杜鹃属植物的引种适应性研究

第28卷第4期2004年7月

南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)

Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition)

Vol.28,No.4

Jul.,2004 杜鹃属植物的引种适应性研究

张乐华

(江西省、中国科学院庐山植物园,江西 庐山 332900)

摘 要:庐山植物园自1982年始开展杜鹃属植物引种驯化研究,共引种杜鹃花近300种(品种)。笔者归纳了该园20余年来在杜鹃花引种栽培中所取得的经验,并通过对杜鹃在栽种地生长发育的观察,分析探讨了杜鹃属植物在庐山地区的适应性。结果表明:(1)原产中国 日本森林植物亚区的杜鹃生长好于中国 喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,尤其是长江中下游中高山地区引种的杜鹃生长极佳;(2)引自亚热带湿润季风气候带的杜鹃生长好于南亚热带半湿润气候带(滇南及滇西南);(3)广生态幅的物种适应性好于狭生态幅的;(4)向温暖湿润气候演化的温带和亚热带林下类群的杜鹃生长良好,而向旱、寒生环境演化的高山类群或热带附生类群的有鳞杜鹃在庐山适应性差;(5)总体来看适应性强弱表现依次为:落叶杜鹃亚属,马银花亚属,常绿杜鹃亚属,羊踯躅亚属,有鳞杜鹃亚属;(6)原产日本、北美地区的杜鹃在庐山生长适应性良好,久经栽培的种引种易于成功。

关键词:庐山地区;杜鹃属;引种栽培;适应性

中图分类号:S685.21 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-2006(2004)04-0092-05

A Study on the Introduction and Adaptability of Rhododen dron

in Lushan Botanical Garden

Z HANG Le hua

(Lushan Botanical Garden,Chinese Acade my of Sciences,Lus han332900,China)

Abstract:The introduc tion and cultivation of Rhododendron in Lushan Botanical Garden started since 1982.About300species and varieties have been introduced.The work e xperience and cultivated results for20years are reported in this paper.Through the observation of gro wth and development of the plants of the genus Rhododendron,their adaptability in Lushan mountain is discussed:(1)The gro wth of Rhodo dendron from Sino Japanese Subregion,is superior to that in Sino Himalayan Subregion,especially those from the middle high hill of the middle and lower reaches of the C hangjiang River grow e xtremely well;

(2)The growth of Rho dodendron introduced from the subtropical humid monsoon climate zone is superior to that from the southern subtropical se mi humid climate zone(the southern and south western Yunnan);

(3)The adaptability of species with wide ecological range is superior to that of the narrow ecological rang;

(4)The Rhododendron evolving to wards warm and humid climate,from the te mperate zone and subtropics, grow well.W hile those evolving towards dry and cold climate,from the high hill groups or the tropical epi phyte,have inferior adaptability;(5)General adaptabilities are arranged in the order:Rhododendron Sub gen.Antho dendron,Azaleastrum,Hymenanthes,Pseudoanthodendron,Rhodo dendron;(6)Rho dodendron from Japan or North America has an advantage in adaptability in Mt.Lushan;the long cultivated wild species are easy to be introduced.

Key words:Lushan mountains;Rho dodendron;Introduction and cultivation;Adaptability

收稿日期:2003-08-21 修回日期:2004-01-06

基金项目:中国科学院生物技术局国际友谊杜鹃园续建!项目资助

作者简介:张乐华(1966-),男,江西进贤人,中科院庐山植物园副研究员,从事杜鹃花研究。