英国文学史及选读课件(补)Jane_Austen
Jane Austen 英美文学PPT资料37页
生活就是一连串的无事忙。
We do not look in our great cities for our best morality.
繁荣的大都市里，没有道德情操这一说。
What is right to be done cannot be done too soon.
description.
4) Austen's novels are brightened by their witty
conversation & omnipresent humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness， elegant & refined， but never showy.
3) Austen's interest was in human nature; in her depiction of human nature， instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion， by passion or heroic experience， she focused on the trivial & petty details of everyday living， which became very interesting through her truthful & lively
2) Her subject matter is also limited， for most of her novels deal with the subject of getting married， which was in fact the central problem for the young leisure-class lady of that age， who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.
Jane Austen 英美文学PPT资料37页
生活就是一连串的无事忙。
We do not look in our great cities for our best morality.
繁荣的大都市里，没有道德情操这一说。
What is right to be done cannot be done too soon.
Lydia and Wickham
Viewpoint on marriage
Ideal marriage should be built on genuine love
Irony (反语) in the novels
Austen established great “Irony” between the words and the thought. Hence, her “irony” was no longer limited to text ,but has become Austen’s whole art world and her inner soul. In her preliminary work, like “Sense and Sensibility”、 “ Pride and Prejudice ”,”Verbal Irony” ,言语反讽 and “Dramatic Irony”戏 剧反讽 is Austen’s favorites “Irony” type, and is also the novel comedic fountainhead. But in her later period work like “Mansfield Park”、 “Emma” and “Persuasion”, Austen’s “Irony” change its style, it became more serious ,they are “Situational Irony”情境反讽 and “General Irony”总体反讽 , the novel’s thought also became deeper ,however ,we can still find the humor of “Verbal Irony” and “Dramatic Irony”.
简爱》赏析英国文学史及选读参考幻灯片
successively. So charlotte and sister Emily returned home to, in the
desolate Yorkshire mountain spent his childhood. 15 years old when
she entered the miss WuLe do school, a few years later when
inspired her strong desire to express themselves in the literary
creation, prompted her into
• "Jane Eyre" write in 1846, is charlotte second novel. She borrowed a risen from poverty young woman struggles, to express his bosom, integrated su deeply touched when readers. Novels in 1847 autumn to the pseudonym of kohler bell, published in the next year they have immediately twice reprint. The author of an unknown technocrat, charlotte Bronte, thus enter the famous British novelist ranks.
describing the ending, legacy, obtained eyre back alone and helpless
英国文学简史PPT课件
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
6.The 18TH Century The Age Of Enlightenment ⅰ Enlightenment Movement ⅱ Neo-classicism ⅲ Realism ⅳ Sentimentalism
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
Q3: The genres of Literature?
fiction & non-fiction Fiction: Novels, Short stories, Plays and Poems.
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
Non-fiction : Essay (4 categories -- description, narration, exposition and argumentation.)
7. The Romantic Period (1798-1832): a. desire for the good old times b. Looking into the future Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats Walter Scott Jane Austen
(3) Factors related to religious background: the spread
and establishment of Christianity
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
2. General colors of English Literature (1) Factors affecting the colors of English literature: A. Its environment.
《英国文学史及选读》课件 PPT
Plan of the Course
Two terms to deal with this course For each term, we deal with one
English Invasion
In the mid-5th century, the tribes of Anglo, Saxons and Jutes (later known simply as Anglo-Saxons) migrated to England from the European continent, or more specifically from western Denmark and the northwest coast of Germany.
After the Norman Conquest
After the Norman conquest, for over 300 years, French was used dominantly in Britain.
By the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country.
By the English (the tribes of Anglo,Saxons and Jutes):in the middle of the fifth century
英国文学史及作品选读习题集（5）
英国⽂学史及作品选读习题集（5）5 English Literature in the Romantic PeriodⅠ. Essay questions.1. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.2. What are the general features of English Romanticism3. Tell the story of Pride and Prejudice and make a comment on it.4. Make a comment on Wordsworth concerning his contribution to poetry.5. Irony abounds in Jane Austen’s novel Pride and Prejudice. Please illustrate it with reference to some examples.6. Make a general comment on Walter Scott.’Ⅱ. Define the following terms.1. Romanticism2. Ode3. Byronic hero4. Ottava rima5. Terza rima6. Irony7. Lyric8. Motif9. Theme10. Symbol11. Imagery12. Foil13. Synaesthesia14. Character15. Flat character16. Round character17. Negative capacityⅢ Fill in the blanks.1. As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1798 when ______and ______published _______ and ended in 1832 when ______died.2. In the Preface of the 2nd and 3rd editions of __________, Wordsworth laid down the principles of poetry composition.3. The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists, _________ and ______.4. _____, ________, and_________ are referred to as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England.5. In 1805, Wordsworth completed his long autobiographical poem entitled__________.6. Scott’s historical novels depicted Scotland, England, and the Continent covering a period ranging from _______ up to, and including, _______.7. _______ mourned for _______’s premature death in an elegy “Adonais”, w riting “He is made one with Nature.”8. “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” is a long poem created by contains four cantos in the_______ stanza, namely a 9-line stanza rhymed ababbcbcc, in which the first eight lines are in iambic pentameter while the ninth in iambic hexameter,9. _______ is Byron’s masterpiece, written in the prime of his creativepower. He called it an “epic satire”, “a satire on abuses of the present state of society.”10. The great novelist in the Romantic period_______ marked the transition from Romanticism to the period of Realism which followed it.11. The plot of Shelley’s lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound is borrowed from _______, a play of the Greek tragedian Aeschylus.12. In “To Autumn”, Keats writes,” Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness, / Clise bosom-friend of the maturing sun; / Conspiring with him how to load and bless / With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run; / …” The figure of speech used in the lines is _______.13. “Ode to a Nightingale” expresses the contrast be tween _______ and _______.14. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of _______, ., what things seem to be and what they actually are.15. Byron employed _______ from Italian mock-heroic poetry. His first experiment was made in Beppo. It was perfected in Don Juan in which the convention flows with ease and naturalness.was memorized and honored as “the heart of all hearts” after his death. 17. Many critics regard Shelley as one of the greatest of all English poets. They point especially to his_______.18. Romanticism was in effect a revolt of the English _______against the neoclassical _______, which prevailed from the days of pope to those of Johnson.19. _______ are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature works.20. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between _______and21. Among the Romantic figures, _______has a fundamental conviction of the health of the social system, of its ability to reform itself, and of the assurance of social well-being and the likelihood of a reasonable personal happiness.22. Scott is considered “the father of _______” which open(s) up to fiction the rich and lively realm of history.23. Two prevailing themes of Pride and Prejudice are _______ and _______.24. _______ was composed in a dream after the poet Coleridge took the opium.25. All such works of Coleridge as “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, “Christable” and “Kubla Khan” revealed his keen interest in_______,26. _______ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.27. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, “An Evening Walk”, “My Heart Leaps up” and “Tintern Abbey” are all masterpieces on _______.28. The main idea running through the dramatic poem Prometheus Unboundis that of _______.29. _______, with a triumphant praise of the imagination, highly exalts the role of poetry, thinking that poetry alone could free man and offer the mind a wider view of its powers. He holds that poetry “is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”.30. The Romantic period is an age of poetry. The major Romantic poets such as Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron,Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as _______.31. _______ and _______ gave great impetus to the rise of the Romantic32. _______ is a great critic of the romantic period on Shakespeare, Elizabethan drama, and English poetry. He is also a maser of the familiar essays.33. With _______, the essay is no longer chiefly a mode of intellectual inquiry and moral address. Rather, the essay becomes a medium for a delightful literary treatment of life’s small pleasures and reassurances.Ⅳ. Choose the best answer1. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by _______.A. Kohn KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley2. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following EXCEPT _______.A. Normal contemporary speech patternsB. Humble and rustic life as subject matterC. Elegant wording and inflated figures of speechD. Intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience3. In Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”, “A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice “_______.A. Refers to the palace where Kubla Khan once livedB. Vividly describes a building of poor qualityC. Is the gift given to a beautiful girl called AbyssinianD. Symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious4. _______is one of the first generation of English Romantic poets.A. KeatsB. ShelleyD. Wordsworth5. “If winter comes, can spring be far behind” is taken from _______.A. The Solitary ReaperB. Ode to the West WindC. To AutumnD. Song to the Man of England6. _______is NOT among the representative essayists in the romantic times.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Thomas De QuinceyD. Walter Scott7. In_______, _______set forth his principles of poetry, “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”.A. The Preface to Lyrical Ballads; WordsworthB. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”; ColeridgeC. “A Defence of Poetry”; ShelleyD. “Lectures on the English Poets”; Hazlitt8. _______is NOT a lyric written by Wordsworth.A. My Heart Leaps UpB. Intimations of ImmortalityC. Love’s PhilosophyD. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud9. All the poems were written by Byron EXCEPT_______.A. Childe Harold’s PilgrimageB. Don Juan。
JaneAusten简·奥斯汀PPT文学史
1.Main concern is about personal relationships, particularly with that between men and women in love. 2. Writes within a narrow sphere, concerns the landed gentry families with the trivial incidents of their everyday life.
The tone of the novel is light, satirical, and vivid. Scenes such as Mr. Collins proposal to Elizabeth, and Lady Catherine visits to Lizzy at Longbourn, provides comic relief to the reader while at the same time revealing certain characteristics of the characters. For example, Lydia's lack of common sense and responsibility is revealed when she takes pride in being the first Bennet girl to be married. Lydia does not take into consideration the circumstance of her marriage, the personality of her husband, or the prospects of their marriage for the future. Elizabeth Bennet's ability to laugh off her misfortunate and to continue to be optimistic, considering her situation, also contributes to the tone of the novel.
英国文学史及选读二
英国文学史及选读（第二册）The Romantic Period----IndividualismRomanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. It emphasize the special qualities of each individual`s mind. Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by the poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge and SoutheyPoet laureate：William Wordsworth, Southey, TennysonRepresentatives：William Wordsworth，George Gordon, Lord Byron, Shelley, John Keats, Walter Scott, Jane AustenThe beginning and the end of Romanticism:The English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge‟s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott‟s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the parliament.Features of Romanticism:1. Romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social stratum that were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism.2. Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century Neoclassicism in particular.3. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental.William WordsworthI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud / The DaffodilsWilliam Wordsworth in his poem I wandered Lonely as a Cloud is possibly making an attempt to show the reader the essence of life in nature, and what kind of a role a memory from childhood can play on us as adults. In his poem William Wordsworth is using daffodils as a metaphor for living, perhaps even eternal life, or life after death.The theme of this poem is harmony between humanity and nature.The Solitary ReaperIt is an iambic verse. Most of the lines in the poem are octosyllabics. The rhyme-scheme for each stanza is ababccdd.The Solitary Reaper use rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.It describes a nameless listener's delight in a young woman's melancholy song in an unknown language as, working by herself in a Scottish valley, she swings a sickle, reaping grain.Wordsworth may deliberately impoverish(使贫穷) his speaker's language so as to contrast it with the reaper's song.The Solitary Reaper‟s “song”, like a found poem, springs directly from nature, without literary context. Her "music" runs like water ("overflowing" the valley) and surpasses the beauty of two celebrated English song-birds, the nightingale and the cuckoo.The Solitary Reaper relates an ecstatic moment in which a passer-by transcends the limitations of mortality. Both the song and he go on together.George Gordon, Lord ByronByronic heroes: In his works appear the “Byronic heroes”, Who are men of noble origin with fiery pas sions and unbending will and express the poet‟s own ideal of freedom. These heroes rise against tyranny and injustice, but they are merely lone fighters striving for personal freedom and some individualistic ends.When We Two PartedIt is a poem speaking about unity and separation within the couple.She Walks in BeautyThe first couple of lines can be confusing if not read properly. Too often readers stop at the end of the first line where there is no punctuation. This is an enjambed line, meaning that it continues without pause onto the second line.That “she walks in beauty like the night”may not make sense as night represents darkness. However, as the line continues, the night is a cloudless one with bright stars to create a beautiful mellow(圆润的,柔美的) glow.The first two lines bring together the opposing qualities of darkness and light that are at play throughout the three verses.The remaining lines of the first verse employ another set of enjambed lines that tell us that her face and eyes combine all best of dark and bright.No mention is made here or elsewhere in the poem of any other physical features of the lady.The focus of the vision is upon the details of the lady’s face and eyes which reflect the mellowed and tender light. She has a remarkable quality of being able to contain the opposites of dark and bright.The third and fourth lines are not only enjambed, but the fourth line begins with an irregularity in the meter called a metrical（韵律）substitution. The fourth line starts with an accented syllable followed by an unaccented one, rather than the iambic meter of the other lines, an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one. The result is that the word “Meet”receives attention, an emphasis. The lady’s unique feature is that opposites “meet”in her in a wonderful way.The second stanza tells us that the glow of the lady’s face is nearly perfect. The shades and rays are in just the right proportion, and because they are, the lady possesses a nameless grace. This conveys the romantic idea that her inner beauty is mirrored by her outer beauty. Her thoughts are serene and sweet. She is pure and dear.The last verse is split between three lines of physical description and three lines that describe the lady’s moral character. Her soft, calm glow reflects a life of peace and goodness. This is a repetition, an emphasis, of the theme that the lady’s physical beauty is a reflection of her innerbeauty.Byron wrote the lines the morning after he had met his beautiful young cousin by marriage, Mrs. Robert John Wilmot, who wore a black mourning gown brightened with spangles. (亮晶晶的小东西)The poem was written shortly before Lord Byron’s marriage to Anna Milbanke and published shortly after the marriage.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde:Ode is a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Odes originally were songs performed to the accompaniment of a musical instrument.Ode to the West WindOde to the West Wind is Shelley‟s most famous short poem. It is an invocation（符咒）for an unseen force to take control and revive life. It was first composed on October 19, 1819, inspired by a walk in woodland near Florence, and it was first published in August, 1920 with Prometheus Unbound.The personal conflicts explain the imagery of death and decay in the first stanza of the poem. The poem calls for a mythical power to inspire and induce change or "a new Birth". It is about the regenerative powers of Nature to bring forth not only new life but also poetic inspiration. The call for inspiration comes in the form like a prayer, not to a Christian God, but to an unseen spiritual force which has the same omnipresence and power as a god.John KeatsOde to a NightingaleOde to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.In this poem, by singing of the nightingale and its plaintive songs, describing the beautiful and embalmed natural world, and expressing his wish to fly away with the bird, Keats makes a contrasts between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony in order to show his resentment against the social wrongs and his desire for a world of eternal happiness.Walter ScottWalter Scott `s historical novel paved the path for the development of the realistic novel of the 19th century.Jane AustenSense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceNorthanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionJane Austen is one of the realistic writers/novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels.Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice was first titled First Impressions, and these titles embody the themes of the novel. The narrative describes how the prejudices and first impressions (especially those dealing with pride) of the main characters change throughout the novel, focusing on those of Elizabeth.Elizabeth's judgments about other characters' dispositions are accurate about half of the time. While she is correct about Mr. Collins and how absurdly self-serving he is and about Lady Catherine de Bourgh and how proud and snobbish she is, her first impressions of Wickham and Darcy steer her incorrectly. Wickham is first thought to be a gentleman by all. His good looks and his easy manner fool almost everyone, and Elizabeth believes without question all that he tells her of Darcy. Elizabeth's first impressions of him are contradicted when she realizes that he has lied about Darcy.The Victorian Age---Critical Realism in EnglandChartism(宪章主义):The year between 1832 and the early 50‟s saw an important series of events known as the Chartist Movement. Chartism arose out of the increasing strength and a greater confidence of the working class as well as their increasing miseries in life. The Chartist Movement sprang from “the social degradation produced by the unregulated growth of industry and by the subordination of human to commercial interests.The Chartist movement writers introduced a new theme into English literature---the struggle of the proletariat(无产阶级)for its right.Realism: In art and literature, an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life. Attempts at realism have been made periodically(周期的) throughout history in all the arts; the term is, however, generally restricted to a movement that began in the mid-19th century, in reaction to the highly subjective approach of romanticism.Charles Dickens (critical realist writer批判现实主义小说家)The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwich club 1836-1837Oliver Twist 1838The Ode Curiosity Shop 1841David Copperfield 1850Bleak House 1852A Tale of Two Cities 1859Great Expectations 1861Our Mutual Friend 1865Hard Times 1854Oliver TwistOne of Dickens‟ most enduringly popular stories is Oliver Twist.Like many of his later novels, its central theme is the hardship faced by the dispossessed and those of the outside of…polite‟ society. Oliver himself is born in a workhouse and treated cruelly there as was the norm at the time for pauper children. The story follows Oliver as he escapes the workhouse and runs away to London. Here he receives an education in villainy from the criminal gang of Fagin that includes the brutal thief Bill Sikes, the famous …Artful Dodger‟ and Nancy, Bill‟s whore. Oliver is rescued by the intervention of a benefactor - Mr Brownlow - but the mysterious Monks gets the gang to kidnap the boy again. Nancy intervenes but is murdered viciously by Sikes after she has showed some redeeming qualities and has discovered Monk‟s sinister intention. The story closes happily and with justice for Bumble and the cruel Monks who has hidden the truth of Oliver‟s parentag e out of malice(怨恨). His achievement was in fact in presenting the underworld and problems of poverty to the well-off in a way rarely attempted previously.William M. ThackerayVanity Fair（1847-1848）The Book of Snobs（1846-1847）V anity FairThemesAs the title suggests, this is a book about Vanity Fair. The term“Vanity Fair”is apparently taken from John Bunyan‟s famous allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress,which Christian and his friend faith have to pass on their way to the celestial city.From the subtitle, Novel without a Hero, we are enlightened about the world it depicts. As a novel with out heroes, it can only mean:1)In this novel there is no exactly positive characters, that is to say, this is a world full of bad or faulty people. No one here is really good enough to be a hero. The world or society here is corrupted.2)his is a novel not about some particular person but a bout a society—the upper middle class society. The social manners, made up of individual behaviors, become the predominant concern, and the general impression is that of noisy, whirling commotion, and3)It can be a book about women instead of men. Evidence is found in the absolute domination of the stage by the major characters: Becky sharp and her foil Amelia. They, particularly Becky, are the heroines at the center of life while all the male characters are but means and tools in their climb or search for position and money.A comparison between Thackeray’s and DickensThe main features of Thackeray‟s work can best be found in co mparison with those of his contemporary, Charles Dickens. Though writing about the same time, Thackeray differs from the latter in some aspects. First, his criticism of the society is seldom directed at the inhuman social institution and corrupted government which bring great misery and suffering to the poor working class, as is shown in Dickens‟ works. What Thackeray criticizes is the social moral that makes up the society, not the political structure and organizations that run the society. To him, the society is diseased because it is morally corrupted, because most people are money-oriented. To obtain money and the comfort and luxury it brings, they take every means to fight and to cheat each other. Besides, unlike Dickens who has a firm belief in the honesty and respectability of the working class, Thackeray criticism embraces people of all social strata. Though the world he depicts ispredominantly that of the upper-middle class in the early 19th century-with its whirling ballrooms, noisy parties, heavily curtained bedrooms. Elegantly dressed ladies and gentlemen at card-tables and billiard rooms, flirting or gambling, where money is made or last, marriages are contracted, the ambitious are thwarted and the stupid favored—his social—climbers and snobs and money-grabbers can be found in any class.Thackeray also differs from Dickens in the way of writing. Though both are noted for the realistic depiction of life and people, we feel we would like to meet Dickens‟ interesting. Langer-than-life characters b ut we are sure we‟ve seen too many and know too well those of Thackeray‟s. We are fascinated by the former and smile at the easy identification of the later moreover, Dickens strikes us as always“in”the play while Thackeray is constantly“out”. Dickens always imagines himself one of the characters, he sees, thinks and does things their way, he laughs and cries with them, and constantly he pleas for them when he sees them suffer from maltreatment and injustice. But Thackeray always speaks in an ironical, sarcastic and cynical tone of an on-looker. He is a puppet-player who monitors his puppets at backstage, with a sureness and familiarity of master craftsmanship, although now and then he is willing to give a piece of his mind. And finally Thackeray, as the better educated of the two, proves a more conscious artist, his works are known for their fine language, careful overall planning, mastering of detail, vast scope of view and faithfulness to the history.Charlotte Bronte and Emily BronteCharlotte Bronte`s Jane EyreThemesEver since its publication, Jane Eyre has appealed to the general reading public. It is known as a work of critical realism as well as the first and one of the most popular works of the working middle-class women. Its social criticism is found in its vivid description of life of a poor orphan left dependent on some selfish, cold-hearted people and her hard struggle to retain her dignity as a human being. The ill-treatment of and despise for the unfortunate lower class by the rich and the privileged are clearly shown. What is more, the brutality and hypocrisy of the English educational system are laid bare here in the example of Lowood School where children are exposed to unbearably harsh conditions and unreasonably rigid disciplines and are trained to be humble slaves only. On the other hand, the idle and vian life of the corrupted rich is also vividly depicted and sharply criticized.Another factor for the popularity of the novel lies in the fact that it is the first governess novel in the history of English literature. Upon its first publication, the contemporary readers were fascinated as well as shocked by its titular heroine. Instead of the rich, gentle, frail, modest and virtuous beauties of the conventional heroine, here we have a small, plain, poor governess who begins her life all alone, with no body caring for her and nothing attractive. What she has is an intense feeling, a ready sympathy and a strong sense of equality and independence. And she, in defiance of the social convention, dares to love her master, declares it openly, and finally marries him when he is in the most wretched situation. Alt this should certainly disqualify her as a heroine due to the then social prejudices. However, the young lady, for all her obscurity and inferiority, stands out as one of the most remarkable fictional heroines of the time. Her very unconventionality marks her as an entirely new woman.Besides Jane‟s exceptional personalities, the book is also hailed as a representative work offeminist writings, i.e., works reflecting the experience and defending the interest of the weaker sex. In a way, it speaks not only for those unfortunate governesses like Jane, but all the middle-class women and women of all classes. Jane‟s declaration to Mr. Rochester of her equality with him is really a declaration of the women of middle class and all classes. Such an independent and equal attitude was an astonishment and wonder to people of the day, but it is the first manifestation of the awakening of the exploited and maltreated women. Jane, smell and weak as she is , becomes an amazon fighting for the emancipation of women.Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsThemesWuthering Heights is a riddle which has meant so many things to so many people. Even today it is still hard for people to come to a universally accepted understanding of the book. It is small wonder Clement shorter would call its author“the sphinx of our modern literature.”One way of reading is to treat it as a romantic story, as a tale of love and revenge. As such, it is superb.From the social point of view, the story is a tragedy of social inequality.At some deeper level, however, the story is more than a mere copy of real life. To many people it is an illustration of the workings of the universe, a book about the cosmic harmony of the universe and the destruction and re-establishment of this harmony.It is obvious that whereas charlotte‟s and Anne‟s stories —the stories of governess and machines and trains— belong basically to the nineteenth century, Emily‟s novel, though belonging to the time of the eighteenth century England with its horse transport, rough tracks remote houses, characters unsoftened by urban contacts which lingered in her day in the Haworth uplands, is in essence timeless. It is a tale not of the society or people but of elemental, universal passions.Alfred, Lord TennysonBreak, Break, BreakThis short lyric is written in memory of Tennyson‟s best friend, Arthur Hallam, whose death has a life-long influence on the poet. Here, the poet‟s own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves. The beauty of the lyric is to be found in the musical language and in the association of sound and images with feelings and emotions. The poem contains four quatrains, with combined iambic and anapestic feet. Most lines have three feet and some four. The rhyme scheme is abcb.(The anapest is a foot that consists of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable.) The poem contains four quatrains, with combined iambic and anapestic feet.The rhythm of this poem is rich in its variety. Most of the lines are anapestic feet with three stressed syllables. Some of the lines are iambic.Generally speaking, an apestic feet read fast. But the reader can‟t read this poem this way for there are many long vowels in this poem, which shows the poet‟s grief.Crossing the BarThis poem was written in the later years of Tennyson‟s life. We can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife.Bar, a bank of sand or stones under the water as in a river, parallel to the shore, at the entrance to harbor.“Crossing the bar” means leaving this world and entering the next world.Sunset, evening star, twilight, evening bell: all images of the end of life.Sea, tide, deep, flood: all symbols of life.Bourne: boundary.Pilot: Here it refers to God.Robert BrowningDramatic monologue: is a lyric poem which reveals“a soul in action”through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. The character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic moment in the speaker’s life.My Last DuchessMy Last Duchess is Browning‟s best-know dramatic monologue. The poem takes its sources from the life of Alfonso II, duke of Ferrara of the 16th century Italy, whose young wife died suspiciously after three years of marriage. Not long after her death, the duke managed to arrange a marriage with the niece of another noble man. This dramatic monologue is the duke‟s remarks addressed to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage. In his talk about his“Last duchess”,the duke reveals himself as a self-conceited, cruel and tyrannical man. The poem is written in heroic couplets, but with no regular metrical system. In reading, it sounds like blank verse.dramatic monologue; the heroic couplet (rhymed every two lines and most of the lines have 10 syllables); colloquial language; insertion; comment and description is interwoven.Twentieth Century Literature---Realistic VS Anti-realisticRealistic:George Meredith, Samuel Butler, T. Hardy, G. B. Shaw‟, H. G. Wells, and John GalsworthyAnti-realistic: Robert Louis Stevenson, Oscar WildeImportant events:ImperialismSocial reformFirst world warSecond world warThis is an age of dramaPoets of the Victorian age leave a general impression of beauty, of faith,and therefore of cheerfulness.The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic and anti-realistic trends in art and literature.Stream of consciousness: is the narrative method of capturing and representing the inner workings of a character‟s mind. (Or it is literary technique, first used in the late 19th century, employed to evince(表示)subjective as well as objective reality. It reveals the character's feelings,thoughts, and actions, often following an associative rather than a logical sequence, without commentary by the author.) In English Literature, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the“stream of consciousness”school.Modernism: is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary strictly. Modernism was an international movement in literature and arts. Especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and flourished until 1950s. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as it‟s the theoretical base. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjective than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore they pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. In the United States, modernism refers to the 20th century American literature, which can also be called the second American Renaissance.Thomas Hardy Tess of the D’urbervillesJohn Galsworthy The Forsyte SagaOscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian GrayGeorge Bernard Shaw Mrs.Warren`s Profession 掀起莎士比亚后第二次戏剧浪潮D.H. Lawrence Sons and Lovers 现代派先驱之一，谴责工业革命Virginia Woolf Mrs. Dalloway 意识流作家James Joyce Araby 意识流作家名词解释1. Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music and art in western culture during most of the nineteenth century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. It emphasize the special qualities of each individual`s mind. Many of the ideas of English Romanticism were first expressed by the poets, William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.2. Ode:Ode is a dignified and elaborately structured lyric poem praising and glorifying an individual, commemorating an event, or describing nature intellectually rather than emotionally. Odes originally were songs performed to the accompaniment of a musical instrument.3.Realism: In art and literature, an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life. Attempts at realism have been made periodically(周期的) throughout history in all the arts; the term is, however, generally restricted to a movement that began in the mid-19th century, in reaction to the highly subjective approach of romanticism.4. Dramatic monologue: is a lyric poem which reveals“a soul in action”through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. The character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at a dramatic moment in the speaker’s life.5. Stream of consciousness: is the narrative method of capturing and representing the inner workings of a character‟s mind. (Or it is literary technique, first used in the late 19th century, employed to evince(表示)subjective as well as objective reality. It reveals the character's feelings, thoughts, and actions, often following an associative rather than a logical sequence, without commentary by the author.) In English Literature, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the“stream of consciousness”school.6. Modernism: is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary strictly. Modernism was an international movement in literature and arts. Especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century and flourished until 1950s. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as it‟s the theoretical base. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjective than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore they pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. In the United States, modernism refers to the 20th century American literature, which can also be called the second American Renaissance.。
英美文学欣赏资料janeausten优秀PPT资料
Relationship between men and women in love. 《劝导》(Persuasion, 1818, 死后出版) Austen lived her entire life as part of a large and close-knit family located on the lower fringes of English gentry. 《Pride and Prejudice》 Major concerns are about human being in their personal relations, human beings with their families and neighbors. Pride and prejudice both stand in the way of relationships She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading.
one to underestimate other mortals. Austen lived her entire life as part of a large and close-knit family located on the lower fringes of English gentry.
• Pride narrows the vision of a person and causes She was educated primarily by her father and older brothers as well as through her own reading.
英国文学史及作品选读教案-Lecture-8(09级)
Lecture 8The Romantic Period (II)ⅠTeaching ContentGeorge Gordon Byron; Percy Bysshe Shelley; John KeatsⅡTime Allotment2 periodsⅢTeaching Objectives and Requirements1 Help the students understand George Gordon Byron.@2 Help the students have a good understanding of Percy Bysshe Shelley.3 Help the students have a good understanding of John Keats.ⅣKey Points and Difficult Points in Teaching1Percy Bysshe Shelley2 John KeatsⅤTeaching Methods and MeansLecture; Discussion; Multi-mediaⅥTeaching Process"1 George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) (For Self-Study)IntroductionByron’s best poems are Don Juan and Childe Harold. His other works include Hours of Idleness and English Bards and Scottish Reviewers… (See Wang Shouren,76 and Chang Yaoxin, 197-198).Comments on Byron●Byron’s poetry is one of experience. His heroes are more or less pictures of himself.His hero is known as “Byronic Hero”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin. With immense superiority in his passions and powers, he would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. He would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies. For such a hero, the conflict is usually one of rebellious individual against out-worn social systems and conventions. The figure is, to some extent, modeled on the life and personality of Byron.● Byron insisted on authentic—and moral —nature of his work.●Byron’s poetry exerts great influence on the Romantic Movement. He stands withShakespeare and Scott among the British writers who exert great influence overthe mainland of Europe.(See Chang Yaoxin, 197)]Discussion of She Walks in Beauty(See the Textbook Selected Readings, 74-75)● It is a lyrical poem written in 1814 and published in 1815.●In June, 1814, several months before he met and married his first wife, AnnaMilbanke, Lord Byron attended a party at Lady Sitwell’s. While at the party, Lord Byron was inspired by the sight of his cousin, the beautiful Mrs. Wilmot, who was wearing a black spangled mourning dress. Lord Byron was struck by his cousin’s dark hair and fair face, the mingling of various lights and shades. This became the essence of his poem about her.(Discuss the questions in the Selected Readings.)● The first two lines bring together the opposing qualities of darkness and light thatare at play throughout the three verses. The remaining lines of the first verse tell us that her face and eyes combine all that’s best of dark and bright. No mention is made here or elsewhere in the poem of any other physical features of the lady.The focus of the vision is upon the details of the lady’s face and eyes which reflect the mellowed and tender light. She has a remarkable quality of being able to contain the opposites of dark and bright. The fourth line starts with an accented syllable followed by an unaccented one, rather than the iambic meter of the other lines, an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one. The result is that the word “Meet” receives attention, an emphasis. The lady’s unique feature is that opposites “meet” in her in a wonderful way.●The second verse tells us that the glow of the lady’s fa ce is nearly perfect. Theshades and rays are in just the right proportion, and because they are, the lady possesses a nameless grace. This conveys the romantic idea that her inner beauty is mirrored by her outer beauty. Her thoughts are serene and sweet. She is pure and dear.● The last verse is split between three lines of physical description and three linesthat describe the lady’s moral character. Her soft, calm glow reflects a life of peace and goodness. This is a repetition, an emphasis, of the theme that the lady’s physical beauty is a reflection of her inner beauty.、2 Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)Life and achievements(See Chang Yaoxin, 202-204)● Shelley is an idealistic and prophetic Romantic.● He sees life on the horizon and gives the vision a tangible form in his poetry.● He refuses to accept life as it is and tries to envision life as devoid of oppression,injustice, tyranny, and corruption current in the social life of his day.● He visualizes the birth of an ideal social order based on the regeneration of manand virtue of love. He made himself a kind of precursor to the socialist movement soon to sweep across Europe and England.Shelley’s Works<●Prometheus Unbound: a lyrical drama, Shelley’s masterpiece, most famous (SeeChang Yaoxin, 206-207)● His short lyrical poems◆ As for his lyrics on nature, the two best known ones are Ode to the West Wind(1819) and To a Skylark (1820). His other lyrics on nature are mainly Hymn of Apollo, The Cloud and To the Moon.◆Shelley’s love l yrics, numerous and widely known, including mainly L ove’sPhilosophy, I Fear Thy Kisses, Gentle Maiden, One Word Is Too Often Profaned and When the Lamp Is Shattered. In his love lyrics, Shelley regards love as the noblest thing in the universe, as the thing of extreme purity and as a feeling of devotion and worship. He believes that the noblest love in the human world may lead mankind to a state of harmony, happiness, peace and perfection. He advocates that love should be elevated high above the vulgar, practical attitude toward it.Comments on Shelley●Byron said of Shelley that he “was, without exception, the best and least selfishman I ever knew. I never knew one who was not a beast in comparison”.Matthew Arnold thought that Shelley’s character was t oo sensitive for a really great writer and called him a “beautiful and ineffectual angel, beating in the void his luminous wings in vain”. But Shelley was not ineffectual, and he was not so cut off from the realities of life as Arnold suggests.● Shelley has a shrewd and informed comprehension of the complexities of earthlylife. And his generous, unselfish personality also contained elements of sophisticated playfulness and good humor---he was not beyond laughing at himself.● Intellectually, he was an immensely learned and well-read man capable of morerefined and original philosophical thinking than any other English Romantic, including Coleridge. And as a poet, as Wordsworth said, “Shelley is one of the best artists of us all! Mean in workmanship of st yle.”~Discussion of Ode to the West Wind(Discuss the questions in the Selected Readings)● Motif of the poem: his desire for freedom and his resolution to sacrifice for thestruggle for freedom. To the poet, the west wind, powerful as it is, is not merelya natural phenomenon. It is a “spirit”, the “breath of Autumn’s being” that canspread messages of freedom far and wide that both destroys and preserves the revival in the spring. The west wind symbolizes rebirth and creative power. To some extent, the west wind is the symbol of revolutionary spirit.◆ Stanza I---The west wind has swept the foliages off the tree and carried seedsto the earth. She is both destroyer and preserver.◆ Stanza II---The west wind has awakened the sky. In this stanza, the west windis compared to the rainstorm that bursts out of the dark clouds.◆ Stanza III---The west wind has awakened the Mediterranean. The poet thinksthat the billow results from the trembling of the sea-blooms (trees) for fear of the coming west wind.◆ Stanza IV---I would have the same strength and free spirit as the west wind if Iwere brought up like him. Unfortunately, I was chained and bowed by the vicissitudes of life.◆ Stanza V---I wish we could unite to fight for a bright future. I want to spreadm y words among mankind. I’m optimistic about the future. If winter comes, can spring be far behind/● Images◆ Life images: seeds, spring, clarion, buds;◆ Death images: dead leaves, ghosts, hectic, pestilence, dark wintry bed, corps,grave.◆These life and death images on the one hand are associated with the twofunctions of the West Wind: destroyer and preserver, and on the other hand, remind us of resurrection and a cycle of life and death.3 John Keats (1795-1821)Life and achievements(See Chang Yaoxin, 207-210)●Keats was a person of singular determination. His imagination was sensual. Hewould like to be an Apollo, the god of poetry. He loved “the principle of beauty in all things” and was singularly adamant in his belief that there existed a world of eternal beauty somewhere more real than the life being lived here and it was his job to search for and create it.—● He had a sharp eye for colors and a keen ear for rhythms and a rare capacity tobring out the magic of words. He has been well known for the exquisite texture of his poetry, with its beautiful imagery, sound, and diction. His sole object in life was to look for beauty, and he was a pure poet. He was serious about life and never strove for art only for art’s sake.●He is also an influential literary theorist. His major ideas on poetry include hisnotions of “negative capability,” poetic identity and emphasis on the oneness of truth and beauty (Truth is beauty, beauty is truth).Keats’s major works● A short and miserable life as he has, Keats has produced voluminous literary works.He has written five long poems: Endymion, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, Lamia, and Hyperion.◆Endymion (1818) is a poem of 4000 lines. The story is taken from Greekmythology, telling the romantic love story of between Endymion (a handsome shepherd of Mount Latmos) and the moon goddess Cynthia. It is often interpreted as an allegory representing the poet’s quest for an ideal feminine counterpart and flawless beauty.◆Isabella is based on a story in Decameron by Boccaccio. The poet retold thetragic love story between Lorenzo and Isabella. The poem expresses sympathy for the oppressed and indignation at human cruelty.◆Lamia takes its story from Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy. Lamia is a serpentmaiden. She loves a young man named Lycius. They get married and hold their wedding banquet. Among their guests comes the sophist Apollonius who sees through Lamia’s disguise. Lamia asks Apollonius to keep it a secret, but Apollonius refuses. He reveals Lamia’s identity to the public. Then Lamia vanishes. It is obvious that this story is parallel to The Tale of the White Serpent in China. The emphasis is on the appreciation of sensuous beauty.◆The Eve of St Agnes is a young people’s poetic version of Romeo and Juliet,written in Spenserian stanzas, telling the story between the young maiden Madeline and her lover Porphyro). St Agnes is the patron saint of virgins. The poem is full of beautiful imaginary, rich colour and word music. Keat s’fondness for sensuous beauty and his ability to paint exquisite world-pictures find their best expression in his poem.`◆Hyperion is an unfinished long epic, regarded as Keats’ greatest achievementin poetry. It includes two fragments, Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion. The poem describes a struggle for power in heaven. Keats wanted to convey in this poem that the victory of life and youth over the forces of decadence and retrogression is inevitable. The old order must give way to the new system—this is the eternal law of nature.● Keats has written many short lyrical poems, of which the odes and the sonnets arebest known. The odes are generally regarded as Keats’s most important and mature works. His odes include: Ode to Autumn, Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Melancholy, and Ode on a Grecian Urn. His best known sonnets include: Bright Star, When I Have Fear, and The Grasshopper and the Cricket.Discussion of Ode to a Nightingale●In this poem, Keats not only expresses his raptures upon hearing the beautifulsongs of the nightingale and his desire to go to the ethereal world of beauty together with the bird, but also shows his deep sympathy for and his keen understanding of human miseries in the society in which he lived.● This poem expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural lovelinessand human world of agony.◆ At first, opiates and wine seems to be a way to transcend the human misery.◆At last poetry itself is seen the most effective way to release misery and toreach paradise. The bird’s song roused in the poet’s heart a form of spiritual homesickness, a longing to be at one with beauty.◆Keats manages to keep a precarious balance between mirth and despair,rapture and grief. Through the power of language, a world of beauty is visualized. But the excitement created through words is also subtly destroyed by them. The ultimate imaginative view evaporates in its extremity as the full associations of the last word “toll”the poet back from his near loss ofselfhood to the real and human world of sorrow and death. The title of F.Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night derives itself from this poem.(▼Stanza I—I was falling asleep after taking opiates when I heard a nightingale singing in the beechen forest.▼Stanza II—I’d like a cup of red wine to soothe my trouble.▼Stanza III—The nightingale was singing in ecstasy while I am suffering on earth.▼Stanza IV—I wish I could fly to the moon together with the nightingale.▼Stanza V—I realize that I was in a beautiful garden full of fragrant flowers.▼Stanza VI—The nightingale, regardless of my imminent death, kept singing in an ecstasy. Her melody was floating over the grassland aimlessly sinceher bosom friend cannot hear it any longer.▼Stanza VII—The nightingale’s melody has magical power to arouse the nostalgia of Ruth, a female in the Bible.▼Stanza VIII—The nightingale’s melody faded away, but I was still absorbed in it. I was half awake and half asleep.~ⅦReflection Questions and AssignmentsReflection questions1 In what way are nature and imagination related in Ode to the West Wind2 In Ode to a Nightingale, what images of sound, sight, smell, taste, or touchhave led you on a journey of the imagination back to some remembered past occurrence3 Comment on the epigram “beauty is truth, truth is beauty” in the Ode on aGrecian Urn.Assignments1 Read Ode on a Grecian Urn.2 Pre-read Jane-Austen.~3 Pre-read Pride and Prejudice in the Selected Readings.ⅧMajor References1 Abrams, M. H. ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, (6th edition),Norton: 1993.2 Baugh, Albert C. A Literary History of England. 1967.3 Drabble, Margaret.The Oxford Companion to English Literature. OxfordUniversity Press and Foreign language and Research Press, 1998.4 陈嘉.《英国文学史》. 北京：商务印书馆，1986.5 陈嘉.《英国文学作品选读》. 北京：商务印书馆，1982.6 侯维瑞. 《英国文学通史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999.·7 刘炳善. 《英国文学简史》. 郑州：河南人民出版社，1993.8 刘守兰. 《英美名诗解读》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2003.9 罗经国. 《新编英国文学选读》. 北京：北京大学出版社，1997.10 蒋洪新. 《英美诗歌选读》.长沙：湖南师范大学出版社，2004.11 隋刚.《英美诗歌意境漫游》.北京：外文出版社，1998.12 孙汉云. 《英国文学教程》. 南京：河海大学出版社，2005.13 王佩兰等. 《英国文学史及作品选读》. 长春：东北师范大学，2006.14 王松年. 《英国文学作品选读》. 上海：上海交通大学出版社，2002.15 王佐良. 《英国诗选》. 上海：上海译文出版社，1993.16 吴伟仁. 《英国文学史及选读》（第二册）. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1990.17 杨岂深，孙铢.《英国文学选读》. 上海：上海译文出版社，1981.18 张伯香.《英美文学选读》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998.19 张定铨. 《新编简明英国文学史》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002.。
英国文学选读课件8
(2) Interpretation of the poem
The poem Ode to the West Wind can be divided in two parts: the first three cantos are about the qualities of the ‘Wind’ and end each with the invocation ‘Oh hear!’. The last two cantos give a relation between the ‘Wind’ and the speaker. In this first of the five sections of the poem, the speaker begins to define the domains and the powers of the West Wind. While stanza II addresses the wind's influence on the sky, and stanza III discusses its effects on the sea, stanza I describes the wind's effects on the land. The autumn breezes scatter dead leaves and seeds on the forest soil, where they eventually fertilize the earth and take root as new growth.
Title page of the limited first edition printed by Shelly himself,1813
英国文学史PPT课件
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Johnson thought that “all was false and hollow” despised the honeyed words, and wrote a letter to Lord Chestfield, saying “ when I had once addressed your lordship in public, I had exhausted all the art or pleasing which a retired and uncourtly scholar can possess.”
英国文学史与选读 讲座课件
汤富华 2004年3月
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通过作品找意境，通过中西文学 对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我 们的学生成为自己的主人。
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Early and Medieval English Literature
Geoffrey Chaucer, the founder of English poetry, was born, about 1340, in London. He was the son of a wine merchant who had connections with the court.
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Daniel Defoe: 1660-1731
• Son of James and Mary Foe, a merchant family committed to Puritanism (Presbyterians)
• Sound education at Morton’s Academy. Only Anglicans could gridge.
积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而
6th weekJane_Austen 英美文学赏析 教学课件
• The household was lively and bookish.
• The family also enjoyed writing and performing plays for evening entertainment.
• When young she went to balls and picnics, and paid visits like any other girl of her class.
Jane Austen
(-1817)
• The Austens were moderately well off. They kept a carriage and pair双驾马车 and ‘enjoyed … some of the considerations usually awarded to landed proprietors土地所有者’.
Although Austen was widely read in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously.
Her Position in English Literature
One of the few novelists who have managed to satisfy the requirements in the art of novel writing; Ranked among the truly great British novelists.
英国文学选读unit7
• Remarks:
• Pride and Prejudice has long been a favorite of both readers and critics alike and is often regarded as Jane Austen’s consummate achievement. In Pride and Prejudice and her other works, Jane Austen focused on characters of her own social class: the ladies and gentlemen of the landed gentry. She wrote about the people that she knew best and wove her plots around the intricacies of courtship(求爱) and marriage between members of the landed gentry. As she depicted events concerning the class to which she was a member of herself, she illuminate in their characters the follies(愚行) and failings of men and women of all times and classes.
英国文学课件 Jane Austen
wealthy bachelor, about 28 When he attends a dance in Meryton, he looks down on the local attendees--including
Elizabeth Bennet--thinking them common and
love with him.
In the process of judging
others, Elizabeth finer blindness, partiality,
prejudice & absurdity.
In time she discovered her own shortcomings. On the other hand, Darcy too learns about other people & himself. In the end false pride is humbled & prejudice dissolved.
(3) Jane Bennet
Mr. and Mrs. Bennet's oldest daughter, about twenty-two.
She is blessed with beauty and a sweet disposition.
She suffers great disappointment when Bingley, who is well endowed with money and property--one day severs all connections with her.
(1) Elizabeth (Lizzy) Bennet (2) FitzWilliam Darcy (3) Jane Bennet (4) Charles Bingley
(完整word版)英国文学史及选读知识要点II
Part VII The Romantic Period (1798-1832) Romanticism in EnglandI. background1.The French Revolution（1789-1799）2. The Industrial RevolutionII romanticism1. definition and characteristics （理解）2. The period: 1798-1832Beginning with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads (1798), ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832)3. The representative poetsWilliam Wordsworth（1770-1850）威廉·华兹华斯S.T. Coleridge （1772-1834）S.T.柯勒律治Robert Southey （1774-1843）罗伯特·骚塞George Gordon, Lord Byron （1788-1824）乔治·戈登·拜伦Percy Bysshe Shelley（1792-1822）珀西·比希·雪莱John Keats（1795-1821）约翰·济慈4. The prose writersWalter Scott (1771-1832): historical novelist 沃尔特·司各特James Austen (1775-1817) : novelist 简·奥斯丁Charles Lamb (1775-1834): essayist 查尔斯·兰姆5. Literary formsThe age of Wordsworth –like the age of Shakespeare - was decidedly an age of poetry. There was also a noteworthy development of the novel which was already beginning to establish itself as the favorite literary form of nineteenth century.The drama was the only literary form that was not adequately represented.（一）William Wordsworth(1770-1850)I status①the leading figure of the English romantic poetry②He has started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.③using the ordinary speech and advocating a return to nature.II works1. Subjects:①Poems about nature②Poems about human life2. WorksLines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey (1798) 《廷腾寺》The Prelude (1805-1806) 《序曲》The Excursion (1814) 《远足》Sonnets3. selected readingTintern AbbeyShe Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕见的路边I Traveled Among Unknown Men 我曾在异乡漫游I wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我像一朵孤独的浮云The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女（二）George Gordon, Lord Byron(1788-1824)I. Literary Works①Hours of Idleness《闲暇时刻》《消闲时光》②The English Bards and Scott Reviewers《英国诗人和苏格兰评论家》③Child Harold’s Pilgrimage《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Canto I,II(1812)Canto III (1816)Canto Iv (1818)④Oriental Tales⑤Manfred 《曼弗雷德》a poetical drama（诗剧）⑥Cain 《该隐》a poetical drama⑦Don Juan《唐璜》II Selected Reading1.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德·哈罗德游记2.Don Juan 唐璜(The Isles of Greece 哀希腊)3. When We Two Parted 当我俩分别的时候4. She Walks in Beauty 她早在美的光影里5. Sonnet on Chillon 夏兰（瑞士一古堡）的囚徒III Byronic Hero （理解）（三）Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)The worksTwo narratives①Queen Mab 麦布女王1813②The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛1818 Lyrics③Ode to the West Wind 西风颂1819④To a Skylark 云雀颂1820⑤The Cloud 云1820⑥Adonais 阿多尼an elegy for John KeatsPoetic drama⑦Prometheus Unbound 解放的普罗米修斯1819⑧The Cenci 钦契一家The major prose essay ⑨A Defence of Poetry诗辩1822（四）John Keats (1795-1821)I works①a sonnetOn First Looking into Chapman’s Homer 1817初读查浦曼译之荷马②a long narrative poemEndymion 1818 恩底弥翁③a volume of verseLamia , Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems 1820拉米亚、伊莎贝拉、圣安格尼斯节前夜和其它的诗( four great odes –On Melancholy忧郁颂, On a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂, To Psyche精神颂, To a Nightingale夜莺颂, and Hyperion许珀里翁)II ode（理解）（五）Walter Scott (1771-1832)I.statusHistorical novelist and poet popular throughout much of the world during his timeII Scott’s Works1. Poems①Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border《苏格兰边区歌谣集》1802 (he had collected among the Scottish people for many years.)②The Lay of the Last Minstrel《最末一个行吟诗人》③Marmion《玛密恩》1808④The Lady of the Lake《湖上夫人》18102. Historical Novelssubjects:from the Middle Ages to the 18th centuryhistory of ScotlandEnglish historyhistory of European countriesOf the Scottish history①Waverley 《威弗利》1814②Guy Mannering 《盖伊·曼纳令》1815③The Antiquary《古董家》1816④The Black Dwarf 《黑侏儒》1816⑤Old Morality 《修墓老人》1816⑥Rob Roy《罗布·罗伊》1817 the best of the group⑦The Heart of Midlothian 《密得洛西恩监狱》/《爱丁堡监狱》1818⑧The Bride of Lammermoor《沼地新娘》1819⑨A legend of Montrose 《蒙特罗斯传奇》1819⑩Red Gauntlet《雷德冈脱利特》1824⑾The Betrothed《约婚夫妇》1825⑿Talisman 《护身符》1825Of the English history①Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》/《撒克逊劫后英雄传/略》the English history of the end of the 12th century②The Monastery《修道院》1820③The Abbot《修道院长》/《女王越狱记》1820④Kenilworth, 《肯纳尔沃思堡》1821②③④describes the time of Mary Stuart and Queen Elizabeth⑤The Pirate 《海盗》1821⑥The Fortunes of Nigel, 《尼格尔的家产》1822⑦Peveril of the Peak 《贝弗利尔·皮克》1823⑤⑥⑦take place in 17th century Scotland and England⑧Woodstock 《皇家猎宫》1826The English RevolutionOf the European countries①Quentin Durward 《昆丁·达沃德》1823the best-known novel on French history.②Anne of Geierstein 《盖厄斯坦的安妮》1829③Count Robert of Paris《巴黎的罗伯特伯爵》1832III. historical novels①P86 L5-14②P 87 the last par.（六）Jane Austen (1775-1817)I. Novels1. Sense and Sensibility《理智与情感》2. Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》18133. Northanger Abbey 《诺桑觉寺》18184. Mansfield Park《曼斯菲尔德花园》18145. Emma 《爱玛》18156. Persuasion 《劝告》1818II A writer of the 18th century（理解）III Main literary concern (themes) （理解）IV selected readingPride and Prejudice（人物情节）（七）Charles Lamb(1775-1834)I The rise of English essayThe first decades of the 18th and 19th centuries witnessed new births in the essay as a form in literature.①Addison and Steele socialized the essay②A means of intimate self expressionCharles LambWilliam Hazlitt (1778-1830) 威廉·哈兹里特Thomas De Quincy(1785-1859)托马斯·德·昆西Leigh Hunt（1784-1859）李·亨特II works•Tales from Shakespeare (1807)•Specimens of English Dramatic PoetsContemporary with Shakespeare (1808)•Essays of Elia (1823)•Last Essays of Elia (1833)PART VIII The (early) Victorian Age(1832-1968) Critical Realism in England I BackgroundI. The period①The Victorian reign (1837-1901)②A new era 1832—the Reform Bill1902—the end of Boer war(the Victorian roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria)Two divisions:a. Early Victorian period (1832-1868)(first 14 years – filled with unrest, alarm, and miserythe succeeding 22 years— the growing prosperity and general good feeling, “ the workshop of the world” )b. Late Victorian(1868-1902)II. literature1 Critical realismCharles Dickens (1812-1870) 狄更斯William Makepeace Thackeray (1811-1863) 萨克雷Charlotte Bronte (1816-1855) 夏洛特·勃朗特Emily Bronte (1818-1848) 艾米丽·勃朗特Mrs Gaskell (1810-1865)盖斯凯尔夫人Anthony Trollope (1815-1882)安东尼·特罗洛普George Eliot (1819-1880) 乔治·艾略特2. the chartist literature3. the poetsAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892)丁尼生Robert Browning (1812-1889) 布朗宁Charles Algernon Swinburne (1837-1909) 斯温伯恩Charles Dickens (1812-1870)I. the three greatest Victorian novelistsCharles DickensWilliams Makepeace ThackerayGeorge EliotII The Major Works of Charles DickensSketches by Boz (1836) 博兹特写集The Posthumous papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) 匹克威克外传Oliver Twist (1837-1838) 雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839) 尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841) 老古玩店Barnaby Rudge 1841巴纳比·鲁奇A Christmas Carol (1843) 圣诞欢歌Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845) 朱述尔维特Dombey and Son (1846-1848) 董贝父子David Copperfield( 1849-1850) 大卫·科波菲尔Bleak House (1852-1853) 荒凉山庄Hard Times (1854) 艰难时世Little Dorrit (1855-1857) 小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities (1859) 双城记Great Expectations (1860-1861) 远大前程Our Mutual Friend 我们共同的朋友III writing features1.Humor2. His character-portrayal3. Language4. a master story-tellerWilliam M Thackeray (1811-1863)I worksFrazer ①- ④①1837-38 The Yellowplush Correspondence②1839-40 Catherine③1841 The Great Hoggarty Diamond④1844 Barry Lyndon 巴利·林顿⑤Snob Papers ( in Punch) 1848 The Book of Snobs(a social satirist)⑥1847-1848 V anity Fair⑦1848-1850 Pendennis 潘丹尼斯⑧Henry Esmond : a historical novel⑨1855 The Rose and the Ring⑩1855 The Newcomes 纽卡莫一家⑪1855 The Four Georges ( a series of lectures on Kings George 1-IV and their times)12 1857-1859 The VirginiansCornhill Magazine 康西尔杂志13-1613. 1860 Lovel the Widower 鳏夫洛威尔14. 1861-1862 The Adventures of Philip15. 1864 Denis Duval 丹尼斯·杜瓦尔16. 1863 The Roundabout papers 转弯抹角的随笔II Masterpiece: V anity Fair1.Setting : Vanity Fair is set at the time of the Napoleonic wars.2.the title :from John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress3.subtitle : a novel without hero4.Characterization:Rebecca SharpAmelia5.Major plotGeorge Eliot (Mary Ann Evans)(1819-1880)Major works1.Translation:The Essence of Christianity《基督教的本质》2. Scenes of Clerical Life 《教区生活场景》1857Three stories:1) “The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton” “阿莫斯·巴顿牧师的不幸遭遇”2) “Mr. Gilfil’s Love Story” “吉尔菲尔先生的恋爱史”3) “Janet’s Repentance” “珍妮特的忏悔”3 Adam Bede《亚当·比德》18594.The Mill on the Floss 《弗洛斯河上的磨房》1859=18605. Silas Marner《织工马南》18616. Romola《罗慕拉》18637. Felix Holt the Radical1866《激进分子费立可斯·霍尔特》8. Middlemarch(1871—1872) 《米德尔马契》9. Daniel Deronda 1876 《丹尼尔·德龙达》II Writing features （理解）The Brontë SistersCharlotte Brontë (1816—1855)Emily Brontë (1818—1848)Anne Brontë (1820—1849)I WorksPoems by Culler, Ellis, and Acton Bell1846 a collection of poemsEmily:Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》Anne:①Agnes Grey《安格尼斯·格雷》②The Tenant of the Wildfell Hall《维尔德菲尔庄园的房客》①The Professor《教授》(based on her Brussels experience; not published until her death)②Jane Eyre《简爱》(masterpiece)③Shirley,《雪莉》1849④Villette,《维莱特》1853II Jane EyreIII. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte①one of the great works of genius in English fiction②Emily drew equally on her own emotional, introverted nature and on the wild and mysterious moorland around for the story of Heathcliff.③the title: wuthering, a yorkshire dialect for “weathering”④the plotTwo families and an instruderThe Earnshaw family—Wuthering HeightsHindley (Hareton)Catherine (cathy)The Linton family—Thrushcross GrangeEdgarIsabellaThe instruder Heathcliff (Linton)Alfred, Lord Tennyson1809-1892I statusThe most representative, if not the greatest, Victorian poetII Major works①In Memoriam 1833-1850 悼念集131 short poemsA powerful expression of the poet’s philosophical and religious thoughts②Idylls of the king 1850-1855•12 books of narrative poems, based on the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table• A modern interpretation of the classic mythIII Tennyson’s best-known short poems①Ulysses②Break, Break, BreakSadness over the loss of a dear friend, combiningnature and his inner world③Crossing the BarIV Writing features （理解）Robert BrowningI Dramatic monologueII His major works①Pauline②Paracelsus 1835 帕拉塞尔萨斯③Sordello 索尔戴洛④Pippa passes 比芭走过⑤Dramatic Lyrics 1842⑥Dramatic Romances 1845⑦Men and Women 1855⑧The Ring and the Book 1868-1869III Artistic features①The name of Browning is often associated with the term "dramatic monologue." Although it is not his invention, it is in his hands that this poetic form reaches its maturity and perfection.its maturity and perfection.②Browning's poetry is not easy to read. His rhythms are often too fast, too rough & unmusical③The syntax is usually clipped & highly compressed. The similes & illustrations appear too profusely. The allusions & implications are sometimes odd & far-fetched. All this makes up his obscurity.On the whole, Browning's style is very different from that of any other Victorian poets.His poetic style belongs to the 20th-century rather than to the Victorian age.IV Selected Reading:“My Last Duchess”Best example of dramatic monologuePart IX Twentieth Century Literature The transition from 19th to the 20th Century in English LiteratureBackground of history•Imperialism•Social reformLiterature①A period of struggle between realistic and anti-realist trendsRealistic writersGeorge Meredith（1828-1909）乔治·梅瑞迪斯Samuel Butler （1865-1902）萨缪尔·巴特勒Thomas Hardy (1840-1828) 托马斯·哈代George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) 乔治·巴纳德·萧Herbert George Wells(1866-1946) 赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯John Galsworthy 约翰·高尔斯华绥（1867-1833）Features:P 310 –p311 (5 paragraphs )Anti-realistic writersRobert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森(1850-1894)新浪漫主义Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡·王尔德(1856-1890)唯美主义Joseph Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林(1865-1936)帝国主义诗人（the first English-language writer to receive the Nobel Prize)②ModernismBackground (philosophical ideas)(1)Karl Marx：scientific socialism(2)Darwin’s theory of evolutionThe Social Darwinism, “survival of the fittest”(3) Einstein’s theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space.(4)Freud’s analytical psychology(5) Arthur Schopenhauer, a pessimistic philosopher, started a rebellion against rationalism, stressing the importance of will and intuition.(6) Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality.(7) Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy, which put the emphasis on creation, intuition, irrationality and unconsciousness.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928)English poet and novelistThe Wessex Novelspessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.I His Major WorksHardy himself divided his novels into three groups:1) Novels of Character & Environment （性格与环境小说）2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies3)Novels of Ingenuity1) Novels of Character and EnvironmentUnder the Greenwood Tree(1872) 《绿荫下》Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) 《远离尘嚣》The Return of the Native (1878) 《还乡》The Trumpet Major（1880）《号兵长》The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886) 《卡斯特桥市长》The Woodlanders（1887）《林地人》Tess of the d'Urbervilles(1891) 《德伯家的苔丝》Jude the Obscure(1895) 《无名的裘德》II features①Past & Modern②Determinism③Critical realismIII Writing features①Hardy is not an analyst of human life or nature like George Eliot, but a meditative story-teller or romancer.②He tells very good stories about very interesting people but seldom stops to ask why.③He is a great painter of nature.④His heroes and heroines, those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness, are all vividly and realistically depicted.⑤They all seem to possess a kind of exquisitely sensuous beauty.⑥And finally, all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor.⑦In style, Hardy is a traditionalist, although there are obvious traits of modernism in thematic matters.John Galsworthy 高尔斯华绥Major works①his first book，From the Four Winds（a volume of short stories）1897②The Forsyte Chroniclesthe first trilogy：The Forsyte SagaThe Man of Property (1906)In Chancery（1920）To Let（1921）the second trilogy: A Modern Comedy 1929the third : End of the Chapter1934③playsThe Silver Box (1906)Strife (1909)Justice (1910)Oscar Wilde•Irish poet, novelist, dramatist and essayist• A spokesman for Aestheticism (the school of “Art for Art’s sake”AestheticismWorks①The Picture of Dorian Gray (a novel) 1891道连·格雷的画像②Lady Windermere’s fan③A Woman of No Importance④An Ideal Husband⑤The Importance of Being Earnest(②- ⑤Comedies)⑥The Ballad of Reading Gaol《雷丁监狱之歌》1898 （poem)⑦De Profoundis 1905 《从深处》(prose)。
《英国文学选读》课件
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以培 养个人的审美观念、批判思维和
创造力，提升个人综合素质。
英国文学作品中所描绘的人物形 象和故事情节，有助于引导个人 树立正确的价值观、人生观和世
界观。
对社会观念的反思
英国文学作品反映了社会历史的变迁 和人类文明的进步，促使人们对社会 问题进行深入反思。
英国文学作品中对社会问题的揭示和 批判，有助于激发人们对社会正义和 进步的思考，推动社会变革和进步。
，关注其思想内涵和人文精 神，了解当时的社会变革和
文化思潮。
总结词
注重作品的文学技巧和创新
详细描述
探讨中期文学作品所运用的文学技巧和创 新，如何推动文学的发展，以及在文学史 上的贡献。
总结词
关注作品的情感表达和审美追求
详细描述
分析中期文学作品中的情感表达和审美追 求，如何通过情感和审美来表达作品的主 题和思想。
英国文学的价值
英国文学不仅是文化遗产，也是人类智慧的结晶。它提供了对人性、社会和人 类命运的深刻洞察，启发了人们对生活、道德和人性的思考。英国文学作品还 具有很高的审美价值，为读者提供了丰富的阅读体验。
分析当前英国文学的发展趋势
多元化与包容性
当前英国文学的一个显著趋势是 多元化和包容性。越来越多的作 家来自不同背景，关注各种社会 议题，使英国文学更加丰富多彩
03
社会责任与担当
面对当今世界的挑战，未来的英国文学将更加注重社会责任和担当。作
家们将通过他们的作品关注环境保护、社会公正和人权等议题，发挥文
学在社会问题上的舆论引导和思考启迪的作用。
THANKS
感谢观看
通过阅读英国文学作品，可以了解不 同社会背景和文化传统下人们的思想 观念和行为方式，促进跨文化交流和 理解。
英国文学作家简介和作品的感想
Jane Austen completed six novels, Northanger Abbey, Persuasion, Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park, and Emma. Her novels were published anonymously owing to
Thomas Hardy
“Tess of the D’Urbervilles” Questions: the modern meaning of female problem; women’s liberation . Is there still a Tess around you?
一百年前的人物在现实社会中的意义，从Tess的悲 剧看爱情的宿命和幸福的乌托邦。思考该小说对学生 的生活指导意义。 Tess是悲剧的总和，从Alec和Angel 的来往，对女 性的看法沿袭了古代的做法。
英国文学史和选读课件(III)
惠州学院外语系 汤富华教授
Jane Austen(1775—1817)
“Pride and Prejudice” “Sense and Sensibility” “Emma” “Persuasion” “Mansfield Park” “Northanger Abbey”
又可看出其善念开始下降。
“Why did I never hear of this? I asked, amaze. I hated you so much that I wrote back to him, telling him you had died o typhus fever at Lowood. That was my revenge on you, for causing me so much trouble!” She cried angrily. “Dear aunt,” I said, “don’t think about that any more…
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Introduction
❖ The first important English woman novelist ❖ Born to a country clergyman’s family;
amiable family atmosphere ❖ Led an uneventful life at her home and the
❖ Her mother died when she was very young, and she has been mistress of the house ever since, certainly since her older sister got married.
❖ Although Emma is a manipulative person for others’ hearts, she didn’t understand her own. Until Harriet finally says that she thinks Mr. Knightly, Emma’s old friend, is in love with her, jealousy makes Emma realize she loves him herself. Knightly has been secretly in love with Emma since long. So they get married and live in Hartsfield with Emma’s father together.
❖ deals with a young woman's maturation into adulthood and the trouble she gets herself into along the way.
Elementaracter ❖ Plot ❖ Theme ❖ Point of view
Jane Austen
1775.12.16-1817
*Her works:
Jane Austen wrote altogether 6 novels:
1) Northanger abbey (1789) 《诺桑觉寺》 2) Sense and Sensibility (1811) 《理智与情感》 3) Pride and Prejudice (1813) 《傲慢与偏见》 4) Mansfield Park (1814) 《曼斯菲尔德庄园》 5) Emma (1816) 《爱玛》 6) Persuasion 《劝导》
❖ In some ways, Emma is mature for her age, although she makes some serious mistakes.
❖ Though vowing she will never marry, she delights in making matches for others.
though he cares deeply for her ❖ the owner of the neighbouring estate of
Dowell, which includes extensive grounds and a farm
Harriet Smith
❖ The illegitimate daughter of initially unknown parents, she is revealed in the last chapter to be the daughter of a fairly rich and decent tradesman, although not a "gentleman".
Main Characters
❖ Emma Woodhouse ❖ Mr. George Knightley ❖ Harriet Smith
Emma Woodhouse
❖ the protagonist of the story, is a beautiful, high-spirited, intellectual, and 'slightly' spoiled woman of almost 21.
❖ Emma takes Harriet under her wing early in the novel, and she becomes the subject of some of Emma's misguided matchmaking attempts.
❖ Harriet initially rebuffs(粗暴拒绝) a marriage proposal from farmer Robert Martin because of Emma's belief that he is beneath her, despite Harriet's own doubtful origins.
nearby town, remaining unmarried all her life
Emma
❖ comic novel about the perils of misconstrued (误解的) romance
❖ comedy of manners
Gwyneth Paltrow starring as Emma Woodhouse in the 1996 film
❖ She seems unable to fall in love, until jealousy makes her realize that she has loved Mr. Knightley all along.
Mr. Knightley
❖ about 37 or 38. ❖ a close friend of Emma, and her only critic,
setting
❖ Austen portrayed the life of the middle class people living in towns from the end of the 18th. century to the beginning of the 19th. century, taking marriage as a subject matter and writing novels with an ironic and humorous tone.
❖ Before she began the novel, Austen wrote, "I am going to take a heroine whom no-one but myself will much like."
❖ In the very first sentence she introduces the title character as "Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich." Emma, however, is also rather spoiled; she greatly overestimates her own matchmaking abilities; and she is blind to the dangers of meddling in other people's lives.
Theme
❖ Marriage and social status ❖ The confined nature of women’s existence ❖ The blinding power of imagination ❖ The obstacles to open expression
point of view(视角)
❖ The 3rd person point of view
Homework
❖ Remark one or two characters that you are interested in.
❖ Comment on different types of marriage
Thank you!
❖ Ultimately, Harriet and Mr. Martin are wed, despite Emma‘s meddling (干涉).
Plot
❖ Emma Woodhouse is a young, beautiful, witty, and spoiled woman living in Hartsfield with her elderly widowed father. Encouraged by her previous success, she starts to match her new friend Harriet Smith, a sweet but non-too bright girl, to other gentlemen. Her behavior leads to several misunderstandings and makes good laugh.