do?（万一黑死病再次出现，我们该怎么办？）4. 错综时间的条件句是难点，女口99 年1 月第60 题：If I hadn ' t stoouhder the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldn ' t be smilingow.（从句用过去完成时，主句用现在进行时）又如：If I were you, I would have gone to the film last night.（从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去）；If we hadn' t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow, 从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟将来）；If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在）5. 虚拟句的另一难点是省略if条件句的含蓄条件句，如：I would have written the paper before, but I havebeen ill.（=If I had not been ill, I would have written the paper before.）;A true frie nd would have acted differe ntly. （=A frien d, if he had bee n true, would have acted differe ntly.）6. 注意介词短语without, but for, in the absenee等表示虚拟条件。

例如：Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.没有电就不会有现代工业。

But for your cooperati on, we could not have succeeded in our experime nt. 没有你们的帮助，我们的实验时不可能成功的。

7. “ Were it not for/Had it not been for+ 宾语”或“ But that+ 从句”表示假设条件。

例如：Were it not for their assistanee, we couldn ' t have got over the difficulties.Had it not been for the reservoir, we ' d never have been able to beat the drought.But that he saw it （=If he had not see n it）, he could not have believed it.8. providi ng, provid ing （that）, on con dition that, suppose, suppos ing 引导的条件从句中，根据语意，可以用虚拟语气，有可以用陈述语气。

9. 常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词有：advice, agree, comma nd, decide, dema nd, determi ne, direct （命令）insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge, move（提议，动议）等；例如：The Uni ted Natio ns urged that he （should） withdraw his troops. （联合国敦促他撤军。

）10. 常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词有：advice, comma nd, desire, determ in atio n, idea, motion, order, preferenee, recommendation, suggestion, insistenee, proposals, request, requirement 等;例如：The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（用于同位语从句）邀请他的建议被否决了。

Their dema nd is that their wages be increased by 20%.（用于表语从句）他们的要求是工资增加20%。

11. 用在主语从句中时其结构通常为“It is/was +形容词或过去分词+主语从句（用虚拟语气）”，例如：It isn ecessary that you should be prese nt at the discussi on.你有必要参加讨论。

It was ordered that the medicines be sent here by plane.根据命令，那些药品必须空运到这儿。

常见的这类形容词、分词还有：advisable （合理的），anxious（急切的）,appropriate （合适的），compulsory（强制的），crucial（紧要关头的）,desirable（理想的），eager, essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的）,important （重要的）‘impossible （不可能的）‘improper （不合适的），natural （自然的），obligatory（必须履行的），preferable （更好的），proper （合适的），stra nge （奇怪的）urge nt （紧迫的），vital （至关重要的），dema nded（要求的），required （要求的），suggested （建议的），desired （希望的）等。

))))))II.历届四级试题中的虚拟语气：1. That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time. （93/1/52）A） hasn ' t watered B） didn ' t water C） hadn ' t been watered D） wasn ' t watered2. It ' s necessary _______ the dictioriariyediately. （93/1/68）A） that he will retur n B） that he retur ned C） that he retur n D） that he has to retur n 3. We desire that the tour leader _____ u s immediately of any change in plans. （93/6/48）A） inform B） in forms C） in formed D） has in formed4. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____ y our advice. （93/6/70）））））））A) follow B) had followed C)would followD) have followed5. The manager of the hotel requests that their guests ___ after 11:00 p.m. (94/1/65) A) not to play loud music B) shouldn ' t play loud music C) don ' t play loud musicD) couldn' t play music6. ____ for my ill ness I would have lent him a helpi ng hand. (95/1/47) A) Not bei ng for B) Had it not bee n C) Without bei ng D) Not havi ng bee n7. To be frank, I ' d rather you__________ in th^95/se 51) A) will not be in volvedB) not in volvedC) not to be in volvedD) were not in volved8.It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made. (95/6/44) A) is not started B) will not be started C) not be started D) is not to be started 9.I wish I ____ Ion ger this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. (95/6/45) A) could have slept B) sleptC) not be startedD) have slept10. _____________________________________________________________ Jean doesn ' t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _______________________________________________ a job she probably wouldn to see her friends very often. (96/1/44) A) has to getB) were to getC) had gotD) could have got11. It is politely requested by the total management that radio _____ after 11 o ' clock (96/1/28) A) were not played B) not to play C) not be played 12. ____ right now, she would get there on Sun day. (96/6/42)A) Would she leave B) If she leaves C) Were she to leave13. It ' s already 5 o ' clock now. Don ' t you think it A) we were going home B)we go home C) we went home D) we can go home14. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a won derful dinner (97/1/34) A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriv ing D) Were they to arrive 15. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams. (97/6/42) A) must have got through B) would have got through C) would get throughD) could get through16. I don ( t thi nk it advisable that Tim ________ to the job si nee he has no experieH 97/6/55) A) is assig ned B) will be assig ned C) be assig ned D) has bee n assig ned 17. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself. (98/1/38)A) injure B) had injured C) injured D) would injure 18. You don ( t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _____ on business first (98/1/59) A) would go B) will goC) wentD) have gone19. I ' d rather you ______ make any comment on the issue for the time bein (98/6/48)A) don ( t B) wouldn ' t C) didn ' t D) shouldn ' t 20. We were all for your proposal that the discussion ____ . (98/6/68)A) be put off B) was put offC) should put offD) is to put off21.“ You are very selfish. It' s high time you _____ t hat you are not the most important person in the world,Edgar said to his boss an grily. (99/1/57) A) realizedB) have realizedC) realizeD) should realize22. If I hadn ' t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you __________ (W1 /60) A) wouldn ( t be smiling B) couldn ( t haveC)rwted ' t smile D) didn ( t smile23. Frankly speaking, I' d rather you ______ a nything about it for the time (9fi/i 1n 66)A) didn ' t do B) haven ( t done C) don ( t do D) have done24. If the whole operati on ________ beforeha nd, a great deal of time and money would have bee n lost.(99/6/43)A) was not pla nned B) has not bee nD) did n ot playD) If she had left '(96/643)1 time _____ ?C) were not pla nnedD) had not bee n pla nned））））））25. As Commander-in-Chief on the armed forces, I have directed that all measures ____________ for our defense.(99/6/62)A) be take n B) would be take n C) to be take n D) had bee n take n26. Wouldn ' t you rather your child _______ t o b early? (00/1/49)A) went B) goes C) go D) would go27. Mike ' s uncle insists ______ in this hotel. (00/1/52)A) that he not stay B) stay ing not C) that he would not stay D) not to stay28. Sometimes I wish I ____ i n a differe nt time and a differe nt place. (00/1/58)A) were livi ng B) would live C) would have lived D) be livi ng29. It is essential that these 即plication forms _____ back as early as possible. (00/1/64)A) must be sent B) will be sent C) be sent D) are sent30. The suggesti on that the mayor ____ the prizes was accepted by every one. (00/6/32)A) would prese nt B) prese nt C) prese nts D) ought to prese nt31. The manager would rather his daughter _____ in the same office. (00/6/48)A) had not worked B) not to work C) does not work D) did not work32. It is importa nt that the hotel recepti onist ____ that guests are registered correctly. (01/1/41)A) make sure B) has made sure C) made sure D) must make sure33. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ___ all practical value by the time theywere fini shed. (01/6/53 )A) had lost B) would lose C) would have lost D) should have lost34. Jack wishes that he _____ b us in ess in stead of history whe n he was in uni versity. (01/6/50)A) had studied B) study C) studied D) had bee n study ing35. The article suggests that when a pers on ____ un der unu sual stress he should be especially careful to have awell-bala need diet. (02/1/57)A) be B) was C) is D) were36. Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _________ to investigate the incident.(02/1/58)A) was set up B) were set up C) set up D) be set up37. Things might have bee n much worse if the mother _____ on right to keep the baby. (02/1/59)A) had in sisted B) has bee n in sisti ng C) in sisted D) would in sistIII. 答案及详解：1. C)题意：那棵树看上去好象很久没浇水了。