胡崔亮——人工智能实验报告

人工智能课程报告

——安徽农业大学经济技术学院专业：计算机科学与技术

年级：08级

姓名：胡崔亮

学号：08538034

成绩：

2011-11-05

实验名称：人工智能程序设计

——少量动物识别专家系统

本程序用于识别豹子、老虎、鸟、长颈鹿、斑马等七种动物的一个实验专家系统。通过本程序的编制理解PROLOG的运行机制及推理规则，同时对专家系统有初步的了解。源程序代码如下：database

xpositive(symbol,symbol).

xnegative(symbol,symbol).

predicates

run

animal_is(symbol)

it_is(symbol)

positive(symbol,symbol)

negative(symbol,symbol)

clear_facts

remember(symbol,symbol,symbol)

ask(symbol,symbol)

clauses

run:-animal_is(X),!,write("\nyour animal may be a(n)",X),

nl,nl,clear_facts.

run:-write("\n unable to determine what"),

write("\n your animal is\n\n"),clear_facts.

positive(X,Y):-xpositive(X,Y),!.

positive(X,Y):-not(xnegative(X,Y)),!,ask(X,Y).

negative(X,Y):-xnegative(X,Y),!.

negative(X,Y):-not(xpositive(X,Y)),!,ask(X,Y).

ask(X,Y):-write(X,"is",Y,"\n"),readln(Reply),

remember(X,Y,Reply).

remember(X,Y,yes):-assertz(xpositive(X,Y)).

remember(X,Y,no):-assertz(xnegative(X,Y)),fail.

clear_facts:-retract(xpositive(_,_)),fail.

clear_facts:-retract(xnegative(_,_)),fail.

clear_facts:-write("\n\nplease press the space bar to Exit"),readchar(_).

animal_is(cheetah):-it_is(mammal),it_is(carnivore),positive(has,tawn y_color),positive(has,black_spots).

animal_is(tiger):-it_is(mammal),it_is(carnivore),positive(has,tawny_c olor),positive(has,black_stripes).

animal_is(giraffe):-it_is(ungulate),

positive(has,long_neck),

positive(has,long_legs),

positive(has,dark_spots).

animal_is(zebra):-it_is(ungulate),positive(has,black_stripes). animal_is(ostrich):-it_is(bird),

negative(does,fly),

positive(has,long_neck),

positive(has,long_legs),

positive(has,black_and_white_color). animal_is(penguin):-it_is(bird),

negative(does,fly),

positive(does,swim),

positive(has,black_and_white_color). animal_is(albatross):-it_is(bird),positive(does,fly_well).

it_is(mammal):-positive(has,hair).

it_is(mammal):-positive(does,give_milk).

it_is(bird):-positive(has,feather).

it_is(bird):-positive(does,fly),positive(does,lay_eggs).

it_is(carnivore):-positive(does,eat_eat).

it_is(carnivore):-positive(has,pointed_teeth),

positive(has,claws),

positive(has,forward_eyes).

it_is(ungulate):-it_is(mammal),positive(has,hooves).

it_is(ungulate):-it_is(mammal),positive(has,chew_cud).

谓词解释：

Xpositive肯定数据库——记录yes选项的谓词，xnegative否定数据库——记录no选项的谓词。Cheetah：豹子mammal：哺乳动物carnivore：食肉动物tawny_color：黄褐色black_spots：黑斑点black_stripes：斑纹giraffe：长颈鹿ungulate：有蹄的zebra：斑马ostrich：驼鸟penguin：企鹅give_milk：哺乳feather：羽毛

lay_eggs：下蛋eat_eat：食肉pointed_teeth：犬齿claws：爪子hooves：蹄chew_cud：咀嚼

运行结果：在交互窗口下输入RUN，根据你要识别的动物特征选择yes或no。

假定要识别的动物是长颈鹿，运行结果如下：