1 人教版高一英语必修一定语从句详解和练习

定语从句

一、定义及相关术语

1、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3、关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,

which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；

B、代替先行词；

C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

2、whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.

【注意】关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3、which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.

4、that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，

作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million.

The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind.

The season that / which comes after spring is summer.

注：that与which 用法区别

(1)只用which, 不用that的情况

(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

(b) 介词后用which, 不能用that。

We depend on the land from which we get our food.

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, little, few, much等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c) 先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last, just修饰时，只用that。

(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.

(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

举例：

Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who that break the window should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

5、Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.

He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

【注意】指物时，常用下列结构来代替：the+n.+of+ which

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

= Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

6. 五、关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句

as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

He married her, as / which was natural.

He is honest, as / which we can see.

2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which

引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。